214 AIIMS Chapterwise Solutions Biology

29
29
1. Plants which can withstand wide range of 7. Penicillium does not allow the growth of
temperature tolerance are called bacterium Staphylococcus. This sort of
(a) monothermic (b) stenothermic relationship is called
(c) mesothermic (d) eurythermic. (a) commensalism (b) antagonism
(1996) (c) ammensalism (d) mutualism.
(1996)
2. Life in biosphere is abundant between
(a) 200 m below sea level to 6000 m above 8. The reflectivity percentage of incident light
on the earth is meteorologically called as
sea level
(a) reradiation (b) tornado
(b) 6000 m below sea level to 6000 m above
(c) irrefraction (d) albedo. (1996)
sea level
(c) 11000 m below sea level to 9000 m above 9. Red Data Book deals with
sea level (a) plants on the verge of extinction
(d) 6000 m below sea level to 2000 m above (b) endemic plant
sea level. (1996) (c) plants showing photoperiodism
(d) plants that are extinct. (1996)
3. An ecological pyramid of biomass is the
10. Which of the following is most convincing
epresentation of the ecosystem’s
reasons for increasing population growth in a
(a) energy flow through each trophic level
country ?
(b) population in each food web (a) low population of old people
(c) tissue organisation at each trophic level. (b) high birth rate
(d) all of these. (1996) (c) high population of young children
4. Which part of the world has a high density of (d) low mortality rate. (1996)
organisms ? 11. Positive pollution of soil is due to
(a) Deciduous forests (a) excessive use of fertilisers
(b) Grasslands (b) reduction in soil productivity
(c) Tropical rain forests (c) addition of wastes on soil
(d) Savannahs (1996, 2007) (d) all of these. (1997)
5. In a lake, the upper warmer oxygen rich 12. The biome, which is characterised by broad-
circulating water layer zone is referred to leaved vegetation, life-resistant resinous plants
(a) limnetic zone (b) epilimnion and drought-evading plants, is known as
(c) profundal zone (d) hypolimnion. (a) steppes (b) chapparal
(1996) (c) deciduous forest (d) savannah.
(1997)
6. The niche of a population is the
13. The sphere of living matter together with
(a) set of conditions that it interacts
water, air and soil on the surface of earth is
(b) place where it lives
called
(c) set of conditions and resources it uses (a) lithosphere (b) atmosphere
(d) geographical area that it covers. (c) biosphere (d) hydrosphere.
(1996) (1997, 1998, 2001)
Ecology and Environment 215

14. Recent reports of acid rains in big industrial 21. The limiting factor in nitrification of soil is
cities are due to the effect of atmospheric (a) soil nature (pH) (b) light
pollution by excessive release of (c) temperature (d) air. (2000)
(a) NH3 by coal gas industries
22. The most important source of energy on earth is
(b) NO2 and SO2 by burning of fossil fuels
(a) ATP molecules (b) chlorophyll
(c) CO2 by incomplete combustion of carbon
(c) xanthophyll (d) carotenoids.
fuel
(2000)
(d) CO2 by burning of coal/wood, cutting of
forests. (1997) 23. A person is suffering from impaired nervous
15. Which plant species is on the verge of system and madness after prolonged
extinction due to over-exploitation? consumption of polluted water. Which metal is
(a) Gloriosa (b) Podophyllum responsible?
(c) Ceritella (d) all of these (a) Hg (b) Ca
(1997) (c) M n (d) Pb (2000)

