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Technical Specification

Transport and Main Roads Specifications

MRTS32 High Modulus Asphalt (EME2)
March 2022
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© The State of Queensland (Department of Transport and Main Roads) 2022.
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Licence

This work is licensed by the State of Queensland (Department of Transport and Main Roads) under
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a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) 4.0 International licence.

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CC BY licence summary statement

In essence, you are free to copy, communicate and adapt this work, as long as you attribute the
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work to the State of Queensland (Department of Transport and Main Roads). To view a copy of this
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Transport and Main Roads Specifications, March 2022

Contents

1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Performance requirements ............................................................................................................. 1
2 Definitions ......................................................................................................................................1
3 Referenced documents .................................................................................................................1
4 Standard test methods ..................................................................................................................3
5 Quality system requirements .......................................................................................................4
5.1 Asphalt Quality Plan ....................................................................................................................... 4
5.2 Conformance requirements ............................................................................................................ 4
5.3 Compliance testing ......................................................................................................................... 4
5.3.1 General ...........................................................................................................................4
5.3.2 Asphalt compliance testing .............................................................................................4
5.3.3 Constituent material (excluding binder) compliance testing ...........................................7
5.3.4 Binder compliance testing ..............................................................................................8

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6 Asphalt contractor prequalification .............................................................................................9
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7.1
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Supply of asphalt ...........................................................................................................................9
Materials for asphalt ....................................................................................................................... 9
7.1.1 General ...........................................................................................................................9
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7.1.2 Coarse aggregate ...........................................................................................................9
7.1.3 Fine aggregate ............................................................................................................ 10
7.1.4 Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) material ............................................................. 10
7.1.5 Filler ............................................................................................................................. 10
7.1.6 Binder .......................................................................................................................... 11
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7.1.7 Additives ...................................................................................................................... 12

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7.2 Requirements for asphalt .............................................................................................................. 12

7.2.1 Mix design requirements ............................................................................................. 12
7.2.2 Particle size distribution of combined aggregate and filler .......................................... 13
7.2.3 Richness modulus ....................................................................................................... 14
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7.2.4 Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) material ............................................................. 14

7.3 Nominated mixes .......................................................................................................................... 14
7.3.1 Nominated mix design ................................................................................................. 14
7.3.2 Asphalt mix design registration ................................................................................... 14
7.3.3 Nomination of registered mix designs ......................................................................... 15
7.4 Production of asphalt .................................................................................................................... 15
8 Placing of asphalt ....................................................................................................................... 16
8.1 Method of placement .................................................................................................................... 16
8.2 Course and layer thickness .......................................................................................................... 16
8.3 Pavement temperature and weather conditions ........................................................................... 16
8.4 Placement trial .............................................................................................................................. 16
8.5 Surface gritting .............................................................................................................................. 16
9 Finished pavement properties................................................................................................... 17
9.1 Requirements for insitu air voids .................................................................................................. 17
9.2 Vertical tolerance .......................................................................................................................... 18
9.2.1 General ........................................................................................................................ 18

Transport and Main Roads Specifications, March 2022 i

 9.2.2 Level control ................................................................................................................ 18
9.2.3 Thickness control......................................................................................................... 18
10 Asphalt contractor performance ............................................................................................... 18
11 Supplementary requirements .................................................................................................... 18

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Transport and Main Roads Specifications, March 2022 ii

Technical Specification, MRTS32 High Modulus Asphalt (EME2)

1 Introduction
1.1 Overview

This Technical Specification sets out the requirements for high modulus asphalt EME Class 2 with a
nominal aggregate size of 14 mm, abbreviated as EME2.

EME2 asphalt shall be constructed in accordance with the general requirements for dense graded
asphalt specified in MRTS30 Asphalt Pavements and Annexure MRTS30.1, unless those
requirements are specifically excluded or amended by this Technical Specification.

Where dense graded asphalt requirements are specified in MRTS30 Asphalt Pavements for a specific
mix type (for example AC14M, AC20H, medium duty or heavy duty), these requirements do not apply
to EME2 asphalt unless specifically stated otherwise.

This Technical Specification shall be read in conjunction with MRTS01 Introduction to Technical
Specifications, MRTS50 Specific Quality System Requirements and other Technical Specifications as
appropriate.

This Technical Specification forms part of the Transport and Main Roads Specifications Manual.

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EME2 is a high performance asphalt intended for use in heavy duty pavements. It is particularly
suitable in the following situations:

a) pavements carrying large volumes of heavy vehicles, and

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b) heavily trafficked areas, such as slow lanes, climbing lanes, and bus lanes, where there is
a need for increased resistance to permanent deformation.
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EME2 is predominantly used for structural asphalt layers, i.e. base layers; and is not intended for
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use as a permanent wearing course.

1.2 Performance requirements

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The performance requirements stated in Clause 1.2 of MRTS30 Asphalt Pavements shall apply to this
Technical Specification.

2 Definitions
The terms used in this Technical Specification shall be as defined in Clause 2 of MRTS30 Asphalt
Pavements.

