Lecture Notes Application of ICT

Application of ICT
Cloud storage
E mail
Internet

The University of the Punjab, Lahore

Submitted by : M Abdullah Amin

G-Mail : [email protected]
Submitted to : Miss Dr. Sanam Ahmad

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Lecture Notes Application of ICT

Table of contents

What is Static and Dynamics Data?----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3

 Static data------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3
 Dynamic data-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
What is Websites and Web pages?-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3
 Websites------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
 Web pages----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
What is Web server and Web browser?-------------------------------------------------------------------------------3
 Web server----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
 Web browser-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
What is Program?-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
Program----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
What is Computer?------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
Computer--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
What is Software and Describe Types of Software?----------------------------------------------------------------5
Software---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
1. System Software-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5
Types of System Software------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
2. Application Software------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
Types of Application Software--------------------------------------------------------------------------------6
What is Hardware?------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
Hardware--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
Types of Hardware Device----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6
Hardware Resource use Particularly for Memory------------------------------------------------------------------- 7
Memory----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7
1. Volatile Memory------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7
2. Non-volatile Memory-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7

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Lecture Notes

What is Static and Dynamics Data?

 Static data
Static data is data that does not change once it is created.
Example:
Websites

 Dynamic data
Dynamic data refer to data that can changed or updated in real-time or during execution of
program.
Example:
Web-pages

What is Websites and Web pages?

 Websites
Websites is a collection of related by web pages that are typically accessible through internet.
Websites are hosted on web server and can be accessed using web browsers such as Google Chrome,
Edge and Firefox.

 Web page
Web page is a single document on the Internet that is accessible through web browser. Web
page is written in Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). HTML is used to create web pages and
web application.

What is Web server and Web browser?

 Web server
Web server is a software that is used to store information (web page) for the user on the
internet.

 Web browser
A software which is used to search and view web page is called web browser.
Examples:
 Google Chrome
 Edge

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Lecture Notes Application of ICT
 Firefox

What is Program?
Program
Program is a set of instructions which execute on computer devices.
Example:

Out put is 90000

Working of this Program
This program according to following steps:
1. Create variable name “max”.
2. Assign the first number from the collection to my variable “max”.
3. Iterate collection from 2nd till last element.
4. In each iterate compare element with value store in “max”. If element is greater than “max”
variable.
5. Assign element value to the “max” variable.

What is Computer?
Computer
A computer is a machine that can be programmed to accept data, process data into use information,
give results and store it for later use. A computer can understand only machine language.

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The computer consists of Hardware and Software.

 Hardware
The physical parts of computers are called hardware. The user can see and touch hardware.
Hardware cannot perform any task without software.
Example: Mouse, Keyboard etc.
 Software
A set of instructions given to the computer to solve a problem is called software. Software is
also called Program. The user cannot touch software. Software cannot be executed without
hardware.
Example: Operating system

What is Software and Describe Types of Software?

Software
A set of instructions given to the computer to solve a problem is called software. Software is also
called Program. Different software's are used to solve different problems. A computer works according
to the instructions written in software.
Types of Software
The major types of computers include:
 System software
 Application software

1. System Software
System software is a set of programs to control and manage the operations of computer hardware. It
controls the usage and allocation of different hardware components. It also controls the basic operation as
follows:
 Saving data on disk
 Making computer to work for us

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Lecture Notes Application of ICT
 Printing a document
Examples of System Software
 Operating system
 Utility programs
 Device drivers

Types of System Software

1. Operating System
An operating system is software that is used to control and manage the hardware devices connected
with computer devices and control the execution of all types of program. Computer not works without
operating system.
Example
 Linux
 Unix
 Mac OS
2. Utility Programs
Design to help manage and control computer resource, performs specific task that enhance the
performance of computer and facilities the management of hardware and software.
3. Device Driver
Device driver is a software that allows the operating system and application to communicate with the
hardware device.
4. Firmware
Firmware is a software that is embedded directly into hardware devices to control their functions.

2. Application Software
Application software is used to perform various applications on the computer. It helps a computer
user to perform specific tasks. People use application software according to their needs.
Examples of Application Software
 Word processor such as MS Word
 Spreadsheet such as MS Excel

Types of Application Software

1. Desktop Application
Desktop application is a software program to run directly on a desktop or laptop computer.
2. Mobile Application
Mobile application is a software program developed specially to run on mobile devices such as
smartphones and tablets.
3. Web Application
Web application is a software program that works over a web browser and accessed
through the internet.

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What is Hardware?
Hardware
The physical parts of computers are called hardware. The user can see and touch hardware.
Hardware cannot perform any task without software.
Examples:
 Mouse
 Keyboard etc.

Types of Hardware Device

1. Input Devices
The data that is given to the computer is called input. Input devices are used to input
data into a computer. Most commonly used input devices are keyboard and mouse.
2. Output Devices
The data processed into useful information is called output. Output devices are used to
display the result of processing. The most common output devices are monitor, LED and
printer.
3. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
The processor is used to process data. It is also called Processing Device. It is the
brain of a computer. It consists of an electronic circuit.
4. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) is a part of CPU that performs arithmetic and logical
operations. Actual executions of instructions take place in this part.
5. Graphic processing unit (GPU)
Graphic processing unit (GPU) is a specialized electronic circuit designed to
accelerate the processing of image and video.

Hardware Resource use Particularly for Memory

Memory
Memory is used to store program and data being used.
Types of Memory:
They are two type of memory.
 Volatile memory
 Non -volatile memory

1. Volatile Memory
Volatile memory is used to store data and instruction temporarily. It is also called
Primary memory or RAM. It is measured in nanosecond microsecond and millisecond.
Examples:
 Cache
Cache is the high speed and temporarily memory that keeps copies of frequently used
data so that your computer can access it quickly.

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 Register
Register is a high speed and small memory in CPU. It is used to store data and
instruction temporary. Data is stored in register from main memory for execution.

2. Non-volatile Memory
Non-volatile memory is used to store programs and data permanently. It is also called
secondary memory or ROM.
Examples:
 HD (Hard Disk)
 SSD (Solid State Drive). no moving part
SSDs store data in flash memory, while HDDs store data in magnetic disks.
Software working The process can vary slightly depending on your
operating system
An IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is a software
application that provides comprehensive tools for software
development in a single interface. It is designed to make
programming easier by offering features like code editing,
compiling, debugging, and testing all in one place.

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