0 ratings0% found this document useful (0 votes) 89 views58 pagesDSP Module 1 Notes
Digital signal processing
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content,
claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
x Digital Sigel Signal Process casing (A64I6) *
Course Outlomes °
: Interpret he concepte oy discrete tine signals
and discrete time ystems
co-2 + Analyze iscxete time signals andl 4ystemd tn
Frequency clomain vding vanious trantfom techniqies .
co-3 : Zdentify he Atablity of didcnete time 4ystem «
Resign and plementation of cligtel fi lt ert
(FIR and zrR)
co-h:
Co-5 : Implement 5p algoxi Bond uding one of the
Aimulation tool (Matlab/ octave) - ee
Module - 1 =
4 Introduction, 1 wigital Signal Processing *
rhe signal Wa aH physicah yootity
which cavues He topo unig tion
© signal °
fxlratting the rforriation
© signal Processing -
from the Argnak
b> chenying the characteurt'cs of the Algrah 4
called Argnal Processing «
° Analog signal Processing *
veealog Asp wralog
a4) ee
* pigital eSignal Paocessing :
* Rebresentation Of Aiscnete time Atynals °
7 Discnete 4, A ted
mi i yn en
ime galt Can be epnes in:
: Graphical sepa esantation
Fun t
: une tinal nepaesenta tia
Tahulan thn es entation
D Sequence nepretentation aC-2) 2-1
a(-1)7 0
x(0)> |}
a(n 2
x(x)? 3
he amplitude between Me two succeHive
aime intervals 6 Undefined.
* Functional Rep nesentation :
a(n): ~T nek
fe) neo!
\ neo Simplest fovea
2 nel 0} repnestal ation
3 ne 2
a(n) 2 m4) -25n42) abbroprrate
2 0 che 5 bore -
& Tabulan Representation :
al
oO
[in | -3 | -2
| xr) o |-!
THE)
4 oS equence Rep nesentatioo *
x(n) * f-1,0,1,2,35
n+0 * Bodie ssigenls
O Impulse signal ° bln)
Sin) = 1 770 ‘
20 n#0 a ———>
poo
@ step Signal ' un)
U(n)z 1 n=O ll
z oO nn
® Sinuboideh Signal .
X(n) 2 410 (Won) he) Tp
+ Clasifration of dacute 4 time Argoal :
Puesete time s'gnali ane clamified into:
© Cautal ard nlon- Causal Agnel
@ Bree end oak aignals Caymmetne & ohiyront””
Aigvals)
9 Prrtoche and apart oie agree
® Energy and Power Ai gnal . [0 Causal cael NlOr- Gausal Signal
ler po cletenete bine signal i sad + be causal
| of fb es ena te only bon fosirh've time inhtent ,
| one
| a(n) 2 0 n The discrete time signal x(n) 4 Aaid 4to be
even tp tt satupies he Gndi'tion ,
+ the discrete time Aignal x(n) 4 4aud to be
odd if if satafu he Gndition,
a(n) z - x(-n)
Finding ever and odd Components :
a(n) 2 %e(n) + %lN) —* ©
even » Xe(n)2 Xe (-9) > @
odd 2) X(N) 2-% (-N) +®
Abn) + %e(-n) + tol-9) |
es fur @ EO Cy
a(-n)2 ln) - %n) > @
© +@
Xn) + Helm) + HolAS
% 0) tn) + rein) - TKA)
‘ XO) + X69) 2 9 Hen)
[70 = xed seCAD]
© -@
X(n) + AelnJ + ton)
(9 X60) 2 Akh) ~ Holo)
eee
Hn) -xX(=n) 2 2 Aon)
Holm) > x(n X(-9)
2
peo » x(n) = (=n)
z
Bg: check wheter the $iven dcacrete time 47
H(n) & even on odd and atio pnd evr ™
Odd components of Ke argnal
a(n) = €°”
a: tven &» dln) 2 0°?
tl-n) 2 @7°9
a(n) # Xn) Pr
odd =» x(n) 2 6°”?
-X(-n) + -e
50
A(n) ¢ ~x(-n)
Bigral UX not a odd Aignal
Given 4igral uf nether even won odd 4igrak
Helv) 2 x(n) + #0)
Xn) + alm) - (=n)
2
2 5 zs
77 6777s dd Gamporent -
z&
xn) = Utn) -(ua-deheck odd on cven -
Given, x(n) 2 Uln) - u(n-1)
even Al) « un) -uln-1) |
tl-n) >» ul-n)- E(-N-O
xin) # x)
odd 3 x(n) 2 Utn).~uln-1) |
2) etlen) » - Un) tun)
atin) # -24(-n)
Giver Argo ok 4 nether even non odd Argnal
Hein) 2 a(n) + XN)
2
utn) —u(n 1) 4G) = u(-n-1)
ef rrr
2 Comporent
z doin) 2 tlm) = X{=n)
&£
2 uln) - ulm-1) — un) + Ul-n~\)
z 7 dy
oy: X(n) + nia. check whe ther even ., a
af even Dd (m2 NB
Xl-n) > n*-2
X(n) 2 X(-n)
odd ~t0n) 1 -n*42
a(n) 2 nr 2
Ain) # -x(-n)
Given aiqnel Ww? ho Ar grel
Ae(n) 2 x(n) +X(-9)
2
neo antag
a
2
Zz 7 ND even Component
Aotn)e | t= a eae o
2
7 0 4) edd Gubonent G e@nengg ond Power cbignals :
> Gnugy of a duscrete time Argral (X(nr)) 4
evaluated by ,
fe z | «¢
;e&r a anon
kee nce
> mienage Powstr ,
jis 3
P+ it onan
ne
b>» 7 the AAC nete bine Argoak atn) 4 sad to
be wmegy signal jf (le eneigy E« boite
Gnd power P20.