3 Referenced documents
Table 3 lists documents referenced in this Technical Specification.

Table 3 – Referenced documents

Reference Title
AGPT/T111 Handling viscosity of polymer modified binders (Brookfield thermosel)
AGPT/T191 Extractions of bituminous binder from asphalt
AGPT/T231 Deformation resistance of asphalt mixtures by the wheel tracking test

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Technical Specification, MRTS32 High Modulus Asphalt (EME2)

Reference Title
AGPT/T232 Stripping potential of asphalt – Tensile strength ratio
AGPT/T274 Characterisation of flexural stiffness and fatigue performance of
bituminous mixes
AP-T219 Mastic performance assessment in stone mastic asphalt
AS 2341.12 Methods of testing bitumen and related roadmaking products –
Determination of penetration
AS 2341.18 Methods of testing bitumen and related roadmaking products –
Determination of softening point (ring and ball method)
AS 2341.3 Methods of testing bitumen and related roadmaking products –
Determination of kinematic viscosity by flow through a capillary tube
AS/NZS 2341.10 Methods of testing bitumen and related roadmaking products –
Determination of the effect of heat and air on a moving film of bitumen
(rolling thin film oven (RTFO) test)
AS/NZS 2341.2 Methods of testing bitumen and related roadmaking products –
Determination of dynamic viscosity by vacuum capillary viscometer

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AS/NZS 2341.4 Methods of testing bitumen and related roadmaking products –
Determination of dynamic viscosity by rotational viscometer
AS/NZS 2341.8

AS/NZS 2891.2.2
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Methods of testing bitumen and related roadmaking products –
Determination of matter insoluble in toluene
Methods of sampling and testing asphalt – Sample preparation –
Compaction of asphalt test specimens using a gyratory compactor
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AS/NZS 2891.8 Methods of sampling and testing asphalt – Voids and volumetric
properties of compacted asphalt mixes
AS/NZS 2891.9.2 Methods of sampling and testing asphalt – Determination of bulk density
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of compacted asphalt - Presaturation method

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AS/NZS 2891.9.3 Methods of sampling and testing asphalt – Determination of bulk density
of compacted asphalt - Mensuration method
ASTM D5/D5M Standard Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Materials
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EN 12594 Bitumen and bituminous binders – Preparation of test samples

EN 13179–1 Tests for filler aggregate used in bituminous mixtures – Part 1: Delta ring
and ball test
EN 13924 Bitumen and bituminous binders – Specifications for hard paving grade
bitumens
MRTS01 Introduction to Technical Specifications
MRTS17 Bitumen and Multigrade Bitumen
MRTS30 Asphalt Pavements
MRTS50 Specific Quality System Requirements
MRTS101 Aggregates for Asphalt
MRTS102 Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Material
MRTS103 Fillers for Asphalt
TN148 Asphalt Mix Design Registration

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Technical Specification, MRTS32 High Modulus Asphalt (EME2)

Reference Title
TN190 Construction and Trafficking of High Modulus Asphalt

4 Standard test methods

In addition to the test methods listed in Clause 4 of MRTS30 Asphalt Pavements, the standard test
methods given in Table 4 shall apply to this Technical Specification.

Table 4 – Standard test methods

Property to be Tested Method No.

Aggregate and Filler
Particle density of the combined mineral aggregates AS/NZS 2891.8 or Q317
Filler
Delta ring and ball 1 EN 13179–1 2,3 and AS 2341.18
Binder
Penetration at 25ºC ASTM D5/D5M or AS 2341.12

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Softening point AS 2341.18
Viscosity at 60ºC
Mass change
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AS/NZS 2341.10
Retained penetration at 25ºC after RTFO treatment AS/NZS 2341.10 and AS 2341.12
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Increase in softening point after RTFO treatment AS/NZS 2341.10 and AS 2341.18
Viscosity at 135ºC AS/NZS 2341.2, AS 2341.3,
AS/NZS 2341.4
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Matter insoluble in toluene AS/NZS 2341.8

Viscosity at 60ºC after RTFO AS/NZS 2341.10 and AS/NZS
2341.2 4
Percentage increase in viscosity at 60ºC after RTFO test AS/NZS 2341.10 and AS/NZS
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2341.2
Preparation of test samples EN 12594 3
Asphalt
Wheel tracking AGPT/T231
Fatigue resistance AGPT/T274
Flexural stiffness AGPT/T274
Water sensitivity AGPT/T232
Air voids in specimens compacted by gyratory compactor AS/NZS 2891.2.2 5
1. This test assesses the stiffening effect of the filler on the binder–filler mastic using the softening point test.
C170 bitumen is used as the binder in this test.
2. More details on sample preparation are provided in AP-T219.
3. This testing is exempt from the requirement for NATA accreditation or Construction Materials Testing (CMT)
registration.
4. Test shall be performed using an Asphalt Institute viscosity tube.
5. Modified test parameters are used. Refer Table 7.2.1 for details.

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Technical Specification, MRTS32 High Modulus Asphalt (EME2)

5 Quality system requirements

The quality system requirements stated in Clause 5 of MRTS30 Asphalt Pavements shall apply to this
Technical Specification, except as varied through this clause.

5.1 Asphalt Quality Plan

For works incorporating EME2, the Contractor must develop an Asphalt Quality Plan (AQP) in
accordance with the requirements of Clause 5.2 of MRTS30 Asphalt Pavements. The specific use of
EME2 in accordance with the requirements of this Technical Specification shall be reflected in the
AQP.

