25 AUG 17 INTRODUCTION I

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Below is a complete list of the standard contents of Airway Manual. Limited or special coverages may not con-
tain all items, but that material which is included should be arranged in the order outlined.

NAVDATA
Table of Contents (NavData) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I
Aeronautical Information Compatibility (NavData) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
NavData Identifiers on Jeppesen Charts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
NavData Name Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
NavData Change Notices Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
NavData Change Notices – Worldwide Geographic Coverage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
AIRPORT QUALIFICATION/FAMILIARIZATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AQ-1
TABLE OF CONTENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I
GLOSSARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
JEPPESEN AIRWAY MANUAL VERSUS EASA AIR OPS ANNEX III PART-ORO. . . . . . . . . EASA AIR OPS-1
ABBREVIATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
APPROACH CHART LEGEND AIRLINE FORMAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AIRLINE FORMAT-1
CHARTING SYMBOLS LEGEND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SYMBOLS-1
Navaids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SYMBOLS-1
Airspace & Boundaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SYMBOLS-3
Airport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SYMBOLS-4
Routes & Airways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SYMBOLS-7
Airspace Fixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SYMBOLS-8
Lighting Box & Missed Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SYMBOLS-8
Terrain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SYMBOLS-9
Miscellaneous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SYMBOLS-10
ENROUTE CHART LEGEND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ENROUTE-1
Enroute Chart Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ENROUTE-1
Heading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ENROUTE-1
Coverage Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ENROUTE-2
Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ENROUTE-3
Airspace Limits and Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ENROUTE-3
Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ENROUTE-3
Special Use Airspace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ENROUTE-4
Reference Notes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ENROUTE-4
Cruising Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ENROUTE-5
Range Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ENROUTE-5
End Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ENROUTE-5
Chart Graphic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ENROUTE-5
10–1B Chart Legend. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ENROUTE-8
SID/DP AND STAR CHART LEGEND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SID/STAR-1
Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SID/STAR-1
Heading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SID/STAR-1
Briefing Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SID/STAR-2
Minimum Safe or Sector Altitude (MSA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SID/STAR-2
Climb and Routing Instructions Tabulated Text Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SID/STAR-2
Graphic – Information Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SID/STAR-3
Graphic – Lost Communications Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SID/STAR-3
Graphic – Speed Restrictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SID/STAR-3
Graphic – Starting Point and End Point of STAR, DP, and SID Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SID/STAR-3
Graphic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SID/STAR-4
AIRPORT CHART LEGEND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AIRPORT-1
Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AIRPORT-1
Heading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AIRPORT-1
Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AIRPORT-2
Airport Planview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AIRPORT-2
Additional Runway Information Band . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AIRPORT-3
Take-off Minimums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AIRPORT-4
Alternate Minimums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AIRPORT-5
Chart Boundary Line Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AIRPORT-5

© JEPPESEN SANDERSON, INC., 1998, 2017. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

II INTRODUCTION 25 AUG 17

TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROACH CHART LEGEND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .APPROACH-1
Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .APPROACH-1
Heading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .APPROACH-1
Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .APPROACH-2
Approach Briefing Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .APPROACH-2
Minimum Safe or Sector Altitude (MSA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .APPROACH-2
Approach Planview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .APPROACH-3
Approach Planview – RNAV Procedure Differences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .APPROACH-4
Approach Planview – Not To Scale Insets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .APPROACH-5
Non-Precision Recommended Altitude Descent Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .APPROACH-5
Approach Profile View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .APPROACH-6
Descent/Timing Conversion Table – Lighting Box – Missed Approach Icons . . . . . . . . . . . . .APPROACH-7
Landing Minimums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .APPROACH-8
Chart Boundary Line Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APPROACH-11
UNITED STATES AIRPORT SIGN SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Mandatory Signs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Location Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Direction Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Destination Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Information Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Runway Distance Remaining Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
UNITED STATES INSTRUMENT RUNWAY MARKINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Enhanced Taxiway Centerline and Runway Holding Position Markings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
ICAO RECOMMENDED AIRPORT SIGNS, RUNWAY AND TAXIWAY MARKINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Mandatory Instruction Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Information Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Mandatory Instruction Markings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Runway & Intermediate Holding Position Markings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Stop Bars/Runway Guard Lights/Runway Markings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Threshold/Runway Designation/Runway Centerline Markings/High Speed Taxiway
Turn-off Indicator Lights (HSTIL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Runway Touchdown Zone/Runway Aiming Point Markings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Runway Side Stripe Markings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Displaced Threshold Markings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Closed Runways, Taxiways or Parts Thereof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Non Load-Bearing Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Pre-Threshold Area Marking (Chevron Marking) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
CHART LEGEND — EASA AIR OPS AERODROME MINIMUMS (AOM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Take-off Minimums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Circling Minimums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Non-Precision Approach Minimums and Chart Profile View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
CAT I Precision and APV Approach Minimums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Lower than Standard CAT I Minimums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
CAT II Precision Approach Minimums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Other than Standard CAT II Precision Approach Minimums. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
CAT III Precision Approach Minimums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
Aerodrome Minimums Listing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
Depiction of EASA Air Ops AOM in Case of Existing State Minimums. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
VISUAL DOCKING GUIDANCE SYSTEMS (VDGS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
NAV2001, AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION NAVDATA DATABASE AND CHARTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Effective Dates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
General Differences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
Navaids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Waypoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Airways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
Arrivals and Departures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207

© JEPPESEN SANDERSON, INC., 1998, 2017. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 26 FEB 16 INTRODUCTION III
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Approach Procedure (Titles and Omitted Procedures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Approach Procedures (Plan View) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
Approach Procedures (Profile) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Approach Procedures (Missed Approach) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Routes on Charts but Not on Databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Glossary/Abbreviations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217

© JEPPESEN SANDERSON, INC., 1998, 2016. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 28 AUG 15 INTRODUCTION 1 q$i

GLOSSARY
This glossary provides definitions that are unique and abbreviations commonly used in Jeppesen pub-
lications. No attempt has been made to list all the terms of basic aeronautical nomenclature.
Because of the international nature of flying, terms used by the FAA (USA) are included when they differ
from International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) definitions. A vertical bar, that is omitted on all new
pages, tables of contents, tabular listings and graphics, indicates changes.

DEFINITIONS established within controlled airspace, but air traffic

ACCELERATE STOP DISTANCE AVAILABLE advisory service may be provided below and above
(ASDA) — The length of the take-off run available control areas.
plus the length of the stopway, if provided. ADVISORY SERVICE — Advice and information pro-
ACROBATIC FLIGHT — Manoeuvres intentionally vided by a facility to assist pilots in the safe conduct
performed by an aircraft involving an abrupt change of flight and aircraft movement.
in its attitude, an abnormal attitude, or an abnormal AERODROME — A defined area on land or water
variation in speed. (including any buildings, installations and equipment)
ADEQUATE VIS REF (Adequate Visual Refer- intended to be used either wholly or in part for the
ence) — Runway markings or runway lighting that arrival, departure and surface movement of aircraft.
provides the pilot with adequate visual reference to NOTE: The term “aerodrome” where used in the pro-
continuously identify the take-off surface and main- visions relating to flight plans and ATS messages is
tain directional control throughout the take-off run. intended to cover also sites other than aerodromes
ADS AGREEMENT — An ADS reporting plan which which may be used by certain types of aircraft; e.g.,
establishes the conditions of ADS data reporting (i.e., helicopters or balloons.
data required by the air traffic services unit and fre- AERODROME CLIMATOLOGICAL SUMMARY —
quency of ADS reports which have to be agreed to Concise summary of specified meteorological ele-
prior to the provision of the ADS services). ments at an aerodrome, based on statistical data.
NOTE: The terms of the agreement will be exchanged AERODROME CLIMATOLOGICAL TABLE — Table
between the ground system and the aircraft by means providing statistical data on the observed occurrence
of a contract, or a series of contracts. of one or more meteorological elements at an aero-
ADS-B — A surveillance system in which an aircraft drome.
or vehicle to be detected is fitted with cooperative AERODROME CONTROL SERVICE — Air traffic
equipment in the form of a data link transmitter. control service for aerodrome traffic.
The aircraft or vehicle periodically broadcasts its AERODROME CONTROL TOWER — A unit estab-
GPS-derived position and other information such as lished to provide air traffic control service to aero-
velocity over the data link, which is received by a drome traffic.
ground-based transmitter/receiver (transceiver) for
AERODROME ELEVATION — The elevation of the
processing and display at an air traffic control facility.
highest point of the landing area.
ADS-C AGREEMENT — A reporting plan which
AERODROME FLIGHT INFORMATION SERVICE
establishes the conditions of ADS-C data reporting
(AFIS) — A directed traffic information and opera-
(i.e. data required by the air traffic services unit and
tional information service provided within an aero-
frequency of ADS-C reports which have to be agreed
drome flight information zone, to all radio equipped
to prior to using ADS-C in the provision of air traffic
aircraft, to assist in the safe and efficient conduct of
services).
flight.
NOTE: The terms of the agreement will be exchanged
AERODROME METEOROLOGICAL OFFICE — An
between the ground system and the aircraft by means
office, located at an aerodrome, designated to pro-
of a contract, or a series of contracts.
vide meteorological service for international air navi-
ADS CONTRACT — A means by which the terms gation.
of an ADS agreement will be exchanged between the
AERODROME REFERENCE CODE — A simple
ground system and the aircraft, specifying under what
method for interrelating the numerous specifications
conditions ADS reports would be initiated, and what
concerning the characteristics of aerodromes so as
data would be contained in the reports.
to provide a series of aerodromes facilities that are
NOTE: The term “ADS contract” is a generic term suitable for the aeroplanes that are intended to oper-
meaning variously, ADS event contract, ADS demand ate at the aerodrome. The aerodrome reference code
contract, ADS periodic contract or an emergency — code number and letter, which are selected for
mode. Ground forwarding of ADS reports may be aerodrome planning purposes, have the meanings
implemented between ground systems. assigned to them as indicated in the table below:
ADVISORY AIRSPACE — An airspace of defined
dimensions, or designated route, within which air traf-
fic advisory service is available.
ADVISORY ROUTE (ADR) — A designated route
along which air traffic advisory service is available.
NOTE: Air traffic control service provides a much
more complete service than air traffic advisory ser-
vice; advisory areas and routes are therefore not

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GLOSSARY q$i

Code Element 1 Code Element 2

Aeroplane
Code Reference Field Code
Number Length Letter Wing Span Outer Main Gear Wheel Span a)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
1 Less than 800m A Up to but not including 15m Up to but not including 4.5m
2 800m up to but not B 15m up to but not including 24m 4.5m up to but not including 6m
including 1200m
3 1200m up to but not C 24m up to but not including 36m 6m up to but not including 9m
including 1800m
4 1800m and over D 36m up to but not including 52m 9m up to but not including 14m
E 52m up to but not including 65m 9m up to but not including 14m
F 65m up to but not including 80m 14m up to but not including 16m
a) Distance between the outside edges of the main gear wheels.
NOTE: Guidance on planning for aeroplanes with AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION PUBLICATION
wing spans greater than 80m is given in the ICAO (AIP) — A publication issued by or with the authority
Doc. 9157 “Aerodrome Design Manual,” Parts 1 and of a State and containing aeronautical information of
2. a lasting character essential to air navigation.
AERODROME TRAFFIC — All traffic on the manoeu- AERONAUTICAL METEOROLOGICAL STA-
vring area of an aerodrome and all aircraft flying in the TION — A station designated to make observations
vicinity of an aerodrome. and meteorological reports for use in international air
NOTE: An aircraft is in the vicinity of an aerodrome navigation.
when it is in, entering or leaving an aerodrome traffic AERONAUTICAL MOBILE SERVICE — A mobile
circuit. service between aeronautical stations and aircraft
AERODROME TRAFFIC CIRCUIT — The specified stations, or between aircraft stations, in which sur-
path to be flown by aircraft operating in the vicinity of vival craft stations may participate; emergency
an aerodrome. position-indicating radio beacon stations may also
participate in this service on designated distress and
AERODROME TRAFFIC FREQUENCY (ATF) — A
emergency frequencies.
frequency designated at an uncontrolled airport. An
ATF is used to ensure all radio equipped aircraft oper- AERONAUTICAL RADIO, INCORPORATED
ating within the area, normally within a 5NM radius of (ARINC) — An international radio network pro-
the airport, are listening on a common frequency. The viding air-to-ground communications available on a
ATF is normally the ground station frequency. Where subscription (fee) basis.
a ground station does not exist, a common frequency AERONAUTICAL STATION — A land station in the
is designated. Radio call sign is that of the ground sta- aeronautical mobile service. In certain instances, an
tion, or where no ground station exists, a broadcast is aeronautical station may be located, for example, on
made with the call sign “Traffic Advisory.” Jeppesen board ship or on a platform at sea.
charts list the frequency and the area of use when AERONAUTICAL TELECOMMUNICATION SER-
other than the standard 5NM. VICE — A telecommunication service provided for
AERODROME TRAFFIC ZONE (ATZ) — An any aeronautical purpose.
airspace of detailed dimensions established around AERONAUTICAL TELECOMMUNICATION STA-
an aerodrome for the protection of aerodrome traffic. TION — A station in the aeronautical telecommuni-
AERONAUTICAL FIXED SERVICE (AFS) — A cation service.
telecommunication service between specified fixed AIRBORNE COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEM
points provided primarily for the safety of air navi- (ACAS) — An aircraft system based on secondary
gation and for the regular, efficient and economical surveillance radar (SSR) transponder signals which
operation of air services. operates independently of ground-based equipment
AERONAUTICAL FIXED STATION — A station in the to provide advice to the pilot on potential conflicting
aeronautical fixed service. aircraft that are equipped with SSR transponders.
AERONAUTICAL FIXED TELECOMMUNICATION AIRCRAFT — Any machine that can derive support
NETWORK (AFTN) — A world-wide system of in the atmosphere from the reactions of the air other
aeronautical fixed circuits provided, as part of the than the reactions of the air against the earth’s sur-
aeronautical fixed service, for the exchange of mes- face.
sages and/or digital data between aeronautical fixed AIRCRAFT ADDRESS — A unique combination of
stations having the same or compatible communica- 24 bits available for assignment to an aircraft for the
tions characteristics. purpose of air-ground communications, navigation
AERONAUTICAL GROUND LIGHT — Any light spe- and surveillance.
cially provided as an aid to air navigation, other than AIRCRAFT APPROACH CATEGORY (USA
a light displayed on an aircraft. TERPS) — A grouping of aircraft based on a speed
of Vref, if specified, or if Vref is not specified, 1.3
VS0 at the maximum certificated landing weight. Vref,
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VS0, and the maximum certificated landing weight Safety not Assured — The risk classification of
are those values as established for the aircraft by the an aircraft proximity in which the safety of the air-
certification authority of the country of registry. An craft may have been compromised.
aircraft shall fit in only one category. If it is necessary No Risk of Collision — The risk classification of
to maneuver at speeds in excess of the upper limit an aircraft proximity in which no risk of collision
of a speed range for a category, the minimums for has existed.
the next higher category must be used. For example,
Risk not Determined — The risk classification of
an aircraft which falls in Category A, but is circling
an aircraft proximity in which insufficient informa-
to land at a speed in excess of 91 knots, should use
tion was available to determine the risk involved,
the approach Category B minimums when circling to
or inconclusive or conflicting evidence precluded
land. The categories are as follows:
such determination.
Category A Speed less than 91KT. AIRCRAFT STATION — A mobile station in the aero-
Category B Speed 91KT or more but less than nautical mobile service, other than a survival craft sta-
121KT. tion, located on board an aircraft.
AIR DEFENSE IDENTIFICATION ZONE (ADIZ) —
Category C Speed 121KT or more but less
The area of airspace over land or water, extending
than 141KT.
upward from the surface, within which the ready iden-
Category D Speed 141KT or more but less tification, the location, and the control of aircraft are
than 166KT. required in the interest of national security.
Category E Speed 166KT or more. AIR-GROUND COMMUNICATION — Two-way com-
AIRCRAFT APPROACH CATEGORY (ICAO) — munication between aircraft and stations or locations
The ICAO table, depicted in the ATC section “Flight on the surface of the earth.
Procedures (DOC 8168) Arrival and Approach Pro- AIR-GROUND CONTROL RADIO STATION —
cedures”, indicates the specified range of handling An aeronautical telecommunication station having
speeds (IAS in Knots) for each category of aircraft primary responsibility for handling communications
to perform the maneuvers specified. These speed pertaining to the operation and control of aircraft in
ranges have been assumed for use in calculating a given area.
airspace and obstacle clearance for each procedure. AIRMET INFORMATION — Information issued by
AIRCRAFT IDENTIFICATION — A group of letters, a meteorological watch office concerning the occur-
figures or combination thereof which is either identical rence or expected occurrence of specified en route
to, or the coded equivalent of, the aircraft call sign to weather phenomena which may affect the safety
be used in air-ground communications, and which is of low-level aircraft operations and which was not
used to identify the aircraft in ground-ground air traffic already included in the forecast issued for low-level
services communications. flights in the flight information region concerned or
AIRCRAFT – LARGE AIRCRAFT (LACFT) — Term sub-area thereof.
used when referring to ICAO aircraft category DL AIRPORT — An area on land or water that is used
standard dimensions: or intended to be used for the landing and take-off of
– wing span – more than 65m/213ft (max aircraft and includes its buildings and facilities, if any.
80m/262ft); and/or AIRPORT ELEVATION/FIELD ELEVATION — The
– vertical distance between the flight paths of the highest point of an airports usable runways measured
wheels and the glide path antenna – more than in feet from mean sea level. In a few countries, the air-
7m/23ft (max 8m/26ft). port elevation is determined at the airport reference
point.
For precision approach procedures, the dimensions
of the aircraft are also a factor for the calculation of AIRPORT REFERENCE POINT (ARP) — A point on
the OCH. the airport designated as the official airport location.
For category DL aircraft, additional OCA/H is pro- AIRPORT SURFACE DETECTION EQUIPMENT -
vided, when necessary. MODEL X (ASDE-X) — A surveillance system using
radar, aircraft transponders, satellites, and multilater-
AIRCRAFT OBSERVATION — The evaluation of one ation to track surface movements of aircraft and vehi-
or more meteorological elements made from an air- cles.
craft in flight.
AIRCRAFT SURFACE SURVEILLANCE CAPABIL-
AIRCRAFT PROXIMITY — A situation in which, in ITY (ASSC) — A surveillance system using multilat-
the opinion of a pilot or air traffic services personnel, eration and ADS-B aircraft information to track sur-
the distance between aircraft as well as their relative face movements of aircraft and vehicles.
positions and speed have been such that the safety
of the aircraft involved may have been compromised. AIRPORT SURVEILLANCE RADAR (ASR) —
An aircraft proximity is classified as follows: Approach control radar used to detect and display an
aircraft’s position in the terminal area. ASR provides
Risk of Collision — The risk classification of an range and azimuth information but does not provide
aircraft proximity in which serious risk of collision elevation data. Coverage of the ASR can extend up
has existed. to 60 miles.
AIRPROX — The code word used in an air traffic
incident report to designate aircraft proximity.
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AIR-REPORT — A report from an aircraft in flight AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES AIRSPACES — Airspaces
prepared in conformity with requirements for position of defined dimensions, alphabetically designated,
and operational and/or meteorological reporting. within which specific types of flights may operate and
NOTE: Details of the AIREP form are given in for which air traffic services and rules of operation
PANSATM (Doc 4444) and ATC section. are specified.
AIR-TAXIING — Movement of a helicopter/VTOL NOTE: ATS airspaces are classified as Class “A” to
above the surface of an aerodrome, normally in “G.”
ground effect and at a ground speed normally less AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES REPORTING OFFICE —
than 20KT (37kmh). A unit established for the purpose of receiving reports
NOTE: The actual height may vary, and some heli- concerning air traffic services and flight plans submit-
copters may require air-taxiing above 25ft (8m) AGL ted before departure.
to reduce ground effect turbulence or provide clear- NOTE: An air traffic services reporting office may be
ance for cargo slingloads. established as a separate unit or combined with an
AIR-TO-GROUND COMMUNICATION — One-way existing unit, such as another air traffic services unit,
communication from aircraft to stations or locations or a unit of the aeronautical information service.
on the surface of the earth. AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES (ATS) ROUTE — A speci-
AIR TRAFFIC — All aircraft in flight or operating on fied route designated for channeling the flow of traffic
the manoeuvring area of an aerodrome. as necessary for provision of air traffic services.
AIR TRAFFIC ADVISORY SERVICE — A service NOTE: The term “ATS Route” is used to mean var-
provided within advisory airspace to ensure separa- iously, airway, advisory route, controlled or uncon-
tion, in so far as practical, between aircraft which are trolled route, arrival or departure route, etc.
operating on IFR flight plans. AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES (ATS) ROUTE (USA) —
AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL ASSIGNED AIRSPACE A generic term that includes ‘VOR Federal airways’,
(ATCAA) — Airspace of defined vertical/lateral limits, ‘colored Federal airways’, ‘jet routes’, ‘Military Train-
assigned by ATC, for the purpose of providing air ing Routes’, ‘named routes’, and ‘RNAV routes.’
traffic segregation between the specified activities AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES UNIT — A generic term
being conducted within the assigned airspace and meaning variously, air traffic control unit, flight infor-
other IFR air traffic. mation centre or air traffic services reporting office.
AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL CLEARANCE — Autho- AIRWAY (ICAO) — A control area or portion thereof
rization for an aircraft to proceed under conditions established in the form of a corridor equipped with
specified by an air traffic control unit. radio navigation aids.
NOTE 1: For convenience, the term “air traffic control AIRWAY (USA) — A Class “E” airspace area estab-
clearance” is frequently abbreviated to “clearance” lished in the form of a corridor, the centerline of which
when used in appropriate contexts. is defined by radio navigational aids.
NOTE 2: The abbreviated term “clearance” may be ALERFA — The code word used to designate an alert
prefixed by the words “taxi,” “take-off,” “departure,” “en phase.
route,” “approach” or “landing” to indicate the particu- ALERT AREA (USA) — [see SPECIAL USE
lar portion of flight to which the air traffic control clear- AIRSPACE (SUA)].
ance relates.
ALERTING SERVICE — A service provided to notify
AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL INSTRUCTION — Direc- appropriate organizations regarding aircraft in need
tives issued by air traffic control for the purpose of of search and rescue aid, and assist such organiza-
requiring a pilot to take a specific action. tions as required.
AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SERVICE — A service ALERT PHASE — A situation wherein apprehension
provided for the purpose of: exists as to the safety of an aircraft and its occupants.
a. preventing collisions: ALLOCATION, ALLOCATE — Distribution of fre-
1. between aircraft; and quencies, SSR Codes, etc. to a State, unit or service,
2. on the manoeuvring area between aircraft Distribution of 24-bit aircraft addresses to a State or
and obstructions; and common mark registering authority.
b. expediting and maintaining an orderly flow of air ALONG TRACK DISTANCE — The distance mea-
traffic. sured from a point-in-space by systems using area
navigation reference capabilities that are not subject
AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL UNIT — A generic term
to slant range errors.
meaning variously, area control centre, approach
control office or aerodrome control tower. ALPHANUMERIC CHARACTERS (Alphanumer-
ics) — A collective term for letters and figures (digits).
AIR TRAFFIC SERVICE (ATS) — A generic term
meaning variously, flight information service, alerting ALTERNATE AERODROME (ICAO) — An aero-
service, air traffic advisory service, air traffic control drome to which an aircraft may proceed when it
service (area control service, approach control ser- becomes either impossible or inadvisable to proceed
vice or aerodrome control service). to or to land at the aerodrome of intended landing.
Alternate aerodromes include the following:

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GLOSSARY q$i

Take-Off Alternate — An alternate aerodrome at APPROACH CONTROL OFFICE — A unit estab-

which an aircraft can land should this become nec- lished to provide air traffic control service to controlled
essary shortly after take-off and it is not possible flights arriving at, or departing from, one or more
to use the aerodrome of departure. aerodromes.
En Route Alternate — An aerodrome at which an APPROACH CONTROL SERVICE — Air traffic con-
aircraft would be able to land after experiencing an trol service for arriving or departing controlled flights.
abnormal or emergency condition while en route. APPROACH CONTROL UNIT — A unit established
Destination Alternate — An alternate aerodrome to provide air traffic control service to controlled
to which an aircraft may proceed should it become flights arriving at, or departing from, one or more
impossible or inadvisable to land at the aerodrome aerodromes.
of intended landing. APPROACH FUNNEL — A specified airspace
NOTE: The aerodrome from which a flight departs around a nominal approach path within which an air-
may also be an en route or a destination alternate craft approaching to land is considered to be making
aerodrome for that flight. a normal approach.
ETOPS En Route Alternate — A suitable and APPROACH PROCEDURE WITH VERTICAL GUID-
appropriate alternate aerodrome at which an ANCE (APV) — [see INSTRUMENT APPROACH
aeroplane would be able to land after experienc- PROCEDURE (IAP)].
ing an engine shutdown or other abnormal or APPROACH SEQUENCE — The order in which two
emergency condition while en route in an ETOPS or more aircraft are cleared to approach to land at the
operation. aerodrome.
ALTERNATE AIRPORT (USA) — An airport at which APPROPRIATE ATS AUTHORITY — The relevant
an aircraft may land if a landing at the intended airport authority designated by the State responsible for pro-
becomes inadvisable. viding air traffic services in the airspace concerned.
ALTIMETER SETTING — The barometric pressure APPROPRIATE AUTHORITY —
reading used to adjust a pressure altimeter for vari-
a. Regarding flight over the high seas: The rel-
ations in existing atmospheric pressure or to the
evant authority of the State of Registry.
standard altimeter setting (29.92 inches of mercury,
1013.2 hectopascals or 1013.2 millibars). b. Regarding flight other than over the high
seas: The relevant authority of the State having
QFE — The atmospheric pressure setting which,
sovereignty over the territory being overflown.
when set in the aircraft’s altimeter, will cause the
altimeter to read zero when at the reference datum APRON — A defined area, on a land aerodrome,
of the airfield. intended to accommodate aircraft for purposes of
loading or unloading passengers, mail or cargo,
QNE — The constant atmospheric pressure
fueling, parking or maintenance.
related to a reference datum of 29.92 inches of
mercury or 1013.25 hectopascals or 1013.25 AREA CONTROL CENTRE — A unit established to
millibars, used for expressing flight levels. provide air traffic control service to controlled flights
in control areas under its jurisdiction.
QNH — The atmospheric pressure setting which,
when set in the aircraft’s altimeter, will cause the AREA CONTROL SERVICE — Air traffic control ser-
altimeter to read altitudes referenced to mean sea vice for controlled flights in control areas.
level. AREA MINIMUM ALTITUDE (AMA) — The minimum
ALTITUDE (ICAO) — The vertical distance of a level, altitude to be used under instrument meteorological
a point, or an object considered as a point, measured conditions (IMC), that provides a minimum obstacle
from Mean Sea Level (MSL). clearance within a specified area, normally formed by
parallels and meridians.
ALTITUDE (USA) — The height of a level, point or
object measured in feet Above Ground Level (AGL) AREA NAVIGATION/RNAV — A method of naviga-
or from Mean Sea Level (MSL). tion which permits aircraft operation on any desired
flight path within the coverage of the station-refer-
a. AGL Altitude — Altitude expressed in feet mea-
enced navigation aids or within the limits of the capa-
sured above ground level (QFE).
bility of self-contained aids, or a combination of these.
b. MSL Altitude — Altitude expressed in feet mea-
AREA NAVIGATION ROUTE — An ATS route estab-
sured from mean sea level (QNH).
lished for the use of aircraft capable of employing area
c. Indicated Altitude — The Altitude as shown by navigation.
an altimeter. On a pressure barometric altimeter
ARRIVAL ROUTES — Routes on an instrument
it is altitude as shown uncorrected for instru-
approach procedure by which aircraft may proceed
ment error and uncompensated for variation
from the enroute phase of flight to the initial approach
from standard atmospheric conditions.
fix.
APPROACH BAN — An approach procedure, for
ASSIGNMENT, ASSIGN — Distribution of frequen-
which continuation is prohibited beyond a specific
cies to stations. Distribution of SSR Codes or 24-bit
point, and or specified height, if the reported visibil-
addresses to aircraft.
ity or RVR is below the minimum specified for that
approach. ATIS — ASOS INTERFACE — A switch that allows
ASOS weather observations to be appended to
the ATIS broadcast, making weather information
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GLOSSARY q$i

available on the same (ATIS) frequency H24. When AUTOMATED SURFACE OBSERVATION SYSTEM
the tower is open, ATIS information and the hourly (ASOS) — The Automated Surface Observation
weather will be broadcast. When the tower is closed, System, in the United States, is a surface weather
one-minute weather information updates are broad- observing system implemented by the National
cast, and the controller can add overnight ATIS Weather Service, the Federal Aviation Administra-
information to the ASOS automated voice weather tion and the Department of Defense. It is designed
message. to support aviation operations and weather fore-
ATS ROUTE — A specified route designed for chan- cast activities. The ASOS provides continuous
neling the flow of traffic as necessary for the provision minute-by-minute observations and performs the
of air traffic services. basic observing functions necessary to generate an
aviation routine weather report (METAR) and other
NOTE 1: The term “ATS route” is used to mean var-
aviation weather information. ASOS information may
iously, airway, advisory route, controlled or uncon-
be transmitted over a discrete VHF radio frequency
trolled route, arrival or departure route, etc.
or the voice portion of a local navaid.
NOTE 2: An ATS route is defined by route specifi-
AUTOMATED WEATHER OBSERVING SYSTEM
cations which include an ATS route designator, the
(AWOS) — An automated weather reporting system
track to or from significant points (way-points), dis-
which transmits local real-time weather data directly
tance between significant points, reporting require-
to the pilot.
ments and, as determined by the appropriate ATS
authority, the lowest safe altitude. AWOS-A Only reports altimeter setting.
ATS SURVEILLANCE SERVICE — A term used to AWOS-A/V Reports altimeter setting plus visibility.
indicate a service provided directly by means of an
ATS surveillance system. AWOS-1 Usually reports altimeter setting, wind
data, temperature, dewpoint and
ATS SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM — A generic term density altitude.
meaning variously, ADS-B, PSR, SSR or any compa-
rable ground-based system that enables the identifi- AWOS-2 Reports same as AWOS-1 plus
cation of aircraft. visibility.
NOTE: A comparable ground-based system is one AWOS-3 Reports the same as AWOS-2 plus
that has been demonstrated, by comparative assess- cloud/ceiling data.
ment or other methodology, to have a level of safety AUTOMATED WEATHER SENSOR SYSTEM
and performance equal to or better than monopulse (AWSS) — A surface weather observing system
SSR. similar to AWOS and ASOS, providing all the weather
AUTOMATIC DEPENDENT SURVEILLANCE information furnished by ASOS systems. The AWSS
(ADS) — A surveillance technique, in which air- sensor suite automatically collects, measures, pro-
craft automatically provide, via a data link, data cesses, and broadcasts surface weather data includ-
derived from on-board navigation and position fixing ing altimeter setting, temperature and dew point,
systems, including aircraft identification, four-dimen- cloud height and coverage, visibility, present weather
sional position and additional data as appropriate. (rain, drizzle, snow), rain accumulation, freezing rain,
AUTOMATIC DEPENDENT SURVEILLANCE — thunderstorms, fog, mist, haze, freezing fog, as well
BROADCAST (ADS-B) — A means by which air- as wind speed, direction, and gusts.
craft, aerodrome vehicles and other objects can BALKED LANDING — A landing manoeuvre that is
automatically transmit and/or receive data such as unexpectedly discontinued below DA(H)/MDA(H) or
identification, position and additional data, as appro- beyond MAP.
priate, in a broadcast mode via a data link. BASE TURN — A turn executed by the aircraft during
AUTOMATIC DEPENDENT SURVEILLANCE — the initial approach between the end of the outbound
CONTRACT (ADS-C) — A means by which the track and the beginning of the intermediate or final
terms of an ADS-C agreement will be exchanged approach track. The tracks are not reciprocal.
between the ground system and the aircraft, via a NOTE: Base turns may be designated as being made
data link, specifying under what conditions ADS-C either in level flight or while descending, according to
reports would be initiated, and what data would be the circumstances of each individual procedure.
contained in the reports.
BLIND TRANSMISSION — A transmission from one
NOTE: The abbreviated term “ADS” contract is com- station to another station in circumstances where
monly used to refer to ADS event contract, ADS two-way communication cannot be established but
demand contract or an emergency mode. where it is believed that the called station is able to
AUTOMATIC TERMINAL INFORMATION SERVICE receive the transmission.
(ATIS) — The automatic provision of current, routine BRAKING ACTION (GOOD, FAIR, POOR, NIL) —
information to arriving and departing aircraft through- A report of conditions on the airport movement area
out 24 hours or a specified portion thereof: providing a pilot with a degree/quality of braking that
– Data link-automatic terminal information service might be expected. Braking action is reported in
(D-ATIS). The provision of ATIS via data link. terms of good, fair, poor, or nil.
– Voice-automatic terminal information service BRIEFING — Oral commentary on existing and/or
(Voice-ATIS). The provision of ATIS by means of expected conditions.
continuous and repetitive voice broadcasts.

