DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, OSMANIA UNIVERSITY

REVISED SYLLABUS FOR M.Sc. (PHYSICS)

III SEMESTER
With effect from the academic year 2023 – 2024onwards

S.No Paper Paper Paper title Instructions Max

code Hrs / Week Credits Marks
1. P301T Core Paper- I Modern Optics 3 3 100*
2 P302T Core Paper- II Advanced solid state physics 3 3 100*

Solid State Physics(SSP)

3 P303T/SSP Elective Paper- I Band Theory & electrical 3 3 100*
Properties
4 P304T/SSP Elective Paper - II Crystal Physics and Physics of 3 3 100*
Phonons
Materials Science (MS)
5 P303T/MS Elective Paper- I Mechanical Properties of 3 3 100*
materials
6 P304T/MS Elective Paper - II Thin films and their properties 3 3 100*

Electronics& Instrumentation (E&I)

7 P303T/EI Elective Paper- I Electronic Instrumentation 3 3 100*
8 P304T/EI Elective Paper - II Embedded Systems and its 3 3 100*
applications
Nano Science (NS)
9 P303T/NS Elective Paper- I Synthesis and Characterization 3 3 100*
of Nanomaterials
10 P304T/NS Elective Paper - II Properties of Nanomaterials 3 3 100*
Electronics Communications (EC)
11 P303T/EC Elective Paper- I 8051 Microcontroller &its 3 3 100*
applications
12 P304T/EC Elective Paper - II Data and Computer 3 3 100*
communications
Bio Physics (BP)
13 P303T/BP Elective Paper- I Molecular and Environmental 3 3 100*
Biophysics
14 P304T/BP Elective Paper - II Physico-chemical techniques in 3 3 100*
Biophysics
Condensed Matter Physics (CMP)
15 P303T/CMP Elective Paper- I Lattice Dynamics in Crystals 3 3 100*
16 P304T/CMP Elective Paper - II Optical Phenomena in Solids 3 3 100*
Opto Electronics (OE)
17 P303T/OE Elective Paper- I Introduction to optoelectronics 3 3 100*
18 P304T/OE Elective Paper - II Semiconductor Optoelectronics 3 3 100*

PRACTICALS
19 P 305P V General Physics lab 4 2 50
20 P 306P VI Special lab 8 4 100
Seminar 2 50
Total 20 600

Applied Electronics (AE) Credits Marks

21 P301T/AE Core Paper- I Digital System Design 3 3 100*
22 P302T/AE Core Paper- II Digital signal processing and 3 3 100*
digital signal processors
23 P303T/AE Elective Paper- I Data communication and 3 3 100*
networking
24 P304T/AE Elective Paper - II Microcontroller and 3 3 100*
applications
PRACTICALS
25 V Analog/Digital/Microcontroller 8 4 100
P 305P
Lab
26 P 306P VI DSP Lab 4 2 50
Seminar 2 50
20 600

Details of credits and marks

Number instruction hours per each theory paper per week 3
Maximum marks for each theory paper 100( 70 semester exam + 30
internal evaluation)
Number of credits for each theory paper 3
Number instruction hours per each practical paper per week 8/4
Maximum Marks per each practical paper 100/50
Number credits per each practical paper 4/2
Total Credits per semester 20
 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, OSMANIA UNIVERSITY
M.Sc. (Physics) - Semester-III Syllabus
(For the batch admitted from 2023-2024 onwards)
Core Paper – I(Common for all Specializations)

Course Code Course Title L T P C

P-301T MODERN OPTICS 3 0 0 3
Course Objectives: This course enables the students:
COB1 To identify conditions for lasing phenomenon and properties of the laser.
COB2 To classify different types of lasers with respect to design and working principles.
COB3 To understand the basics of holograms and able to differentiate between holography and
Photography.
COB4 To understand the concept of Fourier transforming properties of lenses.
COB5 To understand the concept of non-linear optical process in which photons of intense incoming
laser radiation interact with a non-linear material and how radiation with corresponding
harmonic frequencies are generated.
Course Outcomes: After the completion of this course the student will be:
COC1 Able to evaluate conditions for lasing phenomenon and properties of the laser.
COC2 Able to appraise different type of lasers with respect to design and working principles.
COC3 Able to identify the parameters which differentiate holograms from photographs
COC4 Able to distinguish between various types of holograms and to analyze the different parameters
of holographic recording materials.
COC5 Able to evaluate intensity dependent material properties like refractive indices, optical mixing
and self-focussing of light.

Unit I: Lasers: Emission and absorption of Radiation, Einstein Relations, pumping Mechanisms, Optical
feedback, Laser Rate equations for two, three and four level lasers, pumping threshold conditions, Laser
modes of rectangular cavity, Properties of Laser beams. He- Ne, CO2 Gas lasers, Excimer laser, Ruby,
Nd-YAG laser and their applications.

Unit II: Holography: Basic Principles of Holography- Recording of amplitude and phase, the recording
medium, reconstruction of original wave front, image formation by wave front reconstruction, Gabor
Hologram, limitations of Gabor Hologram, Off axis Hologram, Fourier transform Holograms, Volume
Holograms, Applications of Holograms- Spatial frequency filtering.

Unit III: Fourier and Non-Linear Optics: Fourier optics- Thin lens as phase transformation, Thickness
function, Fourier transforming properties of lenses, Object placed in front of the lens, Object placed
behind the lens.
Non-Linear Optics, Harmonic generation, Second harmonic generation, Phase matching condition,
Optical mixing, Parametric generation of light, Self focusing of light.

Recommended Books:
1. Opto Electronics- An Introduction–Wilson & JFB Hawkes 2nd Edition.
2. Introduction to Fourier optics –J.W. Goodman
3. Lasers and Non-Linear optics –B.B. Laud
4. Optical Electronics –Ghatak and Thyagarajan.
5. Principles of Lasers –O. Svelto
6. Laser fundamentals Silfvast Cambridge
 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, OSMANIA UNIVERSITY
M.Sc. (Physics) - Semester-III Syllabus
(For the batch admitted from 2023-2024 onwards)
Core Paper –II (Common for all Specializations)

Course Code Course Title L T P C

P-302T ADVANCED SOLID STATE PHYSICS 3 0 0 3

Course Objectives: This course enables the students:

COB1 To understand the electronic properties of metals by studying the Brillouin zones and Fermi
surfaces.
COB2 To study the effect of electric and magnetic fields on Fermi surfaces in metals.
COB3 To understand the basic concept of Dielectrics and Magnetic properties of solids and different
types of polarizabilities, ferroelectrics and their properties.
COB4 To understand the classification of magnetic materials and the theories to explain
Ferromagnetism, Anti-ferromagnetism and Ferri-magnetism and their applications.
COB5 To study the superconductivity and their properties and to understand theories to explain the
superconductivity and their applications.
Course Outcomes: After the completion of this course the student will be:
COC1 Able tounderstand and gain the knowledge of electrical, dielectric and magnetic properties of
solids and superconductivity and its applications.
COC2 Able to construct the Brillouin zones and Fermi surfaces and to identify the energy bands in
solids.
COC3 Able to distinguish different types of polarizabilities and their behavior in AC fields and to
classify the ferroelectric materials and their properties
COC4 Able to identify different types of magnetic materials and their applications.
COC5 Able to understand superconductivity its properties and applications.

Unit I: Electronic Properties: Introduction to band theory of solids. Fermi surface and
Brillouin zones.Construction of Fermi surfaces. Extended, periodic and reduced zone schemes.
Fermi surfaces in simple cubic, bcc and fcc lattices. Effect of electric and magnetic fields on
Fermi surfaces.Anomalous and skin effects.Cyclotron frequency, energy levels and density of
states in magnetic field, De Haas-van Alphen effect.

Unit II: Dielectrics and Magnetic properties of solids: Introduction to Dielectrics, Concept of
local field. The electronic, ionic and orientationalpolarizabilities.Clausius-Mosotti
relation.Behavior of dielectrics in an alternating field, Classification of ferroelectrics- Ba TiO3
and KDP.Theory of ferroelectrics, ferroelectric hysteresis.

Origin of permanent magnetic moment, Spontaneous magnetization,Weiss theory of spontaneous

magnetization.Nature and origin of Weiss molecular field, Heisenberg exchange interaction.Spin
waves, Ferromagnetic domains and hysteresis.The Bloch wall, Neel’s theory of anti-
ferromagnetism.Ferrimagnetism, ferrites and their applications.
Unit III: Superconductivity: Introduction to type-I and type-II superconductors,Isotope effect,
entropy, heat capacity and thermal conductivity. Energy gap, London equations, penetration
depth, Coherence length, Cooper pairs and elements of BCS theory, BCS ground state.Giaver
tunneling, DC and AC Josephson effects.SQUID,Elements of high temperature superconductors
and applications.

Recommended Books:

1.Solid State Physics --A.J.Deckker

2.Introduction to Solid State Physics --Kittel
3.Solid State Physics --R.L.Singhal
4.Elements of Solid State Physics --J.P.Srivastava
5.Solid State Physics --M.A.Wahab
 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, OSMANIA UNIVERSITY
M.Sc. (Physics) - Semester-III Syllabus
(For the batch admitted from 2023-2024 onwards)
Elective Paper –I

Course Code Course Title L T P C

P-303T/SSP BAND THEORY AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES 3 0 0 3

Course Objectives: This course enables the students:

COB1 To understanding the structure of crystals structures with examples, and the study of Energy
versus wave vector relations.
COB2 To define Brillouin zones in one, two and three dimensions and how the density of states are
distributed and to understand the energy versus wave vector representations in in one, two and
three dimensions.
COB3 To understand the behavior of an electron in cellular method, APW method, Pseudo potential
method, OPW method and the studying the variation of energy with momentum vector in the
above mentioned methods.
COB4 To understand the transport properties of semiconductors and metals limited by
electric current density J in the presence of electric field.
COB5 To understand the electrical conduction from the hopping of electrons from one site to another
site in the crystal.
Course Outcomes: After the completion of this course the student will be:
COC1 It enables the students to understand the structure of crystals in 1, 2 and 3 dimensions. It also
helps to understand the variation of energy (E) of an electron with its moment vector (K). E vs K
variation is not linear but is discontinuous at the boundaries of the Brillouin zones defined as
first, second, third etc. separated by certain values of K. .
COC2 Able to determine the quantities such as such as electrical conductivity, current density for an
electron in the presence of electric field.
COC3 Able to determine the electrical conduction is from the hopping of electrons from one site to
another site in hoppers or electron transfer materials.
COC4 Able to identify the phenomena of conductivity in ionic crystals are due to the movement of ions
from one site to another site.
COC5 Able to understand the structures of α-AgI and β-alumina unit cell and the defects present in their
structures and the properties of super ionic conductors.

Unit I : Band Theory Of Solids : Brillouin zones.- Brillouin zones in one, two and three
dimensions., Density of states, Extended, reduced and periodic zone schemes; Nearly free
electron model, Tight binding approximation and its application to simple cubic lattice,
Calculation of energy bands- Cellular method, APW method, Pseudo potential method, OPW
method.

Unit II : Transport Phenomenon In Metals: The Boltzmann transport equation, Electrical

conductivity, Definition and experimental features – The Drude Lorentz theory, The Sommerfeld
theory- Calculation of the relaxation time, The electrical conductivity at low temperatures,
Matheissen’s rule, Thermal conductivity, Wiedemann-Franz law, Hall-effect-Hall coefficient and
Hall angle.

Unit III : Electrical Transport Properties of Insulators : Hopping conduction; Temperature

variation of electrical conductivity; Seebeck coefficient; Polarons- small polaron band
conduction; large polaron band conduction; small polaron hopping conduction; Mott transitions;
Ionic Conductivity- conductivity, mobility,Nernst-Einstein relation; Superionic Conductivity-
structure, structures of α-AgI and β-alumina unit cell;Defects- defect equilibria and conductivity;
Properties of super ionic conductors

Recommended books

1. Principles of the theory Solids – Ziman

2. Solid state Physics - Singhal
3. Solid state Physics – H.C. Gupta
4. Elementary SolidState Physics – M.Ali Omar
5. SolidState Physics – M.A. Waheb
6. SolidState Physics – Kachava,
 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, OSMANIA UNIVERSITY
M.Sc. (Physics) - III Semester Syllabus
(For the batch admitted from 2023-2024 onwards)

Elective Paper– II

Course Code Course Title L T P C

P-304T/SSP 3 0 0 3
CRYSTAL PHYSICS AND PHYSICS OF PHONONS

Course Objectives: This course enables the students:

COB1 To study the basic crystallographic point groups and space groups of crystal structures.
COB2 To learn Mullikan symbolism and rules of crystal symmetry .
COB3 To understand the concept of phonons.
COB4 To learn phenomenological description of diffusion.
COB5 To study the theoretical concepts of ionic conductivity in detail.
Course Outcomes: After the completion of this course the student will be:
COC1 It enables the students to understand the complete concepts of crystal structure and symmetry
operations.
COC2 Able to draw characteristic tables, which describes the complete set of irreducible
representations of a symmetry group.
COC3 Able to determine the role of phonons in the conductivity and interaction processes.
COC4 Able to identify different types of diffusion process with the help of phenomenological theories
like Nernst-Einstein relations.
COC5 Able to understand the effect of divalent impurities on ionic conductivity.

Unit I : Elements of group theory:Introduction to crystallographic point groups, the five

platonic solids, procedure for symmetry classification of molecules, class, matrix notation for
geometrical transformations, matrix representation of point groups, reducible and irreducible
representations, great orthogonality theorem and its consequences, Character tables for C 2V and
C3V point groups, Mullikan symbolism, Symmetry species.
Development of theoretical formalism, tensors, Physical property and its tensorial
representation.Quotient theorem, Symmetry in crystals - point groups and space groups.

Unit II: Phonon Physics :Theoretical background of lattice vibrations – Phonons and their
properties – Crystal momentum – Conservation – Neutron diffraction from phonons –
Experimental verification of dispersion relations – Thermal conductivity – Role of phonons –
Thermal conductivity – Normal and Umklapp processes – Photon –Phonon interaction – TO and
LO phonons – Lyddane– Sach–Teller’s (LST) relation – Applications – Infrared measurements,
Raman effect – Theory of polaritons – Experimental measurement.