5.2 Conformance requirements

The conformance requirements which apply to asphalt lots covered by this Technical Specification are
summarised in Clause 7.1 of MRTS30 Asphalt Pavements and Clauses 7.2 and 9 of this Technical
Specification.

The Contractor shall verify conformance with the requirements of this Technical Specification by
sampling, testing, and providing records of process control.

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5.3 Compliance testing
5.3.1 General de
Compliance testing shall be carried out in accordance with Clauses 5.4.2 and 5.4.3 of
MRTS30 Asphalt Pavements and Clauses 5.3.2 to 5.3.4 of this Technical Specification.
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5.3.2 Asphalt compliance testing

Compliance testing shall be carried out for each lot.

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The Contractor is responsible for performing sufficient tests to ensure that the asphalt complies with
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this Technical Specification and the requirements of the Contract.

However, the Contractor’s testing program shall be such that the testing frequencies and number of
tests are not less than those specified in Tables 5.3.2(a), 5.3.2(b), 5.3.2(c) and 5.3.2(d).
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Table 5.3.2(a) – Minimum frequency for sampling and testing asphalt

Quantity of Asphalt Supplied

Minimum Testing Frequency Minimum Number of Tests
in each Shift (tonnes)
≤ 10 01
11 - 100 - 1
101 - 500 - 22
501 - 1000 1 per 250 tonnes 3
1001 - 2100 1 per 350 tonnes 5
> 2100 1 per 500 tonnes 6
1. Unless otherwise ordered by the Administrator, testing is not required.
2. The first sample shall be taken from within the first 40% of asphalt produced and the second sample from
within the last 40% of asphalt produced for the lot.

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Technical Specification, MRTS32 High Modulus Asphalt (EME2)

Table 5.3.2(b) – Asphalt production

Test Method / Minimum Testing

Clause Property
Procedure Frequency
7.1.5 Filler in asphalt - voids in dry AS/NZS 1141.17 Monthly for each mix
compacted filler (combined design
filler)
7.1.5 Filler in asphalt - Delta ring EN 13179–1 2,3 and Monthly for each mix
and ball 1 (combined filler) AS 2341.18 design
7.1.5 Filler in asphalt - Methylene AS 1141.66 Monthly for each mix
blue value for the combined design that contains
filler (excluding hydrated material which has a
lime) methylene blue value
> 10 mg/g and
≤ 18 mg/g. Three
monthly for each mix
design that contains
material which has a
methylene blue value
≤ 10 mg/g

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7.1.5 Filler in asphalt – Methylene AS 1141.66 Monthly for each mix

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blue value for the combined design that contains
material which has a
methylene blue value
for the combined filler
(excluding hydrated
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lime) > 10 mg/g
7.2.2 and Combined particle size Q308A or AS/NZS As per Table 5.3.2(a)
MRTS30 distribution 2891.3.1, AGPT/T234
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Clause [Link] or Q308D

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MRTS30 Binder content (by mass) Q308A, As per Table 5.3.2(a)

Clause [Link] AS/NZS 2891.3.1,
AGPT/T234 or Q308D
MRTS30 Maximum density Q307A or As per Table 5.3.2(a)
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Clause [Link] AS/NZS 2891.7.1

7.4 and Production temperature of The Contractor’s Frequency to be
MRTS30 asphalt documented nominated in the
Clause 7.4.6 procedure Contractor’s ITP
7.4 and Dispatch temperature of The Contractor’s Each delivered load
MRTS30 asphalt documented
Clause 7.4.6 procedure
1. This test assesses the stiffening effect of the filler on the binder-filler mastic using the softening point test.
2. More details on sample preparation are provided in AP-T219.
3. This testing is exempt from the requirement for NATA accreditation or Construction Materials Testing (CMT)
registration.

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Technical Specification, MRTS32 High Modulus Asphalt (EME2)

Table 5.3.2(c) – Asphalt placement

Test Method / Minimum Testing

Clause Property
Procedures Frequency
8.3 Pavement surface The Contractor’s One measurement
temperature documented procedure every two hours
MRTS30 Temperature of asphalt at The Contractor’s Each delivered load
Clause 8.8 initial compaction documented procedure
MRTS30 Tack coat application rate The Contractor’s Each lot
Clause 8.9 documented procedure
MRTS30 Homogeneity Visual assessment Each lot
Clause 9.1

Table 5.3.2(d) – Finished pavement

Minimum Minimum
Clause Property Test Method Lot Size Number of Testing
Tests Frequency
9.1 Insitu air voids a) AS/NZS 2891.1.2 ≤ 50 m² 0 1 per layer N/A

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(mat) b) AS/NZS 2891.9.2, 51 – 500 m² 3 per layer N/A
(EME2)
Q306E de
Q306B, Q306C or

c) Q307A or
AS/NZS 2891.7.1
501 – 1000 m²
1001 –
5000 m²
4 per layer
5 per layer
N/A
1 per 500 m²
per layer
and
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> 5000 m² 10 per layer 1 per 1000 m²
d) Q311 or per layer
AS/NZS 2891.8
9.2.1 Vertical levels Survey For each course – one test per 20 lineal
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(where level metres at shoulder edge, lane lines and