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GLOSSARY q$i

BROADCAST — A transmission of information relat- CLOUD OF OPERATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE — A

ing to air navigation that is not addressed to a specific cloud with the height of cloud base below 5000ft
station or stations. (1500m) or below the highest minimum sector alti-
CARDINAL ALTITUDES OR FLIGHT LEVELS — tude, whichever is greater, or a cumulonimbus cloud
“Odd” or “Even” thousand-foot altitudes or flight lev- or a towering cumulus cloud at any height.
els; e.g., 5000, 6000, 7000, FL60, FL250, FL260, CODE (SSR CODE) — The number assigned to a
FL270. particular multiple pulse reply signal transmitted by a
CATCH POINT — A fix/waypoint that serves as a transponder in Mode A or Mode C.
transition point from the high altitude waypoint nav- COMMON TRAFFIC ADVISORY FREQUENCY
igation structure to the low altitude structure or an (CTAF) (USA) — A frequency designed for the pur-
arrival procedure (STAR). pose of carrying out airport advisory practices while
CEILING (ICAO) — The height above the ground or operating to or from an uncontrolled airport. The
water of the base of the lowest layer of cloud below CTAF may be a UNICOM, Multicom, FSS, or tower
6000m (20,000ft) covering more than half the sky. frequency.
CEILING (USA) — The height above the earth’s sur- COMMUNITY AERODROME RADIO STATION
face of the lowest layer of clouds or obscuring phe- (CARS) — An aerodrome radio that provides
nomena that is reported as “broken”, “overcast”, or weather, field conditions, accepts flight plans and
“obscuration”, and not classified as “thin”, or “partial”. position reports.
CHANGE-OVER POINT — The point at which an air- COMPULSORY REPORTING POINTS — Reporting
craft navigating on an ATS route segment defined points which must be reported to ATC. They are
by reference to very high frequency omnidirectional designated on aeronautical charts by solid triangles
radio ranges is expected to transfer its primary navi- or filed in a flight plan as fixes selected to define
gational reference from the facility behind the aircraft direct routes. These points are geographical loca-
to the next facility ahead of the aircraft. tions which are defined by navigation aids/fixes.
Pilots should discontinue position reporting over
NOTE: Change-over points are established to provide
compulsory reporting points when informed by ATC
the optimum balance in respect of signal strength and
that their aircraft is in “radar contact.”
quality between facilities at all levels to be used and
to ensure a common source of azimuth guidance for COMPUTER — A device which performs sequences
all aircraft operating along the same portion of a route of arithmetical and logical steps upon data without
segment. human intervention.
CHART CHANGE NOTICES — Jeppesen Chart NOTE: When the word “computer” is used in this
Change Notices include significant information document it may denote a computer complex, which
changes affecting Enroute, Area, and Terminal includes one or more computers and peripheral
charts. Entries are published until the temporary equipment.
condition no longer exists, or until the permanent CONDITIONAL ROUTES (CDR) (Europe) —
change appears on revised charts. Enroute chart Category 1,2,3.
numbers/panel numbers/letters and area chart identi-
fiers are included for each entry in the enroute portion Category 1: Permanently plannable CDR during
of the Chart Change Notices. To avoid duplication of designated times.
information in combined Enroute and Terminal Chart Category 2: Plannable only during times
Change Notices, navaid conditions, except for ILS designated in the Conditional
components, are listed only in the Enroute portion of Route Availability Message (CRAM)
the Chart Change Notices. All times are local unless published at 1500 for the 24 hour
otherwise indicated. Vertical bars indicate new or period starting at 0600 the next day.
revised information. Chart Change Notices are only Category 3: Not plannable. Usable only when
an abbreviated service. Always ask for pertinent directed by ATC.
NOTAMs prior to flight.
CIRCLING APPROACH / CIRCLE-TO-LAND CONTROL AREA (ICAO) — A controlled airspace
MANEUVER — An extension of an instrument extending upwards from a specified limit above the
approach procedure which provides for visual cir- earth.
cling of the aerodrome prior to landing. CONTROLLED AERODROME — An aerodrome at
CLEARANCE LIMIT — The point to which an aircraft which air traffic control service is provided to aero-
is granted an air traffic control clearance. drome traffic.
CLEARWAY — An area beyond the take-off runway NOTE: The term “controlled aerodrome” indicates
under the control of airport authorities within which that air traffic control service is provided to aero-
terrain or fixed obstacles may not extend above spec- drome traffic but does not necessarily imply that a
ified limits. These areas may be required for certain control zone exists.
turbine-powered operations and the size and upward CONTROLLED AIRSPACE — An airspace of
slope of the clearway will differ depending on when defined dimensions within which air traffic control
the aircraft was certified. service is provided to IFR flights and to VFR flights
in accordance with the airspace classification.

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NOTE: Controlled airspace is a generic term which b. The required visual reference means that sec-
covers ATS airspace Classes “A”, “B”, “C”, “D”, and tion of the visual aids or of the approach area
“E”. which should have been in view for sufficient
CONTROLLED FIRING AREA (USA) — [see SPE- time for the pilot to have made an assessment of
CIAL USE AIRSPACE (SUA)]. the aircraft position and rate of change of posi-
tion, in relation to the desired flight path. In Cat-
CONTROLLED FLIGHT — Any flight which is subject
egory III operations with a decision height the
to an air traffic control clearance.
required visual reference is that specified for the
CONTROLLER-PILOT DATA LINK COMMUNICA- particular procedure and operation.
TIONS (CPDLC) — A means of communication
c. For convenience where both expressions are
between controller and pilot, using data link for ATC
used they may be written in the form “decision
communications.
altitude/height” and abbreviated “DA/H.”
CONTROL ZONE (CTR) (ICAO) — A controlled
DECISION ALTITUDE/HEIGHT (DA/H) (FAA) — Is
airspace extending upwards from the surface of the
a specified altitude/height in an instrument approach
earth to a specified upper limit.
procedure at which the pilot must decide whether
COURSE — to initiate an immediate missed approach if the pilot
a. The intended direction of flight in the horizontal does not see the required visual reference, or to
plane measured in degrees from north. continue the approach. Decision altitude/height is
b. The ILS localizer signal pattern usually specified expressed in feet above mean sea level/ground level.
as front course or back course. NOTE: Jeppesen approach charts use the abbrevia-
c. The intended track along a straight, curved, or tion DA(H). The decision altitude “DA” is referenced to
segmented MLS path. mean sea level (MSL) and the parenthetical decision
height (DH) is referenced to the TDZE or threshold
CRITICAL HEIGHT — Lowest height in relation to an
elevation. A DA(H) of 1440ft (200ft is a Decision Alti-
aerodrome specified level below which an approach
tude of 1440ft and a Decision Height of 200ft.
procedure cannot be continued in a safe manner
solely by the aid of instruments. DEPARTURE CLEARANCE VIA DATA LINK
(DCL) — Provides assistance for requesting and
CRUISE CLIMB — An aeroplane cruising technique
delivering information and clearance, with the objec-
resulting in a net increase in altitude as the aeroplane
tive of reducing aircrew and controller workload. The
mass decreases.
DCL service shall be initiated by the aircrew at a
CRUISING LEVEL — A level maintained during a sig- suitable time between Ti and Tt where:
nificant portion of a flight.
CURRENT FLIGHT PLAN (CPL) — The flight plan, Ti – the earliest time at which a DCL service can
including changes, if any, brought about by subse- be initiated;
quent clearances. Tt – the latest time after which an aircrew, having
DANGER AREA (ICAO) — [see SPECIAL USE not completed the DCL service, is still able
AIRSPACE (SUA)]. to receive by voice procedures and in due
DATA CONVENTION — An agreed set of rules gov- time, the vocal departure clearance.
erning the manner or sequence in which a set of data The third time parameter of the DCL acknowledge
may be combined into a meaningful communication. procedure is T1 where:
DATA LINK COMMUNICATIONS — A form of com-
munication intended for the exchange of messages T1 – timer implemented in the ATS ground system
via a data link. between the sending by ATS ground system
of the DCL clearance message and the
DATA LINK INITIATION CAPABILITY (DLIC) —
reception by it of the read-back of DCL
A data link application that provides the ability to
clearance message.
exchange addresses, names and version numbers
necessary to initiate data link applications. DEPENDENT PARALLEL APPROACHES — Simul-
DEAD RECKONING (DR) NAVIGATION — The esti- taneous approaches to parallel or near-parallel
mating or determining of position by advancing an instrument runways where radar separation minima
earlier known position by the application of direction, between aircraft on adjacent extended runway centre
time and speed data. lines are prescribed.
DECISION ALTITUDE (DA) or DECISION HEIGHT DETRESFA — The code word used to designate a
(DH) (ICAO) — A specified altitude or height in distress phase.
DIRECT ROUTE - D — A requested route pub-
the precision approach or approach with vertical
guidance at which a missed approach must be initi-
1228763652000

lished on a Jeppesen Enroute or Area chart to assist

ated if the required visual reference to continue the
pilots who have previous knowledge of acceptance
approach has not been established.
of these routes by ATC. Use of a Direct route may
NOTE: require prior ATC approval and may not provide ATC
a. Decision altitude (DA) is referenced to mean sea or Advisory services, or be acceptable in flight plans.
level (MSL) and decision height (DH) is refer- DISCRETE CODE — A four-digit SSR Code with the
enced to the threshold elevation. last two digits not being “00.”

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 28 AUG 15 INTRODUCTION 9
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DISPLACED THRESHOLD — A threshold that is ESTIMATED TIME OF ARRIVAL — For IFR flights,
located at a point on the runway other than the the time at which it is estimated that the aircraft will
designated beginning of the runway. arrive over that designated point, defined by refer-
DISTRESS — A condition of being threatened by ence to navigation aids, from which it is intended
serious and/or imminent danger and of requiring that an instrument approach procedure will be com-
immediate assistance. menced, or if no navigation aid is associated with the
aerodrome, the time at which the aircraft will arrive
DISTRESS PHASE — A situation wherein there is
over the aerodrome. For VFR flights, the time at which
a reasonable certainty that an aircraft and its occu-
it is estimated that the aircraft will arrive over the aero-
pants are threatened by grave and imminent danger
drome.
or require immediate assistance.
EXPECTED APPROACH TIME — The time at which
DME DISTANCE — The line of sight distance (slant
ATC expects that an arriving aircraft, following a delay,
range) from the source of a DME signal to the receiv-
will leave the holding point to complete its approach
ing antenna.
for a landing.
EFFECTIVE DATE/TIME —
NOTE: The actual time of leaving the holding point
FAA and Canada: Aeronautical information in will depend upon the approach clearance.
the U.S. and its territories is generally effec-
EXTENDED OPERATION (ETOPS) — Any flight by
tive on the designated effective date at 09:01
an aeroplane with two turbine power-units where the
Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). The effec-
flight time at the one power-unit inoperative cruise
tive time applies to airspace, airways and flight
speed (in ISA and still air conditions), from a point
procedures. It allows for implementation between
on the route to an adequate alternate aerodrome, is
01:00 and 06:00 local standard time in the U.S.
greater than the threshold time approved by the State
Local authorities may change the date or time of
of the Operator.
implementation due to local operational consider-
ations. Check NOTAMs and contact local ATC for FAA AIR CARRIER OPERATIONS SPECIFICA-
information. TIONS — Document issued to users operating under
Federal Aviation Administration Regulations (FAR)
International: The International Civil Aviation
Parts 121, 125, 127, 129, and 135. Operations Spec-
Organization (ICAO) guidance specifies that
ifications are established and formalized by FARs.
aeronautical information should be effective on
The primary purpose of FAA Air Carrier Operations
the designated effective date at 00:00 Coordi-
Specifications is to provide a legally enforceable
nated Universal Time (UTC). However national
means of prescribing an authorization, limitation
and local authorities often change the effective
and/or procedures for a specific operator. Operations
time to allow for implementation during the local
Specifications are subject to expeditious changes.
night or at other times due to local operational
These changes are usually too time critical to adopt
considerations. When an effective time other
through the regulatory process.
than 00:00 UTC is used, ICAO requires that it be
published in the official Aeronautical Information FEEDER FIX — The fix depicted on instrument
Publication (AIP) of the country. Check NOTAMs approach procedure charts which establishes the
and contact local ATC for information. starting point of the feeder route.
ELEVATION — The vertical distance of a point or a FEEDER ROUTE — Routes depicted on instrument
level, on or affixed to the surface of the earth, mea- approach procedure charts to designate routes for
sured from mean sea level. aircraft to proceed from the enroute structure to the
initial approach fix (IAF).
EMERGENCY PHASE — A generic term meaning,
as the case may be, uncertainty phase, alert phase FILED FLIGHT PLAN (FPL) — The flight plan as
or distress phase. filed with an ATS unit by the pilot or a designated
representative, without any subsequent changes.
ENGINEERED MATERIALS ARRESTING SYSTEM
(EMAS) — High-energy-absorbing material located FINAL APPROACH COURSE — A bearing/radial/
in the runway overrun that is designed to crush under track of an instrument approach leading to a runway
the weight of an aircraft as the material exerts decel- or an extended runway centerline all without regard
eration forces on the aircraft landing gear. to distance.
ENROUTE FLIGHT ADVISORY SERVICE (FLIGHT FINAL APPROACH (ICAO) — That part of an instru-
WATCH) — A service specifically designed to pro- ment approach procedure which commences at the
vide, upon pilot request, timely weather information specified final approach fix or point, or where such a
pertinent to the type of flight, intended route of flight, fix or point is not specified,
and altitude. The FSSs providing this service are indi- a. at the end of the last procedure turn, base turn
cated on Jeppesen Enroute and Area charts. or inbound turn of a racetrack procedure, if spec-
ESTIMATED ELAPSED TIME — The estimated ified; or
time required to proceed from one significant point b. at the point of interception of the last track spec-
to another. ified in the approach procedure; and ends at a
ESTIMATED OFF-BLOCK TIME — The estimated point in the vicinity of an aerodrome from which:
time at which the aircraft will commence movement 1. a landing can be made; or
associated with departure. 2. a missed approach procedure is initiated.

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GLOSSARY q$i

FINAL APPROACH AND TAKE-OFF AREA FLIGHT INFORMATION SERVICE (FIS) — A service
(FATO) — A defined area over which the final phase provided for the purpose of giving advice and informa-
of the approach manoeuvre to hover or landing is tion useful for the safe and efficient conduct of flights.
completed and from which the take-off manoeuvre FLIGHT LEVEL (FL) — A surface of constant atmo-
is commenced. Where the FATO is to be used by spheric pressure which is related to a specific pres-
performance Class 1 helicopters, the defined area sure datum, 1013.2 hectopascals (hPa), and is sep-
includes the rejected take-off area available. arated from other such surfaces by specific pressure
FINAL APPROACH FIX (FAF) — The fix from intervals.
which the final approach (IFR) to an airport is exe- NOTE 1: A pressure type altimeter calibrated in
cuted and which identifies the beginning of the final accordance with the Standard Atmosphere:
approach segment. It is designated in the profile
a. when set to a QNH altimeter setting, will indicate
view of Jeppesen Terminal charts by the Maltese
altitude;
Cross symbol for non-precision approaches and
by the glide slope/path intercept point on precision b. when set to a QFE altimeter setting, will indicate
approaches. The glide slope/path symbol starts at height above the QFE reference datum;
the FAF. When ATC directs a lower-than-published c. when set to a pressure of 1013.2 hectopascals
Glide Slope/Path Intercept Altitude, it is the resultant (hPa), may be used to indicate flight levels.
actual point of the glide slope/path intercept. NOTE 2: The terms “height” and “altitude,” used in
FINAL APPROACH FIX (FAF) (AUSTRALIA) — A NOTE 1 above, indicate altimetric rather than geo-
specified point on a non-precision approach which metric heights and altitudes.
identifies the commencement of the final segment. FLIGHT PATH MONITORING — The use of ATS
The FAF is designated in the profile view of Jeppesen surveillance systems for the purpose of providing
Terminal charts by the Maltese Cross symbol. aircraft with information and advice relative to signif-
FINAL APPROACH FIX (FAF) OR POINT (FAP) icant deviations from nominal flight path, including
(ICAO) — That fix or point of an instrument approach deviations from the terms of their air traffic control
procedure where the final approach segment com- clearances.
mences. NOTE: Some applications may require a specific
FINAL APPROACH — IFR (USA) — The flight path technology, e.g. radar, to support the function of flight
of an aircraft which is inbound to an airport on a final path monitoring.
instrument approach course, beginning at the final FLIGHT PLAN — Specified information provided to
approach fix or point and extending to the airport air traffic services units, relative to an intended flight
or the point where a circling approach/circle-to-land or portion of a flight of an aircraft.
maneuver or a missed approach is executed.
NOTE: Specifications for flight plans are contained
FINAL APPROACH POINT (FAP) (USA) — The in ICAO Rules of the Air, Annex 2. A Model Flight
point, applicable only to a non-precision approach Form is contained in ICAO Rules of the Air and Air
with no depicted FAF (such as an on-airport VOR), Traffic Services, PANS-RAC (Doc 4444), Appendix 2
where the aircraft is established inbound on the final and ATC section.
approach course from the procedure turn and where
FLIGHT VISIBILITY — The visibility forward from the
the final approach descent may be commenced. The
cockpit of an aircraft in flight.
FAP serves as the FAF and identifies the beginning
of the final approach segment. FLIGHT WATCH (USA) — A shortened term for use
in air-ground contacts to identify the flight service sta-
FINAL APPROACH POINT (FAP) (AUSTRALIA) —
tion providing Enroute Flight Advisory Service; e.g.,
A specified point on the glide path of a precision
“Oakland Flight Watch.”
instrument approach which identifies the commence-
ment of the final segment. FLOW CONTROL — Measures designed to adjust
the flow of traffic into a given airspace, along a given
NOTE: The FAP is co-incident with the FAF of a local-
route, or bound for a given aerodrome, so as to
izer-based non-precision approach.
ensure the most effective utilization of the airspace.
FINAL APPROACH SEGMENT (FAS) — That seg-
FORECAST — A statement of expected meteorolog-
ment of an instrument approach procedure in which
ical conditions for a specified time or period, and for
alignment and descent for landing are accomplished.
a specified area or portion of airspace.
FLIGHT CREW MEMBER — A licensed crew mem-
GAMET AREA FORECAST — An area forecast in
ber charged with duties essential to the operation of
abbreviated plain language for low-level flights for
an aircraft during flight time.
a flight information region or sub-area thereof, pre-
FLIGHT DOCUMENTATION — Written or printed pared by the meteorological office designated by the
documents, including charts or forms, containing meteorological authority concerned and exchanged
meteorological information for a flight. with meteorological offices in adjacent flight informa-
FLIGHT INFORMATION CENTRE — A unit estab- tion regions, as agreed between the meteorological
lished to provide flight information service and alert- authorities concerned.
ing service. GBAS-LANDING SYSTEM (GLS) — A system for
FLIGHT INFORMATION REGION (FIR, UIR) — An Approach and Landing operations utilizing GNSS,
airspace of defined dimensions within which Flight augmented by a Ground-Based Augmentation Sys-
Information Service and Alerting Service are pro- tem (GBAS), as the primary navigational reference.
vided.
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GLOSSARY q$i

GLIDE PATH (GP) (ICAO) — A descent profile deter- tion. Grid MORA values followed by a +/- denote
mined for vertical guidance during a final approach. doubtful accuracy, but are believed to provide
GLIDE SLOPE (GS) (USA) — Provides vertical guid- sufficient reference point clearance.
ance for aircraft during approach and landing. The b. Grid MORA (State) altitude supplied by the State
glide slope/glidepath is based on the following: Authority provides 2000ft clearance in moun-
a. Electronic components emitting signals tainous areas and 1000ft in non-mountainous
which provide vertical guidance by reference areas.
to airborne instruments during instrument GRID POINT DATA IN DIGITAL FORM — Computer
approaches such as ILS/MLS; or processed meteorological data for a set of regularly
b. Visual ground aids, such as VASI, which provide spaced points on a chart, for transmission from a
vertical guidance for a VFR approach or for the meteorological computer to another computer in a
visual portion of an instrument approach and code form suitable for automated use.
landing. NOTE: In most cases such data are transmitted on
c. PAR, used by ATC to inform an aircraft making a medium or high speed telecommunications channels.
PAR approach of its vertical position (elevation) GRIP-FLEX MICRO-SURFACING — A thermoplas-
relative to the descent profile. tic compound that uses highly refined, environmen-
GLIDE SLOPE/GLIDE PATH INTERCEPT ALTI- tally safe coal tar derivative for anti-oxidation and fuel-
TUDE — The minimum altitude to intercept the glide resistance qualities to create a stable wearing surface
slope/path on a precision approach. The intersec- for pavements.
tion of the published intercept altitude with the glide GROUND COMMUNICATIONS OUTLET (GCO)
slope/path, designated on Jeppesen Terminal charts (USA) — An unstaffed, remotely controlled ground
by the start of the glide slope/path symbol, is the / ground communications facility. Pilots at uncon-
precision FAF; however, when ATC directs a lower trolled airports may contact ATC and FSS via VHF
altitude, the resultant lower intercept position is then to a telephone connection to obtain an instrument
the FAF. clearance or close a VFR or IFR flight plan. They may
GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS also get an updated weather briefing prior to take-off.
(GNSS) — An “umbrella” term adopted by the Pilots will use four “key clicks” on the VHF radio to
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) to contact the appropriate ATC facility, or six “key clicks”
encompass any independent satellite navigation to contact FSS. The GCO system is intended to be
system used by a pilot to perform onboard position used only on the ground.
determinations from the satellite data. GROUND EFFECT — A condition of improved per-
GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS) — A formance (lift) due to the interference of the surface
space-based radio positioning, navigation, and with the airflow pattern of the rotor system when a
time-transfer system. The system provides highly helicopter or other VTOL aircraft is operating near the
accurate position and velocity information, and ground.
precise time, on a continuous global basis, to an NOTE: Rotor efficiency is increased by ground effect
unlimited number of properly equipped users. The to a height of about one rotor diameter for most heli-
system is unaffected by weather, and provides a copters.
worldwide common grid reference system. The GPS GROUND VISIBILITY — The visibility at an aero-
concept is predicated upon accurate and continuous drome, as reported by an accredited observer.
knowledge of the spatial position of each satellite
HEADING — The direction in which the longitudi-
in the system with respect to time and distance
nal axis of an aircraft is pointed, usually expressed
from a transmitting satellite to the user. The GPS
in degrees from North (true, magnetic, compass or
receiver automatically selects appropriate signals
grid).
from the satellites in view and translates these into
a three-dimensional position, velocity, and time. Sys- HEIGHT — The vertical distance of a level, a point
tem accuracy for civil users is normally 100 meters or an object considered as a point, measured from a
horizontally. specified datum.
GRID MINIMUM OFF-ROUTE ALTITUDE (Grid HEIGHT ABOVE AIRPORT (HAA) — The height of
MORA) — An altitude derived by Jeppesen or pro- the Minimum Descent Altitude (MDA) above the pub-
vided by State Authorities. The Grid MORA altitude lished airport elevation. This is published in conjunc-
provides terrain and man-made structure clearance tion with circling minimums.
within the section outlined by latitude and longitude HEIGHT ABOVE TOUCHDOWN (HAT) — The height
lines. MORA does not provide for navaid signal cov- of the Decision Height or Minimum Descent Altitude
erage or communication coverage. above the highest runway elevation in the touchdown
a. Grid MORA values derived by Jeppesen clear zone of the runway. HAT is published on instrument
all terrain and man-made structures by 1000ft approach charts in conjunction with all straight-in min-
in areas where the highest elevations are 5000ft imums.
MSL or lower. MORA values clear all terrain and HIGH FREQUENCY COMMUNICATIONS — High
man-made structures by 2000ft in areas where radio frequencies (HF) between 3 and 30MHz used
the highest elevations are 5001ft MSL or higher. for air-to-ground voice communication in overseas
When a Grid MORA is shown as “Unsurveyed” operations.
it is due to incomplete or insufficient informa-

