TERM 1 STANDARD II: Performance Appraised - the

SAS #1 Introduction to Gerontological gerontological nurse evaluates his/her own

Nursing nursing practice in relation to professional
Geriatric or Gerontology Nursing- deals with practice standards and relevant statutes and
proper care and hospitalization of aged or regulation.
geriatric patient. STANDARD III: Education - GN acquires and
Florence Nightingale- she was renowned as maintain current knowledge in nursing practice.
the first geriatric nurse superintendent position STANDARD IV: Collegiality - contributes to
in an English institution. professional development of peer, colleagues
and others.
Definition of terms: STANDARD V: Ethics - decisions and action on
Gerontology- is the study of aging or the aged. behalf of older adults…
Geriatrics- refer to medical care pf the aged. STANDARD VI: Collaboration - w/older adults,
Gerontological Nursing- aspect of gerontology caregiver, and family members.
that falls within the discipline of nursing and the STANDARD VII: Research - evaluates research
scope of nursing practice. findings to improves gerontological nursing
Old age- >65 y/o practice.
Gerontological Rehabilitation Nursing- STANDARD VIII: Resource Utilization - consider
gerontological nursing with rehabilitation the factors related to safety, effectiveness, and
concepts and practices. cost in planning.
Social Gerontological - social aspects of the
aging.
Geropsychology - psychiatry whose SAS #3 Biological and psycho-social
knowledge, expertise,and practice are with the theories of aging/nursing theories of aging.
older population. I. Biological theories of aging
Financial Gerontology - financial planning and A. Stochastic theory- based on random events
services with a special expertise in the needs of that cause cellular damage that accumulates as
alder adults. the organisms aged.
a) Free radical theory- membranes,
Roles of Gerontological Nurse: nucleic acids, and proteins are
 Provider of care damaged by free radicals, which causes
 Teacher cellular injury and aging.
 Manager b) Error theory- error DNA and RNA
 Advocate synthesis occur with aging.
 Researcher c) Wear and tear theory- cells wear out
and cannot function with aging.
SAS #2 standards and gerontologic nursing d) Connective tissue/cross-link
practice/perspective of aging theory- proteins impede
Nursing care metabolic processes and cause troubles
STANDARD I: Assessment - collects patient with getting nutrient to cells and
health data. removing cellular waste products.
STANDARD II: Diagnosis - analyze the B. Non-stochastic Theories - genetically
assessment data to determine the diagnosis. programmed events that cause cellular damage
STANDARD III: Outcome Identification- identifies that accelerates aging of the organism.
expected outcomes individualize to the older a) Programmed theory- cells divide until they
adult. they are longer able to. And this triggers
STANDARD IV: Planning - develops plan of cares apoptosis or cell death.
that prescribes intervention to attain outcomes. b) Neuroendocrine theory- problems with
STANDARD V: Implementation - implements the hypothalamus-pituitary-endocrine gland
intervention. feedback system cause dse.; increase insulin
STANDARD VI: Evaluation - evaluates the older growth factor accelerates aging
adult progress towards attainment of expected c) Gene/biological clock theory- genetically
outcomes. programmed aging code.
Quality care d) Immunological theory- aging is due to
STANDARD I: Quality of care - evaluates the faulty immunological function, which is linked to
quality of care and effectiveness of nursing general well-being.
practice. II. Psychosocial theories of aging
A. Sociological theories - changing roles, 2. Lack of information about OTC drugs
relationships, status, and generational cohort 3. Lack of information about client
impact the older adult’s ability to adapt. noncompliance
a) Activity disengagement- remaining 4. Use of complementary therapies fear of telling
occupied and involved is necessary to a health-workers provider.
satisfying late life. Promote internal reflection. 5. Changes on daily habits
b) Subculture- segregate from society in an 6. Changes in mental-emotional status that may
aging subculture sharing loss of status and affect consumption patterns.
societal negativity regarding the aged 7. Changes in health status
c) Continuity remains consistent throughout 8. Financial limitations.
life. Memory skills
d) Age stratification- society is stratified by SAS #5 ethical/legal principles and issues.
age groups that are the basis for acquiring SEC. 28. scope of nursing. - a person shall be
resources, role status, deference, from. deemed to be practicing nursing within the
e) Person-environment fir - affected by ego meaning of this act when he/she singly or in
strength, mobility, health, cognition, sensory collaboration with another, initiates and
perception, and the environment. performs nursing service.
f) Gerontranscendence- The elderly transform
from a materialistic/rational perspective toward R.A. 7432
oneness with the universe. - AN ACT TO MAXIMIZE THE CONTIBUTION
B. Psychological theories - Explain aging in OF SENIOR CITIZENS TO NATION BUILDING,
terms of mental processes, emotions, attitudes, GRANT BENEFITS, AND SPECIAL PRIVILEGES AND
motivation and personality development that is FOR OTHER PURPOSES.
characterized by life stage transitions. Section 4: privileges for the senior citizens.
a) Human needs- Five basic needs 1. 20% discounts in purchase of medication
motivate human behavior in a lifelong anywhere in the country.
process toward need fulfillment. 2. 20% discount on admission fees charged by
b) Individualism- Personality consists of theaters, cinema houses and concert halls,
an ego and personal and collective circuses, carnivals and other similar places of
unconsciousness that views Tile from a culture, leisure, and amusements.
personal or external perspective. 3. Exemption from the payment of individual
c) Stages of personality development- income taxes.
Personality develops in eight sequential 4. Free medical and dental services in
stages with corresponding life tasks. The government establishments anywhere in the
eighth phase integrity versus despair is country
characterized by evaluating life 5. Benefits and privileges given by the
accomplishments; struggles include government GSIS, SSS, PAG-IBIG.
letting go, accepting care, detachment,
and physical and mental decline. Republic Act NO. 9257
d) Life-course/lifespan development- “Expanded senior citizens act of 2003”
Life stages are predictable and
structured by roles, relationships, Republic Act NO. 9994
values, and goals. “an act to maximize the contribution of senior
e) Selective optimization with citizens to nation building, grant benefits. And
compensation -Individuals cope with special privileges and for other purposes.”
aging losses through activity/role
selection, optimization. and Ethical principles:
compensation. Autonomy - right to make independence choice
and decision.
SAS #4 medication of older adults Beneficence - doing act of mercy and kindness.
 Pharmacokinetics- study of absorption, Nonmaliecence - requiring to act in such a
distribution, metabolism, and excretion of manner as to avoid causing harm to patients.
drugs. Fidelity - faithfulness and the practice off
 Pharmacodynamics- effects of drug in the keeping promise.
body and mechanism of there action. Justice - fairly and equality.
Poly-pharmacy- multiple drug taken. Veracity - telling the truth.
Reasons for poly-pharmacy: Confidentiality - nor disclosure of private or
1. Lack of communication secret information in which one is entrusted.
 considered to be entry level into nursing home
Patient rights: care.
1. Advance directives and living wills SKILLED CARE - for those older adults requiring
-patient is no longer able to provide more intensive nursing care.
informed consent. ALZHEIMER’S CARE- because of the higher
2. Durable power of attorney incidence of AD with advanced age, there is a
- a legal document designating an growing need for units that provide nursing care
alternative decision maker in the event that the for elders in the various stages of dementia that
person is incapacitated. occur with Alzheimer's.
3. Patient’s bill of rights.
- Right to appropriate medical care and humane Palliative care
treatment - comprehensive management of the physical,
- Right to informed consent psychological, social, spiritual, and existential
- Right to privacy and confidentiality needs of patients. It is for any time during a
- Right to information terminal illness.
- Right to choose health care provider and
facility End-of-life care
- Right to religious belief - services provided to terminally ill patient
- Right to medical records whose incurable dse has advance to a stage of
- Right to leave near death.
- Right to refuse participation in medical Providing physical comfort:
research -pain
- Right to correspondence and to receive -breathing problems
visitors -skin irritations
- Right to express grievances -digestive problems
- Right to be informed of his//her rights and -temperature sensitivity
obligation as a patient -fatigue