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control is other changes in grade (where applicable)

specified)
9.2.2 Layer MRTS30 One calculation per lot where thickness
thickness Clause [Link] (a) control is specified
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(average)
(where
thickness
control is
specified)
Layer MRTS30 a) coring: as specified for insitu air voids, or
thickness Clause [Link] (b) b) measured dips: for each layer - three
(individual points on cross section per
locations) 20 lineal metres
(where
Application:
thickness
control is • layers where thickness control is specified
specified) and the layer is placed over one or more
layers placed by the Contractor
MRTS30 Horizontal Contractor’s For each layer – one test per
Clause position documented 20 lineal metres at shoulder edge, lane lines
9.4.3 procedure and other changes in grade (where
applicable)

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Technical Specification, MRTS32 High Modulus Asphalt (EME2)

Minimum Minimum
Clause Property Test Method Lot Size Number of Testing
Tests Frequency
MRTS30 Surface shape Q712 3 a) within lane: one per 20 metres along each
Clause (completed paver run, unless otherwise approved by
9.5 course level) the Administrator 2. Measurements shall
be taken in both the transverse and
longitudinal directions.
b) longitudinal joint: one per
20 lineal metres along each joint, unless
otherwise approved by the Administrator 2.
c) transverse joint: one measurement per
joint in each wheel path in each lane.
For all joints located within the works, place
the straightedge on the road surface
perpendicular to the joint. With the end of the
straightedge directly over the joint, gradually
move the straightedge across the joint for its
full length and identify the point on the road
surface that produces the largest deviation

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under the straightedge (between two points
of contact). Record the deviation at this
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For all joints that tie the new works to
existing pavement (not constructed under the
Contract), place the straightedge on the road
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surface perpendicular to the joint. With the
end of the straightedge directly over the joint
and the other end located within the works,
record the largest deviation under the
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straightedge (between two points of contact).

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1. Unless otherwise ordered by the Administrator, testing is not required.

2. The Administrator may approve the adoption of a reduced testing frequency of 1 per 50 m in ‘mid-block’
applications (i.e. areas of asphalt not located in the vicinity of intersections, roundabouts, steep grades
and/or sharp curves).
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3. This testing is exempt from the requirement for NATA accreditation or Construction Materials Testing (CMT)
registration.

Where a minimum frequency of testing has not been specified, the Contractor shall nominate an
appropriate testing frequency in accordance with Clause 8.5 of MRTS50 Specific Quality System
Requirements.

5.3.3 Constituent material (excluding binder) compliance testing

Minimum testing frequencies for constituent materials excluding the EME2 binder are nominated in the
relevant constituent material specifications:

• MRTS101 Aggregates for Asphalt,

• MRTS102 Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Material and

• MRTS103 Fillers for Asphalt.

In addition, the minimum testing frequencies listed in Table 5.3.3 shall apply to reclaimed asphalt
pavement (RAP) material.

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Technical Specification, MRTS32 High Modulus Asphalt (EME2)

Table 5.3.3 – Additional RAP material compliance testing requirements

Test Method / Minimum Testing

Clause Property
Procedure Frequency
7.1.4 Binder extracted from the AGPT/T191 and 1 per 1000 tonnes of
RAP - Penetration at 25°C ASTM D5/D5M or RAP material
AS 2341.12 (Normal and Reduced
Testing Level)
7.1.4 Binder extracted from the AGPT/T191 and 1 per 1000 tonnes of
RAP - Softening point AS 2341.18 RAP material
(Normal and Reduced
Testing Level)

5.3.4 Binder compliance testing

For conformance testing of the EME2 binder, samples shall be prepared in accordance with test
method EN 12594. This testing is exempt from the requirement for NATA accreditation or Construction
Materials Testing (CMT) registration.

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Binder sampling and testing shall be undertaken in accordance with the requirements of
Clause [Link] and [Link] as a minimum.

[Link]
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Sampling and testing at the point of release from the manufacture:

Binder sampling and testing at the point of release from the manufacturer shall be undertaken by the
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manufacturer on the basis of a batch.

A batch shall be defined as the quantity of binder stored in a single tank by the manufacturer at any
particular time. The binder in the storage tank shall be considered a new batch when either:
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a) new binder is added to the storage tank, or

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b) binder has been stored in the tank for a period of 14 days without the addition of new binder to
the storage tank.
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The minimum frequency of sampling and testing performed by the manufacturer shall be in
accordance with the requirements of Table [Link].

Table [Link] – Minimum binder sampling and testing frequencies at point of release from the
manufacturer

Sampling and Testing Frequency Properties to be tested

Each batch Penetration at 25°C and softening point
First batch used in the works
Every 3 months after first batch, or All properties listed in Table 7.1.6
When there is a change in feed stock,
whichever is more frequent

[Link] Sampling and testing at the point of delivery

A compliance testing sample of at least one litre (1 L) of binder shall be taken from the binder storage
tank immediately prior to the commencement of EME2 asphalt production for each work shift. Where
requested by the Administrator, an additional sample of at least one litre (1 L) of binder shall be taken
and forwarded to the Administrator.

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Technical Specification, MRTS32 High Modulus Asphalt (EME2)

Samples shall be labelled at the time of sampling and appropriately stored to avoid contamination or
deterioration for a minimum of 12 months, or for the duration of the project’s defect liability / correction
period, whichever is greater.