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GLOSSARY q$i

HIGH SPEED TAXIWAY / TURNOFF (HST) — A long 3. IIIC — An ILS approach procedure which
radius taxiway designed and provided with lighting or provides for approach with no decision
marking to define the path of an aircraft, traveling at height and no runway visual range limita-
high speed (up to 60KT), from the runway center to tions.
a point on the center of a taxiway. Also referred to d. Some areas require special authorization for ILS
as long radius exit or turnoff taxiway. The high speed Category I approaches. In these areas, an addi-
taxiway is designed to expedite aircraft turning off tional category of approach called ILS is avail-
the runway after landing, thus reducing runway occu- able without special authorization. These ILS
pancy time. approaches have minimums higher than a deci-
HOLDING FIX, HOLDING POINT — A specified sion height of 200ft and a runway visual range
location, identified by visual or other means, in the value of 2600ft. Jeppesen approach charts, at
vicinity of which the position of an aircraft in flight these locations, will have a notation in the chart
is maintained in accordance with air traffic control heading or in the minimum box titles.
clearances. ILS CATEGORIES (USA) —
HOLD / HOLDING PROCEDURE — A prede- a. ILS Category I — An ILS approach procedure
termined maneuver which keeps aircraft within a which provides for approach to a height above
specified airspace while awaiting further clearance touchdown of not less than 200ft and with run-
from air traffic control. Also used during ground oper- way visual range of not less than 1800ft.
ations to keep aircraft within a specified area or at a
b. ILS Category II — An ILS approach procedure
specified point while awaiting further clearance from
which provides for approach to a height above
air traffic control.
touchdown of not less than 100ft and with run-
HOT SPOT — A location on an aerodrome move- way visual range of not less than 1200ft.
ment area with a history or potential risk of collision
c. ILS Category III —
or runway incursion, and where heightened attention
by pilots/drivers is necessary. 1. IIIA — An ILS approach procedure which
provides for approach without a decision
HUMAN FACTORS PRINCIPLES — Principles
height minimum and with runway visual
which apply to aeronautical design, certification,
range of not less than 700ft.
training, operations and maintenance and which
seek safe interface between the human and other 2. IIIB — An ILS approach procedure which
system components by proper consideration to provides for approach without a decision
human performance. height minimum and with runway visual
range of not less than 150ft.
HUMAN PERFORMANCE — Human capabilities
and limitations which have an impact on the safety 3. IIIC — An ILS approach procedure which
and efficiency of aeronautical operations. provides for approach without a decision
height minimum and without runway visual
IFR FLIGHT — A flight conducted in accordance with
range minimum.
the instrument flight rules.
INCERFA — The code word used to designate an
ILS CATEGORIES (ICAO) —
uncertainty phase.
a. ILS Category I — An ILS approach procedure
INDEPENDENT PARALLEL APPROACHES —
which provides for an approach to a decision
Simultaneous approaches to parallel or near-parallel
height not lower than 60m (200ft) and a visibility
instrument runways where radar separation minima
not less than 800m (2400ft) or a runway visual
between aircraft on adjacent extended runway centre
range not less than 550m (1800ft).
lines are not prescribed.
b. ILS Category II (Special authorization required)
INDEPENDENT PARALLEL DEPARTURES —
— An ILS approach procedure which provides
Simultaneous departures from parallel or near-par-
for an approach to a decision height lower than
allel instrument runways.
60m (200ft) but not lower than 30m (100ft) and a
runway visual range not less than 300m (1000ft) INITIAL APPROACH FIX (IAF) — A fix that marks the
for aircraft categories A, B, C (D with auto land- beginning of the initial segment and the end of the
ing), and not less than 350m (1200ft) for aircraft arrival segment, if applicable. In RNAV applications
category D without auto landing. this fix is normally defined by a fly-by waypoint.
c. ILS Category III (Special authorization required) INITIAL APPROACH SEGMENT — That segment of
— an instrument approach procedure between the initial
approach fix and the intermediate approach fix or,
1. IIIA — An ILS approach procedure which
where applicable, the final approach fix or point.
provides for approach with either a decision
height lower than 30m (100ft) or with no INSTRUMENT APPROACH PROCEDURE (IAP) —
decision height and with a runway visual A series of predetermined manoeuvres by reference
range of not less than 175m (574ft). to flight instruments with specified protection from
obstacles from the initial approach fix, or where appli-
2. IIIB — An ILS approach procedure which
cable, from the beginning of a defined arrival route to
provides for approach with either a deci-
a point from which a landing can be completed and
sion height lower than 15m (50ft) or with
thereafter, if a landing is not completed, to a position
no decision height and with a runway visual
range of less than 175m (574ft) but not less
than 50m (150ft).
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GLOSSARY q$i

at which holding or en-route obstacle clearance crite- a. An airport of entry which has been designated
ria apply. Instrument approach procedures are clas- by the Secretary of Treasury or Commissioner of
sified as follows: Customs as an international airport for customs
– Non-precision approach (NPA) procedure. An service.
instrument approach procedure which utilizes b. A landing rights airport at which specific per-
lateral guidance but does not utilize vertical guid- mission to land must be obtained from customs
ance. authorities in advance of contemplated use.
– Approach procedure with vertical guidance (APV). c. Airports designated under the Convention on
An instrument approach based on a navigation International Civil Aviation as an airport for use
system that is not required to meet the precision by international air transport and/or international
approach standards of ICAO Annex 10 but pro- general aviation.
vides course and glide path deviation information INTERNATIONAL AIRWAYS VOLCANO WATCH
(sometimes referred to as “semi-precision”). Baro- (IAVW) — International arrangements for monitoring
VNAV, LDA with glide path, LNAV/VNAV and LPV and providing warnings to aircraft of volcanic ash in
are examples of APV approaches. the atmosphere.
– Precision approach (PA) procedure. An instru- NOTE: The IAVW is based on the co-operation of avi-
ment approach procedure using precision lateral ation and non-aviation operational units using infor-
and vertical guidance with minima as determined mation derived from observing sources and networks
by the category of operation. that are provided by States. The watch is coordinated
NOTE: Lateral and vertical guidance refers to the by ICAO with the co-operation of other concerned
guidance provided either by: international organizations.
a. a ground-based navigation aid; or INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZA-
b. computer-generated navigation data. TION (ICAO) — A specialized agency of the United
Nations whose objective is to develop the principles
INSTRUMENT DEPARTURE PROCEDURE (DP)
and techniques of international air navigation and to
(USA) — A preplanned instrument flight rule (IFR)
foster planning and development of international civil
air traffic control departure procedure printed for pilot
air transport.
use in graphic and/or textual form. DPs provide tran-
sition from the terminal to the appropriate enroute LAND AND HOLD SHORT OPERATIONS
structure. (LAHSO) — Operations which include simultaneous
take-offs and landings and/or simultaneous landings
INSTRUMENT METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS
when a landing aircraft is able and is instructed by
(IMC) — Meteorological conditions expressed in
the controller to hold short of the intersecting runway
terms of visibility, distance from cloud, and ceiling,
/ taxiway or designated hold short point. Pilots are
less than the minima specified for visual meteorolog-
expected to promptly inform the controller if the hold
ical conditions.
short clearance cannot be accepted.
NOTE 1: The specified minima for visual meteorolog-
LANDING AREA — That part of a movement area
ical conditions are contained in ICAO Rules of the Air,
intended for the landing or take-off of aircraft.
Annex 2, Chapter 4.
LANDING DISTANCE AVAILABLE (LDA) (ICAO) —
NOTE 2: In a control zone, a VFR flight may proceed
The length of runway which is declared available and
under instrument meteorological conditions if and as
suitable for the ground run of an airplane landing.
authorized by air traffic control.
LATERAL NAVIGATION (LNAV) — Provides the
INTERMEDIATE APPROACH SEGMENT — That
same level of service as the present GPS stand-alone
segment of an instrument approach procedure
approaches. LNAV minimums support the following
between either the intermediate approach fix and the
navigation systems: WAAS, when the navigation
final approach fix or point, or between the end of a
solution will not support vertical navigation; and,
reversal, racetrack or dead reckoning track procedure
GPS navigation systems which are presently autho-
and the final approach fix or point, as appropriate.
rized to conduct GPS/GNSS approaches.
INTERMEDIATE FIX (IF) — A fix that marks the end
LATERAL NAVIGATION / VERTICAL NAVIGATION
of an initial segment and the beginning of the inter-
(LNAV/VNAV) — Identifies APV minimums devel-
mediate segment. In RNAV applications this fix is nor-
oped to accommodate an RNAV IAP with vertical
mally defined by a fly-by waypoint.
guidance, usually provided by approach certified
INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT (ICAO) — Any airport Baro-VNAV, but with lateral and vertical integrity
designated by the Contracting State in whose territory limits larger than a precision approach or LPV. LNAV
it is situated as an airport of entry and departure for stands for Lateral Navigation; VNAV stands for Ver-
international air traffic, where the formalities incident tical Navigation. These minimums can be flown by
to customs, immigration, public health, animal and aircraft with a statement in the Aircraft Flight Manual
plant quarantine and similar procedures are carried (AFM) that the installed equipment supports GPS
out. approaches and has an approach-approved baro-
INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT (USA) — Relating to metric VNAV, or if the aircraft has been demonstrated
international flight, it means: to support LNAV/VNAV approaches. This includes
Class 2, 3 and 4 TSO-C146 WAAS equipment.
Aircraft using LNAV/VNAV minimums will descend
to landing via an internally generated descent path
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 14 INTRODUCTION 28 AUG 15

GLOSSARY q$i

based on satellite or other approach approved VNAV MAXIMUM AUTHORIZED ALTITUDE (MAA) — A
systems. WAAS equipment may revert to this mode published altitude representing the maximum usable
of operation when the signal does not support “pre- altitude or flight level for an airspace structure or route
cision” or LPV integrity. segment.
LEVEL — A generic term relating to the vertical MEDIUM FREQUENCY (MF) — The frequencies
position of an aircraft in flight and meaning variously, between 300kHz and 3MHz.
height, altitude or flight level. METEOROLOGICAL AUTHORITY — The authority
LOCAL AIRPORT ADVISORY (LAA) — A service providing or arranging for the provision of meteorolog-
provided by flight service stations or the military at ical service for international air navigation on behalf
airports not serviced by an operating control tower. of a Contracting State.
This service consists of providing information to arriv- METEOROLOGICAL BULLETIN — A text compris-
ing and departing aircraft concerning wind direction ing meteorological information preceded by an appro-
and speed, favored runway, altimeter setting, perti- priate heading.
nent known traffic, pertinent known field conditions,
METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION — Meteo-
airport taxi routes and traffic patterns, and authorized
rological report, analysis, forecast, and any other
instrument approach procedures. This information is
statement relating to existing or expected meteoro-
advisory in nature and does not constitute an ATC
logical conditions.
clearance.
METEOROLOGICAL OFFICE — An office desig-
LOCALIZER PERFORMANCE WITH VERTICAL
nated to provide meteorological service for interna-
GUIDANCE (LPV) — Identifies the APV minimums
tional air navigation.
that incorporate electronic lateral and vertical guid-
ance. The lateral guidance is equivalent to localizer, METEOROLOGICAL REPORT — A statement of
and the protected area is considerably smaller observed meteorological conditions related to a
than the protected area for the present LNAV and specified time and location.
LNAV/VNAV lateral protection. Aircraft can fly these METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE — An artificial
minimums with a statement in the Aircraft Flight Man- earth satellite making meteorological observations
ual (AFM) that the installed equipment supports LPV and transmitting these observations to earth.
approaches. This includes Class 3 and 4 TSO-C146 MILITARY OPERATIONS AREA (MOA) (USA) —
WAAS equipment, and future LAAS equipment. The [see SPECIAL USE AIRSPACE (SUA)].
label LPV denotes minima lines associated with
MINIMUM CROSSING ALTITUDE (MCA) — The
APV-I or APV-II performance on approach charts.
lowest altitude at certain fixes at which an aircraft
LOCATION INDICATOR — A four-letter code group must cross when proceeding in the direction of a
formulated in accordance with rules prescribed by higher minimum enroute IFR altitude (MEA).
ICAO and assigned to the location of an aeronauti-
MINIMUM DESCENT ALTITUDE (MDA) (FAA) —
cal fixed station.
Is the lowest altitude specified in an instrument
LOW ALTITUDE AIRWAY STRUCTURE / FEDERAL approach procedure, expressed in feet above mean
AIRWAYS (USA) — The network of airways serving sea level, to which descent is authorized on final
aircraft operations up to but not including 18,000ft approach or during circle-to-land maneuvering until
MSL. the pilot sees the required visual references for the
LOW FREQUENCY (LF) — The frequency band heliport or runway of intended landing.
between 30 and 300kHz. MINIMUM DESCENT ALTITUDE (MDA) OR MINI-
MAGNETIC VARIATION (VAR) — The orientation of MUM DESCENT HEIGHT (MDH) (ICAO) — A spec-
a horizontal magnetic compass with respect to true ified altitude or height in a non-precision approach or
north. Because there is a continuous small change of circling approach below which descent must not be
direction of lines of magnetic force over the surface of made without the required visual reference.
the earth, magnetic variation at most locations is not NOTE 1: Minimum descent altitude (MDA) is refer-
constant over long periods of time. enced to mean sea level and minimum descent height
MANDATORY ALTITUDE — An altitude depicted on (MDH) is referenced to the aerodrome elevation or to
an instrument approach procedure chart requiring the the threshold elevation if that is more than 2m (7ft)
aircraft to maintain altitude at the depicted value. below the aerodrome elevation. A minimum descent
MANDATORY FREQUENCY (MF) — A frequency height for a circling approach is referenced to the
designated at selected airports that are uncontrolled aerodrome elevation.
during certain hours only. Aircraft operating within NOTE 2: The required visual reference means that
the designated MF Area, normally 5NM radius of the section of the visual aids or of the approach area
airport, must be equipped with a functioning radio which should have been in view for sufficient time
capable of maintaining two-way communications. for the pilot to have made an assessment of the air-
Jeppesen charts list the MF frequency and the area craft position and rate of change of position, in rela-
when other than the standard 5NM. tion to the desired flight path. In the case of a circling
MANOEUVRING AREA — That part of an aero- approach the required visual reference is the runway
drome to be used for the take-off, landing and taxiing environment.
of aircraft, excluding aprons. NOTE 3: For convenience when both expressions
are used they may be written in the form “minimum
descent altitude/height” abbreviated “MDA/H.”
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MINIMUM ENROUTE IFR ALTITUDE (MEA) — The MINIMUM STABILIZATION DISTANCE (MSD) —
lowest published altitude between radio fixes that The minimum distance to complete a turn manoeuvre
meets obstacle clearance requirements between and after which a new manoeuvre can be initiated.
those fixes and in many countries assures accept- The minimum stabilization distance is used to com-
able navigational signal coverage. The MEA applies pute the minimum distance between waypoints.
to the entire width of the airway, segment, or route MINIMUM VECTORING ALTITUDE (MVA) — The
between the radio fixes defining the airway, segment, lowest MSL altitude at which an IFR aircraft will be
or route. vectored by a radar controller, except as otherwise
MINIMUM FUEL — The term used to describe a sit- authorized for radar approaches, departures and
uation in which an aircraft’s fuel supply has reached missed approaches. The altitude meets IFR obstacle
a state where little or no delay can be accepted. clearance criteria. It may be lower than the published
NOTE: This is not an emergency situation but merely MEA along an airway of J-route segment. It may be
indicates that an emergency situation is possible, utilized for radar vectoring only upon the controller’s
should any undue delay occur. determination that an adequate radar return is being
received from the aircraft being controlled.
MINIMUM IFR ALTITUDES (USA) — Minimum alti-
tudes for IFR operations are published on aeronauti- MISSED APPROACH —
cal charts for airways, routes, and for standard instru- a. A maneuver conducted by a pilot when an
ment approach procedures. Within the USA, if no instrument approach cannot be completed
applicable minimum altitude is prescribed the follow- to a landing. The route of flight and altitude
ing minimum IFR altitudes apply. are shown on instrument approach procedure
a. In designated mountainous areas, 2000ft above charts. A pilot executing a missed approach
the highest obstacle within a horizontal distance prior to the Missed Approach Point (MAP) must
of 4NM from the course to be flown; or continue along the final approach to the MAP.
The pilot may climb immediately to the altitude
b. Other than mountainous areas, 1000ft above the
specified in the missed approach procedure.
highest obstacle within a horizontal distance of
4NM from the course to be flown; or b. A term used by the pilot to inform ATC that
he/she is executing the missed approach.
c. As otherwise authorized by the Administrator or
assigned by ATC. c. At locations where ATC radar service is provided
the pilot should conform to radar vectors, when
MINIMUM OBSTRUCTION CLEARANCE ALTI-
provided by ATC, in lieu of the published missed
TUDE (MOCA) — The lowest published altitude in
approach procedure.
effect between radio fixes on VOR airways, off airway
routes, or route segments which meets obstacle MISSED APPROACH HOLDING FIX (MAHF) — A
clearance requirements for the entire route segment fix used in RNAV applications that marks the end of
and in the USA assures acceptable navigational the missed approach segment and the centre point
signal coverage only within 22NM of a VOR. for the missed approach holding.
MINIMUM OFF-ROUTE ALTITUDE (MORA) — MISSED APPROACH POINT (MAP) (ICAO) — That
This is an altitude derived by Jeppesen. The MORA point in an instrument approach procedure at or
provides known obstruction clearance 10NM either before which the prescribed missed approach pro-
side of the route centerline including a 10NM radius cedure must be initiated in order to ensure that the
beyond the radio fix reporting or mileage break defin- minimum obstacle clearance is not infringed.
ing the route segment. For terrain and man-made MISSED APPROACH POINT (MAP) (USA) — A
structure clearance refer to Grid MORA. point prescribed in each instrument approach pro-
MINIMUM RECEPTION ALTITUDE (MRA) — The cedure at which a missed approach procedure shall
lowest altitude at which an intersection can be deter- be executed if the required visual reference does not
mined. exist.
MINIMUM SAFE/SECTOR ALTITUDE (MSA) MISSED APPROACH PROCEDURE — The proce-
(FAA) — Altitude depicted on an instrument chart dure to be followed if the approach cannot be contin-
and identified as the minimum safe altitude which ued.
provides 1000ft of obstacle clearance within a 25NM MODE (SSR) — The conventional identifier related
radius from the navigational facility upon which the to specific functions of the interrogation signals trans-
MSA is predicated. If the radius limit is other than mitted by an SSR interrogator. There are four modes
25NM, it is stated. This altitude is for EMERGENCY specified in ICAO Annex 10 (not published herein): A,
USE ONLY and does not necessarily guarantee C, S and intermode.
navaid reception. When the MSA is divided into sec- MOUNTAINOUS AREA (ICAO) — An area of chang-
tors, with each sector a different altitude, the altitudes ing terrain profile where the changes of terrain eleva-
in these sectors are referred to as “minimum sector tion exceed 900m (3000ft) within a distance of 10NM.
altitudes”.
MOVEMENT AREA — That part of an aerodrome to
MINIMUM SECTOR ALTITUDE (MSA) (ICAO) — be used for the take-off, landing and taxiing of aircraft,
The lowest altitude which may be used which will pro- consisting of the manoeuvring area and the apron(s).
vide a minimum clearance of 300m (1000ft) above all
NEAR-PARALLEL RUNWAYS — Non-intersecting
objects located in an area contained within a sector
runways whose extended centre lines have an angle
of a circle of 46km (25NM) radius centered on a radio
of convergence/divergence of 15 degrees or less.
aid to navigation.
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NON PRECISION APPROACH (NPA) PROCE- OPERATIONAL CONTROL — The exercise of

DURE — [see INSTRUMENT APPROACH PROCE- authority over the initiation, continuation, diversion
DURE (IAP)] or termination of a flight in the interest of the safety
NO PROCEDURE TURN (NoPT) — No procedure of the aircraft and the regularity and efficiency of the
turn is required nor authorized. flight.
NORMAL OPERATING ZONE (NOZ) — Airspace OPERATOR — A person, organization or enterprise
of defined dimensions extending to either side of engaged in or offering to engage in an aircraft oper-
an ILS localizer course and/or MLS final approach ation.
track. Only the inner half of the normal operating PILOT CONTROLLED LIGHTING (PCL) (USA) —
zone is taken into account in independent parallel (For other states see Air Traffic Control Rules and
approaches. Procedures.)
NOTAM (ICAO) — A notice distributed by means of Radio control of lighting is available at selected air-
telecommunication containing information concern- ports to provide airborne control of lights by keying
ing the establishment, condition or change in any the aircraft’s microphone. The control system con-
aeronautical facility, service, procedure or hazard, the sists of a 3-step control responsive to 7, 5, and/or
timely knowledge of which is essential to personnel 3 microphone clicks. The 3-step and 2-step lighting
concerned with flight operations. facilities can be altered in intensity. All lighting is illu-
NO-TRANSGRESSION ZONE (NTZ) — In the con- minated for a period of 15min (except for 1-step and
text of independent parallel approaches, a corridor 2-step REILs which may be turned off by keying the
of airspace of defined dimensions located centrally mike 5 or 3 times, respectively).
between the two extended runway centre lines, where Suggested use is to always initially key the mike 7
a penetration by an aircraft requires a controller inter- times; this assures that all controlled lights are turned
vention to manoeuvre any threatened aircraft on the on to the maximum available intensity. If desired,
adjacent approach. adjustment can then be made, where the capability is
OBSERVATION (METEOROLOGICAL) — The eval- provided, to a lower intensity (or the REIL turned off)
uation of one or more meteorological elements. by keying the mike 5 and/or three times. Approved
lighting systems may be activated by keying the mike
OBSTACLE ASSESSMENT SURFACE (OAS) — A
as indicated below:
defined surface intended for the purpose of determin-
ing those obstacles to be considered in the calcula- KEY MIKE FUNCTION
tion of obstacle clearance altitude/height for a specific
APV or precision approach procedure. 7 times within 5 Highest intensity available
seconds
OBSTACLE CLEARANCE ALTITUDE (OCA) OR
OBSTACLE CLEARANCE HEIGHT (OCH) — The 5 times within 5 Medium or lower intensity
lowest altitude or the lowest height above the ele- seconds (Lower REIL or REIL Off)
vation of the relevant runway threshold or the aero- 3 times within 5 Lowest intensity available
drome elevation as applicable, used in establishing seconds (Lower REIL or REIL Off)
compliance with appropriate obstacle clearance cri- Due to the close proximity of airports using the same
teria. frequency, radio controlled lighting receivers may be
NOTE 1: Obstacle clearance altitude is referenced set at a low sensitivity requiring the aircraft to be rel-
to mean sea level and obstacle clearance height is atively close to activate the system. Consequently,
referenced to the threshold elevation or in the case even when lights are on, always key mike as directed
of non-precision approaches to the aerodrome ele- when overflying an airport of intended landing or just
vation or the threshold elevation if that is more than prior to entering the final segment of an approach.
7ft (2m) below the aerodrome elevation. An obstacle This will assure the aircraft is close enough to acti-
clearance height for a circling approach is referenced vate the system and a full 15min lighting duration is
to the aerodrome elevation. available.
NOTE 2: For convenience when both expressions are PILOT-IN-COMMAND (PIC) — The pilot responsible
used they may be written in the form “obstacle clear- for the operation and safety of the aircraft during flight
ance altitude/height” and abbreviated “OCA/H.” time.
OBSTACLE FREE ZONE (OFZ) (ICAO) — The PITCH POINT — A fix/waypoint that serves as a tran-
airspace above the inner approach surface, inner sition point from a departure procedure or the low alti-
transitional surfaces, and balked landing surface and tude ground-based navigation structure into the high
that portion of the strip bounded by these surfaces, altitude waypoint system.
which is not penetrated by any fixed obstacle other POINT-IN-SPACE APPROACH (PinS) — The
than a low-mass and frangibly mounted one required point-in-space approach is based on a basic GNSS
for air navigation purposes. non-precision approach procedure designed for
OBSTRUCTION CLEARANCE LIMIT (OCL) — The helicopters only. It is aligned with a reference point
height above aerodrome elevation below which the located to permit subsequent flight manoeuvring or
minimum prescribed vertical clearance cannot be approach and landing using visual manoeuvring in
maintained either on approach or in the event of a adequate visual conditions to see and avoid obsta-
missed approach. cles.

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POINT-IN-SPACE REFERENCE POINT (PRP) — PRIMARY AREA — A defined area symmetrically

Reference point for the point-in-space approach as disposed about the nominal flight track in which
identified by the latitude and longitude of the MAPt. full obstacle clearance is provided. (See also SEC-
PRECISION APPROACH (PA) PROCEDURE — ONDARY AREA.)
[see INSTRUMENT APPROACH PROCEDURE PRIMARY RADAR — A radar system which uses
(IAP)]. reflected radio signals.
PRECISION APPROACH RADAR (PAR) — Primary PRIMARY SURVEILLANCE RADAR (PSR) — A
radar equipment used to determine the position of surveillance radar system which uses reflected radio
an aircraft during final approach, in terms of lateral signals.
and vertical deviations relative to a nominal approach PROCEDURE ALTITUDE/HEIGHT — Are recom-
path, and in range relative to touchdown. mended altitudes/heights developed in coordination
NOTE: Precision approach radars are designated with Air Traffic Control requirements flown opera-
to enable pilots of aircraft to be given guidance by tionally at or above the minimum altitude/height and
radio communication during the final stages of the established to accommodate a stabilized descent
approach to land. at a prescribed descent gradient/angle in the inter-
PRECISION OBJECT FREE ZONE (POFZ) (FAA) mediate/final approach segment. Procedure alti-
— A volume of airspace above an area beginning tudes/heights are never below the Segment Minimum
at the runway threshold, at the threshold elevation, Altitude (SMA) or Segment Minimum Safe Altitude
and entered on the extended runway centerline. The (SMSA).
standard POFZ is 200ft (60m) long and 800ft (240m) PROCEDURE TURN (PT) (ICAO) — A maneuver in
wide. The POFZ must be kept clear when an air- which a turn is made away from a designated track
craft on a vertically guided final approach is within two followed by a turn in the opposite direction to permit
nautical miles (NM) of the runway threshold and the the aircraft to intercept and proceed along the recip-
reported ceiling is below 250ft and/or visibility less rocal of the designated track.
than ¾ statute miles (SM) (or runway visual range NOTE 1: Procedure turns are designated “left” or
below 4000ft). The POFZ is considered clear even “right” according to the direction of the initial turn.
if the wing of the aircraft holding on a taxiway wait-
NOTE 2: Procedure turns may be designated as
ing for runway clearance penetrates the POFZ; how-
being made either in level flight or while descending,
ever, neither the fuselage nor the tail may infringe
according to the circumstances of each individual
on the POFZ. For approaching aircraft, in the event
procedure.
that a taxiing/parked aircraft or vehicle is not clear
of the POFZ, air traffic control will provide advisories PROCEDURE TURN (PT) (USA) — The maneuver
to the approaching aircraft regarding the position of prescribed when it is necessary to reverse direction
the offending aircraft/vehicle. In this case the pilot to establish an aircraft on the intermediate approach
of the approaching aircraft must decide to continue segment or final approach course. The outbound
or abort the approach. When the reported ceiling is course, direction of turn, distance within which the
below 800ft or visibility less than 2SM, departing air- turn must be completed, and minimum altitude are
craft must do the following. When there is an air traffic specified in the procedure. However, unless other-
control tower (ATCT) in operation, plan to hold at the wise restricted, the point at which the turn may be
ILS hold line and hold as directed by air traffic control. commenced and the type and rate of turn are at the
When there is no operating ATCT, honor the ILS hold discretion of the pilot.
line and do not taxi into position and take-off if there PROCEDURE TURN INBOUND — That point of
is an approaching aircraft within 2NM of the runway a procedure turn maneuver where course reversal
threshold. has been completed and an aircraft is established
PRE-DEPARTURE CLEARANCE (PDC) — An inbound on the intermediate approach segment or
automated Clearance Delivery system relaying ATC final approach course. A report of “procedure turn
departure clearances from the FAA to the user net- inbound” is normally used by ATC as a position report
work computer for subsequent delivery to the cockpit for separation purposes.
via ACARS (Airline/Aviation VHF data link) where PROFILE — The orthogonal projection of a flight path
aircraft are appropriately equipped, or to gate print- or portion thereof on the vertical surface containing
ers for pilot pickup. the nominal track.
PRESSURE ALTITUDE — An atmospheric pressure PROGNOSTIC CHART — A forecast of a specified
expressed in terms of altitude which corresponds to meteorological element(s) for a specified time or
that pressure in the Standard Atmosphere. period and a specified surface or portion of airspace,
PREVAILING VISIBILITY — The greatest visibility depicted graphically on a chart.
value, observed in accordance with the definition “vis- PROHIBITED AREA (ICAO) (USA) — [see SPECIAL
ibility”, which is reached within at least half the hori- USE AIRSPACE (SUA)].
zon circle or within at least half of the surface of the QFE — [see ALTIMETER SETTING]
aerodrome. These areas could comprise contiguous
QNE — [see ALTIMETER SETTING]
or non-contiguous sectors.
QNH — [see ALTIMETER SETTING]
NOTE: This value may be assessed by human
observation and/or instrumented systems. When
instruments are installed, they are used to obtain the
best estimate of the prevailing visibility.
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GLOSSARY q$i

