PAST PERFECT
Câu khẳng định Câu phủ định Câu nghi vấn
S + had + P2. S + hadn’t + P2. Had + S + P2 ?
Ví dụ: Ví dụ: Trả lời: Yes, S + had.
– He had gone out when I came into – hadn’t = had not No, S + hadn’t.
the house.
Ví dụ: Ví dụ:
– They had finished their work right
– She hadn’t come home when I got there – Had the film ended when you arrived at
before the deadline last week.
the cinema?
– They hadn’t finished their lunch when I
saw them. -Yes, it had./ No, it hadn’t
Cách dùng
1. Hành động, sự việc đã xảy ra và kết thúc trước một thời điểm trong quá khứ(mốc thời gian cụ
thể trong quá khứ-có giờ/năm).
Eg: We had lived in Hue before 1975.
I had turned off my TV set before 9 o’clock last night.
2. Hành động xảy ra trước: QKHT ; hành động xảy ra sau: QKĐ
QKHT before QKĐ/ before qkđ, qkht
QKĐ after QKHT/ after qkht, qkđ
After the children (finish) their homework, they (go) to bed. -> had finished, went
I (brush) my teeth before I (go) to bed. -> had brushed, went
3. Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra và kéo dài đến một thời điểm nào đó trong quá khứ.
QKHT by/by the time QKĐ(mốc tgian/mệnh đề:S+V_ed)
By the time + QKĐ, QKHT
By the the time I (meet) you I (work) in that company for 5 years.->
I (brush) my teeth by the time I (go) to bed. ->
QKHT được dùng sau “WHEN” -> nhấn mạnh V1 đã hoàn thành trước V2 bắt đầu.
Eg: When I arrived, the lesson had already started.
QKHT có thể được dùng với as soon as/ till/ until
Eg: I went out as soon as:ngay khi I had finished my homework.
I didn’t go out till/ until: cho đến khi I had finished my work.
by + trạng từ của quá khứ: tính đến …
Ví dụ: By the end of last month, we had worked here for 20 years.
Dấu hiệu nhận biết thì quá khứ hoàn thành
A) Các từ nhận biết
Until then, by the time, prior to that time, before, after, for, as soon as, by, …
Before, after, when by, by the time, by the end of + time in the past …
Ví dụ:
Before I went to school, my mother had packed me a lunch.
By the time they broke up, they had lived with each other for 3 years.
He hadn’t recognized it until i told him.
No sooner… than…
Đây là cấu trúc đảo ngữ chỉ dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành. Công thức:
No sooner + had + Chủ ngữ 1 + Động từ 1 (V3/V-ed) + than + Chủ ngữ 2 + Động từ 2 (V2/V-ed)
Chủ ngữ 1 vừa làm gì thì chủ ngữ 2 làm việc khác ngay. Ví dụ:
No sooner had Linda closed this door than her friend knocked. (Linda vừa mới đóng cửa thì bạn của cô ấy
gõ cửa.)
No sooner had we opened the shop than ten customers came into. (Chúng tôi vừa mới mở cửa hàng thì có
10 người khách đã bước vào.)
Hardly/Barely/Scarcely … when …
Đây là cấu trúc đảo ngữ chỉ dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành. Cấu trúc này đồng nghĩa với cấu trúc No
sooner… than… Công thức:
Barely/Hardly/Scarcely + had + Chủ ngữ 1 + Động từ 1 (V3/V-ed) + when + Chủ ngữ 2 + Động từ 2
(V2/V-ed)
Chủ ngữ 1 vừa làm gì thì chủ ngữ 2 làm việc khác ngay.
Lưu ý: Chủ ngữ 1 và chủ ngữ 2 có thể giống hoặc khác nhau.
Ví dụ:
Hardly had we gone out when it rained. (Chúng tôi vừa mới ra ngoài đi chơi thì trời mưa.)
Bài 1. Chia động từ cho sẵn theo dạng đúng thì quá khứ hoàn thành
1. When David came, everybody had left (leave).
2. He had already watched (already/watch) the movie, so he wouldn’t want to see it again. (want to
V: muốn làm gì)
3. My kids didn’t eat anything at the party because they had eaten (eat) dinner at home.
4. The motorbike burned just after it had crashed (crash) into the tree.
crash into st = collided with = bump into
5. John hadn’t completed (not/complete) his homework by=before the deadline, so he called his
teacher to tell that he would submit it late. Call for sb to V: gọi cho ai để làm gì; tell sb to V
