BDS – Theory Exam Questions
General Microbiology
Essay questions:
1. Define Sterilisation. Write in detail about the physical methods of sterilisation.
2. Define Sterilisation. Classify and write in detail about Dry Heat Sterilisation.
3. Describe the bacterial cell in brief with neat diagram.
4. Discuss the morphology of bacterial cell with a diagram and state briefly, add a note on
cell wall of bacteria.
5. Write about the specimen collection, direct detection methods, culture methods for
laboratory diagnosis of bacterial infection. (10)
6. Define sterilization and classify them, explain the chemical methods of sterilization.
7. Discuss sterilization and disinfectants, write briefly on chemical disinfectants.
8. Define and classify sterilization, describe briefly the various techniques of moist heat
sterilization. Add a brief note on autoclave.
Short Notes:
1. Bacterial growth curve.
2. Anaerobic culture methods.
3. Bacterial spore.
4. Hot air oven
5. Gene transfer methods.
6. Autoclave.
7. Bacterial capsule.
8. Various methods of sterilization.
9. Antiseptics and disinfectants.
10. Gene transfer and write briefly about methods of gene transfer.
11. Transduction.
12. Gaseous Sterilization in Medical/Dental Practice.
13. Categories of Biomedical waste and its Disposal.
Short answer questions:
1. Write uses of Dark field and phase contrast microscopes.
2. Enriched Media.
3. Write 2 stains and 2 cultures used for fungal identification.
4. Louis Pasteur and mention his contributions.
5. Koch’s Postulate.
6. Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing.
7. Personal Protective Equipments in Infection Control.
8. Dark field microscope.
9. Various staining techniques in microbiology.
10. Bacterial drug resistance.
11. Importance of gram stain.
12. Define sterilization and Disinfectants.
13. Gaseous disinfectant uses.
14. Mention four selective media and their uses.
15. Mention two transport media and their uses.
16. Transfer factors.
17. Enumerate types of culture media with examples.
18. Enlist the various staining methods used for bacterial identification with examples.
Immunology
Essay questions:
1. Define and Classify Hypersensitivity and explain in detail Type I /II/ III/ IV
Hypersensitivity reaction.
2. Define innate immunity. (1) Write about the role of barriers in innate immunity with
examples. (4) Describe about the various components of innate immunity (5)
3. Define acquired/adoptive immunity. (1) Write about the active and passive immune
response ( 9)
4. Write in detail about structure and functions of Immunoglobulin.
5. Write about Monoclonal antibodies and their application in detail.
6. Write in detail about Classical complement pathway
7. Write about General properties of Antigen-Antibody reactions. Write in detail about
Precipitation/ Agglutination/ ELISA.
Short Notes:
1. Acquired immunity.
2. Type I hypersensitivity reaction.
3. Anaphylaxis.
4. Type IV Hypersensitivity.
5. Write a note on Primary and secondary immune response.
6. Write a short note on cytokines.
7. Write a short note on Major Histocompatibility complex.
8. Describe about the various functions of Macrophages.
9. Widal Test.
10. Define antigen. Write about factors influencing immunogenicity of an antigen.
11. Write in detail about structure of an Antibody.
12. Write about structure and function of Immunoglobulin M(IgM).
13. Write about structure and function of Immunoglobulin G (IgG).
14. Write about Antigenic determinants of Immunoglobulins.
15. Write about General properties of Antigen-Antibody reactions.
16. Write in detail about Immunochromatographic test (ICT).
17. Write about Lectin complement pathway.
18. Write about Alternative complement pathway.
19. Write about Type I Hypersensitivity reaction.
20. Write about Type III Hypersensitivity reaction.
21. Write about Type IV Hypersensitivity reaction.
22. Write about mechanism of Graft rejection.
23. Write about Graft vs Host reaction(GVH) and its Types in detail.
Short answer questions:
1. Autoimmunity.
2. Write any four differences between innate and acquired immunity.
3. Enumerate the various components (structure) of Immune system.
4. How will you define Antigen?
5. What is Epitope?
6. Define Heterophile Antigen. Write about is diagnostic application.
7. What is Adjuvant? Write its examples.
8. Define Super antigen. Give its Example.
9. Define super antigen. Write disease associated with this antigen.
10. Write the different example of Abnormal Immunoglobulins.
11. Define Precipitation. Write about its clinical application.
12. Write the Principle of ELISA Test.
13. Write about general properties of Complement.
14. Define Hypersensitivity. Enumerate Hypersensitivity reactions.
15. Define Autoimmunity. Write four example of Autoimmune diseases.
16. Classify Transplant based on Anatomical site of Graft.
17. Classify Transplant based of Genetic relationship between donor and recipient.
Bacteriology
Essay questions:
1. Classify Streptococci. Describe in detail the toxin production and lab diagnosis of β
haemolytic Streptococci.
2. Describe in detail the toxin production, morphology, clinical manifestations and
laboratory diagnosis of Staphylococcus.
3. Write the morphology, culture, antigenic structure, Pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis
of Salmonella typhi.
4. Describe the pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of syphilis.
5. Write the morphology, cultural characteristics, Pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of
Mycobacterium Tubercle Bacilli.
6. Morphology, laboratory diagnosis and Prophylaxis of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Bacilli.
7. Classify Non Sporing Anaerobes. Write in detail on the Infections caused by Non
Sporing Anaerobes and their Treatment. Add a note on Anaerobic Culture methods.
8. Write in detail morphology, clinical features and laboratory diagnosis of V. Cholerae
Short Notes:
1. Antigens, toxins enzymes of staphylococcus aureus.
2. Toxin and Enzyme of Streptococci
3. Toxin and Enzyme of Staphylococci
4. Viridans group of Streptococci.
5. Virulence factors and pathogenesis of pseudomonas aeruginosa
6. Pathogenesis and clinical manifestation of C. diptherae
7. Clinical manifestation caused by pseudomonas
8. Prophylactic measure in case of C diptherae infection
9. Preventive measures of tetanus
Short answer questions:
1. Name two Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria.
2. Differences between community acquired MRSA and Hospital associated MRSA
3. Suppurative and Non suppurative manifestation of Streptococcus pyogens
4. Differences between S. Pneumoniae and viridans streptococci
5. Clinical manifestation of gas gangrene
6. Clinical manifestation of enteric fever
7. Clinical manifestation of cholera
8. Morphology of V. Cholerae
9. Morphology of C. diptheriae
Virology
Essay questions:
1. Describe the pathogenicity and lab diagnosis of Hepatitis B virus.
2. Enumerate the Viruses causing Blood Borne Viral Infections. Write in detail on the
modes of Transmission, Pathogenesis and Lab Diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency
Virus (HIV). Add a note on preventive measures against Acquiring the Disease.
3. Write in detail morphology, clinical features and laboratory diagnosis of Human
Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Add a note on oral opportunistic infections in HIV.
Short Notes:
1. Lab diagnosis of Hepatitis B infection.
2. Cultivation of viruses.
3. Laboratory Diagnosis of HIV
Short answer questions:
1. What is a Dane particle and who are Hepatitis B Carriers?
2. Bacteriophage.
3. Modes of Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus.
Parasitology
Short Notes:
1. Asexual cycle (Schizogony) of Malaria parasite.
2. Laboratory diagnosis of Falciparum malaria
3. Clinical manifestation and Pathogenecity of Falciparum malaria
4. Life cycle of E. Histolytica
5. Laboratory diagnosis of intestinal amoebiasis
6. Diagnostic test for Malaria.
Short answer questions:
1. Stool concentration techniques.
2. Serodiagnosis in parasitic infection.
3. Classify protozoa infection.
4. Classify helminthic infection.
Mycology
Short Notes:
1. Laboratory diagnosis of fungal infection.
2. Dimorphic fungi.
3. Candidiasis
4. Oral thrush
5. Laboratory diagnostic method for Mold./Aspergillus.