Unit III: Diffusion in solids :Solid state diffusion, Diffusion mechanisms, Self-diffusion,
Impurity diffusion coefficient, Fick’s second law, Diffusion coefficient, Experimental
determination of diffusion coefficient, Various methods, Random walk diffusion, Diffusion in a
simple cubic structure, Diffusion under external field, Nernst-Einstein relation, Kirkendall shift.
Ionic conductivity, Ionic conductivity of alkali halides and effect of divalent impurities on ionic
conductivity.

Recommended Books

1. Solid State Physics - G. Burns;

2. Intermediate Quantum Theory of Crystalline Solids – Alexander O E Animalu
3. Solid State Physics – H .Ibach and H. Luth
4. Fundamentals of Solid State Physics – J.R. Christman,
5. Solid State Physics, Solid State Device and Electronics, Kachhava, C. M..
6. Solid State Physics – A.J. Dekker
7. Solid State Physics –M A Wahab.
8. Chemical applications of group theory F.A. Cotton
9. Physical properties of crystals J.F.Nye;
10. Physics of crystals S.Bhagavantam and S.Radhakrishna,
 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, OSMANIA UNIVERSITY
M.Sc. (Physics) - III Semester Syllabus
(For the batch admitted from 2023-2024 onwards)

Elective Paper– I

Course Code Course Title L T P C

P-303T/MS 3 0 0 3
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS

Course Objectives: This course enables the students:

COB1 To study the basic dislocations and their interactions.
COB2 To study mechanical behavior of materials.
COB3 To understand the concept of elastic behaviour of materials.
COB4 To learn about creep resistant materials.
COB5 To study the deformation of poly crystalline materials.
Course Outcomes: After the completion of this course the student will be:
COC1 It enables the students to understand the complete concepts of dislocations in materials.
COC2 Able to understand the stress-strain curves.
COC3 Able to determine the activation energy.
COC4 Able to measure mechanical parameters of materials.
COC5 Able to understand the re-crystallization, grain growth and grain sixe on dislocation motion..

Unit I: Dislocations: Dislocations - Edge and screw dislocations, Mixed dislocation,

Burgersvector and Burgers circuit, Stress field of dislocation, Force on a dislocation, Line
tension,Forces between dislocations, Interaction of dislocations, Elastic energy of
dislocations,Movement of dislocations, Glide motion, Slip vector and slip plane, Climb of
an edgedislocation, creation of jogs, - Jogs and kinks, Grain Boundaries, Small angle
boundaries –Tiltandtwist boundaries, energies.

Unit II: Elastic Behavior of Materials: Mechanical behavior of crystalline materials:

Elasticdeformation - Thermo elastic effect, An-elasticity, Relaxation, Plastic deformation.
TensileTest,Mechanicalparameters,Hardness(Brinell, Vickers andRockwell)tests,Pierl’s
force, Stress – strain curves of crystals, Differentstages, Dislocation mechanisms in easy
glide stage, Multiplication of dislocations – Frank-
Readsource,Creep,creepcurve,Mechanismofcreep,activationenergy,Dislocationmechanisms
,Creep resistant materials.

UnitIII:StrengtheningMechanisms:StrengtheningMechanisms:WorkhardeningorStrain
hardening – Degree of cold working, Dislocation mechanisms-creation of Partial
dislocations in f.c.c crystals, sessile dislocations, dislocation locks, dislocation pileups;
Deformation ofpoly crystalline materials; Annealing – Re-crystallization, grain growth,
recovery, effect ofgrain size on dislocation motion.
Recommended Books:

1. MaterialsScienceandEngineering –W.D.CallisterJohn Wiley&Sons

2. PhysicalMetallurgyprinciples –ReedHill,RobertMc-GrawHill
3. ElementsofPhysical Metallurgy –A.G.GuyAddison-Wesley
4. PhysicalMetallurgy –R.W.Cahn.andPeterHaasen,NorthHolland
5. MaterialScience Kakani.S.L,AmitKakaniNewage
 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, OSMANIA UNIVERSITY
M.Sc. (Physics) - III Semester Syllabus
(For the batch admitted from 2023-2024 onwards)

Elective Paper– II
Course Code Course Title L T P C
P-304T/MS 3 0 0 3
THINFILMSANDTHEIRPROPERTIES

Course Objectives: This course enables the students:

COB1 To study the basic techniques of thin film deposition and preparation.
COB2 To learn about various types of gauges.
COB3 To study the thin film thickness measurement.
COB4 To learn about ellipsometry.
COB5 To study the properties of thin films.
Course Outcomes: After the completion of this course the student will be:
COC1 It enables the students to understand the complete concepts of thin film preparation
COC2 Able to measure thickness of thin films.
COC3 Able to determine dielectric constant of thin films.
COC4 Able to identify different types of reflection, transmission and absorption by thin films
COC5 Able to understand the dielectric thin films and their properties.
UnitI
Vacuum Techniques & ThinFilm Deposition Methods
Productionofvacuum,vacuumpumps,Oilsealrotaryandrootspumps,diffusionpumps,turbom
olecular pump, cryogenic, cryosorption and getter pumps, measurement of vacuum-
various types of gauges, Bourdon gauge, Piranigauge, Penninggauge.
Methodsofthinfilmpreparation,thermalevaporation,electronbeamevaporation,pulsedlaserd
eposition, magnetron sputtering, MBE, Chemical vapor
depositionmethods,Solgelspincoating,spraypyrolysis.

UnitII
ThinFilm Formation and Thickness Measurement
Nucleation, film growth and structure - various stages in thin film formation,
thermodynamicsofnucleation,nucleationtheories,CapillaritymodelandAtomisticmodelandt
heircomparison. Structure of Thin film,roll of substrate, roll of film thickness, film
thicknessmeasurement-
interferometry,ellipsometry,microbalance,quartzcrystaloscillatortechniques.

UnitIII
Properties of ThinFilms
Electrical conduction in metallic films- Continuous and discontinuous films, conduction
incontinuousmetalfilms,conductionindiscontinuousmetalfilms,Dielectricthinfilms-
experimental techniques capacitor preparation and setup, measurement of dielectric
constant,effect of frequency and temperature. Optical properties of thin films – reflection,
transmissionand absorption by thin films –reflection and transmission by a single film;
Applicationsofthinfilms.
Bookssuggested:
1. Materialsscienceofthinfilms,M.Ohring,Elsevier,2006.
2. Thinfilmfundamentals–A.Goswami,NewAgeInternationalpublishers,2006.
3. Thinfilmphenomena-K.L.Chopra,McGraw–HillBookCompany1969.
 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, OSMANIA UNIVERSITY
M.Sc. (Physics) - Semester-III Syllabus
(For the batch admitted from 2023-2024 onwards)

P 303 T/EI
Elective Paper – I

Course Code Course Title L T P C

P-303T/EI ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTATION 3 0 0 3

Course Objectives: This course enables the students:

COB1 To study the basic measurement of errors.
COB2 To study characteristics of instrumentation system.
COB3 To understand the concept of instrumentation amplifier and attenuators.
COB4 To learn about signal generation and analysis.
COB5 To study the electronic measuring instruments.
Course Outcomes: After the completion of this course the student will be:
COC1 It enables the students to understand the accuracy and precision in measurement.
COC2 Able to understand the response of the system.
COC3 Able to measure power and voltage measurement.
COC4 Able to read oscilloscope measurements.
COC5 Able to understand LED and seven segment display systems..

Unit I: Measurement and Error:

Accuracy and Precision–significant figures –Types of error –Statistical analysis-Probability
of errors –Limiting errors.
Performance characteristics of an instrumentation system:Zero, First and Second
Ordersystems –Response of first and second order systems to STEP, RAMP and IMPULSE
inputs-Frequency response of first and second order systems.

Unit II: Amplifiers and Signal Conditioning:

Instrumentation amplifiers- Isolation amplifiers- Logarithmic amplifiers-Attenuators-
Second order active filters –Low pass, High pass, Band pass, and Band stop filters- All pass
filters. Phase sensitive detector (PSD).
Signal Generation:
Frequency synthesized signal generator- Frequency divider generator- Function generator –
Noise generator. Signal Analysis: Wave Analyzer- Heterodyne wave analyzer-Harmonic
distortion analyzer- Spectrum analyzer-Spectra of CW, AM, FM and PM waves.

Unit III
Electronic Measuring Instruments:
Digital frequency meter–Digital voltmeter–Phase meter – RF power and voltage measurement.
Display and Recording: Magnetic tape Recorders- Laser printers–Storage oscilloscope.
Characteristics of digital displays: LED and seven segment displaysystems.

Recommended Books
1. Modern Electronic Instrumentation and Measurement Techniques –A.O. Helfrick and
W.D.Cooper, Prentice Hall India Publications.
2. Instrumentation Devices and Systems –C.S Rangan, G.R. Sharma and VSV Mani, Tata
McGraw Hill Publications.
3. Introduction to Instrumentation and Control –A.K Ghosh –PHI Publications.
4. Electrical and Electronics Measurement and Instrumentation –A.K.Sawhney.
5. Transducers and Instrumentation- D.V.S Murty PHI Publications.
 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, OSMANIA UNIVERSITY
M.Sc. (Physics) - III Semester Syllabus
(For the batch admitted from 2023-2024 onwards)
Elective Paper –II
Course Code Course Title L T P C
P-304T/EI EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND ITS APPLICATIONS 3 0 0 3

Course Objectives: This course enables the students:

COB1 To study the functional block diagram of microcontroller 8051.
COB2 To study memory and programming aspects of microcontroller 8051.
COB3 To understand the concept of PIC microcontrollers.
COB4 To learn about interfacing with microcontroller 8051.
COB5 To study the PID and Stepper motors.

Course Outcomes: After the completion of this course the student will be:
COC1 It enables the students to understand the working of microcontroller 8051.
COC2 Able to program microcontroller 8051.
COC3 Able to interface microcontroller 8051 with keyboard, LED, 7-Segment displays.
COC4 Able to measure Strain gauge.
COC5 Able to understand working of LVDT; PID and Relay systems.

Unit I
The 8051 Microcontroller
Block diagram of the 8051;Program Counter and ROM space, Date Types and
Directives, PSW Register, Register Banks and Stack; Pin Description, I/O
Programming, Addressing Modes of 8051.Arithmetic instructions and programming:
Add, Subtract, Multiplication and Division of Signed and Unsigned numbers;
LogicalInstruction and Programs- Logic, Compare, Rotate, Swap, BCD and ASCII Application
Programs;Single Bit Instructions with CY; Jump, Loop and CALL Instructions, Time Delay
Generation and Calculation; Timer/Counter Programming, Serial Communication an interrupts
Programming.

Unit II
PIC Microcontrollers
PIC 16C6X/7X Architecture (PIC 16C61/C71), Registers, Pindiagram, Reset action Memory
Organization, Instructions, Addressing Modes, I/O Ports, Interrupts, Timers, Analog-to- Digital
Converter (ADC).
Pin Diagram of PIC 16F8XX Flash Microcontrollers, Registers, Memory organization,
Interrupts, I/O Ports and Timers.
Unit –III
Applications of Microcontrollers
Interfacing of - Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), Push Buttons, Relays and Latches.
Interfacingof - Keyboard, 7-Segment Displays, LCD Interfacing, ADC and DAC with
89C51Microcontrollers.
Measurement Applicationsof–Robot Arm, LVDT andStrain Gauges
Automation and Control Applicationsof–PID Controllers, D C Motors and Stepper Motors.

Recommended Books:
1. Microcontrollers –Theory and Applications –By Ajay V Deshmukh, TMH, 2005
2. The 8051 Microcontrollers and Embedded Systems –By Muhammad Ali Mazidi and
Janice GillispieMazidi, Pearson Education Asia, 4th Reprint, 2002
3. The 8051 Microcontroller - architecture, programming & applications –By Kenneth J.
Ayala, Penram International Publishing, 1995.
4. Microcontroller 8051 by D. KarunaSagar, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi,
2011.
5. Design with PIC Microcontrollers - By J B Peatman, MH, Pearson Education Asia,
2003.
 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, OSMANIA UNIVERSITY
M.Sc. (Physics) - Semester-III Syllabus

(For the batch admitted from 2023-2024 onwards)

Elective Paper –I

Course Code Course Title L T P C

P-303T/NS SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF 3 0 0 3
NANOMATERIALS

Course Objectives: This course enables the students:

COB1 Study the classification of nanomaterials.
COB2 Study the various synthesis methods of nanomatrials.
COB3 Understand optical and thermal properties of nanomaterials.
COB4 Understand lithographic technique used in nanomaterials.
COB5 Study various characterization techniques for nanomaterials.

Course Outcomes: After the completion of this course the student will be:
COC1 Able to demonstrate the concepts of nano structured materials, their size dependent properties,
various examples in zero, one, two and three dimensions
COC2 Able to synthesize various routes which could be bottom-up and top-down approaches.
COC3 Able to develop skills in the preparation of nanomaterials by Physical and Chemical methods
COC4 Able to compare the lithographic techniques for the nanomaterial fabrication with the other
techniques.
COC5 Able to use the knowledge of characterization techniques which include X-ray diffractometry
and spectroscopy for studying more novel materials.

Unit –I
Properties of nanomaterials:
Classification of Nano structured materials , density of states for 0D,1D,2D and 3D ,nanoparticles, nano-wires,
nano-clusters, quantum wells -Size dependent properties of nanomaterials – optical and thermal properties
Synthesis of nanomaterials-I
Synthesis routes: Bottom –Up Approaches, Top –Down Approaches, consolidation of Nano powders
Physical methods: Inert gas condensation, Arc discharge, RF Plasma, plasma organic spraying sputtering and
thermal evaporation, laser pyrolysis, ball milling, molecular beam epitaxy, chemical vapour deposition method,
electro deposition.

Unit –II
Synthesis of nanomaterials-II
Chemical methods: chemical nucleation theory for cluster formation, metal nanocrystal synthesis by reduction,
solvo-thermal synthesis, photochemical synthesis, electrochemical synthesis, sonochemical routes, liquid-liquid
interface , hybrid methods, solvated metal atom dispersion, sol-gel, micelles and micro-emulsion technology.
Lithographic techniques: AFM based nanolithography, e-beam lithography and SEM based nanolithography,
ion beam lithography, deep UV lithography, X-ray based lithography.
Unit-III
Characterization methods :Electron Microscopy : Introduction , Working of SEM,TEM,AFM, applications.
X-ray Crystallography: Introduction, Structure of nano materials, X-ray diffraction (XRD) ,The powder
method- Determination of grain size/crystallite using Scherrer’s formula, Determination of Crystallite size
distribution, Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS).
Spectroscopy Techniques: Introduction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy,
DSC, UV visible spectroscopy.