RACETRACK PROCEDURE (ICAO) — A procedure REPETITIVE FLIGHT PLAN (RPL) — A flight plan
designed to enable the aircraft to reduce altitude dur- related to a series of frequently recurring, regularly
ing the initial approach segment and/or establish the operated individual flights with identical basic fea-
aircraft inbound when the entry into a reversal proce- tures, submitted by an operator for retention and
dure is not practical. repetitive use by ATS units.
RADAR — A radio detection device which provides REPORTING POINT — A specified geographical
information on range, azimuth and/or elevation of location in relation to which the position of an aircraft
objects. can be reported.
RADAR APPROACH — An approach, executed by REQUIRED NAVIGATION PERFORMANCE
an aircraft, under the direction of a radar controller. (RNP) — A statement of navigation position accuracy
RADAR CONTACT — The situation which exists necessary for operation within a defined airspace.
when the radar position of a particular aircraft is seen RNP is performance-based and not dependent on a
and identified on a radar display. specific piece of equipment. RNP includes a descrip-
tive number, the value being an indicator of the size
RADAR SEPARATION — The separation used
of the containment area (e.g., RNP-0.3, RNP-1,
when aircraft position information is derived from
RNP-3, etc.). The different values are assigned to
radar sources.
terminal, departure, and enroute operations. Some
RADAR WEATHER ECHO INTENSITY LEVELS — aircraft have RNP approval in their AFM without a
Existing radar systems cannot detect turbulence. GPS sensor. The lowest level of sensors that the FAA
However, there is a direct correlation between will support for RNP service is DME/DME. However,
the degree of turbulence and other weather features necessary DME signal may not be available at the
associated with thunderstorms and the radar weather airport of intended operations. For those locations
echo intensity. The National Weather Service has having an RNAV chart published with LNAV/VNAV
categorized radar weather echo intensity for precip- minimums, a procedure note may be provided such
itation into six levels. These levels are sometimes as "DME/DME RNP-0.3 NA." This means that RNP
expressed during communications as “VIP LEVEL” 1 aircraft dependent on DME/DME to achieve RNP-0.3
through 6 (derived from the component of the radar are not authorized to conduct this approach. Where
that produces the information — Video Integrator DME facility availability is a factor, the note may
and Processor). The following list gives the “VIP read "DME/DME RNP-0.3 authorized; ABC and
LEVELS” in relation to the precipitation intensity XYZ required." This means that ABC and XYZ
within a thunderstorm: facilities have been determined by flight inspection
to be required in the navigation solution to assure
Level 1. WEAK RNP-0.3. VOR/DME updating must not be used for
Level 2. MODERATE approach procedures.
Level 3. STRONG RESCUE COORDINATION CENTER — A unit
Level 4. VERY STRONG responsible for promoting efficient organization of
Level 5. INTENSE search and rescue service and for coordinating the
conduct of search and rescue operations within a
Level 6. EXTREME search and rescue region.
RADIO ALTIMETER / RADAR ALTIMETER — Air- RESCUE UNIT — A unit composed of trained per-
craft equipment which makes use of the reflection of sonnel and provided with equipment suitable for the
radio waves from the ground to determine the height expeditious conduct of search and rescue.
of the aircraft above the surface. RESTRICTED AREA (ICAO) (USA) — [see SPE-
RADIOTELEPHONY — A form of radio communica- CIAL USE AIRSPACE (SUA)].
tion primarily intended for the exchange of information REVERSAL PROCEDURE — A procedure designed
in the form of speech. to enable aircraft to reverse direction during the initial
RADIOTELEPHONY NETWORK — A group of approach segment of an instrument approach proce-
radiotelephony aeronautical stations which operate dure. The sequence may include procedure turns or
on and guard frequencies from the same family and base turns.
which support each other in a defined manner to REVISION DATE — Charts revisions are issued on
ensure maximum dependability of air-ground com- Fridays. Charts are considered effective (usable)
munications and dissemination of air-ground traffic. upon receipt. With regard to the coverages, charts
REDUCED VERTICAL SEPARATION MINIMUMS are issued weekly or bi-weekly.
(RVSM) — A reduction in the vertical separation RNAV APPROACH — An instrument approach pro-
between FL290 – FL410 from 2000ft to 1000ft. cedure which relies on aircraft area navigation equip-
REGIONAL AIR NAVIGATION AGREEMENT — ment for navigation guidance.
Agreement approved by the Council of ICAO nor- RNP TYPE — A containment value expressed as a
mally on the advice of a regional air navigation distance in nautical miles from the intended position
meeting. within which flights would be for at least 95 percent of
the total flying time.
EXAMPLE: RNP 4 represents a navigation accuracy
of plus or minus 7.4km (4NM) on a 95 percent con-
tainment basis.
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ROUTE MINIMUM OFF-ROUTE ALTITUDE (Route RUNWAY MARKINGS —

MORA) — This is an altitude derived by Jeppesen. a. Basic marking — Markings on runways used for
The Route MORA altitude provides reference point operations under visual flight rules consisting of
clearance within 10NM of the route centerline centerline markings and runway direction num-
(regardless of the route width) and end fixes. Route bers and, if required, letters.
MORA values clear all reference points by 1000ft in
b. Instrument marking — Markings on runways
areas where the highest reference points are 5000ft
served by nonvisual navigation aids and
MSL or lower. Route MORA values clear all refer-
intended for landings under instrument weather
ence points by 2000ft in areas where the highest
conditions, consisting of basic marking plus
reference points are 5001ft MSL or higher. When a
threshold markings.
Route MORA is shown along a route as “unknown” it
is due to incomplete or insufficient information. c. All-weather (precision instrument) marking —
Marking on runways served by nonvisual pre-
RUNWAY — A defined rectangular area on a land
cision approach aids and on runways having
aerodrome prepared for the landing and take-off of
special operational requirements, consisting of
aircraft.
instrument markings plus landing zone mark-
RUNWAY EDGE LIGHTS (ICAO) — Are provided for ings and side strips.
a runway intended for use at night or for a precision
RUNWAY STRIP — A defined area including the run-
approach runway intended for use by day or night.
way and stopway, if provided, intended:
Runway edge lights shall be fixed lights showing vari-
able white, except that: a. to reduce the risk of damage to aircraft running
off a runway; and
a. in the case of a displaced threshold, the lights
between the beginning of the runway and b. to protect aircraft flying over it during take-off or
the displaced threshold shall show red in the landing operations.
approach direction; and RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE (RVR) — The range over
b. a section of the lights 600m or one-third of the which the pilot of an aircraft on the centre line of a
runway length, whichever is the less, at the runway can see the runway surface markings or the
remote end of the runway from the end at which lights delineating the runway or identifying its centre
the take-off run is started, may show yellow. line.
RUNWAY EDGE LIGHTS (USA) — Lights used SAFETY-SENSITIVE PERSONNEL — Persons who
to outline the edges of runways during periods might endanger aviation safety if they perform their
of darkness or restricted visibility conditions. The duties and functions improperly including, but not lim-
light systems are classified according to the inten- ited to, crew members, aircraft maintenance person-
sity or brightness they are capable of producing: nel and air traffic controllers.
they are the High Intensity Runway Lights (HIRL), SEARCH AND RESCUE SERVICES UNIT — A
Medium Intensity Runway Lights (MIRL), and the generic term meaning, as the case may be, rescue
Low Intensity Runway Lights (RL). The HIRL and coordination center, rescue subcenter or alerting
MIRL systems have variable intensity controls, where post.
the RLs normally have one intensity setting. SECONDARY AREA — A defined area on each side
a. The runway edge lights are white, except on of the primary area located along the nominal flight
instrument runways amber replaces white on track in which decreasing obstacle clearance is pro-
the last 2000ft or half of the runway length, vided. (See also PRIMARY AREA).
whichever is less, to form a caution zone for SECONDARY RADAR — A radar system wherein a
landings. radio signal transmitted from a radar station initiates
b. The lights marking the ends of the runway emit the transmission of a radio signal from another sta-
red light toward the runway to indicate the end tion.
of runway to a departing aircraft and emit green SECONDARY SURVEILLANCE RADAR (SSR) — A
outward from the runway end to indicate the surveillance radar system which uses transmitters/
threshold to landing aircraft. receivers (interrogators) and transponders.
RUNWAY HOLDING POSITION — A designated SEGMENT MINIMUM ALTITUDE (SMA), or SEG-
position intended to protect a runway, an obstacle MENT MINIMUM SAFE ALTITUDE (SMSA) — An
limitation surface, or an ILS/MLS critical/sensitive altitude that provides minimum obstacle clearance in
area at which taxiing aircraft and vehicles shall stop each segment of a non-precision approach. Segment
and hold, unless otherwise authorized by the aero- minimum (safe) altitudes can be considered “do not
drome control tower. descend below” altitudes and can be lower than pro-
NOTE: In radiotelephony phraseologies, the expres- cedure altitudes which are specifically developed to
sion “holding point” is used to designate the runway facilitate a constant rate or stabilized descent.
holding position. SEGMENTS OF AN INSTRUMENT APPROACH
RUNWAY INCURSION — Any occurrence at an aero- PROCEDURE — An instrument approach proce-
drome involving the incorrect presence of an aircraft, dure may have as many as four separate segments
vehicle or person on the protected area of a surface depending on how the approach procedure is struc-
designated for the landing and take-off of aircraft. tured.
ICAO —

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a. Initial Approach — That segment of an instru- SIGNIFICANT POINT — A specified geographical

ment approach procedure between the initial location used in defining an ATS route or the flight
approach fix and the intermediate approach fix path of an aircraft and for other navigation and ATS
or, where applicable, the final approach fix or purposes.
point. NOTE: There are three categories of significant
b. Intermediate Approach — That segment of points: ground-based navigation aid, intersection
an instrument approach procedure between and waypoint. In the context of this definition, inter-
either the intermediate approach fix and the section is a significant point expressed as radials,
final approach fix or point, or between the end bearings and/or distances from ground-based navi-
of a reversal, race track or dead reckoning track gation aids.
procedure and the final approach fix or point, SLUSH — Water-saturated snow which with a heel-
as appropriate. and-toe slap-down motion against the ground will be
c. Final Approach — That segment of an instru- displaced with a splatter; specific gravity: 0.5 up to
ment approach procedure in which alignment 0.8.
and descent for landing are accomplished. NOTE: Combinations of ice, snow and/or standing
d. Missed Approach Procedure — The procedure water may, especially when rain, rain and snow, or
to be followed if the approach cannot be contin- snow is falling, produce substances with specific
ued. gravities in excess of 0.8. These substances, due to
USA — their high water/ice content, will have a transparent
rather than a cloudy appearance and, at the higher
a. Initial Approach — The segment between the
specific gravities, will be readily distinguishable from
initial approach fix and the intermediate fix or
slush.
the point where the aircraft is established on the
intermediate course or final course. SNOW (on the ground) —
b. Intermediate Approach — The segment a. Dry snow. Snow which can be blown if loose or, if
between the intermediate fix or point and the compacted by hand, will fall apart upon release;
final approach fix. specific gravity: up to but not including 0.35.
c. Final Approach — The segment between the b. Wet snow. Snow which, if compacted by hand,
final approach fix or point and the runway, airport will stick together and tend to or form a snowball;
or missed approach point. specific gravity: 0.35 up to but not including 0.5.
d. Missed Approach — The segment between the c. Compacted snow. Snow which has been com-
missed approach point, or point of arrival at deci- pressed into a solid mass that resists further
sion height, and the missed approach fix at the compression and will hold together or break up
prescribed altitude. into lumps if picked up; specific gravity: 0.5 and
over.
SEGREGATED PARALLEL OPERATIONS —
Simultaneous operations on parallel or near-parallel SPECIAL USE AIRSPACE — Airspace of defined
instrument runways in which one runway is used dimensions identified by an area on the surface of the
exclusively for approaches and the other runway is earth wherein activities must be confined because
used exclusively for departures. of their nature and/or wherein limitations may be
imposed upon aircraft operations that are not a part
SELECTIVE CALL SYSTEM (SELCAL) — A system
of those activities. Types of special use airspace are:
which permits the selective calling of individual air-
craft over radiotelephone channels linking a ground a. Alert Area (USA) — Airspace which may con-
station with the aircraft. tain a high volume of pilot training activities or an
unusual type of aerial activity, neither of which is
SHORELINE — A line following the general contour
hazardous to aircraft. Alert Areas are depicted
of the shore, except that in cases of inlets or bays less
on aeronautical charts for the information of non-
than 30NM in width, the line shall pass directly across
participating pilots. All activities within an Alert
the inlet or bay to intersect the general contour on the
Area are conducted in accordance with Federal
opposite side.
Aviation Regulations, and pilots of participating
SIDESTEP MANEUVER — A visual maneuver aircraft as well as pilots transiting the area are
accomplished by a pilot at the completion of an equally responsible for collision avoidance.
instrument approach to permit a straight-in landing
b. Controlled Firing Area (USA) — Airspace
on a parallel runway not more than 1200ft to either
wherein activities are conducted under con-
side of the runway to which the instrument approach
ditions so controlled as to eliminate hazards
was conducted.
to non participating aircraft and to ensure the
SIGMET INFORMATION — Information issued by safety of persons and property on the ground.
a meteorological watch office concerning the occur-
c. Danger Area (ICAO) — An airspace of defined
rence or expected occurrence of specified en route
dimensions within which activities dangerous to
weather phenomena which may affect the safety of
the flight of aircraft may exist at specified times.
aircraft operations.
d. Military Operations Area (MOA) (USA) — A
SIGNAL AREA — An area on an aerodrome used for
MOA is airspace established outside of a Class
the display of ground signals.
“A” airspace area to separate or segregate cer-

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 28 AUG 15 INTRODUCTION 21
GLOSSARY q$i

tain nonhazardous military activities from IFR tion from the enroute structure to an outer fix or an
traffic and to identify for VFR traffic where these instrument approach fix/arrival waypoint in the termi-
activities are conducted. nal area.
e. Prohibited Area (ICAO) — An airspace of STATION DECLINATION — The orientation with
defined dimensions, above the land areas or respect to true north of VHF transmitted signals.
territorial waters of a State, within which the The orientation is originally made to agree with the
flight of aircraft is prohibited. magnetic variation (an uncontrollable global phenom-
Prohibited Area (USA) — Airspace designated enon) at the site. Hence station declination (fixed by
under FAR Part 73 within which no person may man) may differ from changed magnetic variation
operate an aircraft without the permission of the until the station is reoriented.
using agency. STOPWAY — A defined rectangular area on the
f. Restricted Area (ICAO) — An airspace of ground at the end of take-off run available prepared
defined dimensions, above the land areas or as a suitable area in which an aircraft can be stopped
territorial waters of a State, within which the in the case of an abandoned take-off.
flight of aircraft is restricted in accordance with SUBSTITUTE ROUTE — A route assigned to pilots
certain specified conditions. when any part of an airway or route is unusable
Restricted Area (USA) — Airspace designated because of navaid status.
under Part 73, within which the flight of air- SUNSET AND SUNRISE — The mean solar times
craft, while not wholly prohibited, is subject of sunset and sunrise as published in the Nautical
to restriction. Most restricted areas are des- Almanac, converted to local standard time for the
ignated joint use and IFR/VFR operations in locality concerned. Within Alaska, the end of evening
the area may be authorized by the controlling civil twilight and the beginning of morning civil twilight,
ATC facility when it is not being utilized by the as defined for each locality.
using agency. Restricted areas are depicted on SURFACE MOVEMENT GUIDANCE AND CON-
enroute charts. Where joint use is authorized, TROL SYSTEM (SMGCS) (USA) — Provisions for
the name of the ATC controlling facility is also guidance and control or regulation for facilities, infor-
shown. mation, and advice necessary for pilots of aircraft
g. Warning Area (USA) — A warning area is and drivers of ground vehicles to find their way on the
airspace of defined dimensions from 3NM out- airport during low visibility operations and to keep
ward from the coast of the United States, that the aircraft or vehicles on the surfaces or within the
contains activity that may be hazardous to areas intended for their use. Low visibility operations
nonparticipating aircraft. The purpose of such for this system means reported conditions of RVR
warning areas is to warn nonparticipating pilots 1200 or less.
of the potential danger. A warning area may be SURVEILLANCE APPROACH (ASR) — An instru-
located over domestic or international waters or ment approach wherein the air traffic controller issues
both. instructions, for pilot compliance, based on aircraft
SPECIAL VFR FLIGHT — A VFR flight cleared by position in relation to the final approach course
air traffic control to operate within a control zone in (azimuth), and the distance (range) from the end
meteorological conditions below VMC. of the runway as displayed on the controller’s radar
STANDARD INSTRUMENT ARRIVAL (STAR) scope. The controller will provide recommended
(ICAO) — A designated instrument flight rule (IFR) altitudes on final approach if requested by the pilot.
arrival route linking a significant point, normally on SURVEILLANCE RADAR — Radar equipment used
an ATS route, with a point from which a published to determine the position of an aircraft in range and
instrument approach procedure can be commenced. azimuth.
STANDARD INSTRUMENT DEPARTURE (SID) TAKE-OFF DISTANCE AVAILABLE (TODA)
(ICAO) — A designated instrument flight rule (IFR) (ICAO) — The length of the take-off run avail-
departure route linking the aerodrome or a specified able plus the length of the clearway, if provided.
runway of the aerodrome with a specified point, TAKE-OFF RUN AVAILABLE (TORA) (ICAO) — The
normally on a designated ATS route, at which the length of runway declared available and suitable for
enroute phase of a flight commences. the ground run of an airplane taking off.
STANDARD INSTRUMENT DEPARTURE (SID) TAXIING — Movement of an aircraft on the surface of
(USA) — A preplanned instrument flight rule (IFR) an aerodrome under its own power, excluding take-off
air traffic control departure procedure printed for pilot and landing.
use in graphic and/or textual form. SIDs provide tran-
TAXIWAY — A defined path on a land aerodrome
sition from the terminal to the appropriate enroute
established for the taxiing of aircraft and intended to
structure.
provide a link between one part of the aerodrome and
STANDARD ISOBARIC SURFACE — An isobaric another, including:
surface used on a world-wide basis for representing
Aircraft Stand Taxilane — A portion of an apron
and analyzing the conditions in the atmosphere.
designated as a taxiway and intended to provide
STANDARD TERMINAL ARRIVAL ROUTE (STAR) access to aircraft stands only.
(USA) — A preplanned instrument flight rule (IFR) air
traffic control arrival procedure published for pilot use
in graphic and/or textual form. STARs provide transi-
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GLOSSARY q$i

Apron Taxiway — A portion of a taxiway system is to provide separation between all participating
located on an apron and intended to provide a VFR aircraft and all IFR aircraft operating within
through taxi route across the apron. the area defined as a TRSA.
Rapid Exit Taxiway — A taxiway connected to a c. Class “B” Service — This service provides, in
runway at an acute angle and designed to allow addition to basic radar service, approved sep-
landing aeroplanes to turn off at higher speeds aration of aircraft based on IFR, VFR, and/or
than are achieved on other exit taxi-ways and weight, and sequencing of VFR arrivals to the
thereby minimizing runway occupancy times. primary airport(s).
TERMINAL CONTROL AREA (ICAO) — A control d. Class “C” Service — This service provides,
area normally established at the confluence of ATS in addition to basic radar service, approved
routes in the vicinity of one or more major aero- separation between IFR and VFR aircraft, and
dromes. sequencing of VFR aircraft, and sequencing of
TERMINAL ARRIVAL AREA (FAA) / TERMINAL VFR arrivals to the primary airport.
AREA ALTITUDE (TAA) (ICAO) — Provides a TERMINAL RADAR SERVICE AREA (TRSA)
seamless and efficient transition from the enroute (USA) — Airspace surrounding designated airports
structure to the terminal environment to an underly- wherein ATC provides radar vectoring, sequencing
ing RNAV instrument approach procedure for FMS and separation on a full-time basis for all IFR and
and/or GPS equipped aircraft. Minimum altitudes participating VFR aircraft. Service provided in a
depict standard obstacle clearances compatible TRSA is called Stage III Service. Pilots’ participation
with the associated instrument approach procedure. is urged but is not mandatory.
TAAs will not be found on all RNAV procedures, THRESHOLD (THR) — The beginning of that portion
particularly in areas with a heavy concentration of of the runway usable for landing.
air traffic. When the TAA is published, it replaces the
THRESHOLD CROSSING HEIGHT (TCH) — The
MSA for that approach procedure. A standard race-
theoretical height above the runway threshold at
track holding pattern may be provided at the center
which the aircraft’s glide slope antenna (or equiva-
IAF, and if present may be necessary for course
lent position) would be if the aircraft maintains the
reversal and for altitude adjustment for entry into the
trajectory of the ILS glide slope, MLS glide path or
procedure. In the latter case, the pattern provides
charted descent angle.
an extended distance for the descent as required
by the procedure. The published procedure will be TOTAL ESTIMATED ELAPSED TIME — For IFR
annotated to indicate when the course reversal is not flights, the estimated time required from take-off to
necessary when flying within a particular TAA (e.g., arrive over that designated point, defined by refer-
"NoPT"). Otherwise, the pilot is expected to execute ence to navigation aids, from which it is intended
the course reversal under the provisions of 14 CFR that an instrument approach procedure will be com-
Section 91.175 (USA). The pilot may elect to use the menced, or, if no navigation aid is associated with
course reversal pattern when it is not required by the destination aerodrome, to arrive over the destina-
the procedure, but must inform air traffic control and tion aerodrome. For VFR flights, the estimated time
receive clearance to do so. required from take-off to arrive over the destination
aerodrome.
TERMINAL VFR RADAR SERVICE (USA) — A
national program instituted to extend the terminal TOUCHDOWN — The point where the nominal glide
radar services provided instrument flight rules (IFR) path intercepts the runway.
aircraft to visual flight rules (VFR) aircraft. The pro- NOTE: “Touchdown” as defined above is only a datum
gram is divided into four types of service referred to and is not necessarily the actual point at which the
as basic radar service, terminal radar service area aircraft will touch the runway.
(TRSA) service, Class “B” service and Class “C” TOUCHDOWN ZONE ELEVATION (TDZE) — The
service. highest elevation in the first 3000ft of the landing sur-
a. Basic Radar Service — These services are face.
provided for VFR aircraft by all commissioned TRACK — The projection on the earth’s surface of
terminal radar facilities. Basic radar service the path of an aircraft, the direction of which path at
includes safety alerts, traffic advisories, limited any point is usually expressed in degrees from North
radar vectoring when requested by the pilot, and (true, magnetic or grid).
sequencing at locations where procedures have
TRAFFIC ALERT AND COLLISION AVOIDANCE
been established for this purpose and/or when
SYSTEM (TCAS) — An airborne collision avoidance
covered by a letter of agreement. The purpose
system based on radar beacon signals which oper-
of this service is to adjust the flow of arriving
ates independent of ground-based equipment.
IFR and VFR aircraft into the traffic pattern in a
safe and orderly manner and to provide traffic TCAS-I generates traffic advisory only;
advisories to departing VFR aircraft. TCAS-II generates traffic advisories, and resolution
b. TRSA Service — This service provides, in addi- (collision avoidance) advisories in the vertical plane.
tion to basic radar service, sequencing of all TRAFFIC AVOIDANCE ADVICE — Advice provided
IFR and participating VFR aircraft to the pri- by an air traffic services unit specifying manoeuvres
mary airport and separation between all partici- to assist a pilot to avoid a collision.
pating VFR aircraft. The purpose of this service

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TRAFFIC INFORMATION — Information issued by VERTICAL PATH ANGLE (VPA) (ICAO) — Angle of
an air traffic services unit to alert a pilot to other the published final approach descent in Baro-VNAV
known or observed air traffic which may be in prox- procedures.
imity to the position or intended route of flight and to VERTICAL PATH ANGLE (VPA) (USA) — The
help the pilot avoid a collision. descent angle shown on some non-precision
TRANSITION ALTITUDE (TA) — The altitude in the approaches describing the geometric descent path
vicinity of an airport at or below which the vertical from the Final approach fix (FAF), or on occasion
position of an aircraft is controlled by reference to from an intervening stepdown fix, to the Threshold
altitudes (MSL). Crossing Height (TCH). This angle may or may not
TRANSITION HEIGHT — The height in the vicinity coincide with the angle projected by a Visual Glide
of an airport at or below which the vertical position Slope Indicator (VASI, PAPI, PLASI, etc.)
of an aircraft is expressed in height above the airport VERY HIGH FREQUENCY (VHF) — The frequencies
reference datum. between 30MHz and 300MHz (200MHz – 3GHz is
TRANSITION LAYER — The airspace between the considered as UHF in the Aviation).
transition altitude and the transition level. Aircraft VFR FLIGHT — A flight conducted in accordance
descending through the transition layer will use with the visual flight rules.
altimeters set to local station pressure, while depart- VIBAL — (Visibilité Balise) Is the method whereby
ing aircraft climbing through the layer will be using a human observer (or pilot in take-off position) deter-
standard altimeter setting (QNE) of 29.92 inches of mines the RVR by counting specific markers adjacent
Mercury, 1013.2 millibars, or 1013.2 hectopascals. to the runway or by counting runway edge lights.
TRANSITION LEVEL (TL) — The lowest flight level VISIBILITY (ICAO) — The ability, as determined by
available for use above the transition altitude. atmospheric conditions and expressed in units of dis-
TROPICAL CYCLONE — Generic term for a tance, to see and identify prominent unlighted objects
non-frontal synoptic-scale cyclone originating over by day and prominent lighted objects by night.
tropical or sub-tropical waters with organized con- a. Flight Visibility — The visibility forward from the
vection and definite cyclonic surface wind circulation. cockpit of an aircraft in flight.
TROPICAL CYCLONE ADVISORY CENTRE b. Ground Visibility — The visibility at an aero-
(TCAC) — A meteorological centre designated drome as reported by an accredited observer.
by regional air navigation agreement to provide
c. Runway Visual Range (RVR) — The range over
advisory information to meteorological watch offices,
which the pilot of an aircraft on the centerline of
world area forecast centres and international OPMET
a runway can see the runway surface markings
databanks regarding the position, forecast direction
or the lights delineating the runway or identifying
and speed of movement, central pressure and maxi-
its centerline.
mum surface wind of tropical cyclones.
VISIBILITY (USA) — The ability, as determined by
TURN ANTICIPATION — Turning maneuver initiated
atmospheric conditions and expressed in units of dis-
prior to reaching the actual airspace fix or turn point
tance, to see and identify prominent unlighted objects
that is intended to keep the aircraft within established
by day and prominent lighted objects by night. Visibil-
airway or route boundaries.
ity is reported as statute or nautical miles, hundreds
UNCERTAINTY PHASE — A situation wherein of feet or meters.
uncertainty exists as to the safety of an aircraft and
a. Flight Visibility — The average forward horizon-
its occupants.
tal distance, from the cockpit of an aircraft in
UNMANNED FREE BALLOON — A non-power- flight, at which prominent unlighted objects may
driven, unmanned, lighter-than-air aircraft in free be seen and identified by day and prominent
flight. lighted objects may be seen and identified by
NOTE: Unmanned free balloons are classified as night.
heavy, medium or light in accordance with specifica- b. Ground Visibility — Prevailing horizontal visibil-
tions contained in ICAO Rules of the Air, Annex 2, ity near the earth’s surface as reported by the
Appendix 4. United States National Weather Service or an
UPPER-AIR CHART — A meteorological chart relat- accredited observer.
ing to a specified upper-air surface or layer of the c. Prevailing Visibility — The greatest horizontal
atmosphere. visibility equaled or exceeded throughout at
URGENCY — A condition concerning the safety of an least half the horizon circle which need not
aircraft or other vehicle, or of some person on board necessarily be continuous.
or within sight, but which does not require immediate d. Runway Visibility Value (RVV) — The visibility
assistance. determined for a particular runway by a trans-
VECTORING — Provision of navigational guidance missometer. A meter provides a continuous indi-
to aircraft in the form of specific headings, based on cation of the visibility (reported in miles or frac-
the use of an ATS surveillance system. tions of miles) for the runway. RVV is used in lieu
VERTICAL NAVIGATION (VNAV) — That function of prevailing visibility in determining minimums
of RNAV equipment which provides guidance in the for a particular runway.
vertical plane.