16. If the rate of addition of new members 24. Most of the plants cultivated in agriculture
increases with respect to the individual host are actually belong to which the succession
of the same population, then the graph level?
obtained has (a) Early primary succession
(a) zero population growth (b) Late primary succession
(b) declined growth (c) Early secondary succession
(c) exponential growth (d) Late secondary succession (2000)
(d) none of these. (1997) 25. Mutualism is found in
17. Moderate rainfall during summer produces (a) hermit crab and sea anemone
(a) desert (b) Ox pecker and rhinoceros
(b) grasslands (c) Zoochlorellae and Hydra
(c) scrub forests (d) E.coli and man. (2001)
(d) deciduous forests. (1998) 26. Some students, during a study, caught, marked
18. The relationship in an ecosystem can be and released 80 fishes in a pond. Later 100
depicted in fishes were caught at random. Among these
(a) pyramid of energy 40 were found to be marked. What is the
(b) pyramid of biomass approximate number of fishes in the pond?
(c) pyramid of numbers (a) 50 (b) 100
(d) all of these. (1998) (c) 200 (d) 4000 (2001)
27. Green muffler is used against which type of
19. The food chain, in which microorganisms
pollution?
breakdown the energy rich compounds (a) Air (b) Soil
synthesised by producers is called (c) Water (d) Noise (2002)
(a) ecosystem
(b) detritus food chain 28. The abundance of a species population within
its habitat is called
(c) parasitic food chain
(a) niche density (b) relative density
(d) predator food chain. (1999)
(c) regional density (d) absolute density.
20. Obligate parasites are those organisms which (2002)
(a) live only on living host 29. Mr. X is eating curd/yoghurt. For this food
(b) are essentially parasites but can also intake in a food chain he should be considered
become saprophyte as occupying
(c) live only on dead and decaying organic (a) first trophic level
matter (b) second trophic level
(d) are essentially saprophytes but can also (c) third trophic level
becomes parasites. (1999) (d) fourth trophic level. (2003)
216

30. July 11 is observed as

(a) World population day
(b) No tobacco day
(c) World environment day INDIA
(d) World health day. (2003) Former distribution
Present distribution
31. Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) is a measure
Which animal could it be
of
(a) Wild ass (b) Nilgai
(a) industrial wastes poured into water
(c) Black buck (d) Lion. (2003)
bodies
(b) extent to which water is polluted with 37. The Great Barrier Reef along the east coast of
organic compounds Australia can be categorised as
(c) amount of carbon monoxide inseparably (a) population (b) community
combined with haemoglobin (c) ecosystem (d) biome. (2004)
(d) amount of oxygen needed by green 38. Nitrogen oxides produced from the emission
plants during night. (2003) of automobiles and power plants, are the
source of fine air borne particles which lead to
32. Drinking of mineral water with very low level
(a) photochemical smog
of pesticides (about 0.02 ppm) for long periods
(b) dry acid deposition
may
(c) industrial smog
(a) produce immunity against mosquito
(d) wet acid deposition. (2004)
(b) cause leukemia (blood cancer) in most
people 39. A lake with an inflow of domestic sewage rich
(c) cause cancer of the intestine in organic waste may result in
(d) lead to accumulation of pesticide residues (a) drying of the lake very soon due to algal
in body fat. (2003) bloom
(b) an increased production of fish due to
33. Which one of the following is a matching lot of nutrients
pair of certain organism(s) and the kind of (c) death of fish due to lack of oxygen
association? (d) increased population of aquatic food
(a) Shark and sucker fish - Amensalism web organisms. (2004)
(b) Algae and fungi in lichens - Mutualism
40. Minamata disease was caused due to the
(c) Orchids growing on trees - Parasitism
consumption of
(d) Cuscuta (dodder) growing in other (a) sea food containing lot of cadmium
flowering plants - Epiphytism. (2003) (b) fish contaminated with mercury
34. Photochemical smog formed in congested (c) oysters with lot of pesticide
metropolitan cities mainly consists of (d) sea food contaminated with selenium.
(a) ozone, peroxyacetyl nitrate and NOx (2004)
(b) smoke, peroxyacetyl nitrate and SO2 41. Which one of the following is a pair of
(c) hydrocarbons, SO2 and CO2 endangered species?
(d) hydrocarbons, ozone and SOx. (2003) (a) Garden lizard and Mexican poppy
(b) Rhesus monkey and Sal tree
35. In almost all Indian metropolitan cities like
(c) Indian peacock and carrot grass
Delhi, the major atmospheric pollutant(s) is/
(d) Hornbill and Indian aconite (2004)
are
(a) suspended particulate matter (SPM) 42. If the Bengal Tiger becomes extinct
(b) oxides of sulphur (a) hyenas and wolves will become scarce
(c) carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide (b) the wild areas will be safe for man and
(d) oxides of nitrogen. (2003) domestic animals
(c) its gene pool will be lost forever
36. The map given below indicates the former and (d) the populations of beautiful animals like
the present distribution of an animal deers will get stabilised. (2004)
Ecology and Environment 217