Recommended Books:

1. Textbook of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology-B.S.Murty, P.Shankar, BaldevRaj, BBRath and James

Murday Universities press,IIM, Metallurgy and Materials Science
2. Principles of Nanoscience&Nanotechnology M.A.Shah, Tokeer Ahmad, Narosa Publishing House.
3. Nanocrystals: Synthesis ,Properties and Applications C.N.Rao,P.J.Thomas,G.U.Kulkarni.
4. Springer Handbook of Nanotechnology – Bharat Bhushan.
5. Nano materials Handbook – YuryGogotsi.
 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, OSMANIA UNIVERSITY
M.Sc. (Physics) - Semester-III Syllabus
(For the batch admitted from 2023-2024 onwards)
Elective Paper –II
Course Code Course Title L T P C
P-304T/NS PROPERTIES OF NANOMATERIALS 3 0 0 3

Course Objectives: This course enables the students:

COB1 Understand the electronic properties of nanomaterials.
COB2 Study the dielectric properties of nanomatrials.
COB3 Understand optical and thermal and mechanical properties of nanomaterials.
COB4 Understand concept of phonons in nanomaterials.
COB5 Study about magnetic nanofluids.

Course Outcomes: After the completion of this course the student will be:
COC1 Able to identify the nanocomposites, nanofillers, their classification, properties and applications.
COC2 Able to develop skills in the preparation of nanocomposites such as polymer nanocomposites by
Physical and Chemical methods..
COC3 Able to use the knowledge of synthesis techniques for studying more novel materials and apply
in daily life or further research.
COC4 Able to analyze the mechanical properties of nanocomposites in general and also while they are
used in devices.
COC5 Able to use the knowledge of characterization techniques which include X-ray diffractometry
and spectroscopy for studying more novel materials.

Unit-I
Electronic properties: Classification of materials - metal, semiconductor, insulator-bandstructures, brillouin
zones, mobility, resistivity, relaxation time, recombination centers, Hall effects, Confinement and transport in
nanostructures: current , reservoirs and electron channels, conductance, local density of states, ballistic transport,
Hopping transport, coulomb blockade, diffusive transport and Fock space.

Unit-II
Dielectric and magnetic properties: Dielectric properties: Polarization, Clausius-Mossotti relation, Debye’s
equations, ferroelectric behavior, Curie Weiss law, Polarons, Dielectric nanofluids and applications.
Magnetic properties: different kinds of magnetism in nature: dia, para, ferro, antiferro, ferri, superpara, and
important properties in relation to nanomagnetism, magnetic nanofluids-characteristics and applications.

Unit- III
Optical, thermal and Mechanical properties:
Optical properties: photoconductivity, optical absorption & transmission, energy gap determination,
photoluminescence, phosphorescence, electroluminescence.
Thermal properties: concept of phonons, thermal conductivity, specific heat, exothermic & endothermic
processes.
Mechanical properties: tensile testing and tensile strength, breaking strength, plastic deformation, statistical
analysis of failure data, true stress and strain, bend testing flexural strength and modulus, Brinell’s, Viker’s
hardness-testing, impact testing –toughness, resilience and scratch test.

Recommended Books:

1. Textbook of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology-B.S.Murty, P.Shankar, BaldevRaj,

BBRath and James Murday Universities press, IIM, Metallurgy and Materials Science
2. Principles of Nanoscience&Nanotechnology M.A.Shah, Tokeer Ahmad, Narosa Publishing House
3. Nanocrystals: Synthesis ,Properties and Applications C.N.Rao,P.J.Thomas,G.U.Kulkarni
4. Springer Handbook of Nanotechnology – Bharat Bhushan
5. Nano materials Handbook – YuryGogotsi
6. Introduction to Nano science and Nano technology – K KChatopadhayya&Banerjee,PHI
7. Introduction of Nano technology-CahrlesP.PooleJr and Franks J.Qwens
8. Physics of Magnetism-S.Chikazmi and S.H.Charap
9. Encyclopedia of Nanotechnology –Hari Singh Nalwa
 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, OSMANIA UNIVERSITY
M.Sc. (Physics) - Semester-III Syllabus
(For the batch admitted from 2023-2024 onwards)
P303T/EC

Elective Paper- I
Course Code Course Title L T P C
P-303T/EC 8051 MICRO-CONTROLLER & ITS APPLICATIONS 3 0 0 3

Course Objectives: This course enables the students:

COB1 Understand the architecture of 8051 microcontroller.
COB2 Study the addressing modes of 8051 microcontroller.
COB3 Understand timer and counter in 8051 microcontroller.
COB4 Understand concept of interfacing of 8051 microcontroller.
COB5 Understand programming of serial communication in 8051 microcontroller

Course Outcomes: After the completion of this course the student will be:
COC1 Able to program using 8051 microcontroller.
COC2 Able to program timers and counters in different modes in 8051 microcontroller.
COC3 Able to program serial communication RS-232 with 8051 microcontroller.
COC4 Able to program interrupts in 8051 microcontroller.
COC5 Able to interface LED/LCD; ADC and DAC with 8051 microcontroller.

Unit -I: Architecture of Microcontroller 8051: Input/output pins, ports and circuits,
external memory, counter and timer, serial data input and output, interrupts.
Addressing modes of 8051: immediate and register addressing modes, accessing memory
using various addressing modes; unsigned addition and subtraction, unsigned multiplication
and division, signed numbers concepts and arithmetic operations.Logic and compare
instructions rotate and swap instructions. Jump,Loop and Call instructions, time delay
generation and calculation; single bit operation with carry; reading input pins versus port
latch and I/O programming.

Unit-II: 8051 Timer / Counter, Serial Communication and Interrupts Programming:

Timer / Counter programming: programming 8051 timers, counter programming, pulse
frequency and pulse width measurements.Basics of serial communication, 8051 connection
to RS232, 8051 serial communication programming.Interrupts of 8051; programming timer
interrupts, programming external hardware interrupts, and programming serial
communication interrupts.
Unit-III: Interfacing of 8051 Microcontroller: Programmable peripheral interface (PPI)-
8255, programming 8255, 8255 interfacing with 8051. Interfacing Key board. Interfacing
LED / LCD, Interfacing A/D & D/A converters, Interfacing stepper motor and temperature
sensor.

Recommended Books:

1. 8051 Micro controller and Embedded systems by Mazidi and Mazidi, Pearson Education
Asia (2002).
2. The 8051 Microcontroller Architecture. Programming and Applications by
Kenneth Ayala: Penram International Pub (1996).
3. Microcontroller 8051 by D. KarunaSagar, Narosa Publishing House (2011).
4. The concepts and features of micro controllers (68HC11, 8051, 8096) by Rajkamal:
Wheeler Pub (2000).
 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, OSMANIA UNIVERSITY
M.Sc. (Physics) - Semester-III Syllabus
(For the batch admitted from 2023-2024 onwards)
Elective Paper-II
Course Code Course Title L T P C
P-304T/EC DATA AND COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS 3 0 0 3

Course Objectives: This course enables the students:

COB1 Understand the data communication networks.
COB2 Study the physical layer in communication.
COB3 Understand data link layer and different topologies.
COB4 Understand concept of network layer.
COB5 Understand transportation and application layer.

Course Outcomes: After the completion of this course the student will be:
COC1 Able to communicate through LAN network.
COC2 Able to understand the TCP/IP layers and their functions.
COC3 Able to understand the flow control and error control in data link layer.
COC4 Able to understand packet switching principles.
COC5 Able to understand the HTTP and SNMP protocol.

Unit I:
Data Communication Networks:
LANs: PANs, MANs, Wireless LANs. Internetworks: WANs, Third-Generation Mobile Phone Networks,
RFID and Sensor Networks. Protocol Hierarchies, Connection-Oriented Versus Connectionless Service,
Service Primitives, Relationship of Services to Protocols. OSI Model: Functions of OSI layers. TCP/IP
Model: TCP/IP layers and their functions.
The Physical Layer:Analog and Digital transmission, Transmission Impairments, Channel Capacity.
Transmission Media: Guided transmission media, Wireless transmission, Wireless Propagation, Line of
sight transmission. Signal Encoding Techniques: Digital Data, Digital Signals; Digital Signal Encoding
Formats. Digital Data, Analog Signals; ASK, PSK, FSK. Analog Data, Digital Signals; PCM & DM.
Error Detection & Error Correction: Types of Errors,Error Detection, Parity Check, Checksum, CRC.

Unit II:
The Data Link Layer: Flow Control, Error control, HDLC. Multiplexing: FDM, STDM. Asymmetric
Digital Subscriber Line, xDSL. LANs: Topologies, LAN Protocol Architecture, Layer 2 & Layer 3
switches, Virtual LANs. High Speed LANs: Traditional Ethernet, High-Speed Ethernet, IEEE 802.1Q
VLAN Standard. Wireless LANs: IEEE 802.11 Architecture and Services, IEEE 802.11Medium Access
Control, IEEE 802.11 Physical layer, IEEE 802.11 Security Considerations. WANS: Circuit Switching
Networks, Circuit Switching Concepts, Soft Switch Architecture, Packet Switching Principles.
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM): ATM architecture, ATM Logical Connections, ATM Cells,
Transmission of ATM Cells, ATM Service categories, ATM Adaptation Layer.

Unit III:
The Network Layer:Principles of Internetworking: Connectionless Internetworking. Internet protocol: IP
services, IP datagram format, IP addresses Network Classes, Subnets and Subnet Masks, Internet Control
Message Protocol (ICMP). IPV6: Motivation for new version, enhancements in IPV6 over IPV4, IPV6
structure, IPV6 header, IPV6 addresses, hop by hop option header, fragment header, routing header and
destination option header.Multicasting: Practical applications, multicasting in an internet environment,
requirements for multicasting. Routing protocols: Autonomous systems, Approaches to Routing, Open
Short Path First (OSPF) Protocol and Border GatewayProtocol (BGP).
Transport Layer:Connection Oriented Transport Protocol Mechanisms: TCP and UDP.
Application Layer: Electronic Mail, SMTP and MIME. Internet Directory Service: Domain Name System
(DNS). Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP).

Recommended Books
1. Data and Computer Communications , William Stallings [Tenth Edition]
2. Computer Networks, A.S.Tanenbaum [Fifth Edition]
3. Data Communications and Networking, Behrouz A. Forouzan [Fourth Edition]
 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, OSMANIA UNIVERSITY
M.Sc. (Physics) - Semester-III Syllabus

(For the batch admitted from 2023-2024 onwards)

Elective Paper – I

Course Code Course Title L T P C

P-303T/BP Molecular and Environmental Biophysics 3 0 0 3

Course Objectives: This course enables the students:

COB1 Understand the structure and function, stability of biological macromolecules (enzyme, protein,
lipids, nucleic acids and biocatalysts.
.
COB2 Study the different biological systems and biological process through statistical thermodynamic
principles.
COB3 Understand the importance of environment and life.
COB4 Understand electromagnetic radiation and environment; conductance of heat and temperature,
mass transfer etc.
COB5 Understand optical activity in detail.

Course Outcomes: After the completion of this course the student will be:
COC1 Able to learn about basic functions of macromolecules.
COC2 Able to understand enzymes classification of different models.
COC3 Able to understand the statistic thermodynamics, entropy, application to biological system.
COC4 Able to understand Optical activity: CD and ORD, Proteins.
COC5 Able to student will able to familiar with environment and its importance to human being.

Unit I: Structure and functions of macromolecules and Biocatalysis:

Structure and function of disaccharides and polysaccharide.Classification of proteins.Primary and
secondary structures of proteins.Chemistry of nucleic acids.DNA duplication.Protein synthesis.Structure
and functions of lipids. Classification of enzymes.Michaelis-Menten model for enzyme catalysed
reactions. Lineweaver-Burke plots. Inhibitors- specific and non-specific. Modified Michaelis-Menten
model for fully competitive and non-competitive inhibited enzyme catalysed reactions. Enzyme
specificity. Enzyme structure and function relation.

Unit II: Statistical thermodynamics: CD & ORD

Statistical thermodynamics: Intramolecular and intermolecular forces, Types of bonds, Debye- Huckel
theory. Statistical thermodynamics and biology.Entropy transfer of living organisms.Information theory –
relation between information and entropy.Information content of some biological systems.
CD & ORD: Polarisation (basics), nature and origin of optical activity, chiral molecules. Optical rotation
and circular dichorism, relation between CD & ORD. Drude’sequation. Moffit’s equation.Cotton
effect.Optical activity in native proteins and conformation.Determination of helical content.
Unit III: Environmental Biophysics
Introduction: Microenvironments, Energy exchange, Mass and momentum transport, conservation of
energy and mass, continuity in the biosphere, models, heterogeneity and scale.
Temparature: Typical behavior of atmosphere and soil temperature, Random temperature variation,
Modeling vertical variation in Air temperature, Modeling Temporal variation in Air temperature, soil
temperature changes with depth and time, Temperature and Biological Development, Thermal time and
calculation from weather data, Temperature extremes and the computation of thermal time, Normalization
of thermal time, Thermal time in relation to other environmental variables.
Heat and Mass Transport: Molar Fluxes, Integration of the transport equations, Resistances and
Conductances, Rsistors and Conductors in series, Resistors in Parallel, Calculation of Fluxes.
Conductance for molecular diffusion, Molecular Diffusivities, Diffusive conductance of the integuments,
Turbulent transport, Fetch and Bouyancy, Conductance of the atmospheric surface layer, conductance for
heat and mass transfer in laminar forced convection, cylinders, spheres and animal shapes.
Humans and their environment: Area, Metabolic rate and evaporation, survival in cold environments,
wind chill and standard operative temperature, survival in hot environments, the humid operative
temperature, Comfort, Dosimetry and variable linear energy transfer.