The minimum testing frequencies for point of delivery testing are provided in Table [Link].

A ‘normal frequency’ shall immediately change to an ‘increased frequency’ if a nonconforming sample

has been detected. The frequency may return to the ‘normal frequency’ after no nonconformances
have occurred in four consecutive compliance testing samples.

In addition to the requirements of MRTS50 Specific Quality System Requirements, and unless
otherwise specified or agreed with the Administrator, the extents of conforming and nonconforming
works shall be determined based on the midpoint between adjacent binder tests.

Table [Link] – Minimum testing frequencies at point of delivery

Properties to be tested Normal Frequency Increased Frequency

Penetration at 25°C and • The first compliance testing Each compliance testing
softening point sample and then every 10th sample
compliance testing sample

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thereafter for a particular
binder class (that is
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compliance testing sample
1, 11, 21, etc), until
• the first compliance testing
sample after the binder has
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been stored for a period of
more than 14 days without
the addition of new binder to
the binder storage tank and
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then every 10th compliance

testing sample thereafter
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6 Asphalt contractor prequalification

The asphalt contractor prequalification requirements stated in Clause 6 of MRTS30 Asphalt
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Pavements shall apply to this Technical Specification.

7 Supply of asphalt
7.1 Materials for asphalt
7.1.1 General

The asphalt mix shall incorporate coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, filler, and binder complying with
the requirements of Clauses 7.1.2 to 7.1.6. It may also contain an additive complying with the
requirements of Clause 7.1.7.

7.1.2 Coarse aggregate

Coarse aggregate must comply with MRTS101 Aggregates for Asphalt, along with the additional
requirements specified in Table 7.1.2.

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Technical Specification, MRTS32 High Modulus Asphalt (EME2)

Table 7.1.2 – Additional coarse aggregate requirements

Property Test Method Unit Limit Value

Flakiness index Q201 % Maximum 25

7.1.3 Fine aggregate

Fine aggregate shall comply with MRTS101 Aggregates for Asphalt, except that natural sand shall not
be used in EME2 asphalt.

7.1.4 Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) material

Up to 15% (by mass of total mix) of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) material may be utilised in
EME2 asphalt.

RAP material shall comply with MRTS102 Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Material, along with the
following additional requirements:

• the aggregate particles in the RAP shall have 100% passing the 19.0 mm AS sieve,

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• the binder extracted from the RAP shall comply with the requirements specified in Table 7.1.4.
The binder shall be extracted from a representative sample of each RAP stockpile in
accordance with AGPT/T191.

Table 7.1.4 – RAP binder properties

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Property Test Method Unit Limit Value
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Penetration at 25°C ASTM D5/D5M or pu 1 Minimum 5
AS 2341.12
Softening point AS 2341.18 °C Maximum 79
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1.
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One pu equals 0.1 mm.

7.1.5 Filler

The combined filler in asphalt comprises the total fractions of fines produced from the crushing of
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aggregates and any added filler which passes the 0.075 mm AS sieve.

Filler must meet the following requirements:

a) added filler shall comply with MRTS103 Fillers for Asphalt, and

b) the combined filler shall comply with the requirements specified in Table 7.1.5.

EME2 asphalt must contain, by mass of total aggregate, not less than 1.0% hydrated lime if the
combined filler (excluding hydrated lime) has a methylene blue value > 10 mg/g and ≤ 18 mg/g.

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Technical Specification, MRTS32 High Modulus Asphalt (EME2)

Table 7.1.5 – Combined filler requirements

Property Test Method Unit Limit Value

Voids in dry AS/NZS 1141.17 % Minimum 28
compacted filler Maximum 45
Delta ring and ball 1 EN 13179–1 2,3 and °C Minimum 8
AS 2341.18
Maximum 25
Methylene blue AS 1141.66 mg/g Maximum 18 5
value 4
1. This test assesses the stiffening effect of the filler on the binder – filler mastic, NATA accreditation for the
EN 13179-1 is not required. This test shall be performed on the combined material passing the 0.125 mm
sieve in accordance with EN 13179-1, using Class 170 bitumen instead of 70/100 grade bitumen. The
softening point of the Class 170 bitumen used in the test, determined in accordance with AS 2341.18 shall
be between 43°C and 51°C.
2. More details on sample preparation are provided in AP-T219.
3. This testing is exempt from the requirement for NATA accreditation or Construction Materials Testing (CMT)
registration.
4. Test to be performed on combined filler excluding hydrated lime.

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5. Where the methylene blue value of the combined filler in asphalt (excluding hydrated lime) exceeds 10 mg/g,
the methylene blue value of the combined filler in asphalt (including hydrated lime) must not exceed 10 mg/g.

7.1.6 Binder
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The binder used in EME2 asphalt shall comply with the requirements specified in Table 7.1.6. The
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specific source and class of binder to be used in the mix shall be nominated on the asphalt mix design
certificate.

The requirements of Clauses 7 and 8 of MRTS17 Bitumen and any additional recommendations from
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the binder manufacturer shall apply to binder incorporated into EME2.