43. Which one of the following pairs of (c) Shorea robusta, herb, tropical rain forest
geographical areas show maximum (d) Acacia catechu, tree, coniferous forest.
biodiversity in our country? (2005)
(a) Sunderbans and Rann of Kutch 49. One of the ex situ conservation methods for
(b) Eastern Ghats and West Bengal endangered species is
(c) Eastern Himalaya and Western Ghats (a) wildlife sanctuaries
(d) Kerala and Punjab. (2005) (b) biosphere reserves
44. Formation of non-functional methaemoglobin (c) cryopreservation
(d) national parks. (2005)
causes blue-baby syndrome. This is due to
(a) excess of arsenic concentration in 50. Pollution from animal excreta and organic
drinking water waste from kitchen can be most profitably
(b) excess of nitrates in drinking water minimised by
(c) deficiency of iron in food (a) storing them in underground storage
(d) increased methane content in the tanks
atmosphere. (2005) (b) using them for producing biogas
(c) vermiculture
45. Which one of the following statement (d) using them directly as biofertilizers
pertaining to pollutants is correct? (2006)
(a) DDT is a non-biodegradable pollutant.
51. Which one of the following is an environment-
(b) Excess fluoride in drinking water causes
related disorder with the correct main cause ?
osteoporosis.
(a) Black lung disease (pneumoconiosis)
(c) Excess cadmium in drinking water causes found mainly in workers in stone quarries
black foot disease. and crushers
(d) Methylmercury in water may cause “Itai (b) Blue baby disease (methaemoglobin-
Itai” disease. (2005) aemia) due to heavy use of nitrogenous
46. Which one of the following correctly fertilisers in the area
represents an organism and its ecological (c) Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma found mainly
in workers involved in manufacture of
niche?
neem based pesticides
(a) Vallisneria and pond
(d) Skin cancer mainly in people exposed to
(b) desert locust (Scistocerca) and desert
benzene and methane (2006)
(c) plant lice (aphids) and leaf
(d) vultures and dense forest. (2005) 52. The Montreal Protocol refers to
(a) persistent organic pollutants
47. Given below is one of the types of ecological (b) global warming and climate change
pyramids. (c) substances that deplete the ozone layer
(d) biosafety of genetically modified
organisms. (2006)
53. Keystone species deserve protection because
these
(a) are capable of surviving in harsh
This type represents environmental conditions
(a) pyramid of numbers in a grassland (b) indicate presence of certain minerals in
(b) pyramid of biomass in a fallow land the soil
(c) pyramid of biomass in a lake (c) have become rare due to overexploitation
(d) energy pyramid in a spring. (2005) (d) play an important role in supporting other
species. (2006)
48. Which one of the following is correct
matching of a plant, its habit and the forest 54. In India, we find mangoes with different
type where it normally occurs? flavours, colours, fibre content, sugar content
(a) Prosopis, tree, scrub and even shelf-life. The large variation is on
(b) Saccharum, grass, forest account of
218