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GLOSSARY q$i

e. Runway Visual Range (RVR) — An instru- flight information centres, world area forecast cen-
mentally derived value, based on standard tres, relevant regional area forecast centres and inter-
calibrations, that represents the horizontal dis- national OPMET data banks regarding the lateral and
tance a pilot will see down the runway from vertical extent and forecast movement of volcanic ash
the approach end; it is based on the sighting in the atmosphere following volcanic eruptions.
of either high intensity runway lights or on the VOLMET BROADCAST — Provision of current
visual contrast of other targets whichever yields aerodrome meteorological reports (METAR) and
the greater visual range. RVR, in contrast to special meteorological reports (SPECI), aerodrome
prevailing or runway visibility, is based on what forecasts (TAF), SIGMET by means of continuous
a pilot in a moving aircraft should see look- and repetitive voice broadcasts for aircraft in flight.
ing down the runway. RVR is horizontal visual
VOLMET DATA LINK SERVICE (D-VOLMET) —
range, not slant visual range. It is based on the
Provision of current METAR, SPECI, TAF, SIGMET,
measurement of a transmissometer made near
special air-reports not covered by SIGMET and,
the touchdown point of the instrument runway
where available, AIRMET via data link.
and is reported in hundreds of feet. RVR is
used in lieu of RVV and/or prevailing visibility in WARNING AREA (USA) — [see SPECIAL USE
determining minimums for a particular runway. AIRSPACE (SUA)].
1. Touchdown RVR — The RVR visibility WAYPOINT — A specified geographical location
readout values obtained from RVR equip- used to define an area navigation route or the flight
ment serving the runway touchdown zone. path of an aircraft employing area navigation. Way-
points are identified as either:
2. Mid-RVR — The RVR readout values
obtained from RVR equipment located Fly-by waypoint — A fly-by waypoint requires the
midfield of the runway. use of turn anticipation to avoid overshoot of the
next flight segment; or
3. Rollout RVR — The RVR readout values
obtained from RVR equipment located Fly-over waypoint — A fly-over waypoint pre-
nearest the rollout end of the runway. cludes any turn until the waypoint is overflown
and is followed by an intercept maneuver of the
VISUAL APPROACH (ICAO) — An approach by
next flight segment.
an IFR flight when either part or all of an instru-
ment approach procedure is not completed and the WEATHER SYSTEMS PROCESSOR (WSP) —
approach is executed in visual reference to terrain. An add-on weather processor to selected Airport
Surveillance Radar (ASR)-9 facilities that adds
VISUAL APPROACH (USA) — An approach con-
Doppler weather radar capability and provides wind
ducted on an instrument flight rules (IFR) flight plan
shear and microburst warnings. The system gives
which authorizes the pilot to proceed visually and
controllers timely and accurate warnings for relaying
clear of clouds to the airport. The pilot must, at all
to pilots via radio communications. The WSP also
times, have either the airport or the preceding aircraft
provides controllers with thunderstorm cell locations
in sight. This approach must be authorized and under
and movement as well as the predicted future posi-
the control of the appropriate air traffic control facility.
tion and intensity of wind shifts that may affect airport
Reported weather at the airport must be ceiling at or
operations. The system can also process precipi-
above 1000ft and visibility of 3 miles or greater.
tation data to reduce false severe weather reports
VISUAL DESCENT POINT (VDP) — A defined point caused by anomalous propagation.
on the final approach course of a non-precision
WIDE AREA AUGMENTATION SYSTEM (WAAS) —
straight-in approach procedure from which normal
WAAS is a navigation system developed for civil avi-
descent from the MDA to the runway touchdown
ation that provides extremely accurate horizontal
point may be commenced, provided the approach
and vertical navigation for all classes of aircraft in
threshold of that runway, or approach lights, or other
all phases of flight - including enroute navigation,
markings identifiable with the approach end of that
airport departures, and airport arrivals. This includes
runway are clearly visible to the pilot.
vertically-guided landing approaches in instrument
VISUAL MANOEUVRING (CIRCLING) AREA — meteorological conditions at all qualified locations.
The area in which obstacle clearance should be
WORLD AREA FORECAST CENTRE (WAFC) —
taken into consideration for aircraft carrying out a
A meteorological centre designated to prepare and
circling approach.
issue significant weather forecasts and upper-air fore-
VISUAL METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS casts in digital and/or pictorial form on a global basis
(VMC) — Meteorological conditions expressed in direct States by appropriate means as part of the
terms of visibility, distance from cloud, and ceiling aeronautical fixed service.
equal to or better than specified minima.
WORLD AREA FORECAST SYSTEM (WAFS) —
NOTE: The specified minima are contained in ICAO A world-wide system by which world area forecast
Rules of the Air, Annex 2, Chapter 4. centres provide aeronautical meteorological en-route
VOLMET BROADCAST — Routine broadcast of forecasts in uniform standardized formats.
meteorological information for aircraft in flight.
VOLCANIC ASH ADVISORY CENTRE (VAAC) — A
meteorological centre designated by regional air nav-
igation agreement to provide advisory information to
meteorological watch offices, area control centres,
q$z

© JEPPESEN, 1984, 2015. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 28 AUG 15 INTRODUCTION 41 q$i

ABBREVIATIONS USED IN AIRWAY MANUAL

DEFINITIONS AH Alert Height
AHP Army Heliport
A/A Air to Air AIRAC Aeronautical Information
AAF Army Air Field Regulation and Control
AAIM Aircraft Autonomous Integrity AIREP Air-Report
Monitoring AIS Aeronautical Information Services
AAIS Automated Aerodrome Information ALA Aircraft Landing Area
Service
ALF Auxiliary Landing Field
AAL Above Aerodrome Level
ALS Approach Light System
AAS Airport Advisory Service
ALS Low Intensity Approach Lights
AAU Authorized Approach UNICOM
ALT Altitude
AB Air Base
ALTN Alternate
ABM Abeam
AMA Area Minimum Altitude
ABN Aerodrome Beacon
AMSL Above Mean Sea Level
AC Air Carrier
ANGB Air National Guard Base
ACA Arctic Control Area
AOC Aircraft Operator Certificate
ACA Approach Control Area
AOE Airport/Aerodrome of Entry
ACAS Airborne Collision Avoidance
AOM Airport Operating Minimums
System
AOR Area of Responsibility
ACARS Airborne Communications
Addressing and Reporting System APAPI Abbreviated Precision Approach
Path Indicator
ACC Area Control Center
APC Area Positive Control
ACFT Aircraft
APCH Approach
ACN Aircraft Classification Number
APP Approach Control
AD Aerodrome
APT Airport
ADA Advisory Area
APV Approach Procedure with Vertical
ADF Automatic Direction Finding
Guidance
ADIZ Air Defense Identification Zone
AR Authorization Required
ADNL Additional
ARB Air Reserve Base
ADR Advisory Route
ARINC Aeronautical Radio, Inc.
ADS Automatic Dependent Surveillance
ARO Aerodrome Reporting Officer
ADS-B Automatic Dependent
ARP Airport Reference Point
Surveillance-Broadcast
ARR Arrival
ADV Advisory Area
ARTCC Air Route Traffic Control Center
AEIS Aeronautical Enroute Information
Service ASDA Accelerate Stop Distance Available
AER Approach End of Runway ASDE-X Airport Surface Detection
Air Radio Equipment - Model X
AERADIO
Aerodrome ASMGCS Advanced Surface Movement
AERO
Guidance and Control System
AF Aux Air Force Auxiliary Field
ASOS Automated Surface Observing
AFB Air Force Base System
AFIS Aerodrome Flight Information ASR Airport Surveillance Radar
Service
ASSC Airport Surface Surveillance
AFIS Automatic Flight Information Capability
Services (FAA)
ATA Actual Time of Arrival
AFLD Airfield
ATCAA Air Traffic Control Assigned
AFN American Forces Network Airspace
AFRS Armed Forces Radio Stations ATCC Air Traffic Control Center
AFRU Aerodrome Frequency Response ATCT Air Traffic Control Tower
Unit
ATD Actual Time of Departure
AFS Air Force Station
ATF Aerodrome Traffic Frequency
AFSS Automated Flight Service Station
ATFM Air Traffic Flow Management
A/G Air-to-Ground
ATIS Automatic Terminal Information
AGL Above Ground Level Service
AGNIS Azimuth Guidance Nose-in-Stand ATND SKD Attended Scheduled Hours
q$z

© JEPPESEN, 1984, 2015. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 42 INTRODUCTION 28 AUG 15

ABBREVIATIONS USED IN AIRWAY MANUAL q$i

ATS Air Traffic Service CH Channel

ATZ Aerodrome Traffic Zone CH Critical Height
AU Approach UNICOM CHGD Changed
AUP Airspace Utilization Plane CL Centerline Lights
AUTH Authorized CMNPS Canadian Minimum Navigation
AUW All-Up Weight Performance Specification
AUX Auxiliary CMV Converted Met Visibility
AVBL Available CNF Computer Navigation Fix
AWIB Aerodrome Weather Information CO County
Broadcast COMLO Compass Locator
AWIS Aerodrome Weather Information COMMS Communications
Service CONT Continuous
AWOS Automated Weather Observing CONTD Continued
System
COORDS Coordinates
AWSS Aviation Weather Sensor System
COP Change Over Point
AWY Airway
CORR Corridor
AZM Azimuth
CP Command Post
Baro VNAV Barometric Vertical Navigation
CPDLC Controller Pilot Data Link
BC Back Course
Communications
BCM Back Course Marker
Cpt Clearance (Pre-Taxi Procedure)
BCN Beacon
CRC Cyclical Redundancy Check
BCOB Broken Clouds or Better
CRP Compulsory Reporting Point
BCST Broadcast
CRS Course
BDRY Boundary
CST Central Standard Time
BLDG Building
CTA Control Area
BM Back Marker
CTAF Common Traffic Advisory
BRG Bearing Frequency
B-RNAV Basic RNAV CTL Control
BS Broadcast Station (Commercial) CTOT Calculated Take-off Time
C ATC IFR Flight Plan Clearance CTR Control Zone
Delivery Frequency
CVFP Charted Visual Flight Procedure
C Converted Met Visibility
CVFR Controlled VFR
CADIZ Canadian Air Defense Identification
D Day
Zone
DA Decision Altitude
CAE Control Area Extension
DA (H) Decision Altitude (Height)
CA/GRS Certified Air/Ground Radio Service
D-ATIS Digital ATIS
CANPA Constant Angle Non-Precision
Approach DCL Data Link Departure Clearance
Service
CARS Community Aerodrome Radio
Station DCT Direct
CAT Category DECMSND Decommissioned
CBA Cross Border Area DEG Degree
CCN Chart Change Notices DEP Departure Control/Departure
Procedures
CDFA Continuous Descent Final
Approach DER Departure End of Runway
CDI Course Deviation Indicator DEWIZ Distance Early Warning
Identification Zone
CDR Conditional Route
DF Direction Finder
CDT Central Daylight Time
DISPL Displaced Threshold
CEIL Ceiling THRESH
CERAP Combined Center/Radar Approach DIST Distance
Control
DME Distance-Measuring Equipment
CFIT Controlled Flight Into Terrain
DOD Department of Defense
CGAS Coast Guard Air Station
DOM Domestic
CGL Circling Guidance Lights
q$z

© JEPPESEN, 1984, 2015. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 26 FEB 16 INTRODUCTION 43
ABBREVIATIONS USED IN AIRWAY MANUAL q$i

DP Obstacle Departure Procedure FMC Flight Management Computer

DRCO Dial-up Remote Communications FMS Flight Management System
Outlet FOD Foreign Object Damage
E East or Eastern FOM Flight Operation Manual
EAT Expected Approach Time FPM Feet Per Minute
ECOMS Jeppesen Explanation of Common FPR Flight Planning Requirements
Minimum Specifications
FRA Free Route Airspace
EDT Eastern Daylight Time
FREQ Frequency
EET Estimated Elapsed Time
FSS Flight Service Station
EFAS Enroute Flight Advisory Service
FT Feet
EFF Effective
FTS Flexible Track System
EFVS Enhanced Flight Vision System
G Guards only (radio frequencies)
EGNOS European Geostationary
GA General Aviation
Navigation Overlay Services
EH Eastern Hemisphere GBAS Ground-Based Augmentation
System
ELEV Elevation
GCA Ground Controlled Approach
EMAS Engineered Materials Arresting (radar)
System
GCO Ground Communication Outlet
EMERG Emergency
GEN General
ENG Engine
GLONASS Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite
EOBT Estimated Off Block Time System
EST Eastern Standard Time GLS Ground Based Augmentation
EST Estimated System [GBAS] Landing System
ETA Estimated Time of Arrival GMT Greenwich Mean Time
ETD Estimated Time of Departure GND Ground Control
ETE Estimated Time Enroute GND Surface of the Earth (either land
ETOPS Extended Range Operation with or water)
two-engine airplanes GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System
EVS Enhanced Vision System GP Glidepath
FAA Federal Aviation Administration GPA Glidepath Angle
FACF Final Approach Course Fix GPS Global Positioning System
FAF Final Approach Fix GPWS Ground Proximity Warning System
FAIL Failure GS Glide Slope
FANS Future Air Navigation System G/S Ground Speed
FAP Final Approach Point GWT Gross Weight
FAR Federal Aviation Regulation H Non-Directional Radio Beacon or
FAS DB Final Approach Segment Datablock High Altitude
FAT Final Approach Track H24 24 Hour Service
FATO Final Approach and Take-off Area HAA Height Above Airport
FBL Light (to qualify icing, turbulence, HALS High Approach Landing System
etc.) HAS Height Above Site
FBO Fixed Based Operator HAT Height Above Touchdown
FCP Final Control Point HC Critical Height
FIA Flight Information Area HDG Heading
FIC Flight Information Center HF High Frequency (3-30 MHz)
FIR Flight Information Region HGS Head-up Guidance System
FIS Flight Information Service HI High (altitude)
FL Flight Level (Altitude) HI High Intensity (lights)
FLARES Flare Pots or Goosenecks HIALS High Intensity Approach Light
FLD Field System
FLG Flashing HIRL High Intensity Runway Edge Lights
FLT Flight HIRO High Intensity Runway Operations
FM Fan Marker

q$z

© JEPPESEN, 1984, 2016. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 44 INTRODUCTION 26 FEB 16

ABBREVIATIONS USED IN AIRWAY MANUAL q$i

HIWAS Hazardous Inflight Weather I/V Instrument/Visual Controlled

Advisory Service Airspace
HJ Sunrise to Sunset JAA Joint Aviation Authorities
HN Sunset to Sunrise JAR-OPS Joint Aviation Requirements–Oper-
HO By Operational Requirements ations
hPa Hectopascal (one hectopascal = KGS Kilograms
one millibar) kHz Kilohertz
HR Hours (period of time) KIAS Knots Indicated Airspeed
HS During Hours of Scheduled KM Kilometers
Operations Kmh Kilometer(s) per Hour
HST High Speed Taxiway Turn-off KT Knots
HSTIL High Speed Taxiway Turn-off KTAS Knots True Airspeed
Indicator Lights
L Locator (Compass)
HUD Head-Up Display
LAA Local Airport Advisory
HUDLS Head-Up Display Landing System
LAAS Local Area Augmentation System
HX No Specific Working Hours
LACFT Large Aircraft
Hz Hertz (cycles per second)
LAHSO Land and Hold Short Operations
I Island
LAT Latitude
IAC Instrument Approach Chart
LBCM Locator Back Course Marker
IAF Initial Approach Fix
LBM Locator Back Marker
IAML Integrity Monitor Alarm
LBS Pounds (Weight)
IAP Instrument Approach Procedure
LCG Load Classification Group
IAS Indicated Airspeed
LCN Load Classification Number
IATA International Air Transport
Lctr Locator (Compass)
Association
LDA Landing Distance Available
IAWP Initial Approach Waypoint
LDA Localizer-type Directional Aid
IBN Identification Beacon
LDI Landing Direction Indicator
ICAO International Civil Aviation
Organization LDIN Lead-in Light System
IDENT Identification LGTH Length
IF Intermediate Fix LIM Locator Inner Marker
IFBP Inflight Broadcast Procedure LIRL Low Intensity Runway Lights
IFR Instrument Flight Rules LLWAS Low Level Wind Shear Alert
System
IGS Instrument Guidance System
LMM Locator Middle Marker
ILS Instrument Landing System
LNAV Lateral Navigation
IM Inner Marker
LNDG Landing
IMAL Integrity Monitor Alarm
LO Locator at Outer Marker Site
IMC Instrument Meteorological
Conditions LOC Localizer
IMTA Intensive Military Training Area LOM Locator Outer Marker
INDEFLY Indefinitely LONG Longitude
IN or INS Inches LP Localizer Performance
INFO Information LPV Localizer Performance with Vertical
INOP Inoperative Guidance
INS Inertial Navigation System LSALT Lowest Safe Altitude
LT Local Time
INT Intersection
LTP Landing Threshold Point
INTL International
LTS Lights
IORRA Indian Ocean Random RNAV Area
IR Instrument Restricted Controlled LTS Lower Than Standard
Airspace LVP Low Visibility Procedures
IS Islands LWIS Limited Weather Information
System
ITWS Integrated Terminal Weather
System M Meters
MAA Maximum Authorized Altitude

q$z

© JEPPESEN, 1984, 2016. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 26 FEB 16 INTRODUCTION 45
ABBREVIATIONS USED IN AIRWAY MANUAL q$i

MACG Missed Approach Climb Gradient MROT Minimum Runway Occupancy

MAG Magnetic Time
MAHF Missed Approach Holding Fix MSA Minimum Safe/Sector Altitude
MALS Medium Intensity Approach Light MSL Mean Sea Level
System MST Mountain Standard Time
MALSF Medium Intensity Approach Light MTA Military Training Area
System with Sequenced Flashing MTAF Mandatory Traffic Advisory
Lights Frequency
MALSR Medium Intensity Approach Light MTCA Minimum Terrain Clearance
System with Runway Alignment Altitude
Indicator Lights
MTMA Military Terminal Control Area
MAP Missed Approach Point
MTOM Maximum Take-off Mass
MAX Maximum
MTOW Maximum Take-off Weight
MB Millibars
MUN Municipal
MCA Minimum Crossing Altitude
MVA Minimum Vectoring Altitude
MCAF Marine Corps Air Facility
N Night, North or Northern
MCAS Marine Corps Air Station
NA Not Authorized
MCTA Military Controlled Airspace
NAAS Naval Auxiliary Air Station
MDA Minimum Descent Altitude
NADC Naval Air Development Center
MDA(H) Minimum Descent Altitude (Height)
NAEC Naval Air Engineering Center
MDT Mountain Daylight Time
NAF Naval Air Facility
MEA Minimum Enroute Altitude
NALF Naval Auxiliary Landing Field
MEHT Minimum Eye Height Over
Threshold NAP Noise Abatement Procedure
MEML Memorial NAR North American Routes
MET Meteorological NAS Naval Air Station
MF Mandatory Frequency NAT North Atlantic Traffic
MFA Minimum Flight Altitude NAT/OTS North Atlantic Traffic/Organized
Track System
MHA Minimum Holding Altitude
NATIONAL National Specific Criteria
MHz Megahertz XXX
MI Medium Intensity (lights) NATL National
MIALS Medium Intensity Approach Light NAVAID Navigational Aid
System
NCA Northern Control Area
MIL Military
NCN NavData Change Notices
MIM Minimum
NCRP Non-Compulsory Reporting Point
MIN Minute
NDB Non-Directional Beacon/Radio
MIPS Military Instrument Procedure
Beacon
Standardization
NE Northeast
MIRL Medium Intensity Runway Edge
Lights NM Nautical Mile(s)
MKR Marker Radio Beacon No Number
MLS Microwave Landing System NoPT No Procedure Turn
MM Millimeter NOTAM Notices to Airmen
MM Middle Marker NOTSP Not Specified
MNM Minimum NPA Non-Precision Approach
MNPS Minimum Navigation Performance NW Northwest
Specifications NWC Naval Weapons Center
MOA Military Operation Area OAC Oceanic Area Control
MOC Minimum Obstacle/Obstruction OAS Obstacle Assessment Surface
Clearance OCA Oceanic Control Area
MOCA Minimum Obstruction Clearance OCA (H) Obstacle Clearance Altitude
Altitude (Height)
MORA Minimum Off-Route Altitude (Grid OCL Obstacle Clearance Limit
or Route)
OCNL Occasional
MRA Minimum Reception Altitude

q$z

© JEPPESEN, 1984, 2016. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 46 INTRODUCTION 26 FEB 16

ABBREVIATIONS USED IN AIRWAY MANUAL q$i

OCTA Oceanic Control Area QNH Altitude above sea level based on
ODALS Omni-Directional Approach Light local station pressure
System R R-063 or 063R
ODP Obstacle Departure Procedure Magnetic Course (radial) measured
OFZ Obstacle Free Zone as 063 from a VOR station. Flight
can be inbound or outbound on
OM Outer Marker this line.
OPS Operations or Operates R Runway Visual Range
O/R On Request RA Radio Altimeter
O/T Other Times RAI Runway Alignment Indicator
OTR Oceanic Transition Route RAIL Runway Alignment Indicator Lights
OTS Other Than Standard RAIM Receiver Autonomous Integrity
OTS Out-of-Service Monitoring
PA Precision Approach RAPCON Radar Approach Control
PAL Pilot Activated Lighting RASS Remote Altimeter Source
PANS-OPS Procedures for Air Navigation RCAG Remote Communications Air
Services - Aircraft Operations Ground
PAPI Precision Approach Path Indicator RCC Rescue Coordination Center
PAR Precision Approach Radar RCL Runway Centerline
PARK Parking RCLM Runway Center Line Markings
PBN Performance Based Navigation RCO Remote Communications Outlet
PCL Pilot Controlled Lighting REF Reference
PCN Pavement Classification Number REIL Runway End Identifier Lights
PCZ Positive Control Zone REP Reporting Point
PDC Pre-Departure Clearance RESA Runway End Safety Area
PDG Procedure Design Gradient REV Reverse
PDT Pacific Daylight Time REP Ramp Entrance Point
PERF Performance RF Radius to Fix
PERM Permanent RFL Requested Flight Level
PinS Point In Space RL Runway (edge) Lights
PISTON Piston Aircraft RLLS Runway Lead-in Light System
PJE Parachute Jumping Exercise RMZ Radio Mandatory Zone
PLASI Pulsating Visual Approach Slope RNAV Area Navigation
Indicator RNP Required Navigation Performance
PNR Prior Notice Required RNP AR Required Navigation Performance
POFZ Precision Obstacle Free Zone Authorization Required
PPO Prior Permission Only RNPC Required Navigation Performance
PPR Prior Permission Required Capability
PRA Precision Radar Approach ROC Rate of Climb
PRM Precision Radar Monitor RON Remain Overnight
P-RNAV Precision RNAV RPT Regular Public Transport
PROC Procedure RSA Runway Safety Area
PROP Propeller Aircraft RTE Route
PSP Pierced Steel Planking RTF Radiotelephony
PST Pacific Standard Time RTS Return to Service
PTO Part Time Operation RVR Runway Visual Range
PVT Private Operator RVSM Reduced Vertical Separation
Minimum
QDM Magnetic bearing to facility
RVV Runway Visibility Values
QDR Magnetic bearing from facility
RW Runway
QFE Height above airport elevation (or
runway threshold elevation) based RWSL Runway Status Lights
on local station pressure RWY Runway
QNE Altimeter setting 29.92" Hg or S South or Southern
1013.2 Mb.

q$z

© JEPPESEN, 1984, 2016. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 26 FEB 16 INTRODUCTION 47
ABBREVIATIONS USED IN AIRWAY MANUAL q$i

SAAAR Special Aircraft and Aircrew STAP Parameter Automatic Transmission

Authorization Required System
SALS Short Approach Light System STAR Standard Terminal Arrival Route
SALSF Short Approach Light System with (USA)
Sequenced Flashing Lights Standard Instrument Arrival (ICAO)
SAP Stabilized Approach STD Indication of an altimeter set to
SAR Search and Rescue 29.92" Hg or 1013.2 hPa (Mb)
without temperature correction
SATCOM Satellite voice air-ground calling
Std Standard
SAWRS Supplementary Aviation Weather
Reporting Station ST-IN Straight-in
SBAS Satellite-Based Augmentation STOL Short Take-off and Landing
System SUPP Supplemental/Supplementary
SCA Southern Control Area SW Single Wheel Landing Gear
SCOB Scattered Clouds or Better SW Southwest
SDF Simplified Directional Facility SYS System
SDF Step-Down Fix °T True (degrees)
SE Southeast T Terrain clearance altitude (MOCA)
SEC Seconds T Transmits only (radio frequencies)
SELCAL Selective Call System T-VASI Tee Visual Approach Slope
SFC Surface of the earth (either land or Indicator
water) TA Transition Altitude
SFL Sequenced Flashing Lights TAA Terminal Arrival Area (FAA)
SFL-V Sequenced Flashing Lights - TAA Terminal Arrival Altitude (ICAO)
Variable Light Intensity TACAN Tactical Air Navigation (bearing
SID Standard Instrument Departure and distance station)
SIWL Single Isolated Wheel Load TAR Terminal Area Surveillance Radar
SKD Scheduled TAS True Air Speed
SLD Sealed Runway TCA Terminal Control Area
SLP Speed Limiting Point TCAS Traffic Alert and Collision
SM Statute Miles Avoidance System
SMA Segment Minimum Altitude TCH Threshold Crossing Height
SMGCS Surface Movement Guidance and TCTA Transcontinental Control Area
Control System TDWR Terminal Doppler Weather Radar
SMSA Segment Minimum Safe Altitude TDZ Touchdown Zone
SOC Start of Climb TDZE Touchdown Zone Elevation
SODALS Simplified Omnidirectional TEMP Temporary
Approach Lighting System TERPS United States Standard for
SPAR French Light Precision Approach Terminal Instrument Procedure
Radar THR Threshold
SRA Special Rules Area TIBA Traffic Information Broadcast by
SRA Surveillance Radar Approach Aircraft
SRE Surveillance Radar Element TIZ Traffic Information Zone
SR-SS Sunrise-Sunset TL Transition Level
SSALF Simplified Short Approach Light TMA Terminal Control Area
System with Sequenced Flashing TML Terminal
Lights TMN Terminates
SSALR Simplified Short Approach Light TMZ Transponder Mandatory Zone
System with Runway Alignment
TNA Transition Area
Indicator Lights
TODA Take-off Distance Available
SSALS Simplified Short Approach Light
System TORA Take-off Run Available
SSB Single Sideband TP Turning Point
SSR Secondary Surveillance Radar (in TRA Temporary Reserved Airspace
U.S.A. ATCRBS) TRACON Terminal Radar Approach Control
TRANS Transition(s)

q$z

© JEPPESEN, 1984, 2016. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 48 INTRODUCTION 26 FEB 16

ABBREVIATIONS USED IN AIRWAY MANUAL q$i

TRANS ALT Transition Altitude VPA Vertical Path Angle

TRANS Transition Level VPT Visual Maneuvering with
LEVEL Prescribed Tracks
TRCV Tri-Color Visual Approach Slope VSS Visual Segment Surface
Indicator VV Vertical Visibility
TSA Temporary Segregated Area V/V Vertical Velocity or speed
TVOR Terminal VOR W West or Western
TWEB Transcribed Weather Broadcast WAAS Wide Area Augmentation System
TWIP Terminal Weather Information for WATIR Weather and Terminal Information
Pilots Reciter
TWR Tower (Aerodrome Control) WH Western Hemisphere
TWY Taxiway W/O Without
U Unknown/Unrestricted/Unspecified WP Area Navigation (RNAV) Waypoint
U UNICOM WSP Weather Systems Processor
UAS Unmanned Aerial System WX Weather
UAV Unmanned Aerial Vehicle X Communication Frequency On
UFN Until Further Notice Request
UHF Ultra High Frequency (300-3000 Z Zulu Time/Coordinated Universal
MHz) Time (UTC)
UIR Upper Flight Information Region
UNCT’L Uncontrolled
UNICOM Aeronautical Advisory Service
UNICOM (A) Automated UNICOM
UNL Unlimited
UPR User Preferred Route
U/S Unserviceable
USAF US Air Force
USB Upper Sideband
USN US Navy
UTA Upper Control Area
UTC Coordinated Universal Time
V Visibility
VAL Vertical Alert Limit
VAR Magnetic Variation
VASI Visual Approach Slope Indicator
VDA Vertical Descent Angle
VDP Visual Descent Point
VE Visual Exempted
VFR Visual Flight Rules
VGSI Visual Glide Slope Indicator
VHA Volcanic Hazard Area
VHF Very High Frequency (30-300
MHz)
VIS Visibility
VMC Visual Meteorological Conditions
VNAP Vertical Noise Abatement
Procedures
VNAV Vertical Navigation
VOLMET Meteorological Information for
Aircraft in Flight
VOR VHF Omnidirectional Range
VORTAC VOR and TACAN co-located
VOT Radiated Test Signal VOR

q$z

© JEPPESEN, 1984, 2016. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 3 AUG 12 INTRODUCTION SYMBOLS-1 q$i

CHARTING SYMBOLS LEGEND

SYMBOLS

Symbol Category: NAVAIDS

APCH-PL VOR APCH-PL VORDME/VORTAC
SID/STAR SID/STAR

APCH-PL
APCH-PL

Symbol used in missed approach and Not-to-scale insets.

Symbol used in missed approach and Not-to-scale insets. ENRT-A VORDME
ENRT-A ENRT-L
ENRT-L ENRT-H/L
ENRT-H/L

m m

ENRT-A ENRT-A
ENRT-L ENRT-L
ENRT-H ENRT-H
ENRT-H/L m
ENRT-H/L m
1343086330377

q$z

© JEPPESEN, 2012. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 SYMBOLS-2 INTRODUCTION 3 AUG 12

CHARTING SYMBOLS LEGEND q$i

Symbol Category: NAVAIDS

ENRT-A VORTAC APCH-PL LOC
ENRT-L SID/STAR (Back Course)
ENRT-H/L

ENRT-A
m ENRT-L
ENRT-A ENRT-H/L
ENRT-L
ENRT-H
ENRT-H/L m APCH-PL Offset Localizer
ENRT-A DME
ENRT-L
ENRT-H
ENRT-H/L
APCH-PL Markers
SID/STAR
APCH-PL TACAN
SID/STAR
When co-located, the marker symbol is cleared from the
associated waypoint or navaid.