Recommended Books:
1. Essentials of biological chemistry - by Fairley &Kilgour
2. Molecular Biophysics - by Setlow& Pollard
3. Life chemistry - An introduction to Biochemistry - by Steiner
4. Intermediate Physics for medicine and biology - by Russel K, Hobby
5. Biophysical Chemistry - by A G Marshall
6. An Introduction to Environmental Biophysics – Gaylon S. Campbell and John M. Norman.
7. Experimental methods in Biophysical Chemistry - by C Nicolau
8. An introduction to spectroscopy for biochemists – by Brown
 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, OSMANIA UNIVERSITY
M.Sc. (Physics) - Semester-III Syllabus

(For the batch admitted from 2023-2024 onwards)

Elective Paper – II

Course Code Course Title L T P C

P-304T/BP Physico – Chemical Techniques in Biophysics 3 0 0 3

Course Objectives: This course enables the students:

COB1 Understand physicochemical techniques such as viscosity..
COB2 Study the different biological systems and biological process through statistical thermodynamic
principles.
COB3 Understand the students familiar with some separation techniques such as electrophoresis and
various chromatographic techniques.
COB4 Understand various Imaging techniques such as Fluorescence microscope; Ultraviolet
microscope; Interference microscope; Polarizing microscope.
COB5 Understand phase contrast microscope; electron microscope; scanning probe microscopy –
atomic force microscope (AFM), scanning tunneling microscope ((STM). scanning near field
optical microscope (SNOM).

Course Outcomes: After the completion of this course the student will be:
COC1 Able to learn about different techniques in order to get information aboutpolymers and
biomolecules.
COC2 Able to understand methods and techniques like: molecular weight determination,sedimentation
and scattering.
COC3 Able to gain the knowledge of different separation techniques, will understand basics principles,
instrumentation, working and applications in biology and medicine.
COC4 Able to gain the knowledge of different Imaging techniques, instrumentation, working and
applications in biology and medicine.
COC5 Able to understand techniques used in biological applications of bio-molecules.

Unit I: Molecular weight determination

Viscosity: Specific and intrinsic viscosities and their determination by Ostwald’s method.
Determination of molecular weight from intrinsic viscosity.
Sedimentation: Theory of sedimentation. Determination of sedimentation coefficient by
sedimentation equilibrium method and sedimentation velocity method.Calculation of molecular
weight from sedimentation equilibrium and velocity methods.
Rayleigh’s Scattering: Rayleigh’s equation for scattering for dilute gas. Theory for particles
small compared with wavelength of light. Theory of large particles with dimensions approaching
the wavelength of light. Expression for the particle scattering factor P () and its relation to
radius of gyration
Unit- II: Separation Techniques
Electrophoresis: Introduction to Electrophoresis. Principle of electrophoresis. Electrophoretic
Mobility (EPM) estimation, factors effecting EPM, Supporting media. Types of electrophoresis -
Disc electrophoresis: Isoelectric focusing, Isotachophoresis, Paper electrophoresis, Gel
electrophoresis; Capillary electrophoresis. Applications of electrophoresis in biology and
medicine.

Chromatography: Introduction to chromatography. Principle, Instrumentation, working and

biological applications of Column chromatography, liquid chromatography, Thin layer
chromatography (TLC), Paper chromatography, Ion exchange chromatography, Gel
chromatography, Affinity chromatography, Gas chromatography.

Unit-III: Microscopy
Principle, description, working and biological applications of Fluorescence microscope;
Ultraviolet microscope; Interference microscope; Polarizing microscope; Phase contrast
microscope; Electron microscope; Scanning probe microscopy – Atomic Force microscope
(AFM), Scanning tunneling microscope ((STM). Scanning near field optical microscope
(SNOM).
Recommended Books:
1. Experimental methods in biophysical chemistry – Nicolau
2. Intermediate Physics for Medicine and biology – Russel K, Hobby
3. Basic Biophysics for biologist – M.Daniel.
4. Molecular Biophysics – Richard B.Setlow and Ernest C.Pollard.
5. Electrophoresis in Practice - Reiner Westermeier.
 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
OSMANIA UNIVERSITY
M.Sc. (Physics) - Semester-III Syllabus
(For the batch admitted from 2023-2024 onwards)
ElectivePaper– I

Course Code Course Title L T P C

P-303T/CMP LATTICE DYNAMICS IN CRYSTALS 3 0 0 3

Course Objectives: This course enables the students:

COB1 Understand the lattice vibrations of crystals.
COB2 Study the effect of lattice vibrations on the intensity of the scattered radiation
COB3 Understand the methods of X-ray diffraction.
COB4 Understand theory of small vibrations.
COB5 The absorption and Emission in optical crystals and phonons.

Course Outcomes: After the completion of this course the student will be:
COC1 Able to learn about density of phonon modes, Normal modes of vibration.
COC2 Able to understand Hamiltonian for lattice vibrations in the Harmonic approximation
COC3 Able to gain the knowledge of Laue method, Bragg method and Debye-Scherrer method.
COC4 Able to gain the knowledge of deformation potential scattering, piezoelectric scattering
andFrohlichscattering.
COC5 Able to understand Hartree-Fock theory of free electrons- Ground state energy, exchange energy,
correlation energy.

Unit-I
Lattice Vibrations of Crystals: The infinite and finite linear crystal, Vibrational modes for linear chain with basis
and in higher dimensions,. - Lattice vibrations in Three dimensions: The equation of motion, Allowed values of k:
Density of phonon modes, Normal modes of vibration, Energy levels.
Group Theory and Lattice vibrations: Properties of Normal coordinates, the frequency of Eigen values and the
polarization vectors, Time-Reversal Degeneracy.Group theoretical analysis of the lattice vibrations of a linear
crystal- case of one atom per unit cell, case of two atoms per unit cell; Ex: Lattice vibrations of a two dimensional
crystal with symmetry C14v..
Born-Oppenheimer Approximation, Hamiltonian for Lattice Vibrations in the Harmonic Approximation, Normal
Modes of the System and Quantization of Lattice Vibrations - Phonons.

Unit-II
Effect of lattice vibrations on the intensity of the scattered radiation: The intensity of scattered radiation, effect of
lattice vibrations-Einstein model, Normal mode treatment.
Scattering of X-rays: from a single electron, single atom and crystal; Interpretation of Laue equations in Reciprocal
space. Methods of X-ray Diffraction: Laue method, Bragg method and Debye-Scherrer method. Theory of Neutron
scattering, Elastic Neutron scattering, Inelastic Neutron scattering, Applications of Neutron scattering to the study of
lattice Vibrations.

Unit-III
Theory of small vibrations (Classical & quantum mechanical), Harmonic and Anharmonic relaxation in solids, the
effect of impurities on lattice vibrations, The Franck-Condon principle.
The absorption and Emission in optical crystals, Phonons: Properties of phonons and momentum of phonons; Zero-
Phonon (electronic) transitions, Characteristics of Zero-Phonon lines, Phonon-assisted transitions- Electron–phonon
interactions:- The rigid-ion model. Electron–phonon matrix elements for metals, insulators and semiconductors.
Deformation Potential Scattering, Piezoelectric Scattering, Frohlich Scattering. Polarons.- Deviations from the
Franck-Condon Approximation, Deviations from the Adiabatic Approximation-Radiationless Transitions- The
Hartree equations, Exchange: The Hartree-Fock approximation, Hartree-Fock theory of free electrons- Ground state
energy, exchange energy, correlation energy (only concept).

Recommended books

1. Principles of the Theory of Solids : J. M. Ziman

2. Elementary Solid State Physics : M. A. Omar
3. Introduction to Solid State Physics : C. Kittel
4. Advanced Solid State Physics : Philip Phillips
5. The Wave Mechanics of Electrons in Metals : Stanley Raimes
6. Solid State Physics : Neil W. Ashcroft and N. David Mermin
7. Introduction to Modern Solid State Physics : Yuri M. Galperin
8. Solid State Physics: An Introduction to Principles of Materials Science (4th Ed.) : H. Ibach
and H. Luth
9. Principles of Condensed Matter Physics :Chaikin and Lubensky
10. Solid State Physics, Essential Concepts : David W. Snoke
11. Condensed Matter Physics, M. P. Marder, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2000.
12. Group Theory and its Application to the Quantum Mechanics of Atomic Spectra : E.P.
Wigner, (1959), Academic Press
13. Quantum Chemistry : . I.N. Levine, (1994), Prentice-Hall of India, Pvt. Ltd.
14. Initio Molecular Orbital Theory : W.J. Hehre, L.Radom, P.V.R. Schleyer, J.A. Pople, John
Wiley, (1986).
15. Modern Quantum Chemistry : A. Szabo and N.S. Ostlund, (1996), Mc-Graw Hill.
 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, OSMANIA UNIVERSITY
M.Sc. (Physics) - Semester-III Syllabus
(For the batch admitted from 2023-2024 onwards)

Elective Paper – II

Course Code Course Title L T P C

P-304T/CMP OPTICAL PHENOMENA AND MOSSBAUER 3 0 0 3
EFFECTS IN SOLIDS

Course Objectives: This course enables the students:

COB1 Understand the interaction of radiation and matter with the help of quantum theory.
COB2 Study the dielectric and optical properties of materials.
COB3 Understand the Kramers-Kronig relations and Photon-Phonon transitions.
COB4 Understand the Mossbauer Effect.
COB5 Understand different kinds of luminescence.

Course Outcomes: After the completion of this course the student will be:
COC1 Able to the processes of absorption and emission of radiative fields.
COC2 Able to understand principles of magneto-optic effect and optical transitions
COC3 Able to differentiate the direct and indirect band gap semiconductors.
COC4 Able to analyze the Mossbauer spectroscopy, Isomer shift and Magnetic hyperfine interactions.
COC5 Able to explain energy level diagrams of radiative and non-radiative processes.

UNIT-I
Interaction of Radiation with matter
Classical and Quantum theory of radiative field. The Hamiltonian of a charged particle in an
electromagnetic field, The interaction between a charged particle and a radiative field. First order
process:- Absorption and Emission of Radiative field; Second order process:- Matrix elements due to H1
and H2, Effective matrix element, Transition rates of Scattering processes.
Relation between dielectric and optical properties (macroscopic theory), Kramers-Kronig relations,
Absorption of electromagnetic radiation, Photon-Phonon transitions, Interband transitions, Direct and
indirect band gap semiconductors - Absorption coefficients.Frenkel and Wannierexcitons and their
absorption, Imperfections - exciton absorption below the band gap, Intra band transitions - Absorption
and reflection in metals. Hagen-Rubens relation, Magneto-optic effects: Faraday effect.

UNIT-II
Mossbauer Effect
Resonance fluorescence/Natural and Doppler broadening of lines, Qualitative theory of recoil less gamma
ray emission, Mossbauer effect, Temperature dependence of recoilless process, Debye-Waller factor,
Experimental study, Mossbauer spectroscopy, Quantum mechanical theory of Mossbauer effect, Isomer
shift, Magnetic hyperfine interactions, Electric quadrupole interactions, Applications of Mossbauer effect.
UNIT-III
Luminescence and Color centers
General considerations of luminescence, exciton, absorption and emission processes of
luminescence.Configuration coordinate diagram, Energy level diagram, radiative and non-radiative
processes, Decay mechanisms. Effect of doping and efficiency, Energy transfer and charge transfer,
Different kinds of luminescence-Electro luminescence, Photoluminescence and Thermo luminescence.
Defects and color centers, Different kinds of color centers in the context of luminescence in alkali halides,
Thallium activated alkali halides, Zinc sulphide phosphors.

Recommended books

1. Principles of Theory of Solids :Ziman, Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi.

2. Solid State Physics : G. Burns
3. Luminescence and Luminescent Materials : Blasse
4. Solid State Physics : Dekker.
5. Elementary Solid State Physics : M. Ali Omar
6. Crystal Symmetry, Lattice Vibrations, and Optical Spectroscopy of Solids: A Group
Theoretical Approach :Baldassare Di Bartolo and Richard C Powell
7. Laser Spectroscopy, Basic concept and Instrumentation : W. Demtroder, (2004), Springer.
8. Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy : B. Schrader, (1993), John Wiley & Sons
9. Group Theory and its Application to the Quantum Mechanics of Atomic Spectra : E.P.
Wigner, (1959), Academic Press
 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, OSMANIA UNIVERSITY
M.Sc. (Physics) - Semester-III Syllabus
(For the batch admitted from 2023-2024 onwards)

Elective Paper- I

Course Code Course Title L T P C

P-303T/OE INTRODUCTION TO OPTOELECTRONICS 3 0 0 3

Course Objectives: This course enables the students:

COB1 Understand the fundamentals of optical theories.
COB2 Compare the light wave propagation through different media.
COB3 Understand and identify the importance of optical anisotropy.
COB4 Understand describe the effect of external fields on light.
COB5 Understand the elementary concepts of quantum theory of optics.

Course Outcomes: After the completion of this course the student will be:
COC1 Able to describe the light given by different optical theories.
COC2 Able to differentiate the behavior of light propagating through different media.
COC3 Able to understand the concept of optical anisotropy.
COC4 Able to compare the effect of external fields on light.
COC5 Able to explain the elementary concepts of quantum optics.

Unit I:Introduction: Ray optics: postulates, differential equation of a light ray; wave optics:
postulates, monochromatic waves, elementary waves, eikonal equation; electromagnetic optics:
plane waves in a dielectric, polarization of light, uniaxial and biaxial crystals, dielectric tensor,
birefringence, plane waves in anisotropic media, the phase velocity and ray velocity, wave
refractive index, index ellipsoid.

Unit II: Modulation of light: Index ellipsoid in the presence of an external electric field,
electrooptic effect - Kerr effect, Pockels effect, electro-optic retardation, electro-optic phase and
amplitude modulation, modulator design considerations, Photoelastic effect, Acousto-optic effect
- Acousto-optic modulation, Raman-Nath and Bragg regimes and their modulators. Magneto-
optic effect - Faraday effect, optical activity.

Unit III: Quantum Optics: Quantization of free electromagnetic field - mode expansion,
quantization in finite one-dimensional cavity, quantization in unbounded free space, creation and
annihilation operators, number states, vacuum fluctuations and the zero-point energy, coherent
states - generation and properties, squeezed states: uncertainity relation, squeeze operator,
generation of squeezed states, entangled states and their properties.