(a) species diversity 60 . The bacteria which attack dead animals are
(b) induced mutations (a) first link of the food chain and are known
(c) genetic diversity as primary producers
(d) hybridisation (2006) (b) second link of the food chain and are
herbivorous
55. Biosphere reserves differ from National Parks (c) third link of the food chain and are tertiary
and Wildlife sanctuaries because in the former consumers
(a) human beings are not allowed to enter (d) the end of food chain and are
(b) people are an integral part of the system decomposers. (2008)
(c) plants are paid greater attention than the 61 . Which of the following statements is incorrect?
animals (a) Lichen, an association of fungus and
(d) living organisms are brought from all over algae is an example of mutualism.
the world and preserved for posterity. (b) Those epiphytes which use other plants
(2006) for support only and not for water or
56. Ozone in stratosphere extends food supply and are examples of
(a) 10-20 km (b) 20-25 km commensalism.
(c) 15-30 km (d) 25-40 km (c) Sea-anemone on hermit-crab is an example
of protocooperation.
(2007)
(d) Mutualism, protocooperation, comme-
57. Two opposite forces operate in the growth nsalism cannot be included under
and development of every population. One of symbiosis. (2008)
them is related to the ability to reproduce at a 62. Rain is called acid-rain when its pH is below
given rate. The force opposite to it is called (a) 7 (b) 6.5
(a) fecundity (c) 6 (d) 5.6. (2009)
(b) environmental resistances
(c) biotic control 63 . Which of the following has highest diversity
(d) mortality. (2008) in India?
(a) Mango (b) Dolphin
58 . The growth curve of bacterial population in (c) Tiger (d) Orchids (2010)
lab is plotted against time. What will be the
64. What is the Greek word for ecology?
shape of graph? (a) ethos + logos (b) oikos + logos
(a) Sigmoid (c) eco + logos (d) oeko + logis
(b) Hyperbolic (2010)
(c) Ascending straight line
(d) Descending straight line (2008) 65 . What are labelled phases A, B and C in given
sigmoidal growth curve?
59 . What is a keystone species? C
(a) A species which makes up only a small
proportion of the total biomass of a
Population

community, yet has a huge impact on the

B

community’s organization and survival.

(b) A common species that has plenty of
biomass, yet has a fairly low impact on
the community’s organization. A
(c) A rare species that has minimal impact
Time
on the biomass and on other species in A B C
the community. (a) Stationary Log Lag
(d) A dominant species that constitutes a (b) Lag Stationary Log
large proportion of the biomass and (c) Log Lag Stationary
which affects many other species. (d) Lag Log Stationary
(2008) (2011)
Ecology and Environment 219

66 . Monarch butterfly escapes from predators (a) B : Logistic curve

by (b) C : Carrying capacity
(a) foul smell (c) C : Exponential curve
(b) bitter taste (d) A : Carrying capacity (2012)
(c) colour combination 72. Which one of the following has the largest
(d) rough skin. (2011) species variety in India?
67 . In vehicles, catalytic converters are used (a) Wheat (b) Maize
(a) to increase mileage of vehicles (c) Rice (d) Potato. (2012)
(b) to convert CO2 into carbonates 73. Cattle ranches are known to causes acute
(c) to increase the efficiency of lead mixed green house effect. This is due to
petrol (a) mechanized milking practices
(d) to convert CO to CO2. (2011) (b) methanogenic bacteria in rumen
(c) decomposition of left over fodder
68 . Which of the following is best method of (d) decomposition of organic remains in
germplasm conservation ? faeces. (2012)
(a) Herbarium
74. Select the correct statement.
(b) Botanical garden
(a) Particulate matter of size 10 µm can create
(c) Seed bank
severe damage to the lungs.
(d) Zoological park (2011) (b) Particulate matter of size greater than 2.5
69 . Which of the following statements is correct? µm can get trapped in lungs and cause
(a) Lion and leopard show convergent problems.
evolution. (c) Particulate matter of size less than 2.5 µm
(b) Cryptic camouflage is seen in Biston penetrate deep into lungs.
betularia. (d) None of the above. (2012)
(c) Natural selection is responsible for
75 . India is one of the twelve megadiversity
extinction of dinosaurs.
countries with ____ of genetic resources of
(d) Homo habilis and Homo erectus are
the world.
closely related. (2011)
(a) 12.1% (b) 18.1%
70 . Bacteria, fungi, lower plants survive in (c) 38.1% (d) 8.1% (2013)
adverse conditions by
(a) diapause 76 . Which of the following is not an invasive
(b) suspended growth species?
(c) migration (a) Parthenium hysterophorus
(d) formation of thick walled spores. (b) Nelumbo (lotus)
(2011) (c) Lantana camara
(d) Eichhornia crassipes (2013)
71.
77 . A large quantity of urban sewage is drained
to nearby village river. Which among the given
conditions would happen after mixing of
sewage into the river?
(i) Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of
receiving water body increases.
(ii) Dissolved oxygen of receiving water
body decreases.
(iii) It will not cause mortality among fishes
and other aquatic creatures.
Which is correctly labelled with respect to the (iv) It will lead to nutrient enrichment of
given diagram? receiving water body.
220