APCH-PR
ENRT-A
ENRT-L
ENRT-H
ENRT-H/L

APCH-PL NDB/LOCATOR
SID/STAR
APCH-PR VOR/VORDME/VORTAC/NDB

APCH-PL
SID/STAR
ENRT-A
ENRT-L
ENRT-H/L Locator co-located with a Marker (LOM)
ENRT-A
ENRT-L
ENRT-H
APCH-PR ILS Glide Slope
ENRT-H/L
m

APCH-PL ILS, LOC, LDA, SDF,

SID/STAR MLS, or KRM
ENRT-A (Front Course) APCH-PR GLS Glide Slope
ENRT-L

APT-PL NAVAIDS

q$z

1343086330377

© JEPPESEN, 2012. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 3 AUG 12 INTRODUCTION SYMBOLS-3
CHARTING SYMBOLS LEGEND q$i

Symbol Category: AIRSPACE &

BOUNDARIES
ENRT-A Special Use Airspace ENRT-H Control Area, Military Terminal
ENRT-L Advisory Area (Canada), Alert Area, Control Area, Terminal Control Area
ENRT-H Caution Area, JDA Areas (Japan),
Military Operations Area, Temporary Reserved
ENRT-H/L Airspace, Training Area, Warning Area

ENRT-A Air Traffic Services

ENRT-L Class D (FAA), Class E (FAA), Control Zone,
ENRT-H/L Military Control Zone, Tower Control Area
APCH-PL
APT-PL
SID/STAR
ENRT-A Special Use Airspace
ENRT-L Areas of Intense Air Activity, Danger Area, ENRT-A Air Traffic Services
ENRT-H Flight Restricted Zones(FAA), Fuel Dumping ENRT-L Air Traffic Zone, Helicopter Protected Zone,
Areas, High Intensity Radio Transmission Areas, Helicopter Traffic Zone, Military Air Traffic
ENRT-H/L Prohibited Area, Restricted Area ENRT-H/L Zone, Positive Control Area, Special Rules
Area/Zone, Traffic Information Area/Zone

APCH-PL
APT-PL
SID/STAR ENRT-A Oceanic Control Area,
ENRT-A Special Flight Rules Area (FAA) ENRT-L FAA Control Areas
ENRT-L ENRT-H
ENRT-H
ENRT-H/L
ENRT-A Class A Airspace
ENRT-A Air Defense Identification Zone
ENRT-L
ENRT-L Control Area Extensions(Canada),Control Areas,
Military Terminal Control Areas, Transition ENRT-H
ENRT-H Areas(Canada), Terminal Control Areas, Upper ENRT-H/L
ENRT-H/L Control Areas

ENRT-A Flight Information Region /

ENRT-L Upper Flight Information Region
ENRT-H
ENRT-A Class B Airspace ENRT-H/L
ENRT-L Class B (FAA),Control Area Extensions(Canada), SID/STAR
Control Areas, Military Terminal Control Areas,
ENRT-H/L Transition Areas (Canada), Terminal Control
Areas, Upper Control Areas
ENRT-A Air Route Traffic Control Center, Area
ENRT-L Control Center,Area of Responsibility,
ENRT-H Delegated Airspace, Upper Area
ENRT-A Class C Airspace ENRT-H/L Control Center
ENRT-L Class C (FAA),Control Area Extensions(Canada),
Control Areas, Military Terminal Control Areas,
ENRT-H/L Transition Areas (Canada), Terminal Control
Areas, Upper Control Areas

ENRT-A CNS/ATM Equipment Boundary

ENRT-A Class D Airspace ENRT-L (MNPS, RNP, RVSM)
ENRT-L Control Area Extensions(Canada),Control Areas, ENRT-H
Military Terminal Control Areas, Transition
ENRT-H/L Areas(Canada), Terminal Control Areas, Upper ENRT-H/L
Control Areas

ENRT-A Class G Airspace

ENRT-A Random RNAV Area
ENRT-L
ENRT-L
ENRT-H
ENRT-H
ENRT-H/L
ENRT-H/L
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CHARTING SYMBOLS LEGEND q$i

Symbol Category: AIRSPACE &

BOUNDARIES
ENRT-A Enroute Communications Sector ENRT-A Special VFR
ENRT-L Low or High Altitude Sectors ENRT-L Not Authorized
ENRT-H ENRT-H/L
ENRT-H/L
ENRT-H High Altitude Sectors (if vertically sectorized)
ENRT-A Speed Restriction Boundary
ENRT-L
APT-PL ENRT-H
ENRT-H/L
SID/STAR Lost Comms ENRT-A Time Zone
ENRT-L
ENRT-H
ENRT-H/L
ENRT-A Frequency Boundary -
ENRT-L Class E FIA (Australia)
ENRT-H/L ENRT-H State/Province Boundary

ENRT-A Frequency Boundary - ENRT-A Common Traffic Advisory

ENRT-L Class G FIA (Australia) ENRT-L Frequency Boundary (Australia)
ENRT-H/L ENRT-H
ENRT-H/L

ENRT-A Frequency Boundary - HF ENRT-A Advisory Radio Area,

ENRT-L ENRT-L Radar Area/Zone
ENRT-H ENRT-H
ENRT-H/L ENRT-H/L
ENRT-A Free Route Airspace
ENRT-H
ENRT-H/L
Symbol Category: AIRPORT
ENRT-A International Boundary
APT-PL Runway Number
Runway number is magnetic unless
ENRT-L followed by T for true in far north
ENRT-H
ENRT-H/L

APCH-PL APT-PL Runway number and (when known) magnetic

APT-PL direction, unless followed by T for true
SID/STAR in far north

ENRT-A Mandatory Broadcast Zone

ENRT-L APT-PL Seaplane operating area, or water runway
ENRT-H/L

ENRT-A QNE/QNH Boundary

APT-PL Seaplane Operating Area
ENRT-L
ENRT-H
ENRT-H/L
SID/STAR
ENRT-A RVSM Transition Boundary APT-PL Paved Runway
ENRT-L
ENRT-H
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ENRT-H/L
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CHARTING SYMBOLS LEGEND q$i

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CHARTING SYMBOLS LEGEND q$i

Symbol Category: AIRPORT

APT-PL RAIL APT-PL Wind Indicator
Cone Lighted Cone

APT-PL Road APT-PL Tee

APT-PL Tetrahedron
APT-PL Trees
ENRT-A Airports
ENRT-L
ENRT-H
APT-PL Bluff ENRT-H/L

APT-PL Pole Line

APCH-PL
APT-PL
SID/STAR
APT-PL Railroad

APT-PL Ditch

APCH-PL
ENRT-A
APT-PL Buildings
APT-PL Helicopter Landing Pad

APT-PL Lighted Pole

APT-PL Magnetic Variation
APT-PL Unidentified Beacon

APT-PL Permanently Closed Taxiway

APT-PL Taxiway and Apron

APT-PL Airport Reference Point (ARP)

APT-PL LAHSO Distance Points APT-PL Tree Line

APT-PL Building Area

APT-PL RVR Measuring Site

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 3 AUG 12 INTRODUCTION SYMBOLS-7
CHARTING SYMBOLS LEGEND q$i

Symbol Category: ROUTES &

AIRWAYS
APCH-PL Track/Airway SID/STAR Altitude Change “T”
APCH-PR ENRT-A MEA, MAA, MOCA, or MORA change.
SID/STAR ENRT-L Does not apply to GPS MEA’s or at Navaids
ENRT-A ENRT-H
ENRT-L ENRT-H/L
ENRT-H ENRT-A Total Milage
ENRT-H/L ENRT-L Total Mileage between Navaids
ENRT-L Overlying High Altitude Airway ENRT-H
ENRT-H/L
SID/STAR Change Over Point
ENRT-A Mileages indicate point to change Navaids
ENRT-L Diversionary Route
ENRT-L
ENRT-H
ENRT-H/L
APCH-PR Non-precision when charted ENRT-A Even and Odd Indicators
with precision approach
ENRT-L Even and Odd altitudes are used
in direction indicated
ENRT-H
ENRT-H/L
ENRT-A Arrival/Departure Route

ENRT-A Prior Permission Required

SID/STAR Transition Track ENRT-L Prior Permission Required from ATC
for flight in direction of arrow.
ENRT-H
ENRT-H/L

ENRT-A Flight Planned Route

ENRT-L
APT-PL High Level Approach Track ENRT-H
ENRT-H/L

ENRT-A Airway By-Pass

ENRT-L
APCH-PL Visual Track ENRT-H
APCH-PR
ENRT-H/L

APCH-PL Airway Designator

APCH-PR VNAV/VDA SID/STAR Negative
Vertical descent angle and/or path ENRT-A
ENRT-L
ENRT-H
APCH-PR Vertical descent angle and/or path ENRT-H/L
to DA for approved operators
APCH-PL Positive

SID/STAR Radar Vectors

ENRT-A Route Suffix
ENRT-L Suffixes are added to indicate more
restrictive segment along airway.
ENRT-H Each suffix has a unique meaning.
APT-PL Missed Approach Course ENRT-H/L

ENRT-A One Way Airway

ENRT-A Navigational Signal Gap ENRT-L
ENRT-L ENRT-H
ENRT-H ENRT-H/L
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ENRT-H/L 1303320994000

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 SYMBOLS-8 INTRODUCTION 3 AUG 12

CHARTING SYMBOLS LEGEND q$i

Symbol Category: ROUTES &

AIRWAYS
APCH-PL Holding Patterns SID/STAR DME and DME Radial Formation
APCH-PR ENRT-A
APT-PL ENRT-L
SID/STAR ENRT-H
ENRT-A ENRT-H/L
ENRT-L
ENRT-H APCH-PR Non Precision Final Approach Fix
ENRT-H/L
SID/STAR Intercept Route
ENRT-A
ENRT-L
ENRT-H/L
APCH-PR Non Precision
Missed Approach Fix
Symbol Category: AIRSPACE FIXES
APCH-PL Non-Compulsory
SID/STAR
ENRT-A Symbol Category: LIGHTING BOX &
ENRT-L MISSED APPROACH
ENRT-H APCH-PR Standard ALSF-I
ENRT-H/L
ENRT-H/L

APCH-PL Compulsory
SID/STAR APCH-PR Standard ALSF-II
ENRT-A
ENRT-L
ENRT-H
ENRT-H/L
ENRT-H/L APCH-PR MALSR

APCH-PL RNAV
SID/STAR Non-Compulsory
ENRT-A
ENRT-L APCH-PR SSALR
ENRT-H
ENRT-H/L
APCH-PL RNAV
SID/STAR Compulsory
ENRT-A
ENRT-L APCH-PR MALS
ENRT-H
ENRT-H/L
APCH-PL Mileage Break/CNF
SID/STAR Non-Compulsory Fix
ENRT-A APCH-PR MALSF
ENRT-L
ENRT-H
ENRT-H/L
APCH-PL Fly Over Fix
SID/STAR Indicated by circle around fix APCH-PR SALS

ENRT-A Meteorological Report Point APCH-PR SSALF

ENRT-L
ENRT-H
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ENRT-H/L 1343086330377

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CHARTING SYMBOLS LEGEND q$i

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 SYMBOLS-10 INTRODUCTION 20 JUN 14

CHARTING SYMBOLS LEGEND q$i

Symbol Category: MISCELLANEOUS

APCH Index Number Oval ENRT-L Inset Boundary
APT Standard Airway Manual Charts ENRT-H
SID/STAR ENRT-H/L
ENRT-A
For Special Coverage Charts
ENRT-A Remote Communications
ENRT-L Outlet (RCO)
APCH-PL Holding Pattern Length ENRT-H
SID/STAR ENRT-H/L

SID/STAR Arrival/Departure Airport ENRT-A Grid

ENRT-L
ENRT-H
ENRT-H/L

APCH-PL City Pattern

ENRT-A Isogonic Line

ENRT-L
APCH-PL Airline Chart Icon ENRT-H
ENRT-H/L

END OF SYMBOLS LEGEND

APT-PL North Arrow
ENRT-A
ENRT-L
ENRT-H
ENRT-H/L

APT-PL Bar Scale

ENRT-L Enroute Chart Overlap

ENRT-H
ENRT-H/L

ENRT-L Area Chart Overlap

ENRT-H
ENRT-H/L

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 3 AUG 12 INTRODUCTION ENROUTE-1 q$i

ENROUTE CHART LEGEND

ENROUTE
NOTE: This section of the Jeppesen legend pages provides a general overview regarding the layout and
depiction of Enroute Charts.
Jeppesen Enroute Charts are compiled and constructed using the best available aeronautical and
topographical reference charts. Most Enroute Charts use the Lambert Conformal Conic projection. The design
is intended primarily for airway instrument navigation to be referenced to cockpit instruments. The following
pages briefly explain the information used on Enroute charts throughout the world. Not all items explained
apply to all charts. The Enroute chart is divided into specific areas of information as illustrated below.

ENROUTE CHART FORMAT

HEADING

1 — Chart number.
2 — Chart name.
3 — Jeppesen company logo.
4 — Chart scale.
5 — Chart region and type.
6 — Chart effective date.
7 — Chart revision date.
8— Chart Change Notice cross reference statement.
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COVERAGE DIAGRAM

1 — Chart coverage neatline.

2 — Chart number.
3 — Area Chart geographic coverage.
4 — Area Chart location name.
5 — Overlapping Enroute Chart name.
6 — Overlapping Enroute Chart geographic coverage.
7 — Time Zone Boundary
8 — Time Zone Designator
9 — Chart intent note.

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CHANGES

1— Chart name. 3— Change note providing main changes made

2— Chart number. since previous revision.

AIRSPACE LIMITS AND CLASSIFICATION

1— FIR/UIR, Country or Controlled airspace name. 3 — Airspace vertical limits.

2— Airspace classification.

1297445655000

TABULATED DATA

1 — Airport Location name. IFR = Upper case. VFR = Upper/Lower case.

2 — Airport name.
3 — Charted location is shown by Area chart and/or panel number-letter combination.
4 — Communication information (includes call name, App, Arr, Dep, Twr, Gnd).
BOLD NAME – Voice Call
T – Transmit only.
G – Guard only.
* – Part time operation.
X – On request.
(R) – Radar capability.
Airport Broadcast Service frequencies (ATIS, ASOS, AWOS, etc.) are positioned over the airport
label on face of chart.
Common EMERGENCY 121.5 – not listed
Refer to Glossary and Abbreviations in Introduction pages for further explanations.
5— Bullet indicates multiple airports under same Location name.

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 ENROUTE-4 INTRODUCTION 2 MAR 12 q$i

SPECIAL USE AIRSPACE

1— Legend which includes:

Affected Country ICAO ident
Charted airspace types
2 — Tabulation change date.
3 — Country ICAO ident.
4 — Airspace type.
5 — Airspace ident.
6 — Airspace vertical limits.
7 — Airspace clearance approval agency.
8 — Times of Operation. H24 if not specified.
NOTE: Special use Airspace between GND/MSL and 2000’ is not depicted on Enroute and Area charts in
several regions.

1297445655000

REFERENCE NOTES

1 — Settings and Procedures for Transponder Operations.

2 — Restrictions associated with ATS routes within a given FIR or UIR.
3 — Procedures for Mach Number reporting within a region or FIR/UIR.
4 — Notes which have operational significance to charted features.
5 — Procedures for RVSM Operations within a region or FIR/UIR.
6— Procedures and RNP values listed for airways within a region or FIR/UIR.

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 3 AUG 12 INTRODUCTION ENROUTE-5
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CRUISING LEVELS

1— Country and/or ICAO specified cruising altitudes/levels.

2— Standard RVSM Cruise Table associated with charted RVSM airspace. Non standard flight levels are
depicted on the chart underneath the airway designator.
3— Cruise Table which incorporates both Conventional and RVSM cruising altitudes/levels.

1297704888000

RANGE SCALE

1— Chart scale in Nautical Miles.

2— Chart Projection.

END PANEL
End Panels on Jeppesen Enroute Charts are primarily used for additional tabulated and reference information
which can not all fit on the Cover Panel.

CHART GRAPHIC
The contents of an IFR Enroute chart include information provided by official government source, as well
as, on rare occasion Jeppesen derived data. Charts are comprised of aeronautical data, cultural data,
hydrography and on some charts terrain data. 1343088774871

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 ENROUTE-6 INTRODUCTION 3 AUG 12

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TENERIFE
NORTH
46 Los Rodeos
GCXO 2073-113
(*
C)

L)2
A(H/

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 2 MAR 12 INTRODUCTION ENROUTE-7 q$i

1— VORDME. Low and High/Low charts include a Compass Rose with VHF Navaids. Shadow box
indicates navaid is airway component, with frequency, identifier, Morse code and INS coordinates.
Small "D" indicates DME/TACAN. Class indicated by: (T) Terminal, (L) Low, (H) High.
2— Airports - Location name, Airport name (if different than Location name), ICAO identifier, airport
elevation and longest runway length to nearest 100 feet with 70 feet as the dividing point (add 00).
"s" indicates soft surface, otherwise hard surface. IFR Airport in blue - Published procedures filed
under the location name. VFR airport in green.
3— Controlled Airspace. Limits add 00. When sectorized vertically, lower limit indicated by under bar, upper
limit indicated by over bar.
4— Special use airspace.
5— Grid Lat-Long values.
6— CTR. Asterisks are used in association with Class C, D and E airspace in the US only to indicate
part time operations, otherwise hours are H24.
7— ILS available at airport.
8— Magnetic Variation.
9— Area chart coverage.
10 — Directional MEAs.
11 — Minimum Crossing Altitude (MCA).
12 — Change to adjoining Enroute chart.
13 — DME.
14 — Grid MORA. Values 10,000 feet and greater are maroon. Values less than 10,000 feet are green.
Values are depicted in hundreds of feet.
15 — Gap in Nav Signal coverage.
16 — "D" indicates DME/TACAN fix. Segment mileage is DME/TACAN distance from navaid. Arrow without
a "D" designates a reporting point from facility.
17 — Non Compulsory RNAV Waypoint.
18 — High Altitude Route included on some low charts for orientation only.
19 — Changeover Point between two navaids.
20 — Intersection or fix formation (Bearing, frequency and ident of remote VHF or LF navaid).
21 — Met report required.
22 — Minimum Reception Altitude (MRA).
23 — VORTAC - High Altitude and off-route Navaids do not include a Compass Rose.
24 — Uncontrolled airway or advisory route.
25 — Route Suffix. D or F indicates ATC Advisory services only. F or G indicates Flight Information services
only.
26 — Enroute Communications.
27 — Total mileage between Navaids.
28 — Compulsory Reporting Point represented by screened fill. Non Compulsory Reporting point is open,
no fill.
29 — Holding pattern.
30 — FIR/UIR Boundary name, identifier and Airspace Class.
31 — Route usability by non B-RNAV equipped aircraft (within Europe only).
32 — Unnamed, official published ATS route with direction indication.
33 — Uncontrolled Airspace (Class F or G).
34 — GPS MEA.
35 — Minimum Obstruction Clea rance Altitude (MOCA).
36 — Conditional Route Category (See Enroute Text pages Europe).
37 — Airway Designator.
38 — Segment mileage.
39 — Maximum Authorized Altitude (MAA).
40 — CNS/ATM Equipment Requirement Boundary.
41 — Non Standard Flight Levels (Even Flight Levels in direction indicated).
42 — RNAV ATS route when not identified by designator (used outside Europe). 1329508730203

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 ENROUTE-8 INTRODUCTION 2 MAR 12 q$i

43 — Named or unnamed airspace fix or mileage break. Database identifiers are enclosed in square
brackets [ABROC]. They may be designated by the State (country) as Computer Navigation Fixes
(CNFs) or derived by Jeppesen. These identifiers should not be used in filing flight plans nor should
they be used when communicating with ATC; however they are also included in computer planning
systems. They are shown only to enable the pilot to maintain orientation when using charts in concert
with database navigation systems.
44 — Altitude Change.
45 — Route Minimum Off-Route Altitude (Route MORA).
46 — Direct Route (Requires ATC Approval, will not be accepted in Flight Plans).
47 — NDB.
48 — Communications related to Airport listed above Airport label. App/Arr, Dep, Twr and Gnd listed in Chart
tabulations. Asterisk indicates part time operation.

10–1B CHART LEGEND

10-1B charts depict the horizontal and vertical limits of Terminal airspace established by official source
publications and provide orientation details for flights operating within the area. Associated airport
communications are also included.
10-1B charts depicting US Class B airspace also includes general IFR and VFR Flight Procedures
appropriate to that particular area.

SAMPLE 10–1B CONTENT

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 2 MAR 12 INTRODUCTION ENROUTE-9 q$i

1 — DME arc distances used to define the Terminal airspace.

2 — Bold line represents the horizontal limits of the Terminal airspace and airspace sectors.
3 — Primary navaid used to further define the horizontal limits of the Terminal airspace.
4 — Primary airport is shown in bold print.
5 — Vertical limits of the Terminal airspace within charted sector in hundreds of feet.
6 — Screened information provided for orientation purposes. This includes airway information, airports
and navaids.
1297445655000

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 2 MAR 12 INTRODUCTION SID/STAR-1 q$i

SID/DP AND STAR CHART LEGEND

The SID & STAR section of the Jeppesen legend provides a general overview and depiction of Standard
Instrument Departure (SID), Departure (DP), Standard Terminal Arrival Route/Standard Instrument Arrival
(STAR), and Arrival charts. These charts are graphic illustrations of the procedures prescribed by the
governing authority. A text description may be provided, in addition to the graphic, when it is supplied by the
governing authority. All altitudes shown on SID/DP and STAR charts are MSL unless otherwise specified. All
mileages are nautical, all radials and bearings are magnetic unless otherwise specified.

1303320940000

1303320940000

HEADING

1303327466000

1 — ICAO indicators and IATA identifiers. 6— Chart effective date.

2 — Airport name. 7— Geographical location name.
3 — Chart revision date. 8— Chart type identifier.
4 — Jeppesen company logo.
5 — Index number.
Charts are sequenced alphabetical or by
runway number within similar type arrivals or
departures. 1303320940000

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 SID/STAR-2 INTRODUCTION 2 MAR 12 q$i

BRIEFING INFORMATION

1— Indicates the service is part time. 5— All available primary frequencies are depicted.
2— SID/DP Initial Departure Control Services 6— Indicates that radar services are available.
or STAR Weather Services (e.g. ATlS) are 7— Airport elevation is provided for
depicted. Arrival/Departure airport.
3— Function of the service is shown when 8— Procedure restrictions and instructions.
applicable. Required equipment notes are prominently
4— Service call sign is shown when transmit and displayed.
receive, or transmit only ops are available. 9— Transition Level and Altitude.
The call sign is omitted when the service is
broadcast only or has a secondary function.

1303320940000

MINIMUM SAFE or SECTOR ALTITUDE (MSA)

1— Sector defining Radial/Bearing, always depicted inbound for the
Navaid, Fix or Airport Reference Point (ARP).
2— Minimum safe/sector altitude.
3— Navaid/Fix/ARP the MSA is predicated on.
NOTE: Normal coverage is a 25 NM radius from the forming facility/fix.
If the protected coverage is other than 25 NM, that radius is depicted
below the forming facility/fix. MSA is provided when specified by the
1303320940000
governing authority for any procedure serving the airport.

CLIMB and ROUTING INSTRUCTIONS TABULATED TEXT BOX

Text description might be provided, in addition to the graphic, when it is supplied by the governing authority.
Text should be used in conjunction with the graphic to fully understand the procedure to be flown. Neither the
text nor the graphic is a stand alone representation of all instructions, speed, and altitude restrictions, but
are a combined representation of the procedure.

Tabulated Text boxes, which include a wide variety of actions, instructions, or restrictions for the pilot, have
certain common elements of design for SID, DP and STAR procedures.
1 — General identification applying to certain 3 — Textual description, which compliments the
sections of the procedure, such as Runway, graphic-based depictions or unique instructions,
Arrival or SID identification. that cannot be graphically represented.
2 — Segment of flight, such as Initial Climb, Routing, 4 — General restriction that cannot be incorporated
or Landing may be identified. in the graphic or that would enhance
understanding of procedure.

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 2 MAR 12 INTRODUCTION SID/STAR-3 q$i

GRAPHIC — INFORMATION BOXES

Information boxes are generally tied to the track, fix, or navaid to which the information applies. The content is
associated with the graphic depiction on SID, DP, and STAR charts. Information boxes include a wide variety
of actions, instructions, or restrictions.
Though information boxes vary widely based on the complexity of procedures, they do have certain common
elements of design.
1 — Heading, if included, represent the who, what, where, or why
of the information box.
2 — Instruction lines are used to separate instructions and
conditions for improved clarity.
3 — Instructions or conditional statements associated with track, fix,
navaid, or procedure.

1303320940000

1303320940000

GRAPHIC — LOST COMMUNICATIONS PROCEDURE

1303320940000

Unique lost communication instructions, provided by the governing authority for a procedure, are placed
within the graphic and are outlined by the lost communication boundary.

GRAPHIC — SPEED RESTRICTIONS

Speed restrictions that apply to the entire procedure are shown below the procedure title.

1303320940000

Speed restrictions vary widely within individual procedures. They can be in the tabulated text, boxed, and/or
placed in information boxes at the associated track, fix or phase of flight.

GRAPHIC — STARTING POINT AND END POINT OF STAR, DP, AND SID PROCEDURES
Navaids, intersections, or waypoints identified in the procedure title are shown prominently for easy
identification of the starting points on STARs, and the ending points on SID or DP procedures.

1— Intersection or waypoint names are shown in larger text.

2— Navaid boxes include a shadowed outline.

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GRAPHIC

1303327466000

1 — Type of procedure.
2 — Arrival/Departure code.
3 — Arrival/Departure name.
4 — Database identifiers are included when different than the Arrival/Departure code or name.
5 — Specified qualifying statements, such as runways, navigational requirements, or aircraft type.
6— Runway layout is provided for all hard surface runways.
7— Arrival/Departure airport is highlighted with circular screen.
8— Arrival/Departure track of procedure represents a common course used by multiple transitions.
9— Airport is listed only when SID, DP, or STAR also serves multiple airports, which are screened.
10 — Starting Point of STAR and end point of SID/DP procedures are shown prominently.
11 — T placed after altitude denotes a Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude (MOCA).
12 — Radial and DME forms the fix. The DME, if not displayed is the segment distance, if shown it is the
total distance from the forming Navaid.
13 — Altitude T is placed when the altitude changes along a track at other than a Navaid.
14 — Certain Special Use Airspace Areas are charted when referenced in procedure source. 1329502730348

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 27 JAN 17 INTRODUCTION SID/STAR-5
SID/DP AND STAR CHART LEGEND q$i

15 — Transition name placed on the last segment of the SID/DP and the first segment of STAR procedures.
16 — Minimum Enroute Altitude (MEA) unless otherwise designated.
17 — Segment distance.
18 — Coordinates of fix or Navaids.
19 — Formation radials are presented in many ways based on Navaid position & compositional space.
20 — Route identification code.
21 — At the Changeover point, the pilot changes primary navigation to the next Navaid.
22 — Transition track.
23 — VOR radial on which aircraft is flying inbound towards the Navaid. 1409754014530

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 12 APR 13 INTRODUCTION AIRPORT-1 q$i

AIRPORT CHART LEGEND

AIRPORT
NOTE: This section of the Jeppesen legend provides a general overview regarding the depiction of airport
diagrams and associated information.
The following briefly explains the symbology used on airport charts throughout the world. Not all items
explained apply to all charts. The airport chart is divided into specific areas of information as illustrated below.
To enhance the usability for larger airports, the Communications and Airport Planview sections are depicted
on one side of the chart. An added Notes Section along with the Additional Runway Information, Take-off
minimums, and Alternate minimums sections are depicted on the reverse side of the chart.

FORMAT

1303320999000

HEADING

1— ICAO indicators and IATA airport identifiers. 5— Chart revision date.

2— Airport elevation. 6 — Chart effective date.
3— Airport geographic latitude and longitude shown 7 — Airport name.
in degrees, minutes, and tenths of minutes. 8 — Geographic location name.
4— Chart index number. Same as the first approach 9 — Jeppesen company logo.
chart when the airport chart is printed on the
reverse side.

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COMMUNICATIONS
For Communications Information See Approach Chart Legend — Page APPROACH-2

1303320999000

AIRPORT PLANVIEW

1— The planview is a "To Scale" graphical depiction of the airport layout, a latitude/longitude grid in
degrees, minutes, and tenths of minutes is depicted along the inside of the neat line.
2— The airport magnetic variation is graphically and numerically depicted.
3— Airport operational notes are placed within the planview. Notes pertaining to a specific area are placed
within the area or tied to it.
4— Runway designators (numbers) are magnetic unless followed by a "T" for true. Runway bearings
are included when known.
5— Physical length of the runway which does not include stopways, overruns, or adjustments for displaced
thresholds. Shown in feet with the meter equivalent included at International Airports.
6 — The runway end elevation is depicted when known.
7 — When applicable, the physical location of displaced thresholds along the runway are shown.
8 — Stopping points along the runway are depicted for Land and Hold Short Operations.
9 — "Hot Spot" areas are depicted along with a corresponding label when applicable. A textual description
is included within the planview or below the additional runway information band.
10 — When available, stopways and overruns are depicted with the applicable length.
11 — When known, the location of RVR transmissometers are shown with any applicable identifiers.
12 — All active taxiways and ramp areas are depicted using a grey area fill color. All taxiway identifiers and
ramp names are included when known.
13 — All known permanently closed taxiways are shown.
14 — One of two depictions is used for closed runways depending on the nature of the closure:
a. Lengths and designators (numbers) are retained when the closure is temporary.
b. Lengths and designators (numbers) are removed when the closure is permanent.
15 — The configuration and length of all known approach light systems are shown. 1363984942909

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 2 MAR 12 INTRODUCTION AIRPORT-3 q$i

16 — All seaplane operating areas/water runways a re shown. Runway numbers are followed by a "W", the
physical length is included along with elevations.
17 — The geographical location of the Airport Reference Point (ARP) is depicted when known.
18 — Areas under construction are outlined using a light dashed line.
19 — When known, the location of the airport identification beacon is shown.
20 — Buildings on or near the airport are depicted.
21 — Roads on or near the airport are depicted.
22 — Location of Engineered Materials Arresting System (EMAS) pads are shown and labeled.
23 — All known wind direction indicators are depicted.
24 — Helicopter landing pads/areas.
25 — The geographical location of on airport VORs and NDBs is indicated and labeled.
26 — Pole lines that are on or near the airport are depicted.
27 — All known terrain high points and man-made structures with an elevation 50 feet above the nearest rwy
end elevation are depicted. The applicable symbol and elevation are shown.
28 — Special use airspace, area outline and designator are depicted. A note, "Entire Chart Lies Within
R-XXXX", is shown when the entire chart planview falls within a particular area.
29 — A scale for both feet and meters that is equivalent to the chart scale is shown.
30 — Hazard beacons within the planview are depicted along with an elevation if known.
31 — Railroad tracks on or near the airport are shown.
32 — Ditches in the vicinity of the airport are depicted.
33 — Tree lines are depicted. An open ended tree line indicates the border of a forested area.
34 — Bluffs are shown with the arrows of the symbol pointing down, or toward lower elevation.

