VISVESVARAYA TECHNOGICAL UNIVERSITY

“Jnana Sangama”, Belagavi, Karnataka, INDIA

Physical Education (BPEK459)

SPORTS REPORT

Assignment-1

Submitted by

Dhanush
(1DT22CS083)

CSE-5B
Submitted to

Prof. Nethra H.L

Assistant Professor, Dept of CSE

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

(Accredited by NBA)

DAYANANDA SAGAR ACADEMY OF TECHNOLOGY AND

MANAGEMENT
Udayapura, Kanakapura Road, Bangalore-560082
2023-2024
Athletics: High Jump

The high jump is one of the oldest and most exciting events in
athletics. Unlike most jumping events, the high jump challenges
athletes to leap vertically over a bar.

• Objective: The goal of the high jump is for the athlete to clear a
bar set at a certain height without knocking it off its stand. The
height of the bar increases as the competition progresses.

• Technique: The high jump requires a specialized technique

involving a combination of running speed, coordination, strength,
and timing.

Approach Run:

The approach run in high jump is crucial, as it sets the jumper up for an
effective take-off. The approach involves a series of steps that help the
athlete gather speed, build momentum, and position themselves for take-off.

1. Speed and Control:

1. The approach run is typically a curved run, where the athlete takes
several steps along the curve leading up to the take-off point.

2. Marking the Take-off:

1. High jumpers often use markers or indicators along the track
to help them know the exact point to take off.
Take-Off:

The take-off is the critical moment in the high jump, where the athlete
transitions from the approach run to the jump.

1. Final Step (Take-off Step):

1. The take-off step is the last stride of the approach and is often the
most important. The athlete must plant their take-off foot firmly on
the ground, usually the inside foot (the foot closest to the bar) on the
ground to generate upward thrust.

2. Body Position:
1. The jumper should be upright and balanced at the moment of
take-off to avoid any imbalance that might affect their jump.

Bar Clearance :

The bar clearance phase is where the jumper's skill in controlling their body
during flight is tested.

1. Flight Path:
1. After take-off, the athlete must maneuver their body over the bar.
The backward arch technique (commonly known as the Fosbury
Flop) is the most widely used method today.

2. Clearing the Bar:

1. The key to clearing the bar is for the jumper to stay relaxed
and avoid hitting the bar with any part of their body.
Landing :

Landing in high jump is relatively safe due to the use of soft mats
that cushion the fall.

1. Safety:
1. Athletes land on soft landing mats (often several feet
thick) to absorb the impact when they clear the bar.

2. Landing Position:
1. The jumper's body should be relaxed during the descent. Most
athletes land on their back and shoulders, which reduces the
impact on the body.

Discus throw:

The discus throw is a traditional and exciting track and field event
that has been part of the Olympics since its inception in ancient
Greece. The goal of the event is to throw a heavy, circular disc (called
the discus) as far as possible .

Holding the Discus:

• Grip: The discus is held with one hand, with the fingers spread
across its rim. The index and middle fingers are placed on the rim,
while the thumb rests on the bottom.

• Positioning: The discus is held with the palm facing upwards, and the
athlete’s fingers should be able to feel the center of gravity of the
discus.
Initial Stance :

• Body Position: The athlete begins in a backward-facing stance inside the

throwing circle, with their feet close to the ground, weight balanced, and the
body coiled to prepare for the throw

• Discus Placement: The discus is held away from the body at shoulder height,
slightly behind the head, with the elbow bent and the arm extended back.

Primary Swing

• Movement: The primary swing involves moving the discus from behind the
body and swinging it around the athlete’s torso. This phase helps generate
rotational momentum for the throw.

• Leg and Hip Involvement: The athlete begins to move their hips and torso
while maintaining balance, initiating the swing through the lower body. The
throwing arm is pulled backward, while the non-throwing arm moves forward for
balance.
Turn:

• Rotation: The athlete rotates their body by pivoting on the back foot
while keeping the discus in the same position behind the head. The turn
involves a 90-degree rotation from the initial stance, with the athlete's body
now facing the direction of the throw.