Reference Books:
1. Fundamentals of Photonics – B. E. A. Saleh and M. C. Teich, wiley, 2nd edition.
2. Principles of Optics - M. Born and E. Wolf , Cambridge university press, 7th edition.
3. Optical Electronics - A.Ghatak and K.Thyagarajan, Cambridge University Press.
4. Lasers and Electro-optics: Fundamentals and Engineering - Christopher C. Davis,
Cambridge University Press, 2nd Edition.
5. Quantum Optics - MarlanO.Scully and M.SuhailZubairy, Cambridge university press
6. Introductory quantum optics - Christoper C. Gerry and Peter L.Knight, Cambridge
University Press.
 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, OSMANIA UNIVERSITY
M.Sc. (Physics) - Semester-III Syllabus
(For the batch admitted from 2023-2024 onwards)

Elective Paper- II

Course Code Course Title L T P C

P-304T/OE SEMICONDUCTOR OPTOELECTRONICS 3 0 0 3

Course Objectives: This course enables the students:

COB1 Understand the concept of optical transitions in semiconductor materials.
COB2 Describe the structures and working of different optical sources & detectors.
COB3 Understand to compare different optoelectronic devices.
COB4 To identify the applications of optoelectronic devices.
COB5 Analyze the need of optoelectronic integrated devices.

Course Outcomes: After the completion of this course the student will be:
COC1 Able to explain the optical transition processes in semiconductor materials.
COC2 Able to differentiate the different type of optical sources & detectors.
COC3 Able to identify different optoelectronic devices.
COC4 Able to evaluate varied applications of optoelectronic devices.
COC5 Able to appreciate the applications of optoelectronic integrated devices.

Unit I: Optical Processes in Semiconductors: Alloy semiconductors, Electron-hole pair

formation and recombination, radiative and nonradiative recombination, band-to-band
recombination.
Absorption in semiconductors - indirect intrinsic transitions, exciton absorption, donor-acceptor
and impurity-band absorption, effect of electric field on absorption, absorption in quantum wells,
the Kramers-Kronig relations.
Radiation in Semiconductors - Relation between absorption and emission spectra, near band gap
radiative transitions, Auger recombination, luminescence from quantum wells.

Unit II: Sources and detectors:

Light Emitting Diodes: Electroluminescent process, choice of LED materials, device
configuration and efficiency, LED structures: heterojunction LED, surface emitting LED, edge-
emitting LED, device performance characteristics.
Junction lasers: Operating principle, threshold current, heterojunction lasers, modulation of
lasers - rate equations, steady state solution, mode-locking of semiconducting lasers.
Photodetectors: Photoconductor, junction photodiodes - PIN photodiodes, phototransistor,
Schottky-barrier photodiode.
Unit III: Optoelectronic Integrated Devices: Optical amplifiers - Erbium-doped, Raman and
Brillouin amplifiers, Beam splitters, Direction couplers and switches, bistable optical devices,
fiber splicers, fiber connectors, fiber couplers, fiber optic sensors, fiber Bragg gratings.
Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits: Need for integration, materials for optoelectronic
integrated circuits (OEICs), front end photo receivers, optical control of microwave oscillators.

Reference Books:
1. Semiconductor optoelectronic devices - Pallab Bhattacharya, Pearson Education, 2nd
edition.
2. Semiconductor optoelectronics: Physics and Technology- J.Singh, McGraw-Hill.
3. Semiconductor physics and devices - Donald A. Neamen, McGraw-Hill, 3 rd edition.
4. Integrated optics: theory and technology - Robert G.Hunperger, Springer, 6th edition.
5. Optical Fiber communications: principles and practice – John M.Senior, Pearson
Education, 3rd edition.
 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, OSMANIA UNIVERSITY
M.Sc. (Physics) - Semester-III Syllabus
(For the batch admitted from 2023-2024 onwards)

P 301T/AE
Core Paper - I

Course Code Course Title L T P C

P-301T/AE DIGITAL SYSTEM DESIGN 3 0 0 3

Course Objectives: This course enables the students:

COB1 Understand the concept of Boolean functions and Boolean algebra.
COB2 Describe the logic design and the digital circuits.
COB3 Understand the working of CPLD and FPGA.
COB4 To understand the sequential logics and counters.
COB5 Analyze the TTL, ECL, MOS andCMOScircuits .

Course Outcomes: After the completion of this course the student will be:
COC1 Able to explain the Boolean algebra.
COC2 Able to apply logic design using adders, subtractors and code converters.
COC3 Able to identify different logic families.
COC4 Able to evaluate varied applications of combinational logic.
COC5 Able to appreciate the applications of sequential logic circuits and counters.

Unit I: Boolean Functions: Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal Numbers, Binary Codes and
Logics; Boolean Algebra, Basic Theorems and Functions, Canonical, Digital and Integrated
Circuits; Simplifications of Boolean Functions, Two to Six Variable Map Simplification,
NAND and NOR Implementation, Tabulation method, Determination and Selection of Prime
Implicants.

Unit II: Logic Design: Combinational Logic –Adders, Subtractors, Code Conversion,
Multilevel NAND, NOR and Ex-OR functions; MSI and PLD Components – Decimal,
Binary Adder and Subtractor, Comparators, Decoders, Encoders, Mux and De-Mux, ROM,
PLA and PAL; GAL, CPLD andFPGA. Over view of Digital Integrated Circuits with
allLogic Families–TTL, ECL, MOS,CMOS.

Unit III: Sequential Logics and Counters: Synchronous Sequential Logics – FFs,
Analysis, State Reduction and Assignment, FF Excitation Tables, Design Procedure and
Design of Counters; Asynchronous Sequential Logics – Analysis, Circuits with Latches,
Registers, Shift Registers, Ripple and Synchronous Counter.
Text Books:
1. Digital Design –M. Morris Mano
2. Switching theory & Logic Design –R.P. Jain TMH 2003
3. Digital System Principles & Applications - Ronald J. Tocci

Reference Books:

1. Computer Architecture and Logic Design –Thomas C. Bartee

2. Digital Principles & Applications – Albert Paul Malvino andDonald P. Leach
3. Digital Computer Design –V. Rajaraman and T.Radhaknan
4. Digital Electronics - An Introduction to Theory and Practice – William H. Gothman
5. Digital Computer Electronics –A.P. Malvino and J.A. Brown
6. Digital Integrated Circuits –A Design Perspective –Jan M Rabae
7. ICs & Microprocessors –Data Hand Book, BPB Publications, India
8. Digital Logic and Microprocessors –F.J. Hill and G.R. Peterson
9. Digital Circuits and Microprocessors –Herbert Taub
10. Switching and Finite Automata Theory –ZviKohavi and Niraj K. Jha
11. Digital Design – John F Wakerly
 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, OSMANIA UNIVERSITY
M.Sc. (Physics) - Semester-III Syllabus
(For the batch admitted from 2023-2024 onwards)

Core Paper –II

Course Code Course Title L T P C

P-302T/AE DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING AND 3 0 0 3
DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSORS

Course Objectives: This course enables the students:

COB1 Understand the concept of Discrete Time Signal and Linear Systems.
COB2 Describe the Discrete Fourier Transform.
COB3 Understand the concept of Fast-Fourier Transform.
COB4 To understand the Design of Digital Filters.
COB5 Understand the architecture of TMS320C5X.

Course Outcomes: After the completion of this course the student will be:
COC1 Able to appreciate the use of FFT in digital signal processing.
COC2 Able to apply frequency analysis of discrete time signals.
COC3 Able to design FIR filter using windows.
COC4 Able to program TMS320C5X in terms of central architecture logic unit(CALU)-auxiliary
register (AR) and index register.
COC5 Able to apply pipelining in TMS320C5X and its operation.

Unit I : Discrete Time Signal And Linear Systems –Introduction-Advantages of DSP-

Classification ofSignals-Signal representation-Standard signals discrete –time signals- Operation on
signals Discrete time system- Classification of Discrete time system- Convolution- Correlation of
Two sequences-Inverse systems and Deconvolution, frequency analysis of Discrete time signals.
Z-Transform- Introduction –ROC- Properties of ROC- Inverse Z-Transform- Discrete Fourier
Transform-Discrete Fourier Series-Properties-DFT-Properties- Comparison between linear and
circular convolution- filtering long duration sequence.

Unit II: Fast-Fourier Transform- direct evaluation of DFT-Decimation-in-Time and Frequency-

Differences andsimilarities between DIT and DIF-IIR filters- Introduction-Design of Digital Filters
from analog filters-Analog low pass filter design-Butterworth-Chebyshev- filters-Design of IIR filters
from analog filters-Frequency transformation on digital domain-realization of Digital Filters.

FIR Filter- Introduction-Linear Phase FIR filters-their frequency response-Location of the zeros of
LPFIR filters-Fourier series method of designing FIR filter-Design of FIR filter using windows-
Frequency sampling method of designing FIR filters-Realization of FIR filters-Finite word length
effects in digital filters-Introduction-Rounding and truncation errors-Quantization in A/D signals-
Quantization effects in the computation of DFT.
Unit III: Digital Signal Processor-Architecture of TMS320C5X-Bus structure-Central Architecture
logic unit(CALU)-Auxiliary Register (AR)-Index register (INDX)-ARCR-Block move address
Register-Block Repeat Register-Parallel logic unit-memory mapped registers-program controller-
some flags in status register-On-chip memory-On-chip peripherals.
TMS320C5XLanguage-Assembly language syntax-Addressing modes-Instructions-Load/Store-
Addition/Subtraction-Move-Multiplication NORM-Program control-Peripheral control.
Instruction Pipelining in C5X-Pipeline structure-Operation-Application programs in C5X-C50
basedDSP starter Kit (DSK)-Programs for familiarization of arithmetic instructions-Programs in C5X
for processing Real Time signals.

Recommended Text Books:

1.Digital Signal Processing by Prokaies (PHI)
2. Digital Signal Processing by Sanjit K Mitra
3. Digital Signal Processing by Ramesh Babu- Sci-Tech Pub
4. Digital Signal Processers by B.VenkataRamani et al (TMH)
5. Digital Signal Processers by Sen M Kuo et al –Pearson Education
 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, OSMANIA UNIVERSITY
M.Sc. (Physics) - Semester-III Syllabus
(For the batch admitted from 2023-2024 onwards)

Elective Paper - I

Course Code Course Title L T P C

P-303T/AE Data Communications & Networking 3 0 0 3

Course Objectives: This course enables the students:

COB1 Understand the concept of TCP/IP Protocol Architecture.
COB2 Describe the guided transmission media and wireless transmission.
COB3 Understand the concept of Digital Data Communication Techniques.
COB4 To understand the Data Link Control Protocols.
COB5 Understand the Circuit Switching and Packet Switching.

Course Outcomes: After the completion of this course the student will be:
COC1 Able to use OSI model for digital data transmission.
COC2 Able to apply signal encoding techniques.
COC3 Able to design data flow control, error control and HDLC.
COC4 Able to frequency-division multiplexing, synchronous time-division multiplexing of digital data.
COC5 Able to apply effects of congestion , congestion control and traffic management.

UNIT-I
TCP/IP Protocol Architecture, OSI Model,Standardization within a Protocol Architecture,
Traditional Internet-Based Applications,Multimedia.
Data Transmission:Analog and Digital Data Transmission, Transmission Impairments, Channel
Capacity.
Transmission Media:Guided Transmission Media,Wireless Transmission,Wireless
Propagation,Line-of-Sight Transmission.
Signal Encoding Techniques: Digital Data, Digital Signals,Digital Data, Analog
Signals,Analog Data, Digital Signals,Analog Data, Analog Signals.
Digital Data Communication Techniques: Asynchronous and Synchronous
Transmission,Types of Errors,Error Detection,Error Correction,Line Configurations.

Unit-II
Data Link Control Protocols: Flow Control,Error Control,High-Level Data Link Control
(HDLC).
Multiplexing:Frequency-Division Multiplexing,Synchronous Time-Division
Multiplexing,Statistical Time-Division Multiplexing,Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line,xDSL
Circuit Switching and Packet Switching: Switched Communications Networks,Circuit
Switching Networks,Circuit Switching Concepts,Softswitch Architecture,Packet-Switching
Principles,X.25,Frame Relay.
Asynchronous Transfer Mode: Protocol Architecture,ATM Logical Connections,ATM
Cells,Transmission of ATM Cells,ATM Service Categories.

Unit-III
Routing in Switched Networks:Routing in Packet-Switching Networks, Least-Cost Algorithms.
Congestion Control in Data Networks : Effects of Congestion ,Congestion Control, Traffic
Management Congestion Control in Packet-Switching Networks,Frame Relay Congestion
Control,ATM Traffic Management,ATM-GFR Traffic Management.

Recommended Books:
1. William Stallings, Data & computer communications 8/e Pearson education.
2. BehrouzA.Forouzan, Data communications &networking 3/e TMH.
3. Fred Hasal, Data communications computer network and open systems 4/e
Pearson education 2005.
4. R.P.Singh, S.D.Sapre Communication Systems, Analog and Digital. 3/e, McGraw Hill.2017.
 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, OSMANIA UNIVERSITY
M.Sc. (Physics) - Semester-III Syllabus
(For the batch admitted from 2023-2024 onwards)

Elective Paper –II

Course Code Course Title L T P C

P-304T/AE MICROCONTROLLER AND APPLICATIONS 3 0 0 3

Course Objectives: This course enables the students:

COB1 Understand the architecture of 8051 microcontroller.
COB2 Study the addressing modes of 8051 microcontroller.
COB3 Understand timer and counter programming of 8051 microcontroller.
COB4 Understand concept of interfacing of 8051 microcontroller.
COB5 Understand interfacing using aurdino.

Course Outcomes: After the completion of this course the student will be:
COC1 Able to program using 8051 microcontroller.
COC2 Able to program timers and counters in different modes in 8051 microcontroller.
COC3 Able to interface LCD; ADC; DAC and stepper motor with 8051 microcontroller .
COC4 Able to program interrupts in 8051 microcontroller.
COC5 Able to interface using aurdino.

Unit I: The 8051 Microcontroller

Microcontrollers and Embedded processors, overview and Block diagram of the 8051;
Insidethe 8051, Assembling and Running an 8051 Program, The Program Counter and ROM
space,Date Types and Directives, Flag Bits and PSW Register, Register Banks and Stack;
PinDescription, I/O Programming, Bit Manipulation; Addressing Modes- Immediate and
RegisterAddressing Modes, Accessing Memory using Various Addressing Modes

Unit II: Programming and Interfacing 8051

Instruction Set- Arithmetic instruction Programs- Add, Subtract, Multiplication and
Divisionof Signed and Unsigned Numbers; Logical Instruction and Programs- Logic,
Compare, Rotate, Swap, BCD and ASCII Application Programs; Single Bit Instructions and
Programming –Single Bit Instructions with CY; Jump, Loop and call Instructions, Time
Delay Generation and Calculation; Timer/Counter Programming, Serial Communication and
interrupts Programming.
Interfacing an LCD, ADC and Sensors with the 8051; Interfacing a stepper Motor, Keyboard
and DAC to generate waveforms on CRO with 8051.