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Table 7.1.6 – EME2 binder requirements

Value
Property Test Method Unit Limit
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15/25 pen 10/20 pen

Penetration at 25°C ASTM D5/D5M or pu 1 Minimum 15 10
(100 g, 5 s) AS 2341.12
Maximum 25 20
Softening point AS 2341.18 °C Minimum 56 59
Maximum 72 79
Viscosity at 60°C 2 AS/NZS 2341.2 Pa.s Minimum 900 1050
Mass change AS/NZS 2341.10 % Maximum 0.5 Not
Specified
Retained penetration 3 AS/NZS 2341.10 % Minimum 55 Not
and Specified

AS 2341.12
Increase in softening AS/NZS 2341.10 °C Maximum 8 10
point after RTFO and
treatment 4
AS 2341.18

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Technical Specification, MRTS32 High Modulus Asphalt (EME2)

Value
Property Test Method Unit Limit
15/25 pen 10/20 pen
Viscosity at 135°C AS/NZS 2341.2, Pa.s Minimum 0.6 0.7

AS 2341.3,

AS/NZS 2341.4 or
AGPT/T111
Matter insoluble in AS/NZS 2341.8 % mass Maximum 1.0 Not
toluene Specified
Penetration index Note 5 Report
Viscosity at 60°C after AS/NZS 2341.10 Pa.s Report
RTFO 2 and
AS/NZS 2341.2
Viscosity at 60°C, AS/NZ 2341.10 and % Report
percentage of original
after RTFO treatment AS/NZS 2341.2

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1. One pu equals 0.1 mm.
2.

3.

4.
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Test shall be performed using an Asphalt Institute viscosity tube.
Retained penetration shall be calculated using the equation:
(Penetration at 25°C after RTFO x 100) / (Penetration at 25°C before RTFO).
Increase in softening point after RTFO treatment shall be calculated using the equation:
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(Softening point after RTFO) – (softening point before RTFO).
5. Penetration Index (PI) shall be calculated as follows (viz. Annexure A of EN 13924-2006):
(20 × 𝑆𝑆𝑃𝑃) + (500 × 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙) − 1952
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 =
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𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 − (50 × 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙) + 120

where:
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SP = Softening point determined in accordance with AS 2341.18

Pen = Penetration determined in accordance with AS 2341.12 or ASTM D5/D5M
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7.1.7 Additives

An additive that complies with the requirements of Clause 7.1.7 of MRTS30 Asphalt Pavements may
be proposed provided that full details of the type of additive are provided and the mix design complies
with the requirements of Clause 7.2 of this Technical Specification.

7.2 Requirements for asphalt

The requirements of Clause 7.2 of MRTS30 Asphalt Pavements do not apply for EME2 asphalt.

The requirements of Clauses 7.2.1 to 7.2.4 of this Technical Specification shall apply for all EME2
asphalt.

7.2.1 Mix design requirements

The EME2 mix design shall comply with the requirements given in Table 7.2.1 and Clauses 7.2.2 to
7.2.4.

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Technical Specification, MRTS32 High Modulus Asphalt (EME2)

Table 7.2.1 – Mix design criteria

Property Test Method Unit Limit Value

Air voids in specimens AS/NZS 2891.2.2 1,2 % Maximum 6
compacted by gyratory
compactor at 100 cycles
Water sensitivity AGPT/T232 3 % Minimum 80
Wheel tracking at 60°C and AGPT/T231 4,5 mm Maximum 4.0
30,000 cycles (60,000 passes)
Wheel tracking at 60°C and AGPT/T231 4,5 mm Maximum 2.0
5,000 cycles (10,000 passes)
Minimum flexural stiffness at AGPT/T274 4,6,7 MPa Minimum 14,000
50 ± 3 µε, 15°C and 10 Hz
Fatigue resistance at 20°C, 10 AGPT/T274 4,6 µε Minimum 150
Hz and 1 million cycles
Richness modulus 8 N/A – Minimum 3.4
Resilient modulus at 25°C, AS/NZS 2891.13.1 MPa Report

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0.04s rise time
1.

2.
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Bulk density of gyratory compacted specimens shall be determined by mensuration in accordance with
AS/NZS 2891.9.3. This property shall be determined from the average of three (minimum) test specimens.
Test parameters for AS/NZS 2891.2.2 shall be as follows: Vertical loading stress of 600 ± 18 kPa, gyratory
angle (internal) of 0.82 ± 0.02° and a rate of gyration of 30 ± 0.5 revolutions per minute. Specimens should
have a diameter of 150 mm and a thickness between 100 mm and 150 mm. Laboratory compaction
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temperature for preparing test specimens should be determined in accordance with AS/NZS 2891.2.2,
Appendix A.
3. The free/thaw moisture conditioning of specimens detailed in Section 5.2 of AGPT/T232 is mandatory.
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4. Specimens shall be compacted to an air void content of 1.5 – 4.5% when the bulk density is determined in
accordance with AS/NZS 2891.9.2 or Q306B.
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5. This property shall be determined from the average of two (minimum) test specimens.

6. Sinusoidal loading (instead of haversine loading) shall be used.

7. Flexural stiffness shall be determined as the average stiffness between the 45th and the 100th load
repetition.
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8. Refer to Clause 7.2.3 for details.

