ACTIVITIES
1. HOUSEHOLD CIRCUIT
Objective :
To assemble a household circuit comprising three bulbs, three switches,a fuse and a source
Materials required :
Three bulb holders and bulbs,four switches,fuse wire and connecting wires.
Circuit diagram :
Physics lab manual : Page no: 85 , fig : 3.1
Theory :
Our household electric circuits function on 220 V,50 Hz ac supply line. It consists of live wire and
neutral wire. These wires supply electricity to separate circuits within the house.In domestic
circuits, all appliances are connected parallel to each other and has separate switches. Electric
fuse in a circuit prevents damage to the appliances and the circuit due to overloading.
Procedure :
1. Connect one terminal of all the three bulb holders to the red flexible wires and join switches
in series to it.With the other terminal connect black coloured wires.
2. Join all the three bulb holders and switches in parallel to red wires on one side and black
wires on the other side.
3. With red wire connect a fuse and a main switch S in series. Finally, connect a two-pin-plug
with free ends of red wire and black wire.
4. Switch on the main switch S but S1 , S2 and S3 in off positions.No bulb glows.
5. Now, switch on the switch S1 , bulb B1 begins to glow. Similarly B2 and B3 start glowing on
switching switches S2 and S3 respectively.
6. S1 , S2 , and S3 in on position and main switch S in off position, all the three bulbs cease to
glow.
Result :
The required household circuit has been assembled and successfully tested.
VERIFICATION OF OHM’S LAW
Objective :
Assemble the components of a given electric circuit.
Material required :
Battery, key, resistance wire, rheostat, ammeter, voltmeter and connecting wire.
Circuit diagram :
Physics lab manual – page no : 87 , fig : 4.1
Procedure :
1. From all the electrical components ,connect battery, key ,resistance wire and rheostat all in
series using connecting wires.
2. Connect the ammeter in series and voltmeter in parallel to the circuit.
3. After the completion of circuit ,put the plug in gap of key K. If assembly is correct ammeter
and voltmeter give some readings.
4. Moreover, on sliding the sliding contact of rheostat, the readings of ammeter as well as
voltmeter will change.
Result :
Assembly of the components of a given electric circuit has been completed and tested.
Precautions :
1. Connection should be neat , clean and tight.
2. The ends of connecting wires should. be cleaned by rubbing with a sandpaper.
IDENTIFICATION OF COMPONENTS
Objective :
To identify a diode, an LED ,a resistor and a capacitor from mixed collection of such items
Material required :
Mixed collection of electric items and a multimeter.
Theory :
(i) A resistor is a two – terminal device. It conducts equally in both direction.
(ii) A capacitor is a three – terminal device which does not conduct but it stores some charge.
(iii) A diode is a two terminal device.
(iv) A LED is also a two terminal device.It conducts when forward biased and does not conduct
when reverse biased.
Diagram :
Physics Lab manual – Page no: 94 , Fig : 7.1
Procedure :
(i) To identify the above components ,take a multimeter and set it in resistance measurement
mode. Bring in contact two leads of multimeter with two terminals of the given component and
observe the deflection obtained in the multimeter
(a) If some resistance is being displayed by the multimeter and even on reversing the leads of
multimeter, the resistance displayed remains unchanged then the given component is a resistor.
(b)If the given component is a capacitor, there is a deflection at first but within a fraction of
second, it becomes zero .
(c) If the given component is a diode, then it will show a small value of resistance when
connected in forward bias ,but extremely high resistance when in reverse bias.
(d) An LED also exhibits unidirectional flow of current just like a diode.It emits some light of a
particular colour when connected in forward bias. On this basis, an LED may be distinguished
from a diode.
Result : Various items have been identified from mixed collection of electronic components.