(a) (i), (ii) and (iii)

(b) (i), (ii) and (iv) Column - I Column - II
(c) (ii) and (iii) (d) (iii) and (iv). A. Emphysema (i) Increase in the
(2013) concentration of
78 . Which of the following is a secondary n on -b i od egrad -
pollutant? able substances in
(a) Carbon dioxide (b) Nitrogen oxides food chains
(c) Peroxyacyl nitrates(d) All of these B. ADA deficiency (ii) -1 antitrypsin
C. Eutrophication (iii) Bone marrow
(2013)
transplantation
79. The total number of biodiversity hotspots in D. Biomagnification (iv) Nutrient
the world are enrichment of a
(a) 72 (b) 34 water body
(c) 52 (d) 24. (2014) (a) A - (iii), B - (ii), C - (iv), D - (i)
(b) A - (ii), B - (iii),C - (iv), D - (i)
80. Plants do not get benefit from
(c) A - (ii), B - (iv),C - (i), D - (iii)
(a) N2 in air (b) O2 in air
(d) A - (iv), B - (ii), C - (iii), D - (i) (2015)
(c) CO2 in air (d) O3 in air.
(2014) 86. Match column I with column II and select the
correct option from the codes given below.
81. Which of the following associations shows
Column I Column II
mutualism?
A. Commensalism (i) One inhibited,
(a) Fig and wasp
other unaffected
(b) Barnacles on whale B. Parasitism (ii) One benefitted,
(c) Roundworms in human intestine other unaffected
(d) Orchids on mango tree (2014) C. Mutualism (iii) Both are
82. Which of the following statements is not true? benefitted
(a) The biodiversity decreases with D. Amensalism (iv) One benefitted,
increasing latitude. other harmed
(b) The biodiversity decreases with (a) A - (iv), B - (ii), C - (iii), D - (i)
increasing altitude. (b) A - (iii), B - (iv), C - (ii), D - (i)
(c) A - (ii), B - (iv), C - (iii), D - (i)
(c) The fishes show greatest biodiversity
(d) A - (ii), B - (iv), C - (i), D - (iii) (2016)
among vertebrates.
(d) The biodiversity of bryophytes is greater 87. Most animals that live in deep oceanic waters
than that of angiosperms. are
(2014) (a) tertiary consumers
(b) detritivores
83. Photochemical smog formed in congested (c) primary consumers
metropolitan cities mainly consists of (d) secondary consumers. (2016)
(a) ozone, peroxyacyl nitrate and NOx
88. One of the following statements is incorrect
(b) smoke, peroxyacyl nitrate and SO2 with reference to biodiversity. Identify it.
(c) hydrocarbons, SO2 and CO2 (a) The areas with very few plant and animal
(d) hydrocarbons, ozone and SOx. species (low species richness) with no
(2014) threatened species are called biodiversity
84. One out of the following is not responsible hotspots.
for biodiversity loss. (b) Biodiversity increases from higher
(a) Alien species invasion altitudes to lower altitudes.
(c) Biodiversity decreases from the equator
(b) Co-extinction
to polar regions.
(c) Ex situ conservation
(d) Depletion in genetic diversity of crop
(d) Deforestation (2015) plants is mainly due to the introduction
85. Match the following and select the correct of better varieties with high yield, disease
option. resistance, etc. (2016)
Ecology and Environment 221