For flexural stiffness and fatigue resistance testing undertaken in accordance with AGPT/T274 the
appropriate strain levels must be selected, noting in particular that some software (using manually
selected sinusoidal loading) define strain levels differently to AGPT/T274. These software programs
may only apply half the strain level indicated on the input screen (i.e. a 280 microstrain loading on
the software input screen may equate to 140 microstrain loading according to AGPT/T274).

7.2.2 Particle size distribution of combined aggregate and filler

EME2 asphalt shall have 100% of the combined aggregate and filler particles passing the 19.0 mm
AS sieve.

For the purpose of undertaking the asphalt mix design there are no other specific requirements for the
particle size distribution of the combined aggregate and filler.

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Technical Specification, MRTS32 High Modulus Asphalt (EME2)

The target particle size distribution shall be nominated as part of the mix design submission and shall
be shown on the asphalt mix design certificate.

During asphalt production, the tolerances stated in Table [Link] of MRTS30 Asphalt Pavements shall
apply to this target distribution.

7.2.3 Richness modulus

For the purpose of undertaking the asphalt mix design, the richness modulus (K) of the asphalt shall
be calculated as follows:
100𝐵𝐵
� �
𝐾𝐾 = 1005 − 𝐵𝐵
𝛼𝛼 √Σ
where:

B = Binder content (% by mass of the total asphalt mix)

α = 2.65 / ρa

ρa = Particle density of the combined mineral aggregate determined in accordance with

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AS/NZS 2891.8 or Q317 (t/m³)

where:
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Σ = (0.25G + 2.3S + 12s + 150f) / 100
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G = Percentage of aggregate particles greater than 6.30 mm

S = Percentage of aggregate particles between 6.30 mm and 0.250 mm

s = Percentage of aggregate particles between 0.250 mm and 0.075 mm

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f = Percentage of aggregate particles less than 0.075 mm

G, S and s may be interpolated using a linear relationship from the grading curve using
Australian standard sieves.
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7.2.4 Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) material

The requirements of Clause [Link] of MRTS30 Asphalt Pavements do not apply to EME2 asphalt.

Up to 15% (by mass of total mix) of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) material may be utilised in
EME2 asphalt. The RAP material shall comply with the requirements of Clause 7.1.4 of this Technical
Specification.

7.3 Nominated mixes

7.3.1 Nominated mix design

The requirements of Clause 7.3.1 of MRTS30 Asphalt Pavements shall apply to this Technical
Specification with the exception that the nominated mix is to be registered in accordance with the
requirements of Clause 7.3.2 of this Technical Specification rather than Clause 7.3.2 of
MRTS30 Asphalt Pavements.

7.3.2 Asphalt mix design registration

The process for EME2 asphalt mix design registration is defined in Technical Note TN148 Asphalt Mix
Design Registration.

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Technical Specification, MRTS32 High Modulus Asphalt (EME2)

To register an EME2 asphalt mix design, the Prequalified Asphalt Contractor (PAC) shall conduct:

a) a laboratory based assessment to demonstrate the mix design fully complies with the
requirements of this Technical Specification, and

b) a production trial to demonstrate the capability of the manufacturing plant to produce the mix
design.

For the purpose of satisfying these mix design requirements, the production trial is intended to be
undertaken ‘offsite’.

7.3.3 Nomination of registered mix designs

The requirements for nomination of registered mix designs stated in Clause 7.3.3 of MRTS30 Asphalt
Pavements shall apply to this Technical Specification.

7.4 Production of asphalt

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The requirements for production of asphalt stated in Clause 7.4 of MRTS30 Asphalt Pavements shall
apply to this Technical Specification, except that:

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a) the constituent proportion limits specified in Table 7.4(a) shall apply, and

b) the maximum asphalt temperature specified in Table 7.4(b) shall apply.

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Table 7.4(a) – Proportion limits for constituent materials used in production mix

Maximum variation in constituent

Constituent
proportions from the nominated1 proportion
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Aggregate ± 5% absolute2
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Added filler ± 0.5% absolute

RAP material ± 5% absolute
1. The nominated proportion shall be the proportion used for the laboratory based assessment of the mix
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design.
2. This requirement applies to each aggregate source when the aggregate comes from more than one
aggregate source. This requirement does not apply when all the aggregate comes from the same source.

The proportion limits for added filler and RAP material used in production mix are in addition to the
limits given in Clauses 7.1.4 and 7.1.5.

For example, where the nominated proportion of RAP material is 10%, the proportion of RAP
material incorporated into the mix can vary between 5% and 15%. However, where the nominated
proportion of RAP material is 15%, the proportion of RAP material incorporated into the mix can
vary between 10% and 15%.

Table 7.4(b) – Maximum asphalt temperature

Asphalt Binder Type Maximum Mix Temperature (°C)

10/20 and 15/25 pen bitumen 190

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Technical Specification, MRTS32 High Modulus Asphalt (EME2)

8 Placing of asphalt
The requirements for placing of asphalt specified in Clause 8 of MRTS30 Asphalt Pavements shall
apply to this Technical Specification, except as varied through this clause.

While EME2 asphalt is similar in many ways to conventional dense graded asphalt, the Contractor’s
placement methodology for EME2 asphalt should recognise EME2 specific construction practices
or conditions may need to be adopted for construction.