Unit III: Interfacing using Aurdino

Types of Arduino boards, Arduino Uno Architecture, Sensors and Actuators, Interfacing of
Sensors with Arduino- Temperature, Humidity, Motion, Ultrasonic Sensor, PIR Motion
Sensor, Light, Moisture Sensor and Gas Sensor.Interfacing of Actuators- Relay Switch and
Servo Motor, Introduction to Node MCU.

Recommended Books:

1. The 8051 Microcontrollers and Embedded Systems- By Muhammad Ali Mazidi and
Janice GillispieMazidi, Persong Education , Asia, 4 th Reprint, 2002.
2. The 8051 Microcontroller- Architecture, Programming & Applications –By
Kenneth J. Ayala, Penram International Publising , 1995.
3. Microcontroller 8051 –By D. KarunaSagar, Narosa Publishing House,2011.
4. C Programming for Arduino, Jelien Bayle, Packt Publishing, Bermingham, UK.
5. Arduino Made Simple by AshwinPajankar, BPB Publications.
 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, OSMANIA UNIVERSITY
REVISED SYLLABUS FOR M.Sc. (PHYSICS)
IV SEMESTER
With effect from the academic year 2023 -2024 onwards

S.No Paper code Paper Paper title Instructions Max

Hrs / Week Credits Marks
1. P401T Core Paper -I Nuclear Physics 3 3 100*
2 P402T Core Paper- II Spectroscopy 3 3 100*

Solid State Physics(SSP)

3 P403T/SSP Elective-III Optical Phenomena in solids 3 3 100*

Materials Science (MS)

4 P403T/MS Elective-III Material Science 3 3 100*
Electronics& Instrumentation (E&I)
5 P403T/EI Elective-III Instrumentation for measurement 3 3 100*
and data transmission
Nano Science (NS)
6 P403T/NS Elective-III Nano composites 3 3 100*
Electronics Communications (EC)
7 P403T/EC Elective-III Mobile cellular communications 3 3 100*

Bio Physics (BP)

8 P403T/BP Elective-III Cell and membrane biophysics 3 3 100*

Condensed Matter Physics (CMP)

9 P403T/CMP Elective-III Transport Phenomena in solids 3 3 100*

Opto Electronics (OE)

10 P403T/OE Elective-III Fiber Optic Technology 3 3 100*

PRACTICALS
11 P 405P V General Physics lab 8 4 100
12 P 406P VI Special lab 4 2 50
13 Project 5 150
20 600
Applied Electronics (AE) Credits Marks
14 P401T/AE Core Paper I Digital system design using VHDL 3 3 100*
15 P402T/AE Core Paper II Feedback Control Systems 3 3 100*
16 P403T/AE Elective Paper -III Guided and Unguided media 3 3 100*
communication
P404/AE Project 5 150

PRACTICALS
17 V Fiber Optics Communication & 4 2 50
P405P/AE
Microwaves Lab
18 P406P/AE VI VHDL Lab 8 4 100

Details of credits and marks

Number instruction hours per each theory paper per week 3
Maximum marks for each theory paper 100( 70 semester exam + 30
internal evaluation)
Number of credits for each theory paper 3
Number instruction hours per each practical paper per week 8/4
Maximum Marks per each practical paper 100/50
Number credits per practical paper 4/2
Total Credits per semester 20
 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, OSMANIA UNIVERSITY
M.Sc. (Physics) - Semester-IV Syllabus
(For the batch admitted from 2023-2024 onwards)

P 401T Core Paper - I (Common for all Specializations)

Course Code Course Title L T P C

P-401T NUCLEAR PHYSICS 3 0 0 3

Course Objectives: This course enables the students:

COB1 Understand the concept of nuclear forces.
COB2 Study the nuclear models and its magnetic moments.
COB3 Understand nuclear decay and nuclear detection.
COB4 Understand concept of interaction of charged particles with matter.
COB5 Understand applications of nuclear physics.

Course Outcomes: After the completion of this course the student will be able to:
COC1 Demonstrate the concepts of nuclear force, nuclear decay processes, detection mechanism and
reactions.
COC2 Analyze the Deuteron problem, exchange force theories, α-decay, β-decay, Bethe’s formula
Photoelectric effect, Compton effect and pair production.
COC3 Understand the neutrino hypothesis, Bohr’s theory, working of gamma ray detectors, kinematics
of nuclear reactions, nuclear reactors.
COC4 Evaluate the importance of knowledge of handling radioactive materials for various applications
in day to day life like food irradiation, radiation therapy and diagnosis.
COC5 Develop skills in critical thinking and problem-solving and apply them effectively in both
academic and professional contexts.

Unit I:
Nuclear Forces: Systematics of nuclear force-strength, range, charge independence; Deuteron
problem and its contribution to the definition of the Nuclear force. Exchange force theories-
Majoranna, Bartlett, Heisenberg and Yukawa.
Nuclear Models:The liquid drop model, the semi empirical mass formula and its applications; The
Shell model, states based on square well potential and harmonic oscillator potential, Predictions-
spins and parities of nuclear ground states, magnetic moments, electric quadruple moments.

Unit II:
Nuclear Decay:α-decay, Gamow’s theory, fine structure of α-spectrum, alpha decay, systematics,
neutrino of hypothesis, Fermi's theory of β-decay, Fermi-Curie plot, angular momentum, selection
rules for β-decay,
Nuclear Detection:Interaction of charged particles with matter, Bohr's theory, Bethe's formula.
Range-energy relation, Stopping power, Measurements of range and stopping power. Interaction of
gamma rays with matter-Photoelectric effect, Compton Effect and pair production;Gamma ray
detection using gas, scintillation and solid state detectors.
Unit III:
Nuclear Reactions: Classification of nuclear reactions, Kinematics and Q-value of reactions; Basic
theory of direct nuclear reactions-Born approximation, stripping and pick-up reactions, Compound
nucleus formation; Theory of Fission and fusion reactions. Nuclear Reactors: Fission reactors -
fusion reactors -
Particle Physics: Elementary Particles, Classification and their Quantum Numbers (Charge, Spin,
iso-spin etc.). Fundamental forces, Conservation of Parity, Strangeness and Lepton and Baryon
numbers,
Applications of Nuclear Physics: Food irradiation, Medical physics- radiation therapy - radiation
dosimetry, radioactive tracers, Tomography (PET)

Recommended Books:
1. Concepts of Nuclear Physics; B.L.Cohen (TMH)
2. Introductory Nuclear Physics: Kenneth S.Krane (Wiley )
3. Nuclear and Particle Physics: Blin-Stoyle (Chapman and Hall)
4. Nuclear Physics; I.Kaplan (Narosa 2002)
5. Introductory Nuclear Physics: W.Wong
6. Introductory Nuclear Physics: S.B.Patel
7. Nuclear Physics: TayalDC
8. John Lilley, Nuclear Physics: Principles and Applications, Wiley (2001)
 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, OSMANIA UNIVERSITY
M.Sc. (Physics) - Semester-IV Syllabus
(For the batch admitted from 2023-2024 onwards)

Core Paper –II (Common for all Specializations)

Course Code Course Title L T P C

P-402T SPECTROSCOPY 3 0 0 3

Course Objectives: This course enables the students:

COB1 Understand the concept of atomic and molecular spectra.
COB2 Study the spin-orbit interaction.
COB3 Understand Raman and IR spectra.
COB4 Understand concept of nuclear spin and magnetic moment.
COB5 Understand ESR instrumentation and applications.

Course Outcomes: After the completion of this course the student will be able to:
COC1 Determinethe spectroscopic terms for equivalent and non-equivalent electron atom.
COC2 Analyze the hyperfine splitting of spectral lines.
COC3 Understand the nuclear spin and magnetic moment, origin of nuclear magnetic resonance.
COC4 Evaluate the vibrational and rotational Raman spectra .
COC5 Develop skills in estimating the hyperfine structure of ESR absorptions.

Unit I
Atomic Spectra: Different series in alkali spectra (main features), Ritz combination principle, L-
S and j-j coupling; Spectroscopic terms for equivalent and non-equivalent electron atom- Energy
level diagrams- Spin-Orbit interaction, doublet structure in alkali spectra, selection rules, intensity
rules, alkali-like spectra, Lamb shift, isotope shift; hyperfine splitting of spectral lines, Lande
interval rule.

Unit II
Molecular Spectra: Types of Molecular spectra, Salient features of rotational spectra, rotational
spectra of diatomic molecule as a rigid rotator and a non-rigid rotator, effect of isotopic
substitution on rotational spectra, salient features of Vibrational-Rotational spectra, vibrating
diatomic molecule as a harmonic oscillator and as anharmonic oscillator.
Raman and Infrared (IR) Spectra: Raman effect, classical and quantum theory of Raman
effect, normal vibrations of CO2 and H2O molecules, vibrational and rotational Raman spectra.
Basic concept of IR spectroscopy –IR spectrophotometer –Principle and Instrumentation, FTIR
principle and working.

Unit III:
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) Spectroscopy:
Nuclear spin and magnetic moment, origin of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, Theory
of NMR spectra, relaxation process –Bloch equations –chemical shift, experimental study of
NMR spectroscopy, Experimental technique, ESR spectroscopy, origin and resonance condition,
hyperfine structure of ESR absorptions, fine structure in ESR spectra, ESR instrumentation,
Applications of ESR.

Books Recommended
1. Elements of Spectroscopy - Gupta, Kumar, Sharma
2. Atomic Spectra & Atomic Structure - Gerhard Hertzberg
3. Introduction to Molecular Spectroscopy - G.M.Barrow
4. Molecular Spectroscopy - J.D.Graybeal
5. Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy - Raj Kumar
6. Molecular Structure & Spectroscopy - G.Aruldhas
7. Introduction to Atomic Spectra - H.E.white
8. Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy - C.N. Banwell and EM Mc Cash
9. Spectra of Diatomic Molecules - Herzberg
10. Spectroscopy Vol. I, II, III - Walker and Straughen
11. Principles of Magnetic Resonance - C.P.Slitcher
12. Electron Spin Resonance: Their Applications - Wertz and Bolton
 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, OSMANIA UNIVERSITY
M.Sc. (Physics) - Semester-IV Syllabus

(For the batch admitted from 2023-2024 onwards)

Elective Paper – III

Course Code Course Title L T P C

P-403T/SSP OPTICAL PHENOMENA IN SOLIDS 3 0 0 3

Course Objectives: This course enables the students:

COB1 Understand the concept of optical properties of solids.
COB2 Study the direct and indirect band gap semiconductors.
COB3 Understand absorption and emission processes of luminescence.
COB4 Understand concept of quantum efficiency & frequency response of photo diodes.
COB5 Understand semiconductor materials for fabrication of homo junction solar cells .

Course Outcomes: After the completion of this course the student will be able to:
COC1 Determine the photon-phonon transitions and inter band transitions.
COC2 Analyze the radiative and non radiative processes and decay mechanisms .
COC3 Understand the different kinds of color centers in the context of luminescence in alkali
halides.
COC4 Evaluate different kinds of luminescence.
COC5 Develop skills in estimating the Fill factor, conversion efficiency, quantum efficiency of solar
cells.

Unit I: Optical Properties of Solids:

Relation between dielectric and optical properties (macroscopic theory), Kramer-Kronig relations,
Absorption of electromagnetic radiation, Photon-Phonon transitions, Inter band transitions, Direct
and indirect band gap semiconductors -Si and Ge; Absorption coefficients- Infrared absorptions in
semi-conductors.Frenkel and Wannierexcitons and their absorption, Imperfections - exciton
absorption below the band gap, Intra-band transitions - Absorption and reflection in metals, Hagen-
Rubens relation, Raman, Brillouin and Rayleigh scattering, Magneto-optic effects: Faraday effect.

Unit II: Luminescence:

General considerations of luminescence, exciton, absorption and emission processes of
luminescence, Configuration coordinate diagram, Energy level diagram, radiative and non radiative
processes, Decay mechanisms, Effect of doping and efficiency, Energy transfer and charge transfer,
Different kinds of luminescence, Electro luminescence- The Gudden-Pohl effect, Destraiu effect,
Carrier injection luminiscence, Photoluminescence and Thermo-luminescence, Defects and color
centers, Different kinds of color centers in the context of luminescence in alkali halides, Thallium
activated alkali halides, Zinc sulphide phosphors.
Unit III: Photo-detectors and Photo-voltaics:
Photoconductors-dc and ac photo conductors, gain & band width, noise in photo conductors, junction
photo diodes, PIN diodes, quantum efficiency & frequency response – hetero junction photo diodes,
avalanche photo diodes, noise performance of avalanche photo diodes – comparison of avalanche
and PIN diodes.
Photovoltaic effect, Types of interfaces, homo junction, hetero junction and Schottky barrier- Choice
of semiconductor materials for fabrication of homo junction solar cells, equivalent circuit of a solar
cell, Solar cell output parameters – Fill factor, conversion efficiency, quantum efficiency, effect of
series and shunt resistance on the efficiency of solar cells.

References:
1. Solar cells – Charles E. Backus, IEEE Press.
2. Fundamentals of Solar cells, Farenbruch and Bube.
3. Principles of theory of solids – Ziman, Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi.
4. Solid State Physics – G. Burns
5. Luminescence and Luminescent Materials – Blasse
6. Solid State Physics – Dekker.
7. Optoelectronic devices _ P. Bhattacharya
8. Physics of semiconductor devices – S. M. Sze.
9. Elementary solid state physics – M. Ali Omar
 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, OSMANIA UNIVERSITY
M.Sc. (Physics) - Semester-IV Syllabus
(For the batch admitted from 2023-2024 onwards)
P 403T/MS
Elective Paper – III

Course Code Course Title L T P C

P-403T/MS MATERIALS SCIENCE 3 0 0 3

Course Objectives: This course enables the students:

COB1 Understand the concept of ferroic materials.
COB2 Study the classificationofpolymers.
COB3 Understand molecular structure of polymers.
COB4 Understand concept of composite materials.
COB5 Understand applications of hybrid composites.