89. One greenhouse gas contributes 14% to total 95. Match the columns.
global warming and another contributes 6%. Column I Column II
These are respectively identified as Species X Species Y
(a) N2O and CO2 (b) CFCs and N2O A. + + (i) Commensalism
(c) methane and CO2
B. + – (ii) Amensalism
(d) methane and CFCs. (2016)
C. 0 – (iii) Parasitism
90. The water logging capacity of garden soil will
be determined by measuring the weight of D. + 0 (iv) Mutualism
(a) soil by adding water and humus (a) A - (ii), B - (i), C- (iv), D - (iii)
(b) water saturated soil then heating the soil (b) A - (iii), B - (iv), C- (i), D - (ii)
till it is dry and then measuring the weight of soil (c) A - (iv), B - (iii), C- (ii), D - (i)
(c) soil by adding water, biomass and humus (d) A - (i), B - (ii), C- (iii), D - (iv)
(d) soil from different locations with biomass. (2018)
(2017) 96. Which one of the
91. The process where a population inhibits the following options
growth of other population without affecting correctly designate
itself is known as the percent
(a) amensalism (b) parasitism contribution of
(c) mutualism (d) commensalism. gases (A, B, C and
(2017) D) responsible for
global warming?
92. Which of the following is not a factor that
A B C D
would limit the growth of a population?
(a) CH4 (20%) CFCs (14%) N2O (6%) CO2 (60%)
(a) Food shortage (b) Immigration (b) CFCs (20%) CO2 (14%) N2O (6%) CH4 (60%)
(c) Disease (d) Famine (2017) (c) N2O (20%) CH4(14%) CFCs (6%) CO2 (60%)
93. A large quantity of urban sewage is drained (d) CH4 (20%) N2O(14%) CFCs (6%) CO2 (60%)
into nearby village river. Which among the (2018)
given conditions would happen after mixing 97. Fishes in eutrophic lake die due to
of sewage into the river? (a) lack of oxygen
(i) Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of (b) nutrient enrichment
receiving water body increases. (c) CO2
(ii) Dissolved oxygen of receiving water (d) none of these. (2018)
body decreases.
(iii) It will not cause mortality among fishes
ASSERTION AND REASON
and other aquatic creatures.
(iv) It will lead to nutrient enrichment of 98. Assertion: Ionizing radiations are harmful for
receiving water body. the living organism.
(a) (i), (ii) and (iii) (b) (i), (ii) and (iv) Reason: They form toxic photoproducts in the
(c) (ii) and (iii) only (d) (iii) and (iv) only cells. (1995)
(2017) 99. Assertion: Alpine forests consist of dwarf
94. Keystone species deserve protection because shrubs mainly of junipers, silver firs and
these rhododendrons.
(a) are capable of surviving in harsh Reason: Alpine forests occur in the Himalayas
environmental conditions above the altitude of 3500 metres. (1996)
(b) indicate presence of certain minerals in 100. Assertion: Indiscriminate exploitation of
the soil economically important wild plants may lead
(c) have become rare due to overexploitation to their extinction.
(d) play an important role in supporting other Reason: Non-conservation of their germplasm
species. (2017) is responsible for this. (1996)
222