• Hip Engagement: The hips play a key role in the turn, and they should lead
the movement, helping to create the necessary rotational speed.
Release :

• Positioning: As the athlete completes the rotation, they extend the

throwing arm, releasing the discus at the optimum angle (typically
around 30-35 degrees to the ground) for maximum distance.

• Wrist Action: The wrist snaps at the moment of release, giving the
discus spin that helps it stay in the air longer and travel farther.

• Follow-through: After release, the athlete should maintain balance

and focus on their body’s follow-through to avoid fouls and ensure
stability.

Recovery:

• Stability: After the release, the athlete follows through with their
upper body and legs, maintaining balance as they come to a stop.

• Landing: The athlete typically finishes by coming out of the

throwing circle, either stepping back or to the side, ensuring they
do not touch the foul lines or step out of the throwing area.
 :Football:

Football (also known as soccer in some countries like the United States and
Canada) is a popular team sport played worldwide. It is known for its fast-
paced nature, tactical depth, and universal appeal, making it the most-watched
and most-played sport globally.

Objective:
The primary objective of football is to score more goals than the opponent within
a specified time. A goal is scored when the ball crosses the opponent's goal line
between the goalposts and under the crossbar.
The game is played with a round ball on a rectangular field, typically
measuring 100 to 110 meters in length and 64 to 75 meters in width.

Basic Rules:

1. Teams: A football match is played between two teams, each consisting of

11players : one goalkeeper and 10 outfield players, which are typically divided
into defenders, midfielders, and forwards.
2. Duration: A standard match lasts 90 minutes, divided into two halves of
45 minutes each. Additional time may be added for injuries or stoppages
(called stoppage time), and in some cases, extra time or penalty shootouts are
used to determine the winner.
3. Ball: The ball is spherical, usually made of leather or synthetic materials,
and weighs between 410–450 grams (14–16 ounces). The size of the ball is
regulated and typically 68–70 cm in circumference.
4. The Field: The football field is marked with goal areas, penalty areas,
center circle, and corner arcs.
5. Start and Restart of Play: The game starts with a kick-off from the center
of the field, and it is also restarted this way after a goal is scored or at the start
of the second half.
Key Skills and Techniques :

1. Passing: Passing is essential to move the ball around the field, either
through short or long passes. Through balls, crosses, and dribbling are
common techniques to move the ball forward.

2. Dribbling: Dribbling involves controlling and maneuvering the

ball past opponents using quick footwork and change of direction.

3. Shooting: Shooting is the act of attempting to score a goal by striking

the ball with the foot. Players use various types of shots, such as volleys,
headers, and free kicks.

4. Tackling: Tackling is used by defenders to regain possession of the

ball by challenging an opponent’s possession. It can be done legally
with the feet or using the body.

5. Heading: Heading involves using the forehead to play the ball, usually
for passing, clearance, or scoring goals.

6. Set Pieces: Free kicks, corner kicks, and throw-ins are used to restart
play after a foul, ball out of bounds, or goal kick. These provide
opportunities to score or create goal-scoring chances.
Competitions:

Football is played at many levels, from local leagues to international

tournaments. Some of the most prestigious football competitions
include:

• FIFA World Cup: The premier international tournament,

held every four years.
• UEFA Champions League: A prestigious European club
competition.
• Copa América, Africa Cup of Nations (AFCON), UEFA
European Championship (EURO): Continental international
tournaments.
• Domestic Leagues: Such as the English Premier League
(EPL), La Liga (Spain), Serie A (Italy), and Bundesliga
(Germany).
• Cups: Including national tournaments like the FA Cup and
Copa del Rey.

Popularity:

Football is the world’s most popular sport, with billions of fans across the
globe. It is especially prominent in regions like Europe, South America,
Africa, and Asia. Iconic players such as Pelé, Diego Maradona, Lionel
Messi, and Cristiano Ronaldo have become global legends, helping to
increase the sport’s reach and popularity.

Conclusion:
Football is a dynamic and thrilling sport that requires teamwork, strategy, and
individual skill. Its simple rules, exciting gameplay, and ability to bring people
together make it a universal language, cherished by fans and players alike all
around the world.