6. She didn’t cry because she had known (know) the truth.
7. The tornado destroyed the tent that we (build) had built.
8. She (not / be) hadn’t been to Hanoi before 2018.
9. The nurse took off the plaster that she (put on) had put on six weeks before.
Take off = remove= take away= left; take off sth, often clothing; (plane) cất cánh=depart:khởi
hành >< land: hạ cánh
put sb on; put on st:
10. The waitress:nữ phục vụ/ waiter brought a drink that I (not / order) hadn’t ordered .
11. I could not remember the song we (learn) had leanred/learnt three week before.
12. The children collected mangos that (fall) had fallen from the tree.
Bài 2. Viết lại câu dựa vào những từ cho sẵn, kết hợp thì quá khứ đơn và quá khứ hoàn thành
1. David had gone home before we arrived.
→ Afterwe arrived, David had gone home.
2. We had lunch then we took a look around the shops.
→ Before we took ____, we had lunch
3. The light had gone out before we got out of the office.
→ When we got out ____, the light had ____.
4. After she had explained everything clearly, we started our work.
→ By the time we started our work, she had ------.
5. My father had watered all the plants in the garden by the time my mother came home.
→ Before my mother came home, my father had watered ----…………….
Bài 3 : Khoanh tròn dạng đúng của động từ ở thì quá khứ đơn hoặc quá khứ hoàn thành sau cho
phù hợp với ngữ cảnh câu
1. The robbers=thief left/ had left the bank when the policemen finally arrived/ had arrived.
2. When the rain started/ had started, the Atkinsons finished/ had finished planting trees.
3. By the time Rebecca went/ had gone into the store, she got/ had got soaked.
Soak into/in/through:thấm qua cgi/ vd: the rain had soaked through his coat.
4. Darcey saw/ had seen this castle before she came/ had come again last Sunday.
5. Mr.Palmer didn’t speak/ hadn’t spoken any Chinese before he moved/ had moved to Peking.
6. Sonny got / had got fainted by the time the ambulance reached/ had reached the hospital.
Faint = weak: ; ambulance【ˈæm-bjə-ləns】: xe cứu thương, xe cấp cứ
7. When my mother brought/ had brought me an apple, I finished/ had finished my homework.
8. Mrs.Wilkinson refused/ had refused to drive the car because she had/ had had a terrible accident on
the highway about a year ago.
Refuse to V: từ chối làm gì
9. I didn’t think/ hadn’t thought of having a new house before I saw/ had seen that ad=advertisment on
TV.
10. My uncle didn’t try/ hadn’t tried Italian food before went/ had gone to that restaurant.
Try to V: cố gắng, nỗ lực làm gì = attempt to V(TL,HT) # try V-ing: thử làm một việc gì đó
Bài 4 : Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở thì quá khứ đơn hoặc quá khứ hoàn thành
1. After I had posted the letter, I realised that I had written the wrong address on it. (POST,
REALISE, WRITE)
2. John asked me where I had been the day before. (BE)
3. At this time yesterday, we had already walked for 6 km. (ALREADY WALK)
4. When I walked through the streets of Madrid, I had thought about the magnificent time=wonderful
time I had spent there as a student. (WALK, THINK, SPEND)
5. It was the first time that she had invited me to dinner. (INVITE)
6. As soon as the maid had finished scrubbing the kitchen floor, she started working in the garden.
(FINISH, START)
7. We started to worry about Jimmy because we had called him all afternoon.
(CALL)
worry about st/sb/ V-ing= concern about: lo lắng về ai/cgi/việc; start to V: bắt đầu làm gì
8. They had already made their way out of town before the sun rose.
(ALREADY MAKE, RISE)
9. We had driven for two hours when we finally got to our hotel. (DRIVE)
10. When I arrived home, I saw that the children had left
(ARRIVE, LEAVE)
Bài 5 : Hoàn thành đoạn văn sau bằng cách chia động từ ở chỗ trống
Until a few years ago, no one had heard (hear) of Harry Potter, the young wizard and hero of the
children’s book Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone. The writer, J K Rowling, (2).had already
written. (already / write) several stories and books, but this was the first book that was published. She
(3)got (get) the idea for the story of a wizard at magic school while she (4)was travelling (travel) on a
train to London. By the time the train (5).reached (reach) King’s Cross station, she (6)had invented
(invent) most of the characters:nhân vật. When the book was published in 1997, no one (7) imagined(v)
V-ing: tưởng tượng làm gì đó (imagine) it would be such a tremendous=incredible= fabulous=
magnificent success, but it quickly 8became (become) a bestseller. While millions of young readers in
many countries (9) were enjoying (enjoy) her first Harry Potter book, J K Rowling (10) was thinking
(think) of ideas for the next book in this incredibly=extremely popular series.