Ethics in practice SAS #7 SPIRITUALITY AMONG OLDER

 Mistakes ADULTS, ETHICAL DILEMMA
1. Honesty admitting the error occurred
2. Taking proper steps to correct the situation Spirituality- wind, breath, or air which give life
3. Apologizing for the mistake (Hebrew, Latin, and Greek)
4. Making amends as possible Religion- to tie/secure/bind/fasten together to
5. Evaluating how to prevent such mistakes in create system of attitudes and beliefs. (Latin)
the future Gerotranscendence- the 9th stage of lifecycle
 Conflict of interest development (erik arikson developed 8 stages
of life cycle)
3 dimensions:
SAS #6 Levels of care among older adults 1. Cosmic
Long-term care 2. Self-trancendent
-refers to health, mental health, social, and 3. Social selectivity
residential services provided to a temporary or
chronically disabled person. Prayer- has positive impact on patient
outcomes, such as fewer complications, less
ASSISTED LIVING- generally provide healthy medication needed, and quicker return to health
meals, planned activities, places to walk and Taking spiritual history and assessment
exercise, and should offer pleasant surroundings 1. FICA
where adults can socialize with others their own F - faith
age in a safe and protected environment. I - importance
Risk of needing long-term care C - community
-age A -address in care
-gender
-marital status 2. HOPE
-lifestyle H-
-health and family history O - organized religion
INTERMEDIATED CARE- Provides 24- hour per P - personal spirituality
day direct nursing contact and may be
 E - effects on medical care and end-of-life PRESIDENTIAL PROCLAMATION AND
issues. EXECUTIVE ORDERS PRESIDENTIAL
PROCLAMATION NO. 470, SERIES OF 1994-
Interventions of spiritual care; overlap w/ first week of October of every year as “elderly
cultural/psychosocial care Filipino week.”
a) Creative/expressive art
b) Music Presidential proclamation no. 1048, series
c) Story of 1999, international year of older persons.
d) Spiritual reminiscence
e) Compassionate presence 9 EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 266, SERIES OF
f) Humor 2000 - Philippine plan of action for older
persons(PPAOP) 1999-2004
SAS # 8 settings of care for older
adults/advocacy programs relevant to the EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 105, SERIES OF
care of older adult 2003 - implementation of the program providing
for group homes and foster homes for neglected,
HOME CARE- longer period of observation or abandoned, abused, detached, and poor older
care from nurses may be candidates for home persons and PWD
health care services.
 Health education
 Personal care
 preventive services and early detection
 Psychosocial support and social services
 Building the capacity of family members to
provide day-to-day care
 Transitional home health care

HOSPICE FACILITIES -Caring for dying person

and their families. The concept of the hospice is
centered around holistic, interdisciplinary care.

DROP IN/DAY CARE CENTERS - who are

unable to remain at home during day without
supervision.
Services provides by adult day care center:
1. Social activities
2. Nutrition
3. Personal care
4. Health services
5. Transportation

INDEPENDENT LIVING - the form of senior

housing, such as with apartment complexes that
are exclusively devoted to the elderly.

FORSTER CARE/ GROUP HOMES - For those

older adult who can do most of their ADLs, but
mar have safety issues and require supervision
with some activities such as dressing or taking
medication.

Republic Act NO. 9336 -the general

appropriations act of 26, under section 332
mandates that all government agencies and
instrumentalities should allocate 1% of their
total agency budget to programs and project for
older person and PWD.