Course Outcomes: After the completion of this course the student will be able to:
COC1 Explain the structuralclassificationofferroelectrics.
COC2 Compare the domain structures in ferroelectric materials.
COC3 Evaluate the mechanicalbehaviorofpolymers.
COC4 Explain crystallization,meltingandglasstransitionphenomenoninpolymers
COC5 Appreciate the applications of Ceramicstructures and glass ceramics.

UnitI
Ferroic Materials
Introductiontoferroics,Structuralclassificationofferroelectrics,hydrogen-bondedandnon-
hydrogenbondedferroelectrics,Thermodynamicsofferroelectricphasetransitions-
proper,improperandpseudo-
properferroelectricphasetransitions,Ferroelectricdiffusetransitions,Relaxor ferroelectrics,
Domain structures in ferroelectric materials, Orientation of walls
betweendomainpairs,Domainwallthickness,Domainswitching,Hysteresisloop,Polycrystallin
eferroelectrics, size effects in ferroelectric powders,Applications offerroic materials.

Unit II
Polymers &Composites
Polymers:Classificationofpolymers,polymermolecules,chemistryofpolymermolecules,mole
cular weight, molecular structure of polymers, thermoplastic and thermosetting
polymers,polymercrystallanity,mechanicalbehaviorofpolymers-
stressstrainbehavior,viscoelasticdeformation,strengtheningofpolymers,crystallization,meltin
gandglasstransitionphenomenoninpolymers, polymerization, manufacturing of polymers,
applications of polymers.
Composites :
Basic Concepts, Definition of Composite materials, reinforcements, Classification of
composites-Particlereinforced,Fiberreinforced
andstructuralcomposites,Particlereinforcedcomposites-large particle composites, dispersion
strengthened composites, Carbon-CarbonComposites,Hybrid Composites, Applications
ofcomposites.

UnitIII
Ceramics & Glasses
Ceramics:Introductiontoceramics,classificationofceramics,Ceramicstructures-
oxidestructures, silicate structures, Ceramic Phase diagrams- examples of two oxide
systems, Differentkindsof Ceramics-glassceramics,refractories,Propertiesof Ceramics-
Stress-Strainbehavior, applicationsofceramics
Glasses – types of glasses, glass ceramics, structure of glasses, properties of glasses,
synthesis ofglasses and applications of glasses.

BooksRecommended:

1. SolidState Physics–A.J.Dekker,Macmillan IndiaLtd., 2003.

2. IntroductiontoFerrioc Materials–V.K.Wadhawan,
3. MaterialsScienceandEngineeringanIntroduction-W.D.CallisterJr,JohnWileyandsons.
4. IntroductiontoCeramics--W.D.Kingery,H.K.BowenandD.R.Uhlmann,JohnWileyandSons.
5. Luminescentmaterials–G.BlasseandC.Grabmaier,Springer-Verlog,1994.
 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, OSMANIA UNIVERSITY
M.Sc. (Physics) - IV Semester Syllabus
(For the batch admitted from 2023-2024 onwards)

Elective Paper-III
Course Code Course Title L T P C
P-403T/EI INTRUMENTATION FOR MEASUREMENT 3 0 0 3
AND DATA TRANSMISSION

Course Objectives: This course enables the students:

COB1 Understand the classification of transducers.
COB2 Study the displacement, strain and pressure measurement.
COB3 Understand temperature sensors.
COB4 Understand concept of flow measurement.
COB5 Understand the methods of data transmission.

Course Outcomes: After the completion of this course the student will be able to:
COC1 Explain the functionality of various transducers.
COC2 Compare the various temperature measuring devices.
COC3 Evaluate the ultrasonic flow meter.
COC4 Explain interfacing transducers to electronic controland measuring systems
COC5 Appreciate the multiplexing in telemetering system.

Unit I
Transducers: Classification of transducers–Active and Passive transducers-
Electricaltransducers- Displacement transducers -Digital transducers -Basic requirement of a
transducer, Displacement Measurement: Variable resistance devices–Variable inductance
devices -Variable capacitance devices.
Strain Measurement: Theory of operation of strain gauge–Types of strain gauges–Straingauge
circuits - Full bridge.
Pressure Measurement: Bourdon Tube- Bellows - Potentiometer device- Strain gauge transducer
–LVDT type transducer.

Unit II
Temperature Measurement: Classification of temperature measuring devices-Resistance type
temperature sensors (platinum resistance thermometer, thermistors) –Resistance thermometer
circuits- Thermocouples-Temperature Control-Liquid level control.
Flow Measurement: Classification of flow meters–Head type flow meters-–Ultrasonic flow
meter- DC and AC Servomotors-Stepper motor.
.
Unit III
Data Transmission and Telemetry:
Analog and Digital Data Acquisition Systems: Interfacing transducers to electronic controland
measuring systems – IEEE 488 Bus.
 Methods of data transmission–General telemetry system-Functional blocks of telemetry system –
Types of telemetry systems–Land line telemetering system-Voltage telemetering systems–Current
telemetering system-Position telemetering system– Land line telemetry–Multiplexing in
telemetering system.

Recommended Books:
1. Modern Electronic Instrumentation and Measurement Techniques –A.O.Helfrick
and W.D.Cooper, Prentice Hall India Publications.
2. Instrumentation Devices and Systems- C.S.Rangan, G.R. Sharma and VSV Mani, Tata
Mc.Graw Hill Publications.
3. Introduction to instrumentation and Control- A.K.Ghosh –Prentice Hall India
Publications.
4. Electrical and Electronics Measurement and Instrumentation –A.K.Sawhney.
5. Transducers and Instrumentation –DVS Murthy, PHI Publications.
 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, OSMANIA UNIVERSITY
M.Sc. (Physics) - Semester-III Syllabus

(For the batch admitted from 2023-2024 onwards)

Elective Paper –III

Course Code Course Title L T P C

P-403T/NS NANO COMPOSITES 3 0 0 3

Course Objectives: This course enables the students:

COB1 Understand the concept of nuclear forces.
COB2 Study the nuclear models and its magnetic moments.
COB3 Understand nuclear decay and nuclear detection.
COB4 Understand concept of interaction of charged particles with matter.
COB5 Understand applications of nuclear physics.

Course Outcomes: After the completion of this course the student will be able to:
COC1 Explain the functionality of various transducers.
COC2 Compare the various temperature measuring devices.
COC3 Evaluate the ultrasonic flow meter.
COC4 Explain interfacing transducers to electronic controland measuring systems
COC5 Appreciate the multiplexing in telemetering system.

Unit-I: Introduction: Nanocomposites, nanofillers, classification of nanofillers, carbon and non-carbon

based nanofillers-synthesis and properties of fillers, Nano composites containing functionalized
nanoparticles : organic and polymer materials for light –emitting diodes,

Polymer nanocomposites: Nanotube /polymer composites, layered filler polymer composite processing –
polyamide matrices, polyimide matrices, polypropylene and polyethylene, matrices, liquid –crystal matrices,
Epoxy and polyurethane matrices and rubber matrices,photo-oxidation of light emitting polymers,
nanoparticles approaches to enhance the lifetime of emitting polymers. (15)

Unit-II: Synthesis of Nanocomposites: Direct Mixing ,Solution Mixing, In –Situ Polymerization, In-Situ
Particle processing ceramic / polymer composites, In-Situ particle processing, metal / polymer
nanocomposites, modification of interfaces, modification of nanotubes, modification of nanoparticles, wear
resisting polymer nanocomposites: preparation and properties, surface treatment, composites manufacturing,
wear performance and mechanism. (15)

Unit-III: Mechanical Properties of Nanocomposites : modulus and the Load –Carrying , capability of
nanofillers, failure stress and strain Toughness, glass Transition and Relaxation Behavior, abrasion and wear
resistance , permeability , dimensional stability constants, thermal stability and flammability, electrical and
optical properties, resistivity, permittivity, and breakdown strength, refractive index, light emitting
devices.(15)
Reference Books:

1. Encyclopedia of Nanotechnology –Hari Singh Nalwa

2. Springer Handbook of Nanotechnology – Bharat Bhushan
3. Handbook of Semiconductor Nanostructures and Nanodevices,Vol1-5-ABalndin,K.L Wang.
4. Nanostructures and Nanomaterials- Synthesis, Properties and Applications –Cao,Guozho
 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, OSMANIA UNIVERSITY
M.Sc. (Physics) - Semester-IV Syllabus
(For the batch admitted from 2023-2024 onwards)

Elective Paper– III

Course Code Course Title L T P C

P-403T/EC MOBILE CELLULAR COMMUNICATIONS 3 0 0 3

Course Objectives: This course enables the students:

COB1 To understand the concept of mobile communication.
COB2 To describe the spread spectrum systems.
COB3 To examine medium access control.
COB4 To describe diversity branch and signal paths.
COB5 To understand the use of satellites in mobile communications.

Course Outcomes: After the completion of this course the student will be able to:
COC1 Explain the fundamental radio propagation and system concepts.
COC2 Compare the various medium accessing methods.
COC3 Evaluate the transmission characteristics of GSM.
COC4 Differentiate GEO, LEO, MEO, routing andlocalization.
COC5 Appreciate the digital video broadcasting.

Unit I

Cellular Concepts: Mobile communications-evolution, Standards, Speech Coder.

Fundamental Radio Propagation and System concepts, Antenna Gain, Propagation
characteristics, model for multipath-faded radio signals.
Spread Spectrum Systems and Diversity Techniques: Concept of Spread Spectrum System,
pseudo-noise sequences, performance of Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Systems, Code
Division Multiple Access, Direct Sequence and Frequency Hopping systems and
synchronization. Concept of Diversity Branch and Signal Paths, Combining and Switching
Methods, Carrier-to- Noise and Carrier- to- Interference Ratio, Performance Improvements.

Unit II
Medium Access Control: Motivation for a specialized MAC, Hidden and exposed terminals,
Near and far terminals, SDMA, FDMA, TDMA, Fixed TDM, Classical Aloha, Slotted Aloha,
Carrier sense multiple access, Demand assigned multiple access, PRMA packer reservation
multiple access, Reservation TDMA, Multiple access with collision avoidance, Polling, Inhibit
sense multiple access, CDMA, Spread Aloha multiple access, Comparison of S/T/F CDMA.

Telecommunication Systems: GSM, Mobile services, System architecture, Radio interface,

Protocols, Localization and calling, Handover, Security, New data services.
Unit III

Satellite Systems: History, Applications, Basics, GEO, LEO, MEO, Routing, Localization,
Handover, Examples.

Satellite applications: Communication satellites, surveillance satellite, navigation satellites.

Global positioning system (GPS) space segment, control segment, GPS receivers, GPS
applications.

Broadcast Systems: Overview, cyclic repetition of data, Digital audio broadcasting, Multimedia
object transfer protocol, Digital video broadcasting,

Recommended Books:
1.Wireless Digital Communications -- KamiloFeher
2.Mobile Communications Jochen Schiller
3. Composite satellite and cable television . R .R Gulati (New Age International Pub)
4.Mobile Cellular Telecommunications W.C.Y. Lee [ Second Edition]
 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, OSMANIA UNIVERSITY
M.Sc. (Physics) - IV Semester Syllabus
(For the batch admitted from 2023-2024 onwards)

Elective Paper – III

Course Code Course Title L T P C

P-403T/BP CELL AND MEMBRANE BIOPHYSICS 3 0 0 3

Course Objectives: This course enables the students:

COB1 To understand the concept of mobile communication.
COB2 To describe the spread spectrum systems.
COB3 To examine medium access control.
COB4 To describe diversity branch and signal paths.
COB5 To understand the use of satellites in mobile communications.

Course Outcomes: After the completion of this course the student will be able to:
COC1 Explain the fundamental radio propagation and system concepts.
COC2 Compare the various medium accessing methods.
COC3 Evaluate the transmission characteristics of GSM.
COC4 Differentiate GEO, LEO, MEO, routing andlocalization.
COC5 Appreciate the digital video broadcasting.

Unit I : Cellular Oscillations and Physics of charged membrane

Cellular Oscillations: Cell, structure of cell, cell division,Electrical oscillatory phenomenon associated
with cellular reproductive cycle. Electrical oscillations related to the contact inhibition of reproduction in
cells.
Origin of cellular spin resonance – A bipolar rotational conduction.Asymmetric cell to cell
polarization.Cellular spin resonance (CSR). Evidences of oscillating electric fields from cells by CSR.
Charged Cell Membrane: Excitable tissues - nerve and muscle cells, action potential, Membrane
models, membrane channels, membrane capacitance, relation among capacitance, resistance and diffusion
between two conductors. Fick’s first law and second law of diffusion. Movement of substance across
membrane: Donnan equilibrium. Potential change at the equilibrium. Ion movement in solution: the
Nernst – Planck equation. Zero total current in a constant field membrane – Goldmann equation.

Unit II: Biological cell Dielectrophoresis and Magnetophoresis

DielectrophoresisBehaviour of charged and neutral matter in (a) uniform and (b) non-uniform electric
fields.Types of polarization.Field geometries – spherical, cylindrical and isomotive.Dielectrophoretic
force in radial field.Dielectrophoretic collection rate (DCR) of cells in radial field. Experimental
technique for DCR of biological cells.Calculation of excess permittivity of cells.Single cell
dielectrophoresis - Experimental technique for the determination retention voltage and calculation of
excess permittivity of lone cells.
Magnetophoresis :Introduction to Magnetophoresis. Behaviour of charge and neutral matter in magnetic
field.Theory and experimental technique of magnetophoresis.Biological applications of magnetophoresis.
Unit III: Physics of natural flying machine

Flight surface (wing); Flight muscles; Sensory organs; Laminar and Turbulant flow, equation of
continuity, bernoulli’s equation, reynold’s number. Basics/Fundamentals of aerodynamics.Wind tunnel–
types. Physics of wing beat – Mechanical oscillator theory; Theory based on Newton’s laws; Theory
based on Dimensional analysis; Mass flow theory. Types of flight – Hovering; forward horizontal flight;
gliding flight; Soaring flight. Aerodynamic forces – lift, thrust and drag. Components of power, Power
requirements of flight.Applications of natural flight to Micro Vehicles.

