Waterfall Model
Description:
- A linear and sequential approach to software development.
- Each stage must be completed before moving to the next.
Tasks:
1. Analysis: Gather requirements and define what the program
should do.
2. Design: Plan how the program will be structured and how it
will work.
3. Coding: Write the actual code for the program.
4. Testing: Check the program for errors and ensure it works as
intended.
5. Maintenance: Fix any issues and update the program as
needed.
Advantages:
- Easy to manage and understand.
- Each stage has clear deliverables.
- Works well for small projects with well-known requirements.
Disadvantages:
- Difficult to make changes once a stage is completed.
- Not suitable for projects where requirements may change.
- A working program is only available late in the process.
Iterative Model
Description:
- Develops a simple version of the program first, then improves it through repeated cycles.
- Each cycle allows for adjustments based on feedback.
Tasks:
1. Analysis: Define major requirements.
2. Design: Create a basic design for the initial version.
3. Coding: Write the code for the initial version.
4. Testing: Test the initial version and gather feedback.
5. Repeat: Use feedback to refine and enhance the program in subsequent iterations.
Advantages:
- Working versions are available early in the process.
- Easier to test and debug smaller parts of the program.
- High customer involvement ensures fewer surprises at the end.
Disadvantages:
- Requires good planning to break down the system into manageable parts.
- Needs a clear definition of the overall system from the start.
- Not suitable for very simple projects.
Rapid Application Development (RAD) Model
Description:
- Focuses on quickly developing prototypes and getting user feedback.
- Different parts of the program are developed simultaneously.
Tasks:
1. Analysis: Gather requirements quickly.
2. Design: Create prototypes for user feedback.
3. Coding: Write code for the prototypes.
4. Testing: Test prototypes and gather user input.
5. Repeat: Refine prototypes based on feedback until the final product is ready.
Advantages:
- Fast development and frequent user feedback.
- High customer involvement throughout the process.
- Flexible to changes in requirements during development.
Disadvantages:
- Requires skilled developers and strong teamwork.
- Needs the system to be modular for effective development.
- Not suitable for small, simple projects.