101. Assertion : Endomycorrhiza of forest trees 109. Assertion : Presently, the global atmosphere
contribute to the efficient nutrient cycling in is warming up.
tropical forest ecosystems. Reason : The depletion of stratospheric ozone
Reason : The fungi that form endomycorrhizal layer has resulted in increase in ultraviolet
associations with plants store nutrient ions radiations reaching the earth. (2005)
and make them available to the host plants.
110. Assertion : The age-sex structure of human
(1998, 2017)
population in countries like France and
102. Assertion: Soil particles, particularly clay and Germany gives a steep pyramid.
organic matter in soil, contain negative charges Reason : In countries like Sudan and India the
that attract positively-charged ions such as population is increasing at a rapid rate.
Ca++, K+ and Mg++. (2005)
Reason: This attraction keeps these ions at a 111. Assertion : A network of food chains existing
soil level where they are available to plants. together in an ecosystem is known as a food web.
(1999) Reason : An animal like kite cannot be a part
of a food web. (2006)
103. Assertion : Living organisms are regarded as
closed systems. 112. Assertion : Deforestation is one main factor
Reason : Energy of living organisms cannot contributing to global warming.
be lost or gained from the environment. Reason : Besides CO 2 , two other gases
(2002) methane and CFCs are also included under
green house gases. (2006)
104. Assertion : Tropical rain forests are
disappearing fastly from developing countries 113. Assertion : UV radiation causes
such as India. photodissociation of ozone into O2 and O, thus
Reason : No value is attached to these forests causing damage to the stratospheric ozone
because these are poor in biodiversity. layer.
(2002, 2003) Reason : Ozone hole is resulting in global
105. Assertion : Inhabitants close to very busy warming and climate change. (2006)
airports are likely to experience health hazards. 114. Assertion : The concentration of methane in
Reason : Sound level of jet aeroplanes usually the atmosphere has more than doubled in the
exceeds 160 dB. (2003) last 250 years.
106. Assertion : In a food chain members of Reason : Wetlands and rice fields are the major
successive higher levels are fewer in number. sources of methane. (2006)
Reason : Number of organisms at any trophic
115. Assertion : In tropical rain forests, O-horizon
level depends upon the availability of
organisms which serve as food at the lower and A-horizon of soil profile are shallow and
level. (2003) nutrient-poor.
Reason : Excessive growth of micro-
107. Assertion : A suspended particulate matter organisms in the soil depletes its organic
(SPM) is an important pollutant released by content. (2006)
diesel vehicles.
Reason : Catalytic converters greatly reduce 116. Assertion : Pollution is always caused by
pollution caused by automobiles. (2005) human activities.
108. Assertion : Methane component of green house Reason : Pollution is not different from
gases contributing to global warming is about contamination. (2007)
20 percent. 117. Assertion : Chlorofluorocarbons are
Reason : Introduction of multi-point fuel responsible for ozone depletion.
injection engines in automobiles has Reason : Ozone level decreases by as much
decreased methane content in the exhausts.
as 67% every year. (2007)
(2005)
Ecology and Environment 223

118. Assertion : The plant biomass which serves as Reason : High level of species richness is a
the food of herbivores and decomposers is said criteria for selection of a biodiversity hotspot.
to result from the gross primary productivity. (2012)
Reason : Gross primary productivity is the 128. Assertion : In a terrestrial ecosystem, detritus
rate of net production of organic material food chain is the major conduit for energy flow.
(biomass). (200 8) Reason : Solar energy is the direct source for
119. Assertion : Methyl mercury is a highly energy supply in a detritus food chain. (2012)
persistent pollutant that accumulates in food 129. Assertion : Rice field is an ecosystem for plants
chains. and animals.
Reason : Mercury pollution is responsible Reason : A regular input of energy is essential
for minamata. (200 8) for maintianing acosystem. (2013)
120. Assertion : Secondary succession takes place
130. Assertion : Now-a-days, the biodiversity is
in recently denuded area.
declining with an accelerated rate.
Reason : It is caused due to baring of an area.
Reason : Exotic species are considered to be a
(2009)
major cause of extinction of species. (2013)
121. Assertion : Excess of nitrates in drinking water
are harmful for infants. 131. Assertion : Interspecific competition is the
Reason : Nitrates are responsible for blue baby only potent force in organic evolution.
syndrome. (2009) Reason : Unexceptionally two closely related
species competing for the same resources
122. Assertion : Presence of large amounts of cannot co-exist indefinitely. (2014, 2018)
nutrients in water body causes excessive
132. Assertion : Secondary air pollutants are
growth of planktonic algae.
formed by interaction among the primary
Reason : It is due to biomagnification.
(2010) pollutants and are more toxic.
Reason : DDT is a secondary air pollutant.
123. Assertion : Due to pollution atmospheric (2014)
concentration of CO2 is increasing which will 133. Assertion : Nitrogen is one of the most
be relatively more harmful for C4 plants that C3 essential elements of human body.
plants. Reason : All types of prokaryotic organisms
Reason : C4 plants have greater efficiency for are able to fix nitrogen. (2015)
CO2 as CO2 is fixed by PEP oxygenase. (2010)
134. Assertion : BOD of a river polluted by sewage
124. Assertion : Amount of organic biodegradable
is more than 20 ppm.
compounds present in water is measured by
the BOD of that water. Reason : Polluted river contains excess of
Reason : During biodegradation of organic matter. (2015)
biodegradable organic compounds, oxygen is 135. Assertion : Presence of large amounts of
released by bacteria. (2011) nutrients in water body causes excessive
growth of planktonic algae.
125. Assertion : Algal blooms are formed in nutrient-
Reason : It is due to biomagnification. (2015)
less water.
Reason : Algal blooms in water turn it unfit for 136. Assertion : Atmospheric nitrogen gas is
human consumption, but cause enormous always fixed by nitrogen-fixing micro-
growth of fish. (2011) organisms.
Reason : Decomposers release nitrogen gas
126. Assertion : A mangrove tree growing in marshy from dead bodies of plants and animals.
place has pneumatophores. (2016)
Reason : Pneumatophores help in better
anchorage to marshy soil. (2011) 137. Assertion : Pollution is always caused by
human activities.
127. Assertion : There are 34 biodiversity hotspots
Reason : Pollution is not different from
in the world.
contamination. (2018)
224