Recommended Books:
1. Dielectrophoresis – Pohl.
2. Electromechanics of particles – Thomas B.Jones.
3. Intermediate Physics for Medicine and biology – Russel K, Hobby.
4. Bio-physics of Bird Flight – N.Chari.
5. Bio Aerodynamics of avian flight – N.Chari.
6. Fundamentals of Aerodynamics – John D. Anderson, Jr.
 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, OSMANIA UNIVERSITY
M.Sc. (Physics) - Semester-IV Syllabus
(For the batch admitted from 2023-2024 onwards)
P403T/CMP

Elective Paper - III

Course Code Course Title L T P C

P-403T/CMP TRANSPORT PHENOMENA IN SOLIDS 3 0 0 3

Course Objectives: This course enables the students:

COB1 To understand the concept of mobile communication.
COB2 To describe the spread spectrum systems.
COB3 To examine medium access control.
COB4 To describe diversity branch and signal paths.
COB5 To understand the use of satellites in mobile communications.

Course Outcomes: After the completion of this course the student will be able to:
COC1 Explain the fundamental radio propagation and system concepts.
COC2 Compare the various medium accessing methods.
COC3 Evaluate the transmission characteristics of GSM.
COC4 Differentiate GEO, LEO, MEO, routing andlocalization.
COC5 Appreciate the digital video broadcasting.

UNIT-I
Diffusion in solids- Ficks first law and second law, Diffusion coefficient through plane surface,
cylinder and sphere, Application based on second law of diffusion.
Diffusion in a simple cubic structure, Diffusion under external field, Nernst-Einstein relation,
Kirkendall shift.
Ionic conductivity, Ionic conductivity of alkali halides and effect of divalent impurities on ionic
conductivity.
Thermodynamics of Specific Heats: The Specific heat of a linear crystal, Debye theory applied
to a linear crystal and three dimensional crystal.
Temperature dependence of the amplitude of vibrations solids: The Lindemann Law of Melting.
Thermoelectric effects, Thermopower, Seebeck effect, Peltier effect, The Wiedemann-Franz law.

UNIT-II
Electron Transport Phenomenon: Motion of electrons in bands and the effective mass tensor
(semi-classical treatment), Currents in bands and holes.
Hopping conduction, Electrical conductivity of metals- Polorons- small poloron band
conduction; large poloron band conduction; small poloron hopping conduction;
Mott transitions; Ionic Conductivity; Superionic Conductivity- structure, defects and
conductivity.The electrical conductivity at low temperatures, Matheissen’s rule.
UNIT-III
Electronic structure of 1D systems: 1D sub-bands, Van Hove singularities; 1D metals- Coulomb
interactions and lattice couplings.
Electrical transport in 1D: Conductance quantization and the Landau formula, two barriers in
series resonant tunnelling. Incoherent addition and Ohm's law, Coherence-Localization.
Electronic structure of 0D systems (Quantum dots): Quantized energy levels, Semiconductor and
metallic dots, Optical spectra, discrete charge states and charging energy. Electrical transport in
0D- Coulomb blockade phenomenon.
Magnetoresistance and the Hall effect. Magnetoresistance in two band model.

Recommended books
1. Principles of Theory Solids : Ziman
2. Solid State Physics : Singhal
3. Solid State Physics : H.C. Gupta
4. Elementary Solid State Physics : M.Ali Omar
5. Solid State Physics : M.A. Waheb
6. Solid State Physics : Kachchava,
7. Principles of the Solid State Physics : H.V. Keer
8. Introduction to Solid State Physics (7th edition): C Kittel
9. Solid State Physics : W. Ashcroft and N. David Mermin
10. Solid State Physics :A.K. Saxena
 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, OSMANIA UNIVERSITY
M.Sc. (Physics) - Semester-IV Syllabus
(For the batch admitted from 2023-2024 onwards)
Elective Paper- III

Course Code Course Title L T P C

P-403T/OE FIBER OPTIC TECHNOLOGY 3 0 0 3

Course Objectives: This course enables the students:

COB1 To understand the light propagation through an optical waveguide .
COB2 To describe the formation of modes in planar and cylindrical waveguides.
COB3 To examine the transmission characteristics of optical fibers.
COB4 To describe different nonlinear effects in optical fibers.
COB5 To identify the applications of optical fiber.

Course Outcomes: After the completion of this course the student will be able to:
COC1 Explain the propagation of light through an optical waveguide.
COC2 Compare the formation of modes in planar and cylindrical waveguides.
COC3 Evaluate the transmission characteristics of optical fibers.
COC4 Differentiate nonlinear effects in optical fibers.
COC5 Appreciate the applications of optical fiber.

Unit I: Optical fiber Guide: Ray theory transmission: total internal reflection, numerical
aperture, planar wave guides, guided and radiation modes, TE and TM modes in a symmetric
step-index planar wave guide, Nonplanar waveguides, types of fibers – multimode and single
mode; step and graded index, skew rays, modes in optical fibers, modal analysis for a step-index
and parabolic index fibers, cut-off wavelength.

Unit II: Transmission Characteristics of Optical Fibers: Attenuation - material absorption

losses, linear and nonlinear scattering losses, Dispersion - intermodal dispersion in step and
graded index multimode fibers, intramodal dispersion, dispersion modified single-mode fiber,
fiber birefringence, polarization-mode dispersion.
Nonlinear effects of optical fibers: Nonlinear refraction, group velocity dispersion, cross phase
modulation, self-phase modulation, Four wave mixing, stimulated Raman scattering, stimulated
Brillouin scattering, fiber solitons.

Unit III: Optical Fiber communication Systems: Elements of fiber optic system, analog and
digital signals, analog systems – signal-to-noise ratio, digital systems - power budgeting, bit error
ratio, optical transmitter circuit - source limitations, drive circuits for LED and LASER; optical
receiver circuit.
Multiplexing systems: Optical time division multiplexing, wavelength division multiplexing.
Optical Networks: Network topologies, local area networks – SONET/SDH, FDDI, WDM light
wave networks – single-hop and multi-hop operations, ultrahigh capacity networks.

Reference Books:
1. Optical Fiber communications: principles and practice - John M.Senior, Pearson Education,
3rd edition.
2. Optical Fiber communications - Gerd Keiser, McGraw-Hill, 4th edition.
3. Fiber Optics communications - GovindP.Agarwal, Academic Press, 3rd edition.
4. Introduction to Fiber Optics - A.Ghatak and K.Thyagarajan, Cambridge University Press
5. Fiber Optic Communications - Joseph C. Palais, Pearson, 5th Edition.
6. WDM optical Networks - C. Siva Ram Murthy and Mohan Guruswamy, Prentice Hall, 2002.
 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, OSMANIA UNIVERSITY
M.Sc. (Physics) - Semester-IV Syllabus
(For the batch admitted from 2023-2024 onwards)

P 401T/AE
Core Paper - I

DIGITAL SYSTEM DESIGN USING VHDL

Unit- I: Basic Language Elements: Identifiers, Data objects, Data types, Operators.
Behavioral Modeling : Entity declaration, Architecture body, Process statement,
Variableassignment statement, Signal assignment statement , Wait statement, If statement, Case
statement, Loop statement, Exit statement, Next statement, Assertion statement, Report
statement.
Data Flow Modeling:Concurrent signal assignment statement, Concurrent versus sequential
signal assignment, Delta delay revisited, Multiple drivers, Conditional signal assignment
statement, selected signal assignment statement. The unaffected value, block statement,
concurrent assertion statement, Value of a signal
Structural Modeling:An Example, Component declaration, Component instantiation
andexamples, Resolving signal values.Generics,Configuration specification, Configuration
declaration, Default rules, Conversionfunctions, Direct instantiation, Incremental binding.

Unit -II: Subprograms and Overloading:Subprograms - Subprogram overloading, Operator

overloading,Signatures, Default values for parameters.
Packages and Libraries: Package declaration, Package body, Design file, Order of
analysis,implicit visibility, explicit visibility.
Advanced Features:Entity statements, Generate statement, Aliases, Qualified expressions,
Typeconversions, Guarded signals, Attributes, Aggregate targets, more details on ports.

Unit-III :Model Simulation:Simulation - Writing a Test Bench - Converting real and integer to
time -Dumping results into a text file - Reading vectors from a text file - A test bench example -
Initializing a memory -Variable file names.
Hardware Modeling Examples:Modeling entity interfaces, modeling simple elements,
Differentstyles of modeling, modeling regular structures, modeling delays, modeling conditional
operations, modeling synchronous logic. State machine modeling, Interacting state machines,
modeling a Moore FSM, modeling a Measly FSM.

Recommended Books :
th
1. A VHDL Primer- By J.Bhasker., Pearson Education Asia, 11
th
Indian Reprint, 2004.
2. VHDL Programming by Example - By Douglas L. Perry, 4 Ed., TMH., 2002.
3. Introductory VHDL : From Simulation to Synthesis-By SudhalarYalamanchili., Pearson
Education Asia 2001..
4. Fundamentals of Digital Logic with VHDL Design-ByStephen Brown &ZvonkoVranesic.,
THM 2002.
5. Digital Systems Design usingVHDL by Charles H.RothJr.PWS Pub., 1998.
6. VHDL –Analysis & Modeling of Digital Systems-By
ZainalabedinNavabi., 2nd Ed., MH., 1998.
 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, OSMANIA UNIVERSITY
M.Sc. (Physics) - Semester-IV Syllabus
(For the batch admitted from 2023-2024 onwards)

P 402T/AE
Core Paper - II

FEEDBACK CONTROL SYSTEMS

Unit – I :General concepts and Mathematical techniques:

Introduction, Open loop control system, Closed loop control systems, Modern control system
applications .Transfer function concept, transfer function of common networks (RC, RL & RLC),
Transfer function of physical systems, Block Diagram Representation of Control System, Block
Diagram reductions, Signal Flow Graph and Masons Gain formula, Reduction of signal flow Graphs,
Applications of signal flow Graph .

State equations and Transfer Function representation of Physical control system elements:
State Space Concepts, the State Variable Diagram. State Equations Of Electrical Networks, Transfer
Function And State Space Representation Of Typical Mechanical, Electrical, Hydraulic, Thermal
Systems.

Unit – II:
Time domain analysis of control systems: Typical Test Signals for the Time Response of Control
Systems – Steady State Error – Unity Feedback Systems. Steady State Error For A Unity Feedback
System With Step Input, Ramp Input And Parabolic Input – Unit Step Response And Time Domain
Specifications – Transient Response of a Prototype Second Order System – Effect Of Adding Poles
And Zeros To Transfer Functions. The Concept of Stability – Routh-Hurwitz Stability Criterion -
The Stability of State Variable Systems – Root Locus method, Root Locus Concept – Properties and
Construction of Root Loci – Frequency Plots – Polar and Bode plots – Frequency Domain
Specifications – resonant peak , resonant angular frequency and band width of 2 nd Order System -
Nyquist Stability Criterion – Applications.

Unit – III : Design of Control Systems – Introduction, Cascade Compensation Techniques, Minor
loop feedback compensation techniques, and example of the design of a linear feedback control
system – Design with PD controller – Time Domain interpretation of PD controller – Design with PI
controller – Time domain interpretation and design of PI controller – Design with PID controller –
Design with phase lead controller – Time domain interpretation and design of phase lead controller –
Design with phase lag controller – Time domain interpretation and design of phase lag controller –
Design with lead and lag controller – Polo zero cancellation compensation.

Recommended Books
1. Automatic Control systems – Benjamin C. Kuo, (PHI)
2. Modern Control systems – Richard C.Dorf and Robert H. Bishop, Addison Wesley Publications
3. Control systems principles and design - by M.Gopal 2nd edition 2002 (MGH)
4. Control and Systems Engineering – I J Nagarath and M Gopal, (New Age
Int Pub)
5. Modern control engineering – Katsuhiko Ogata –PHI.
 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, OSMANIA UNIVERSITY
M.Sc. (Physics) - Semester-IV Syllabus
(For the batch admitted from 2023-2024 onwards)
P 403T/AE
Elective Paper – III
Guided and Unguided media communication
Unit I
Optical Fiber communication:
Electromagnetic Mode Theory for Optical Propagation- Electromagnetic Waves, Modes in a
planar wave guide, Phase and Group velocity, Phase shift with total internal reflection and
Evanescent fields. Cylindrical optical Fiber-Modes, Mode coupling, Step index fiber, Graded
index fiber and WKB method.
Transmission characteristics - Attenuation, absorption, intrinsic and extrinsic
absorption.intra-modal and inter-modal dispersion.

Unit II
Waveguides and components:
Rectangular Waveguides, Solutions of Wave equations in Rectangular coordinates , TE modes in
Rectangular Waveguides, TM modes in Rectangular Waveguides, Circular Waveguides,
Solutions of Wave equations in Cylindrical coordinates, TE modes in Cylindrical Waveguides,
TM modes in Cylindrical Waveguides, TEM modes in Cylindrical Waveguides, Microwave
cavities, Rectangular cavity resonator, Circular cavity resonator, Semicircular cavity resonator, Q
Factor of a Cavity Resonator.

Unit III
Cellular Mobile communication:
A basic cellular system, Performance criteria, Operation of cellular systems, Hexagonal
shaped cells, Planning a cellular system, Elements of cellular system design, Frequency
reuse, Co-channel interference reduction factor, Hand-off mechanism, Cell splitting,
Concept of Spread Spectrum, Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum,Direct Sequence Spread
Spectrum,Code Division Multiple Access.
Analog And Digital Cellular Systems: Definitions of terms and functions, Introduction to
digital technology, ARQ techniques, Digital speech, Digital mobile telephony, Multiple
access schemes, Global system for mobile (GSM).

TEXT BOOKS :
1. Optical fiber communication- John M. Senior.
2. Optical fiber communication—G Keiser
3. Semiconductor Opto electronics—Pallab Bhattacharya.
4. Microwave Devices and circuits - By S.Y.Liao
5. Fundamentals of Microwave Engineering - R.E.Collin -McGraw-Hill International
6. Mobile Cellular Telecommunications by William C. Y. Lee. [ McGRAW HILL ].
REFERENCE BOOKS :
1. Optical communication system—J.Gower
2. Fundamentals of fiber optical communication and sensor system—
Bishnu P Pal.
3. Integrated optics –Theory and technology—R.Ghunspurger.