1303320999000

ADDITIONAL RUNWAY INFORMATION BAND

1303320999000

NOTE: For an explanation of the abbreviations used within the Additional Runway Information Band, see
the Abbreviations Section. All distances depicted in the Additional Runway Information Band are in feet, the
meter equivalent is also shown at International airports.
1 — Runway designators/numbers are depicted in the upper left and lower right corners of the box. All
information shown to the right within the band applies to the indicated runways. When the information
differs between runways, the band is separated with a line.
2 — All operational runway lighting and approach light systems are listed.
3 — Runway surface treatment (grooving) is indicated.
4 — "RVR" is depicted when one or more transmissometers are installed along the runway.
5 — When different from the physical runway length, landing distance beyond threshold is shown.
6 — When applicable, the distance from a point abeam the glide slope transmitter to the roll-out end of the
rwy is shown. For PAR, the distance is from the GS interception with the runway.
7 — At airports with Land And Hold Short Operations (LAHSO), the distance from the runway threshold to
the designated hold short point is shown.
8 — When take-off length is restricted, the physical rwy distance available for take-off is shown.
9 — The physical width of the runway is shown.
10 — This band is expanded to show information for all operational runways in numerical order.
11 — All notes related to the runway information depicted are shown in this section.

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TAKE-OFF MINIMUMS
Publication of take-off minimums does not constitute authority for their use by all operators. Each individual
operator is responsible for ensuring that the proper minimums are used based on authorization specific to
their type of operation.
Wide variations exist regarding take-off minimums depending on the governing agency, typically though they
consist of a visibility/ceiling and associated required conditions for use.
Generally, take-off minimums are shown in order of best (lowest) to worst (highest) starting at the top left
and progressing to the bottom right of the format. This applies to the overall minimums box as well as for
a particular runway or set of runways.
Visibilities and ceilings are shown in feet, statute/nautical miles, meters, and kilometers while RVR is shown in
hundreds of feet and whole meters. Values in feet and statute/nautical miles are not labeled, for example;
"RVR50" means 5000 feet RVR, "1" means 1 mile, and "300" means 300 feet. Values in meters are labeled
with an "m" and kilometers with a "km". Altitudes listed within climb gradient requirements are above Mean
Sea Level (MSL). Ceilings specified for take-off are heights Above Airport Level (AAL).
Typical format used for charting take-off minimums:

1 —Take-off minimums header indicating the contents of the minimums box.

2 —Runway number/numbers, minimums below apply to the designated runway.
3 —General conditions, those that affect a wide range of the depicted minimums.
4 —Type of aircraft information is normally depicted here, typically in the form of number of aircraft engines
or aircraft approach categories.
5 — More specific conditions, those that affect only a few of the minimums.
6 — Very specific conditions, those that affect only the minimums directly below.
7 — Ceilings and or RVR/visibilities authorized based on the conditions and runways listed above. When a
ceiling and visibility are listed, both are required. In this format example, these minimums would
represent the "best" (lowest) available take-off minimums.
8 — Ceilings and or visibilities authorized based on the conditions above, minimums typically become
"higher" with less restrictions.
9 — The use of abbreviations is prevalent within the take-off minimums band given that many of the
conditions/restrictions have lengthy explanations. See the Chart Glossary and/or Abbreviations
sections for a more detailed description.
10 — The take-off minimums for a given set of conditions can differ based on aircraft type. Separate
minimums are depicted for each aircraft type scenario.
11 — Usually the term, "Other" is used to describe take-off minimums having no conditions.
12 — This being the farthest minimum box to the right, it would generally contain the highest set of take-off
minimums with the least number of conditions for that particular runway. 1329509537609

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 25 AUG 17 INTRODUCTION AIRPORT-5
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 2 MAR 12 INTRODUCTION APPROACH-1 q$i

APPROACH CHART LEGEND

NOTE: This section of the Jeppesen legend provides a general overview regarding the depiction of approach
procedures.
Approach charts are graphic representations of instrument approach procedures prescribed by the governing
authority. The following briefly explains the symbology used on approach charts throughout the world. Not
all items explained apply to all charts. The approach chart is divided into specific areas of information as
illustrated below.

FORMAT

1303315984000

HEADING

1303315984000

1— ICAO indicators and IATA airport identifiers. 5— Chart effective date.

2— Airport name. 6— Procedure identification.
3— Index number. Charts are sequenced by 7— Geographical location name.
runway number within similar type approaches.
4— Chart revision date. 8— Jeppesen company logo.

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COMMUNICATIONS

1303315984000

1 — Communications are shown left to right in the 6 — Indicates that radar services are available.
order of normal use.
2 — Communication service, call sign is omitted 7 — Sectors are defined for each frequency when
when the service is broadcast only. applicable.
3 — Functionality of the service is shown when 8 — Indicates the service is part time.
applicable.
4 — The service call sign is shown when transmit & 9 — When the service is a secondary function, the
receive or transmit only operations are available. call sign is omitted.
5 — All available primary frequencies are depicted.

APPROACH BRIEFING INFORMATION

1304453542000

1— Approach primary Navaid.

1304453542000

2— Final approach course bearing.

3— Crossing altitude at the FAF. Glide slope crossing altitude for
precision approaches. Procedure altitude (Vertical Descent Altitude
or Minimum Crossing Altitude) for non-precision approaches. 1304453542000

4 — Lowest DA(H) or MDA(H).

5 — Airport Elevation and Touchdown Zone/Threshold Elevation.
6 — Textual description of the Missed Approach Procedure.
7 — Altimeter Setting Information, Barometric Pressure Equivalents are included.
8 — Airport/Procedure Transition Level and Altitude.
9 — Notes applicable to the Approach Procedure.

1303315984000

MINIMUM SAFE or SECTOR ALTITUDE (MSA)

1— Sector defining Radial/Bearing, always depicted to the
Navaid/Fix or Airport Reference Point (ARP).
2— Minimum safe/sector altitude.
3— Navaid/Fix/ARP the MSA is predicated on.

1303317335000

NOTE: Normal coverage is a 25 NM radius from the forming facility/fix. If the protected coverage is other than
25 NM, that radius is depicted below the forming facility/fix.

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 3 AUG 12 INTRODUCTION APPROACH-3
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APPROACH PLANVIEW

1303315984000

1— The planview is a graphical "To Scale" depiction of the approach procedure. Latitude and longitude
tics are shown in 10 minute increments along the neatline.
2— Complete runway layout is depicted for the primary airport.
3— Approach transitions are depicted with a medium weight line. The bearing is normally inset within the
track with the mileage and associated altitude placed along the track.
4— Off-chart origination navaid/waypoint name. Navaid frequency, ident, and Morse code is shown when
required for fix formation.
5— VOR cross radials and NDB bearings used in forming a fix. DME formation distances are shown when
applicable. Navaid frequency, ident, and Morse code shown as required.
6— Airspace fixes depicted using several different symbols according to usage.
7— Navaid boxes include the navaid name, identifier, Morse code, and frequency. A letter "D" indicates
DME capability with an asterisk indicating part time.
8— Substitute fix identification information located below facility box when applicable.
9— Initial Approach Fixes and Intermediate Fixes are labeled as (IAF) and (IF) respectively.
10 — A shadowed navaid box indicates the primary navaid upon which lateral course guidance for the
final approach segment is predicated.
11 — The final/intermediate approach course is indicated with a heavy weight line.
12 — The final approach course bearing shown in bold text, with a directional arrow as needed.
13 — Airspace fix names are shown near or tied to the fix, formational info is placed below name.
14 — Jeppesen-derived database identifiers are depicted when different from State-supplied name.
15 — The missed approach segment is shown with heavy weight dashed line work.
16 — Holding/Racetrack patterns are shown with both inbound and outbound bearings. Restrictions are
charted when applicable, heavy weight tracks indicate the holding/racetrack is required.
17 — Some, but not all, terrain high points and man-made structures are depicted along with their elevations.
Generally only high points 400’ or more above the airport elevation are shown. 1341935460082

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18 — Arrow indicates the highest of the portrayed high points within the planview area only.
19 — Generalized terrain contours may be depicted based on several geographic factors.
20 — Rivers/large water bodies are shown. Smaller and seasonal water areas are not depicted.
21 — Some, but not all, Special Use Airspace boundaries and identifiers are depicted.
22 — All secondary IFR airports, and VFR airports that lie under the final approach, are depicted.
23 — Charting scale used is indicated along the left side of the planview.

1303315984000

APPROACH PLANVIEW — RNAV PROCEDURE DIFFERENCES

1303315984000

1— A primary navaid box is shown for RNAV approach procedures augmented by ground based facilities.
The system type, channel, and system approach ID are shown.
2— Some RNAV procedures utilize Terminal Arrival Area/Terminal Area Altitude (TAA). A graphical
depiction of each TAA sector is placed within the planview in the corresponding area. The TAA’s
foundational waypoint is depicted along with the forming bearings, arrival altitudes, and applicable
NoPT labels. Generally the TAA replaces the MSA as indicated in the MSA box.
3— When the normal TAA coverage of 30 NM (25 NM ICAO) from the base waypoint is modified, the
segmented areas are depicted with the applicable altitudes indicated.
4— Due to the required use of a database, only waypoint names are shown. Formations and coordinates
are omitted.
5— Along track distances, normally to the next named waypoint, are shown per source for un-named
waypoints.

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APPROACH PLANVIEW — NOT TO SCALE INSETS

1303315984000

Insets are used to portray essential procedural information that falls outside of the planview boundary. The
use of insets facilitates larger scales for depicting core segments of the procedure.
1 — A solid line is used to outline the inset when the information has been remoted from the associated "To
Scale" tracks. Labels inside the inset indicate the usage of the contained procedural information.
2 — A dashed line is used to outline the inset when the information remains in line with the associated "To
Scale" tracks. A NOT TO SCALE label is included inside the inset.

1303315984000

NON·PRECISION RECOMMENDED ALTITUDE DESCENT TABLE

General Description: The Recommended Altitude Descent table, shown to facilitate the CDFA technique,
contains "check" altitudes that correlate directly to the Vertical Descent Angle (VDA) used in conjunction with
the final approach segment of the procedure. When the State Authority has not supplied this information,
Jeppesen will derive the altitudes based on the procedure VDA.
1 — The direction of the Recommended Altitude Descent table, top of descent down, is sequenced in the
same direction as the flight tracks in the profile. A grey arrow indicates this left-to-right or right-to-Ieft
direction.
2 — The source for the DME "checkpoints" is indicated by the navaid ident. When the table is
Jeppesen-derived, DME is used whenever possible for the establishment of the checkpoints.
3 — The row of recommended altitudes is labeled to indicate their associated use with the VDA.
4 — The DME distance that defines each checkpoint is depicted in whole and tenths of a NM.
5 — A recommended altitude, (which is defined by a position along the VDA at a given point) is supplied
corresponding to each checkpoint in the table.
6 — When DME is not available, each checkpoint will be defined by a distance to a fix along the final
approach course. This distance is shown in whole and tenths of a NM.
7 — The "to" waypoint is indicated when checkpoints are defined by a distance to a fix.
8 — When a Non-Precision approach is combined with a Precision approach, a qualifier is added to indicate
that the depicted recommended altitudes relate to the non-precision approach only.
9 — Bold text indicates the altitude is charted in the FAF altitude box within the Briefing Strip.

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 APPROACH-6 INTRODUCTION 2 MAR 12 q$i

APPROACH PROFILE VIEW

The Profile View graphically portrays the Final/Intermediate segments of the approach. A Not To Scale
horizontal and vertical cross section is used.
1 — All procedure bearings are shown. Bold text is used to
emphasize the Final Approach Course. Arrowheads are
added as needed to indicate direction of flight.
2 — Bearings are placed either above, below, or inset in the
track.
3 — Both inbound and outbound bearings are depicted for
procedure holding/racetrack patterns.
4 — All altitudes depicted in the profile view are MINIMUM
altitudes unless specifically labeled otherwise. All altitudes
are above mean sea level in feet (AMSL).
5 — Maximum altitudes: may be abbreviated "MAX".
6 — Mandatory altitudes: abbreviations are not used.
7 — Recommended altitudes: abbreviations are not used.
8 — Bold text is used to emphasize the procedure altitude at
the FAF or the GS intercept altitude at the FAP/FAF. This
is also the altitude shown in the Briefing Strip.
9 — The type of navaid is indicated. Identifying Morse code is
shown for all markers. When known, glide slope crossing
altitudes are included.
10 — The navaid ident or name is included where confusion
may occur. The crossing altitude of the Vertical Descent
Angle (VDA) is included whenever applicable.
11 — All fix names are shown along with any DME formations.
The ident of the source DME is included when multiple
DME sources are charted.
12 — Stand-alone DME fixes are depicted similar to named
waypoints.
1303317335000

1303317335000

1— Procedure notes that relate directly to information portrayed in the profile view are charted within the
profile view, normally placed in the upper right or left corners.
2 — A "broken" navaid or fix symbol indicates that it does not fall directly in line with the final approach track.
3 — Outbound bearings associated with procedure turns are included for situational awareness.
4 — Minimum altitude while executing the procedure turn.
5 — The distance to remain within while executing the procedure turn. Distance is measured from the
initiating navaid/fix unless otherwise indicated.
6 — Profile view "ground line". Represents an imaginary straight line originating from the runway threshold.
No terrain high points or man-made structures are represented in the profile view.
7 — Procedure flight tracks are portrayed using a thick solid line. Multiple separate procedures using the
same altitudes are represented by a single line.
8 — Final Approach Point (FAP). Beginning of the final approach segment for precision approaches.
9 — Nautical Mile (NM) distance to the "0" point. Not included at DME fixes.
10 — Nautical Mile (NM) distance between two navaids and or fixes. 1329509389463

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APPROACH CHART LEGEND q$i

11 — Final Approach Course bearing. Only repeated if a change in course occurs.

12 — Tracks are placed relative to each other based on the corresponding crossing altitudes.
13 — Non-precision procedure flight tracks that deviate from the Glide Slope and or the Vertical Descent
Angle are depicted as a light solid line.
14 — Pull-up representing the DA/MDA or when reaching the descent limit along the GS/VDA.
15 — Pull-up arrow associated to a non-precision approach not using a CDFA technique.
16 — Touchdown zone, runway end, or threshold elevation labeled accordingly.
17 — Threshold crossing height associated to the charted glide slope or vertical descent angle.
18 — Runway block symbolizing the runway. The approach end represents the runway threshold.

1329255929370

19 — Time limit applicable to the outbound leg of the procedure holding/racetrack.

20 — Minimum altitude while executing the procedure holding/racetrack.
21 — Outbound and inbound bearings associated to the procedure holding/racetrack.
22 — RNAV waypoints are identified by their five character identifier only.
23 — Segment Minimum Altitudes (SMA) are represented by a shaded rectangle bordered by the two
defining fixes. The minimum altitude is shown along the top edge of the sector.
24 — Altitudes that correspond to the VDA.
25 — Nautical miles to the next fix is supplied for the "Top of Descent" when not at a fix.
26 — Pull up along the VDA at the DA/MDA is depicted relative to the missed approach point.
27 — Nautical miles and name of "to" fixes are supplied for all along track distance fixes.
28 — A dotted gray line illustrates the VNAV path from the FAF to the Landing Threshold Point (LTP) TCH.
The VNAV path supports CDFA flight techniques between the FAF and MAP only. The VNAV path is
NOT intended to be used below the DA/MDA. In accordance with FAA and ICAO regulations, descent
below DA/MDA is strictly prohibited without visual reference to the runway environment.
29 — Visual flight track is shown when the missed approach point is prior to the runway threshold.

1303315984000

DESCENT/TIMING CONVERSION TABLE — LIGHTING BOX — MISSED APPROACH ICONS

1303317335000

1— Indicates Ground Speed in Knots for several common aircraft approach speeds.
2— For precision approaches, Glide Slope angle is shown in degrees along with relative descent rates in
feet per minute.
3— For non-precision approaches, Vertical Descent Angle is shown, when applicable, in degrees along
with relative descent rates in feet per minute.
4— The location of the Missed Approach Point is defined, the distance and associated timing is included
only when applicable.
5— Installed approach lights, visual approach slope indicators, and runway end lights are depicted for the
straight-in landing runway.
6— Missed approach Icons which symbolize the initial "up and out" actions associated with the missed
approach procedure are depicted. The complete missed approach instructions are shown in textual
form in the Briefing Strip.

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 APPROACH-8 INTRODUCTION 25 AUG 17

APPROACH CHART LEGEND q$i

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 25 AUG 17 INTRODUCTION APPROACH-9
APPROACH CHART LEGEND q$i

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 APPROACH-10 INTRODUCTION 25 AUG 17

APPROACH CHART LEGEND q$i

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 2 MAR 12 INTRODUCTION APPROACH-11 q$i

CHART BOUNDARY LINE INFORMATION

1— Label indicates the State has specified that the approach procedure complies with the United States
Standard for Terminal Procedures criteria as it relates to aircraft handling speeds and circling area
development.
2— Labels indicate the State has specified that the approach procedure complies with the ICAO
PANS-OPS criteria as it relates to aircraft handling speeds and circling area development.
3— Label indicates the MIPS design criteria when it is known that the procedure is designed according
to Military Instrument Procedures Standardization, which is the short form for AATCP–1, NATO
Supplement to ICAO Document 8168-0PS/611 Volume II.
4— Shown when procedure source amendment information has been supplied by the State (USA).
5— Currently only shown on U.S. approach procedures, the Procedure Amendment Reference Date is
supplied on charts with an Effective Date later than 22 OCT 2009. This reference date is used to
establish electronic database currency.

1329255929370

6— A brief summary of the changes applied to the chart during the last revision.
7— Jeppesen Copyright label. 1329509389463

END OF APPROACH CHART LEGEND

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 30 DEC 05 INTRODUCTION 165

ICAO RECOMMENDED AIRPORT SIGNS, RUNWAY AND TAXIWAY MARKINGS

STOP BARS

APPLICATION
A stop bar is provided at every runway-holding posi-
tion when it is intended that the runway will be used
in RVR conditions less than 350m or between 350m
and 550m. A stop bar will be provided at an interme-
diate holding position to supplement markings with
lights or where normal stop bar lights might be ob-
scured.

LOCATION
Configuration A
Stop bars are located across the taxiway at the point
where it is desired that traffic stop. Additional lights
may be provided at the taxiway edge.

CHARACTERISTICS
Stop bars consist of lights spaced at intervals across
the taxiway, showing red in the intended direction of
approach to the intersection or runway-holding posi-
tion. Stop bars installed at a runway-holding position
will be unidirectional, showing red in the direction of
approach to the runway.

RUNWAY GUARD LIGHTS

Configuration B
APPLICATION
Runway guard lights, configuration A, are located at
each taxiway/runway intersection associated with a
runway intended for use in:
RVR conditions less than 550m where a stop bar is
not installed; and
RUNWAY MARKINGS
RVR conditions between 550m and 1200m where Runway markings are white.
traffic density is medium or low.
Configuration A or B or both will be provided at each
taxiway/runway intersection where the configuration
of the intersection needs to be enhanced, such as
on a wide throat taxiway.

LOCATION
Runway guard lights, configuration A, are located at
each side of a taxiway, whereas in configuration B
they are located across the taxiway.

CHARACTERISTICS
Runway guard lights are unidirectional flashing yel-
low lights.

© JEPPESEN SANDERSON, INC. 2004, 2005. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

166 INTRODUCTION 30 DEC 05

ICAO RECOMMENDED AIRPORT SIGNS, RUNWAY AND TAXIWAY MARKINGS

THRESHOLD MARKINGS RUNWAY CENTERLINE MARKINGS

APPLICATION AND LOCATION APPLICATION AND LOCATION

Threshold markings are provided at the threshold of A runway centerline marking is provided on a paved
a paved instrument and non-instrument runway in- runway along the centerline.
tended for use by international commercial air trans-
port. CHARACTERISTICS

CHARACTERISTICS Runway centerline markings consist of a line of uni-

formly spaced stripes and gaps. Stripes are normal-
Runway threshold markings consist of a pattern of ly 30m long, gaps 20m long.
longitudinal stripes of uniform dimensions disposed
symmetrically about the centerline of a runway. The
number of stripes shall be in accordance with the HIGH SPEED TAXIWAY TURN-OFF
runway width as follows: INDICATOR LIGHTS (HSTIL)
RUNWAY WIDTH NUMBER OF ICAO term is Rapid Exit Taxiway Indicator Lights
STRIPES (RETIL)

18m 4 APPLICATION
23m 6 HSTIL should be provided on a runway intended for
use in RVR conditions less than 350m and/or where
30m 8 traffic density is heavy.

45m 12
LOCATION
60m 16 A set of HSTIL shall be located on the runway on the
same side of the runway centerline as the associat-
Where a runway designator is placed within a ed high speed turn-off taxiway, in the configuration
threshold marking, there will be a minimum of three shown below.
stripes on each side of the runway centerline.
Stripes are at least 30m long.
CHARACTERISTICS

RUNWAY DESIGNATION MARKINGS HSTIL are fixed unidirectional yellow lights, aligned
so as to be visible to the pilot of a landing airplane in
the direction of approach to the runway.
APPLICATION AND LOCATION
Runway designation markings are located at the
thresholds of a paved runway.

CHARACTERISTICS
Runway designation markings consists of a two-digit
number located at the threshold. On parallel run-
ways each runway designation number is supple-
mented by a letter in the order from left to right when
viewed from the direction of approach.

Point of
tangency (328') (328') (328')
100m 100m 100m
(197')
60m

RETILs
2m
2m lateral
spacing 2m

2m
Runway centerline

© JEPPESEN SANDERSON, INC. 2005. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

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2x# ^4r^`29#r Tj 2 92h^ $^r# $9x^[#a jW^$ )2xv^4I `@4$^$9$ @= 2 [2^x @= $@z^r z^4#$ 9W# $2)# `@z@x 2$ 9W# 92h^c2j
`#49#xz^4# )2xv^4Ia

p l?22?<?z <#z;?7<!zn _z4an KttFa #qq 7_PXj< 7?<?7•?;a

N,t K, O?2 tF _zj7!;q4j_!z

_4#! 7?4!xx?z;?; #_72!7j <_Pz<n 7qz!#( #z; j#&_!#( x#7n_zP<

27?]jX7?<X!q; #7?# x#7n_zP ]4X?•7!z x#7n_zP^

!W#4 9W# [2b#r $Mx=2`# [x^@x 9@ 9W# 9Wx#$W@zr #h`##r$ 1t) ^4 z#4I9W 24r ^$ 4@9 $M^92Tz# =@x M$# Tj 2^x`x2=9n 9W#
#49^x# z#4I9W c^zz T# )2xv#r c^9W 2 `W#bx@4 )2xv^4I ][x#=#x2Tzj j#zz@c^ [@^49^4I ^4 9W# r^x#`9^@4 @= 9W# xM4c2j
9Wx#$W@zra

jX7?<X!q;
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?z; !O _4#! 7?4!xx?z;?; #_72!7j <_Pz<n 7qz!#( #z; j#&_!#( x#7n_zP<

p l?22?<?z <#z;?7<!zn _z4an KttFa #qq 7_PXj< 7?<?7•?;a

 25 AUG 17 INTRODUCTION 171 q$i

CHART LEGEND - EASA AIR OPS AERODROME OPERATING MINIMUMS (AOM)

Publication of minimums does not constitute authority for their use by all operators. Each individual
operator must obtain appropriate approval for their use.

1. GENERAL NOTE: Most of the samples in this document are

The inverted “Standard” label in the upper left cor- intended to illustrate only the relevant information of
ner of the minimums box indicates that the minimums the related paragraph. Other sections (like circling
are based on EASA AIR OPS and State Minimums, if minimums) within the samples are intentionally left
provided. They are not compared against other con- blank.
cepts like ECOMS. For a detailed excerpt of EASA
AIR OPS minimums refer to Jeppesen ATC-Chap-
2. TAKE-OFF MINIMUMS
ter "AERODROME OPERATING MINIMUMS - EASA Low visibility take-off operations below a visibility
AIR OPERATIONS". of 800m require that the operator verifies that Low
Visibility Procedures (LVP) or equivalent procedures
Jeppesen charted minimums are not below any have been established and are in force.
State-provided minimums. RVR/CMV/VIS values
are shown in measuring units as reported by the Jeppesen charts the lowest possible take-off mini-
governing agency. mums (including LVTO) because the LVP information
is not always published in the AIP.
AOM for take-off and landing are either shown on
Jeppesen instrument approach or aerodrome charts Only if there is a clear statement within the AIP that
or on a separate minimums listing. LVP are not available for the specific airport, the take-
off minimum will be charted as RVR 550m VIS 800m
Landing minimums will be shown as RVR, as pro- (or higher State value).
vided within the EASA tables.
The multiple RVR requirement means, that the
A Visibility, prefixed "VIS", will only be charted if a VIS required RVR value must be achieved for all of the
value is published as State minimum. relevant RVR reporting points (touchdown zone,
A Converted Meteorological Visibility, prefixed mid and rollout end of runway), except for the initial
“CMV”, will only be charted if a CMV value is part, which can be determined by pilot assessment.
published as State minimum. Approved operators may reduce their take-off mini-
mums to RVR 75m with an approved lateral guidance
Take-off minimums are shown as RVR, or without pre- system and if the runway is protected for CAT III land-
fix if they are either RVR or VIS. ing operations and equivalent facilities are available.
A Visibility, prefixed "VIS", will only be charted for Jeppesen charts a take-off RVR of 75m only if the
take-off if a VIS value is published as State minimum. runway is approved for CAT IIIB operations with RVR
Circling minimums without prefix are always visibili- 75m.
ties. Night operations always require runway end lights.
For separate minimums listings (like 10-9S pages) This is not indicated in the take-off minimums box.
RVR, CMV and VIS are abbreviated as “R”, “C” and
“V”.

Sample of Take-off Minimums

1484734858953

3. CIRCLING MINIMUMS
Circling minimums are only charted if a circling
OCA(H) or MDA(H) is provided by the procedure
source. Otherwise, the circling box is removed. If
circling is not authorized by the procedure source,
it will be noted in the Briefing Strip header. Where
straight-in minimums are higher than circling min-
imums (DH/MDH or RVR/VIS), a note is added to
remind the pilot that the higher straight-in minimums
have to be used.

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 172 INTRODUCTION 25 AUG 17

CHART LEGEND - EASA AIR OPS AERODROME OPERATING MINIMUMS (AOM) q$i

Sample of Circling Minimums Normally, only CDFA minimums are shown. They
are identified by the use of a DA/MDA(H) label.
Jeppesen does not apply an add-on when pub-
lishing a DA/MDA(H) for a CDFA non-precision
approach, because this depends on operator
specific factors.
The CDFA condition will always be identified by the
term ‘CDFA” above the DA/MDA(H) label.
Non-CDFA minimums are shown in exceptional
cases and identified by an MDA(H) label. The
MDA(H) label is also charted if the State explicitly
publishes an MDA(H) on procedure source instead of
an OCA(H). The non-CDFA condition will always be
1484567554702
identified by the term ‘non-CDFA” above the MDA(H)
label.
4. NON-PRECISION APPROACH
MINIMUMS AND CHART PROFILE Sample of Non-precision Minimums (CDFA)
VIEW
According to the EASA AIR OPS requirements for
Commercial Air Transport Operations (Part CAT),
all non-precision approaches shall be flown using
the continuous descent final approach (CDFA)
technique with decision altitude (height), and the
missed approach shall be executed when reaching
the DA(H) or the missed approach point (MAP),
whichever occurs first. The lateral part of the missed
approach procedure must be flown via the MAP
unless stated otherwise in the procedure.
Jeppesen criteria for charting of CDFA or non-CDFA
minimums are based on AMC1 CAT.OP.MPA.115 1484567554702

Approach flight technique – aeroplanes.