138. Assertion : Petroplants produce large amount 141. Assertion : Net primary productivity is gross
of latex. primary productivity minus respiration.
Reason : The latex contains long chain Reason : Secondary productivity is produced
hydrocarbons. (2018) by heterotrophs. (2018)
139. Assertion : Deforestation sequesters CO2 from 142. Assertion : Mullerian and Batesian mimicry
atmosphere. both are protective mimicry.
Reason : Global warming is beneficial for plants Reason : Viceroy butterfly shows Mullerian
and human health. (2018) mimicry. (2018)
140. Assertion : Ectotherms are able to remain 143. Assertion : Colpa aurea is a specialised
active under cold conditions. pollinating agent of orchid Ophrys speculum.
Reason : Ectotherms are able to maintain a Reason : Male Colpa mistakes the Ophrys
constant internal temperature, even when the flower for female wasp to copulate with it.
temperature outside fluctuates. (2018) (2018)

Answer Key
1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (b) 6. (c) 7. (b) 8. (d)
9. (a) 10. (c) 11. (a) 12. (b) 13. (c) 14. (b) 15. (b) 16. (c)
17. (b) 18. (d) 19. (b) 20. (a) 21. (a) 22. (a) 23. (d) 24. (d)
25. (c) 26. (c) 27. (d) 28. (a) 29. (c) 30. (a) 31. (b) 32. (d)
33. (b) 34. (a) 35. (a) 36. (a) 37. (c) 38. (b) 39. (c) 40. (b)
41. (d) 42. (c) 43. (c) 44. (b) 45. (a) 46. (c) 47. (c) 48. (a)
49. (c) 50. (b) 51. (b) 52. (c) 53. (d) 54. (c) 55. (b) 56. (b)
57. (b) 58. (b) 59. (a) 60. (d) 61. (d) 62. (d) 63. (a) 64. (b)
65. (d) 66. (b) 67. (d) 68. (c) 69. (b) 70. (d) 71. (d) 72. (c)
73. (b) 74. (c) 75. (d) 76. (b) 77. (b) 78. (c) 79. (b) 80. (d)
81. (a) 82. (d) 83. (a) 84. (c) 85. (b) 86. (c) 87. (b) 88. (a)
8 9 (b) 90. (b) 91. (a) 92. (b) 93. (b) 94. (d) 95. (c) 96. (a)
97. (a) 98. (c) 99. (b) 100. (a) 101. (a) 102. (b) 103. (d) 104. (c)
105. (a) 106. (a) 107. (b) 108. (b) 109. (b) 110. (b) 111. (c) 112. (b)
113. (b) 114. (a) 115. (b) 116. (d) 117. (b) 118. (d) 119. (b) 120. (a)
121. (a) 122. (c) 123. (c) 124. (c) 125. (d) 126. (c) 127. (b) 128. (c)
129. (b) 130. (b) 131. (d) 132. (c) 133. (c) 134. (a) 135. (c) 136. (d)
137. (d) 138. (a) 139. (d) 140. (d) 141. (b) 142. (c) 143. (a)