For example, experience has shown that EME2 asphalt may be more ‘lively’ during compaction in
periods of hot weather and contractors may need to adjust their construction processes to manage
this. Further guidance can be found in Technical Note TN190 Construction and Trafficking of High
Modulus Asphalt.

8.1 Method of placement

For EME2 asphalt, if specified in Clause 4 of Annexure MRTS30.1, a Material Transfer Vehicle (MTV)

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must be used in the paving process except for areas to be paved at tapers, turning lanes less than
100 m in length, roundabouts of radius less than 50 m and other areas approved to be excluded by
the Administrator.

8.2 Course and layer thickness

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The nominated layer thickness of a layer of EME2 asphalt must be within the limits specified in
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Table 8.2.

Table 8.2 – Nominated layer thickness limits

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Layer Thickness (mm)

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Asphalt Type
Minimum Maximum
EME2 70 130
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8.3 Pavement temperature and weather conditions

The requirements of Table 8.3 shall be read in conjunction with the requirements of Clause 8.7 of
MRTS30 Asphalt Pavements.

Table 8.3 – Minimum pavement surface temperature for asphalt placement

Minimum Surface Temperature for Asphalt

Asphalt Type
Placement (°C)
EME2 5

8.4 Placement trial

Where specified in Clause 6 of Annexure MRTS30.1, the Contractor shall undertake a placement trial
in accordance with the requirements of Clause 8.11 of MRTS30 Asphalt Pavements.

8.5 Surface gritting

Areas of EME2 asphalt that require gritting shall be nominated by the Administrator.

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Technical Specification, MRTS32 High Modulus Asphalt (EME2)

The material used for gritting shall consist of natural sand particles having a grading complying with
the requirements shown in Table 8.5, or other material as approved by the Administrator. The grit shall
be dry, clean, hard, angular, durable, and free from clay and other aggregations of fine material, soil,
organic matter and any other deleterious material.

Table 8.5 - Particle size distribution limits for grit material

AS Sieve Size (mm) % Passing by Mass

4.75 100
2.36 90 – 100
0.600 0 – 20
0.075 0 – 1.0

The grit shall be uniformly spread and rolled into the surface of the hot asphalt during the compaction
process. The temperature at which the grit material is applied shall be such that the grit forms a strong
bond with, and is partially coated by, the binder in the asphalt mix. The spread rate to be adopted for
grit material shall be nominated by the Contractor and be applied at a rate ≥ 0.2 kg/m². After

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consultation with the Administrator, the spread rate may be adjusted to ensure an adequate coverage
of grit is achieved.
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Prior to the pavement section being opened to traffic, any loose grit material shall be removed from
the road surface and adjacent road features (such as kerb and channel).
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The surface of an EME2 layer typically provides adequate skid resistance for temporary trafficking.
In situations where the mix produces a flushed surface after rolling, gritting the surface should be
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considered as part of the construction process. Alternatively, the surface could be tested for skid
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resistance to confirm its suitability for temporary trafficking.

9 Finished pavement properties

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The requirements for finished pavement properties specified in Clause 9 of MRTS30 Asphalt
Pavements shall apply to this Technical Specification, except as varied through this clause.

9.1 Requirements for insitu air voids

The asphalt must have a dense appearance. Each layer of asphalt must be uniformly compacted to
achieve the specified characteristic value for insitu air voids specified in Table 9.1.

Table 9.1 – Insitu air voids requirements for EME2 asphalt

Limits of Characteristic Value of the Insitu Air Voids (%)

Location
Lower Limit (VL) Upper Limit (VU)
Mat Not Specified 5.5
Joints 8.5

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Technical Specification, MRTS32 High Modulus Asphalt (EME2)

Where an EME2 layer is intended to be trafficked (other than by construction vehicles), the
Contractor’s construction practices will need to provide a balance between achieving the required
compaction standard and ensuring the surface does not become insufficiently textured.

As the insitu air voids reduce with additional compactive effort, the surface texture will typically also
reduce.

9.2 Vertical tolerance

9.2.1 General

Unless otherwise stated in Clause 7 of Annexure MRTS30.1, level control shall be applied to EME2
layers.

EME2 asphalt mixes are intended to be more workable than conventional dense graded asphalt.
The Contractor may need to take additional precautions in the field to ensure that the required
vertical tolerances and surface shape are achieved.

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This is particularly relevant where the edges of the mat are unsupported and/or the EME2 is placed
in thick layers. de
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9.2.2 Level control

Where level control is specified, the requirements of MRTS30 Asphalt Pavements shall apply.

9.2.3 Thickness control

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Where thickness control is specified, the requirements of Table 9.2.3 shall be read in conjunction with
the requirements of Clause [Link] of MRTS30 Asphalt Pavements.

Table 9.2.3 - Allowable tolerances for layer thickness (when thickness control is specified)
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Layer Thickness Tolerance (mm)

Asphalt Type
Average Value Individual Value
EME2 ±5 ± 10

10 Asphalt contractor performance

The requirements for performance reporting specified in Clause 10 of MRTS30 Asphalt Pavements
shall apply to this Technical Specification.

11 Supplementary requirements
The requirements of this Technical Specification are varied by the supplementary requirements given
in Clause 9 of Annexure MRTS30.1.

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