Sample of Non-precision Minimums (CDFA + non-CDFA)

1484567554702

The profile depiction will be modified to show the

continuous descent track on final approach. Source-
published minimum altitudes will be shown as seg-
ment minimum altitudes in the profile (grey shaded
box). These minimum altitudes are typically provided
for obstacle clearance and must not be violated to
remain clear of obstacles or terrain.
If not published by the procedure source, a table
depicting distance vs altitude or DME vs altitude
information will be calculated by Jeppesen and
shown above the profile view.
The missed approach pull-up arrow is shown at the
point where the decision height is reached. There is
no level segment depicted prior to the MAP, the MAP
symbol is shown at the same position as published
by the procedure source.
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 25 AUG 17 INTRODUCTION 173
CHART LEGEND - EASA AIR OPS AERODROME OPERATING MINIMUMS (AOM) q$i

CDFA depiction (profile view)

1484567554702

In exceptional cases it may be necessary to include

both, CDFA and non-CDFA flight path. In this case, a
level segment is shown prior to the missed approach
point and the pull-up arrow is shown at the MAP to
depict the non-CDFA procedure.

CDFA and non-CDFA depiction (profile view)

1484567554702

5. CAT I PRECISION AND APV d. for APV operations to runways with FALS and
APPROACH MINIMUMS TDZ and CL when using an approved head-up
display (HUD).
An RVR of less than 750m may be used:
NOTE: A conversion of reported meteorological vis-
a. for CAT I operations to runways with FALS and
ibility to CMV should not be used for any RVR min-
TDZ and CL, or
imum less than 800m. In this case a minimum VIS
b. for CAT I operations to runways with FALS but of 800m applies for the procedure. A charted “RVR
without TDZ and/or CL when using an approved XXXm” (any RVR below 800m) have to be understood
head-up guidance landing system (HUDLS) or as “RVR XXXm or VIS 800m”.
an equivalent approved system, or
The European States publish more and more LPV
c. for CAT I operations to runways with FALS but (SBAS CAT I) procedures. To clearly differentiate
without TDZ and/or CL when conducting a cou- between the CAT I and APV operations, the terms
pled or flight-director-flown approach to decision “LPV CAT I” and “LPV” are used in the minimums
height, or box.

Sample of CAT I Minimums (FALS + TDZ + CL)

1484734858953

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 174 INTRODUCTION 25 AUG 17

CHART LEGEND - EASA AIR OPS AERODROME OPERATING MINIMUMS (AOM) q$i

The note “W/o HUD/AP/FD: RVR 750m” indicates

that the use of HUD or autopilot or flight director is
required if TDZ or CL are not available. Otherwise the
RVR is 750m.

Sample of CAT I Minimums (FALS, no TDZ and/or no CL)

1484567554702

The note “W/o HUD/AP/FD: RVR 750m” indicates

that the use of HUD or autopilot or flight director is
required for the charted RVR. Otherwise the RVR is
750m.

Sample of CAT I Minimums (IALS)

1484567554702

Sample of APV Minimums (FALS + TDZ + CL)

1484567554702

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 25 AUG 17 INTRODUCTION 175
CHART LEGEND - EASA AIR OPS AERODROME OPERATING MINIMUMS (AOM) q$i

The RVR is 750m. The RVR could only be reduced

to 550m if TDZ and CL are operational and a HUD is
used.

Sample of APV Minimums (FALS, no TDZ and/or no CL)

1484734858953

6. LOWER THAN STANDARD The minimum RVR is 300m.

CAT I MINIMUMS EASA operators: For category D it is required to con-
Operators must be approved by their authority to duct an autoland. Otherwise, the minimum RVR is
conduct lower than standard CAT I operations. For 350m; however, this value is not charted on Standard
approved operators, tailored charts will be created Jeppesen charts.
on customer request only.
For US operators: Autoland or HUD to touchdown are
7. CAT II PRECISION APPROACH required.
MINIMUMS
Minimums are applicable to EASA AIR OPS
approved operators as well as to FAR 121 operators
and those applying U.S. Operations Specifications
(Ops Specs).

Sample of CAT II Minimums

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 176 INTRODUCTION 25 AUG 17

CHART LEGEND - EASA AIR OPS AERODROME OPERATING MINIMUMS (AOM) q$i

8. OTHER THAN STANDARD CAT II

PRECISION APPROACH MINIMUMS
Other Than Standard CAT II minimums will only be
published if the procedure is approved for it by the
aerodrome’s Civil Aviation Authority. Charting is sim-
ilar to standard CAT II minimums. An RVR of 400m or
below can only be used if CL are available.

Sample of other than Standard CAT II Minimums (FALS + CL)

1484567554702

Sample of other than Standard CAT II Minimums (FALS, no CL)

1484567554702

9. CAT III PRECISION APPROACH

MINIMUMS
Only CAT IIIA minimums are charted on Standard
charts within the EASA AIR OPS application area.
The DH 50’ value is charted based on customer input
and does not necessarily mean that the pilot has to
use this value as decision height. There is no State
within Europe publishing a specific DH value for CAT
IIIA operations as State required minimum.
RVR 200m, as the minimum RVR for CAT IIIA oper-
ations according to EASA Air OPS, is charted unless
a higher value is required by the State of the aero-
drome.
Pilots have to check the Flight Operations Manual (or
similar documents) for their specific approvals.

10. AERODROME MINIMUMS LISTING

On customer request, the EASA AIR OPS minimums
may be made available on a minimums listing page.
The listings are indexed as 10-9S/10-9S1, 20-9S/20-
9S1, etc.
TERPS change 20 was harmonized with the EASA
minimum tables for CAT I, APV and NPA (CAT C and
D aircraft only). Those procedures with the TERPS
label are therefore EASA AIR OPS compliant and a
10-9S page is normally not required.

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 10 FEB 17 INTRODUCTION 177
CHART LEGEND - EASA AIR OPS AERODROME OPERATING MINIMUMS (AOM) q$i

Sample of 10-9S chart

1484567554702

11. DEPICTION OF EASA AIR c. If only VIS is charted, the reported VIS has to be
OPS AOM IN CASE OF EXISTING used without conversion.
STATE MINIMUMS d. If CMV is charted, the pilot converts a reported
VIS and compare this value against the charted
If State minimums are officially published, the depic-
CMV.
tion of AOM may differ from the standard depiction
where all values are expressed as RVR or VIS.
a. If RVR and VIS are charted together, the RVR
value is compulsory. If no RVR is reported, the
reported VIS has to be used without conversion.
b. No prefix is charted if RVR and VIS is identical.
The reported RVR is compulsory. If no RVR is
reported, the reported VIS has to be used with-
out conversion.

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 22 FEB 19 INTRODUCTION 179 q$i

VISUAL DOCKING GUIDANCE SYSTEMS (VDGS)

PARKING AND DOCKING SYSTEMS
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Visual Docking Guidance Systems (VDGS), sometimes referred to as Nose-in Docking Guidance Systems
or Stand Entry Guidance Systems (SEG), provide centerline and/or stopping guidance for the precise
positioning of the aircraft on a stand. Systems that provide stop guidance only are often combined with
centerline guidance systems.
Where selective operation is possible, the system provides an identification of the selected aircraft type - PIC
(pilot-in command - on the left seat) shall check the current aircraft type.
The centerline guidance unit is aligned to the PIC too.
NOTE 1: Where ground handling personnel is not present on the stand, pilot should not assume, that a
stand is safe to enter simply because the stand (A)VDGS is active or lit. If the pilot has any doubt about
the position of any equipment on or near to the stand, the aircraft should be stopped immediately and
assistance should be requested.
NOTE 2: An aircraft should not be taxied onto a (A)VDGS equipped stand, when the guidance system is
switched off or appears inactive. Except under the guidance of a marshaller.
NOTE 3: The (A)VDGS will be activated when the all necessary equipment is working and is safe for use by
the type of aircraft assigned.

SYSTEMS PROVIDING CENTERLINE AND

STOPPING GUIDANCE IN CONJUNCTION
Aircraft Parking and Information System
(APIS/APIS++)

APIS/APIS++ is designed to be used from left pilots position and combines both alignment and stopping
signals in one visual display mounted at the extension of the stand centerline at flight deck height ahead
of the pilot.
The elements of the display as illustrated below are as follows:
a. An alphanumeric yellow dot matrix element displayed in the upper portion of the unit indicating as
appropriate, any of the signals illustrated.
b. A yellow dot matrix progress strip element displayed on the lower left side of the unit indicating progress
of the aircraft over the last 16.2m of the approach to the stop position.
c. The azimuth guidance element consists of a yellow moire pattern signal providing directional guidance
to the pilot in relation to the stand centerline.
Prior to entering the stand the pilot must ensure that the following signals are displayed:
a. correct aircraft type;
b. correct stand number.
NOTE: Abort docking if display shows STOP or wrong aircraft type/series, or if the azimuth guidance display
is not activated.

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 180 INTRODUCTION 22 FEB 19

VISUAL DOCKING GUIDANCE SYSTEMS (VDGS) q$i

APIS++

1456143839167

Burroughs Optical Lens Docking

Systems (BOLDS)

The BOLDS installation is mounted at pilot eye level and provides centerline and stop guidance. Centerline
guidance is presented as a vertical bar of white light which is divided into 2 parts:
a. the upper part is fixed;
b. the lower part moves left/right to indicate that aircraft is left/right of centerline.
The equipment calibration is restricted to certain aircraft types which are displayed on the right side of the
screen. This part is the stop guidance and consists of a vertical bar within which a white light bar (“stop cue”)
moves up or down. When the ‘stop cue’ is horizontally aligned with the specific aircraft type, the aircraft is
at the correct stopping point.

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 22 FEB 19 INTRODUCTION 181
VISUAL DOCKING GUIDANCE SYSTEMS (VDGS) q$i

1454314466737

Honeywell Advanced Visual Docking

Guidance System

The docking system is based on a video system. The following sequence of events identifies how a pilot
would use this system to dock an aircraft at this gate.

Gate ready for docking:

Aircraft type and gate number are alternated in a
flashing sequence across the top of display board.

1454314466737

Aircraft detected:
When the aircraft is detected, only the aircraft type
is displayed steady across the top of the display. At
this point, distance to gate will be measured in such
increments:
– 30m to 20m - 5m steps;
– 20m to 10m - 2m steps;
1454314466737
– 10m to 1m - 1m steps;
– 1m to stop - 0.2m steps.
Aircraft is right of centerline:
Correction left is required.

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 182 INTRODUCTION 22 FEB 19

VISUAL DOCKING GUIDANCE SYSTEMS (VDGS) q$i

Aircraft is left of centerline:

Correction right is required.

1454314466737

Aircraft is on centerline:
10m to final stop position.
CAUTION: Approach slowly to final stop position.

1454314466737

Aircraft is on centerline:
0.4m to final stop position, prepare to stop the aircraft.

1454314466737

STOP:
Stop now, docking point reached.
ONBLOCK STOP:
Docking procedure finished completely.

1454314466737

OK:
Docking point reached. Successful docking.

1454314466737

STOP TOO FAR:

Aircraft has gone beyond docking position.

1454314466737

ESTOP (emergency stop):

Stop aircraft immediately, wait for docking instructions
from Apron Control to resume docking procedure.

1454314466737

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 22 FEB 19 INTRODUCTION 183
VISUAL DOCKING GUIDANCE SYSTEMS (VDGS) q$i

INOGON Airpark Stop and Centerline System

The INOGON Airpark Stop and Centerline Systems are based on the same technology used for the centerline
guidance in the APIS and APS. The beacon observed by the pilot indicates, in the form of arrows, the
direction in which he should steer and when the correct STOP position is reached.

1454314466737

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 184 INTRODUCTION 22 FEB 19

VISUAL DOCKING GUIDANCE SYSTEMS (VDGS) q$i

Nose-in Guidance System Australia (NIG)

The system includes the following elements:

a. Position Identification Light;
b. Aerobridge Retracted Indicator;
c. Centerline Guidance Light unit;
d. One or more Side Marker Light units.
The following is a brief description of the system:
a. The Position Identification Light indicates the number of the docking position and is white numerals on a
dark background (illuminated at night).
b. The Aerobridge Retracted Indicator consists of two lights. The green light indicates the Aerobridge is in
the fully retracted position. The red light indicates that the Aerobridge is not fully retracted or that an
element of the visual guidance docking system is unserviceable.
c. The Centreline Guidance Light provides azimuth information and is aligned with the left pilot position.
The unit emits RED/ GREEN light beams and the signals are interpreted as shown below.

1549451243313

d. One or more Side Marker Light units – with relevant aircraft types marked on the unit – indicate the
stopping position as described below:
1. Approaching the position, a preliminary dull GREEN light will show through the arrow-shaped
aperture which also exhibits a cross bar.
2. As the aircraft moves forward, the intensity of the green light increases until it becomes a bright
arrow-head.
3. As the aircraft continues, the arrow-head starts to reduce in size.
4. When the arrow-head disappears, two white bars appear, one above the other, indicating the
stopping position. In some installations, two sets of bars will appear.
5. If the stopping position is passed, then a single RED bar appears.

1549451243313

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 12 APR 19 INTRODUCTION 185
VISUAL DOCKING GUIDANCE SYSTEMS (VDGS) q$i

RLG Automated Docking System

The RLG Automated Guide-in Docking System consists of a display and a set of sensors installed in the
apron surface. The system is aligned with the left pilot's seat only.
The system is ready for use when:
a. the aircraft type is shown on the digital display:
b. the pair of green lights is switched on;
c. the green vertical light bar is switched on.
The pilot should be aware that the correct type of aircraft is displayed before using the system.
The centerline guidance is provided by means of 3 vertical bars:
– Visibility of the green bar only means that the aircraft is on the centerline.
– Visibility of the green and the left red bar means that the aircraft is left of the centerline; turn right.
– Visibility of the green and the right red bar means that the aircraft is right of the centerline; turn left.
The guidance of the aircraft to the stop point is performed on the basis of 3 pairs of lights. When the yellow
lights become active the taxi speed of the aircraft should immediately be reduced to the minimum taxi
speed. The braking action should be commenced immediately after the red lights become active.

Azimuth Guidance

1447148249703

Stopping Guidance

1447148249703

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 186 INTRODUCTION 12 APR 19

VISUAL DOCKING GUIDANCE SYSTEMS (VDGS) q$i

1447148249703

RLG GIS206-2 Automated Guide-in System

The RLG GIS206-2 laser guided docking system utilizes 2-axis laser scanning technique to track both the
lateral and longitudinal positions of the incoming aircraft. This 3-D approach allows the system to identify
the incoming aircraft and check it against the one selected by the operator. If the incoming aircraft fails to
match the expected aircraft, an NO ID indication is immediately issued to both the pilot and the copilot.
Aircraft type, continuous closing distance, and azimuth guidance, etc., are presented on a single console
clearly visible to both the pilot and copilot, simultaneously.
The system is operated only in the automatic mode. When the system fails, the aircraft must then be
marshalled into the stand manually.

1447148249703

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 12 APR 19 INTRODUCTION 187
VISUAL DOCKING GUIDANCE SYSTEMS (VDGS) q$i

Green light bar illuminates, the aircraft is on

centerline. Keep straight ahead.

1447148249703

If red light bar appears on the left side of the green

light bar, the aircraft is off centerline to left. It should
be moved rightwards.

1447148249703

If red light bar appears on the right side of the green

light bar, the aircraft is off centerline to right. It should
be moved leftwards.

1447148249703

Safety measures:
Pilot must stop the aircraft immediately if he or she sees that:
– the docking system is not activated;
– NO ID is displayed;
– the word STOP is displayed.
When using the automated docking system, the pilot must taxi into the aircraft stand at minimum speed.
The system will display SLOW if the aircraft taxi speed is too fast for reliable detection. To avoid overshoot,
the pilot is advised to approach the stop position slowly and observe the closing rate information displayed.
Closing information is displayed both as digital readout and in the form of progress meter. Pilot should stop
the aircraft immediately when seeing the STOP indication or when signaled by the marshaller. The system
will indicate any overshoot by displaying 2FAR.

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 188 INTRODUCTION 12 APR 19

VISUAL DOCKING GUIDANCE SYSTEMS (VDGS) q$i

SAFEDOCK Advanced Visual Docking

Guidance System (A-VDGS)

System Overview:
The Safedock Advanced Visual Docking Guidance System (A-VDGS) is designed to provide active
guidance to both pilots - using alphanumeric, azimuth and closing rate indicators - to support safe, efficient
and precise aircraft parking at the gate during all operating conditions. Safedock uses an eye-safe infrared
laser and 3D scanning technique to detect the aircraft and measure nose, engine and wing positions to
verify aircraft type and safely guide the aircraft to the correct stop position.

1553755545580

Pilot Responsibilities:
When parking with guidance from the Safedock A-VDGS, pilots are asked to adhere to the following
safety procedures:
– never enter the gate area unless the correct aircraft type and running arrows are displayed on the
pilot display;
– never enter the gate area unless you can see that the safety zone is clear and it is safe to enter;
– never move the nose of the aircraft past the jet bridge unless the A-VDGS is displaying the guidance
screen with centerline indicator;
– always stop the aircraft when the A-VDGS displays a WAIT or STOP message.
The Automated Docking Process:
A-VDGS capture, tracking & guidance:
When the A-VDGS captures the incoming aircraft the guidance screen appears:
– vertical yellow bar represents the centerline and provides closing rate to stop position;
– floating yellow arrow indicates position of the aircraft relative to centerline;
– red flashing arrow indicates the direction the pilot should steer to center on centerline;
– the absence of a red direction arrow indicates the aircraft is on the centerline;
– a digital countdown is provided for the last 30 meters.

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 12 APR 19 INTRODUCTION 189
VISUAL DOCKING GUIDANCE SYSTEMS (VDGS) q$i

SLOW:
If the aircraft is approaching faster than the accepted
speed (> 4 knots), the system will show a SLOW message
requiring pilots to adjust their speed. When the A-VDGS
is in low visibility mode during heavy fog, rain or snow,
the SLOW message is displayed requiring pilots to adjust
their speed.
If the aircraft approaches with a speed higher than the
A-VDGS can handle, a STOP message is displayed. The
pilot must stop until the A-VDGS is restarted or manual
guidance is provided.
When the aircraft reaches the stop position, the A-VDGS
indicates STOP. (There may be variations in the STOP
position until pilots are acclimated.)
An OK message indicates the docking is complete.
If the aircraft over shoots the stop position by more than
one meter a TOO FAR message is displayed. A TOO FAR
message may require the aircraft to be moved back.
Ground staff chock aircraft wheels and the A-VDGS
displays CHOCK ON message. After receiving the CHOCK
ON message, this is the indication to crews they can
release their brakes.
NOTE: After the main gear have been chocked, the ramp
agent will provide the “chocks inserted” hand signal as
a backup.
APRON BLOCK:
An APRON BLOCK occurs if the A-VDGS detects an
obstacle blocking its view of the aircraft.
– The pilot is halted with a WAIT APRON BLOCK
message.
– When the obstacle is removed the docking will restart
on its own.
– The pilot should not proceed past the bridge until the
guidance screen is displayed.
BR IN:
A BR IN message occurs when the boarding bridge is
inside the safety zone.
– The pilot is halted with a WAIT BR IN message.
– When the bridge is moved to its parked position the
docking will restart on its own.
– The pilot should not proceed until the guidance screen
is displayed.
ID FAIL:
An ID FAIL occurs when the A-VDGS cannot confirm
verification of the aircraft type.
– If verification is not made 12 meters before the stop
position, the A-VDGS will display WAIT and make a
second attempt at verification.
– If this fails, the STOP ID FAIL message will display.
– Pilots will require manual guidance to the gate.

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Safety procedures:
a. General warning.
The SAFEDOCK DGS has a built-in error detection program to inform the aircraft pilot of impending
dangers during the docking procedure. If the pilot is unsure of the information, being shown on the DGS
display unit, he/she must immediately stop the aircraft and obtain further information for clearance.
b. Item to check before entering the stand area.
WARNING: The pilot shall not enter the stand area, unless the docking system first is showing the
vertical running arrows. The pilot must not proceed beyond the bridge, unless these arrows have been
superseded by the closing rate bar.
The pilot shall not enter the stand area, unless the aircraft type displayed is equal to the approaching
aircraft. The correctness of other information, such as DOOR 2, shall also be checked.
c. The SBU message.
The message STOP SBU means that docking has been interrupted and has to be resumed only by
manual guidance. Do not try to resume docking without manual guidance.

Safedock Procedures
Start-of-docking:
When the system is started, “WAIT” will be displayed.

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Capture:
The floating arrows indicate that the system is
activated and in capture mode, searching for an
approaching aircraft.
It shall be checked that the correct aircraft type is
displayed. The LEAD-IN line shall be followed.
The pilot must not proceed beyond the bridge, unless
the arrows have been superseded by closing rate
bar.
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Tracking:
When the aircraft has been caught by the laser, the
floating arrow is replaced by the yellow centerline
indicator.
A flashing red and/or yellow arrow indicates the
direction to turn for azimuth guidance.
The vertical yellow arrow shows the position in
relation to the centerline. This indicator gives correct
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position and azimuth guidance.
Closing rate:
Display of digital countdown from a specific distance
to the stop-position.
A yellow vertical closing rate bar/centerline indicator
appears, optionally with a digital countdown
indication, depending on the configuration.
When the aircraft is less than 39ft (12m) from the
stop position, the closing rate is indicated by turning
off one row of the centerline symbol per 2ft (0.5m),
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covered by the aircraft. Thus, when the last row is

turned off, 2ft (0.5m) remains from stop.

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Safedock Procedures (continued)

Aligned to center:
The aircraft is at the displayed distance to the
stop position. The absence of any direction arrow
indicates an aircraft on the centerline.

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Slow down:
If the aircraft is approaching faster than the accepted
speed, the system will show “SLOW DOWN” as a
warning to the pilot.

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Azimuth Guidance:
The aircraft is at the displayed distance from the
stop-position. The yellow arrow indicates an aircraft
to the right of the centerline, and the red flashing
arrow indicates the direction to turn.

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Stop Position Reached:

When the correct stop-position is reached, the
display will show “STOP” and red lights will be lit.

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Docking Completed:
When the aircraft has parked, “OK” will be displayed.

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Overshoot:
If the aircraft has overshot the stop-position, “TOO
FAR” will be displayed.

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Safedock Procedures (continued)

Wait:
If some object is blocking the view toward the
approaching aircraft or the detected aircraft is lost
during docking close to STOP, the display will show
“WAIT”.
The docking will continue as soon as the blocking
object has disappeared or the system detects the
aircraft again.
The pilot must not proceed beyond the bridge, unless
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the “WAIT” message has been superseded by the

closing rate bar.
Slow:
The display will show “SLOW” when the docking
system lose the aircraft very near the stop-position or
visibility for docking system is reduced.
The pilot must not proceed beyond the bridge, unless
the closing-rate bar is shown.

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Aircraft Verification Failure:

During entry into the stand, the aircraft geometry is
being checked. If, for any reason, aircraft verification
is not made 12 meters before the stop-position, the
display will first show “WAIT” and make a second
verification check. If this fails “STOP” and “ID FAIL”
will be displayed. The text will be alternating on the
upper two rows of the display.
The pilot must not proceed beyond the bridge without
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manual guidance, unless the “WAIT” message has
been superseded by the closing rate bar.

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Gate Blocked:
If an object is found blocking the view from the
docking system to the planned stop position for the
aircraft, the docking procedure will be halted with a
“WAIT” and “GATE BLOCK” message. The docking
procedure will resume as soon as the blocking object
has been removed.
The pilot must not proceed beyond the bridge without
manual guidance, unless the “WAIT” message has
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been superseded by the closing rate bar.

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Safedock Procedures (continued)

View Blocked:
If the view towards the approaching aircraft is
hindered, for instance by dirt on the laser-window, the
docking system will report a View blocked condition.
Once the system is able to see the aircraft through
the hinder, the message will be replaced with a
closing rate display
The pilot must not proceed beyond the bridge without
manual guidance, unless the “WAIT” message has
1549451243313 been superseded by the closing rate bar.

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SBU-Stop:
Any unrecoverable error during the docking
procedure will generate an “SBU (safety back-up)”
condition. The display will show red stop bar and the
text “STOP”, ”SBU”.
A manual backup procedure must be used for
docking guidance.

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Too Fast:
If the aircraft approaches with a speed higher
than the docking system can handle, the message
“STOP (with red squares)” and “TOO FAST” will be
displayed.
The docking system must be re-started or the
docking procedure completed by manual guidance.

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Emergency Stop:
When the Emergency “Stop” button is pressed,
“STOP” is displayed.

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VISUAL DOCKING GUIDANCE SYSTEMS (VDGS) q$i

Safedock Procedures (continued)

Chocks On:
“CHOCK ON” will be displayed, when the ground
staff has put the chocks in front of the nose wheel
and pressed the “Chocks On” button on the Operator
Panel.

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Error:
If a system error occurs, the message “ERROR” is
displayed with an error code. The code is used for
maintenance purposes.

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System Breakdown:
In case of a severe system failure, the display
will go black, except for a red stop indicator. A
manual backup procedure must be used for docking
guidance.

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Power Failure:
In case of a power failure, the display will be
completely black. A manual backup procedure must
be used for docking guidance.

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1456143839167

SAFEGATE Docking System

The SAFEGATE docking display is aligned for interpretation from the left pilot's seat only and provides
centerline and stop guidance.

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VISUAL DOCKING GUIDANCE SYSTEMS (VDGS) q$i

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Docking maneuver:
a. Line-up to center aircraft symbol with green reference bar.
b. Check aircraft type displayed (flashing).
c. Check green bottom lights (flashing). When nosegear passes over first sensor, aircraft type display
and green bottom lights will both change from flashing to steady.
d. Green closing rate lights will move upwards in relation to actual aircraft speed.
e. At 1m before the stop position, yellow lights will illuminate.
f. Reaching the stop position, all 4 red lights will illuminate concurrent with the displayed command STOP.
If correctly positioned, OK will be displayed.
g. Beyond 1m of the nominal stop position, a warning will be displayed TOO FAR (flashing).
h. Emergency stop: All 4 red stop position lights and STOP will flash.

SYSTEMS PROVIDING CENTERLINE

GUIDANCE ONLY
Azimuth Guidance for Noise-in Stands (AGNIS)

AGNIS provides stand centerline alignment guidance and is normally used in conjunction with marker
boards, lines or mirrors, which provide stopping guidance separately. The AGNIS indicator is mounted at
pilot eye level beneath the stand number and is aligned for interpretation from the left pilot's seat only.
The unit displays 2 closely spaced vertical light bars in red and/or green light in such a manner that the
pilot sees either:

Green = aircraft on centerline

Red/green = aircraft to the left of centerline
Green/red = aircraft to the right of centerline

NOTE: Always turn towards the green.

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CAUTION: The AGNIS guidance unit does NOT provide a stopping signal. The type of stopping
guidance used in conjunction with AGNIS will be indicated (e.g. Parallax Aircraft Parking Aid
[PAPA]) above or adjacent to the AGNIS.
In some cases a black base board is attached to the face of the pier under the AGNIS. In case of
system unserviceability, a STOP SHORT sign is displayed to the aircraft immediately. Use caution and
follow marshaller's signals as appropriate.
AGNIS may be supported by one of the following aids:
– PAPA;
– Mirror.

SYSTEMS PROVIDING STOP

GUIDANCE ONLY
Mirror System

The Mirror System consists of a mirror mounted to the left of the stand centerline and facing the
approaching aircraft. The mirror is angled so that the pilot in the left hand seat can see the reflection of
the aircraft nose wheel during the last few meters of the parking maneuver. The correct stopping position
is indicated by aircraft type designators painted in mirror image on the apron surface. As the aircraft
approaches, the pilot is able to see in the mirror a reflection of the aircraft nose wheel and an appropriate
designator where the aircraft should be stopped. A yellow javelin headed arrow may be used as the
designator, with the aircraft type given.

Parallax Aircraft Parking Aid (PAPA)

The system is designated for use from the left pilots position. This aid is normally positioned to the right
side of the stand centerline and indicates the correct forward stopping position by employing a black
board marked with white vertical lines bearing aircraft type identification labels and in which a horizontal
slot has been cut.
A short distance behind the slot is a vertically mounted white fluorescent light tube.
The accuracy of this system depends on the accuracy of the of stand centerline.
Aircraft type line indicates the stop point. An alternative layout is illustrated also, where the board is not
provided with a slot and the tube is mounted in front of it. The method of use is identical.

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VISUAL DOCKING GUIDANCE SYSTEMS (VDGS) q$i

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WARNING:
Under certain daylight conditions difficulty may be experienced in observing the fluorescent tube through
the slot.

Side Marker Board (SMB)

The SMB consists of a white base board on the pier side of the air jetty and vertical slats mounted on
the face of the base board. It stands parallel to the stand centerline flush with the head of the air jetty
in its retracted position.
The edge of each slat is black, the side facing the taxiway is green, and the side facing the pier is red.
Each slat has a name tab(s) attached at appropriate pilot eye level to indicate the aircraft type(s) to which
the slat applies. As the pilot enters the stand, the slat bearing tab appropriate to his aircraft type presents
the green side. As the pilot approaches, the green side will appear to become narrower, and when the
correct stop position is reached, pilot will see the black edge only. If the correct stop position is passed, the
red side of the slat will come into view. It is advisable to approach the stopping position slowly.
The DC9 aircraft, which stops with the pilot's position abeam the air jetty head will not be served by the
SMB. In this case the correct stopping position for this aircraft will consist of a mark on the air jetty itself.

One Slot Example

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NOTE: When SMB is unserviceable, aircraft must be marshalled.

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