+ op clucnete Aime signal a(n) 4 sacl to be
power Algoak tL (tA Power iu pate Pe horte
and anngg u fopocky E+
— 4 the above 2 Condihort ane bated ten he
Aigoal merthen enogg non pew
gg: Gheck cwhether the following Alans One
enengy Argnald on power 4 -
ho xn) 2 Gum
ag: Ez s. [atv]?
=
e+ Zl Pum)’
2 fant”
ee & (#) '
e- 2 GY
!
es We Zz ace > froite Ps (t +— 5 [| an)\?
oe
pe te I EG)”
Po ate Ut = (A
Noo Nt! =a
iat ete oa Ay
‘As
Pe S
(- 2) « 0
ie
P20
Given 4tgnal wu ao energy Aoqrel
i, tiny 2 eS LEAN+ %J
5
ad E€: Z |x(n)]*
; MQ ye
€2 2 (ef CEm HE)
c.f dgoemy"
—_~_————
Ne 209
!
a. *
€ Oooo S|
to
nee
€ tofinety
fie Fl tis
N
Nee 2Al+ | G I acny]® Given signal ik @ power Aignal as
the enengy uw inperty 4 power wu bole .
@ Pouiodic apd periodic Arynal ;
> o discnete tine signal x60) ut sad +o be
periodic th t datupes ,
x(n)» £(n+Nn)
whore N-— perwod o) the Aligned -
The minimum value op N which datufres te
| above Goditon 4 Called fundamental time
period (Ne) -
det ain) 2 Ain wn
>
A( nen) 2 sin w(h+Nn)
Xin). t(n+n)
siown 7 Sin wlr+n)
the Gnditon jAatspes tf wrle 2xnm
Ni 2% om
Ww si N dt thizgog he? given sige Ls
+ a otis fey,
ohewis ¢ peso a
pian) 410 8KN
wd | we 3X
N> 22.
w
| N > 2% 1m
} aK
Ne 2 mM.> Pewlodvic
3
mom:3 2» N22 Chundamental tin. vad,
be a(n) 2 San 4% z)
| ad: Ws Iz
i 3
| N, 2% im
| 7*
No ben
=
Dt om: 5 DD N26
Given a qoal a pertoche signed wrth
the fundemental time pervod 6
Ml, a(n) 2 bia an
adh wr #
No 22
:
No possibilty ty get fotegen fon eny
“Given tonal 4 apewooke wargnal° iv. xn)
04 (2% x in (BRO
(Ene E) van O59
as Xin) ata (o>
| %(n) « Cs (2%n+Z)
3 Ej
We 2x
3
Nop 3% 1m
| 2K
zs
Ni gm @ N73
Ay_Cn) 2 so (4 ny
| WwW. 3%
2
N.
aan
Bx
2
N
4im. Nod
3
Total Jundamental period
uw dem of 344
of) ey
uy 12
Gwen Aiqod wu a peuoche Arqoal
wi tA
the fundamental time perod uo 12.
* Riscrete time Systems |
24/2) 4
> The group of Componente % called ys tem, Pxn9(essor
and system ane bo similar.
+ System s4 a physical device wohich change
tHe chat-
actoushecs of input signal. (re tear fove
operat)
input + output
x(n)
>)
HO) Cony eT (ttm) nae > Huscnete time system Can be Mes ni he
ways .
O Aifference equation
@ pulse Responte .
% alassification oh Hescnete time Sy stend
Descnete tie Sys tens are Clastifped nf,
@ statece § dynaniie sys few
@ Bautal € Non - Causal 4ysten »
@ hinean § non- kinean system.
@ Time tovanant and! time Vauant dysten
© Stable ancl unstable system. Xin) ~
© FIR and IrR flew oe
FIR - Finite repulse Response *°th)
yin) -
Yin ele
yloak
IIR ~ Lofinite rupube Reponse .
ture y
P
* Static ancl Dynamic System :
> Static aysten ane called Memory (eH ys t ent
Dynamic systenn ane Called Mernory Aypiben
>A cisenele time Aysten v3 Baid to be dtatic
Ou renroryg le Ayttenr if the nesponse 0} he
Apten yn) ts adefenclt on present ip sampleri
be, crete fine Ags teen i datd to dynanc
On mero ory Aysten th the nesponse of *%
Apter Ylo) 4 clepencls on present ‘Jp | ob
topat sampled. y(n) > Xln) = eSstatic system .
Yor) 2 Hn) - Blatic Ays tern
y(n) + Xin) + RX(m-1)_ Dynamic Ay tenn
tr
y(n) 2 X(n?2) — Aynanie systern
y(n) 2 X(-n) _ Ayn aa A ys tenn .
“eawsal and Non- Causal ssyitern :
wm estnete time systen 1s Bard -- be Causal
syste tf tts nesponse Yln) dlepencls en present
(fp aoc past input stgeabs Samples
gy: Ylr) 2 ln) tax(n-1) | y(n) + %7Cn) .
causal aysten if ita nesporde ln) Us clependt
|
| mo duscnete time 4ys ten wu datd to be non-
, on all input samples -
Bye glr)d2 al-n) , y(n) 2 xX (m2)
. £tnean aod Non - = dinean aSsysteco :
a Ad CHete time © Aystene a Aud + be Linear
ib ott satispres super pedthon punuple, otherwise
he syste Non -Lnean,
> Superpasi fun puouple 6 4 Combination of 2
proprties 2 O Homogen tty
@ ardldi tivity .
i> Homo genity 2
x(n) <—> ¥ln)
ax (n) <> 4 yn)
? wade ivinty :
Cn) <> An)
