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Numerical Analysis

numerical analysis

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
241 views103 pages

Numerical Analysis

numerical analysis

Uploaded by

majidmir410
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
“UNIT-T_ Ox aa A eyces / ) b ge itid a vi ie A be i, in He ee rae Te tad La a res my ) ne / beineen dw; AL rete Plone. up Scanned with CamScanner i Avs an ha Wreu oy, % , I, => Ay yon MetA net bebo ral Abe ie ofa RES ss! ze Meth, Lot Hh, Het Bh, 2 Uae et 2 ety @--- oh | | dy 2) Caller Pending es “df ia fetes tot an a ae 2 ey a = eat ete Ng —— Nef) | fire afeete) —— Leibed afer eperaten, (0) | Backend —chyesinee pee eat ta a tfay= tah byl chen T= i = a Hence! V4a]=—7 Ler ct i — 7 — patel Rt cay — Scanned with CamScanner | =f ft) —2f{a-4) 3 Je ft-ot taal oly Wince. Of ) aller _ dhe ( Okrnt ati ference Sperctey ae She fac hy 2) Flah,) —— Wp tial tha, ts, Gi: og Be p B alblacameet of resets “Te alee pode Ea om : — Efe FE Ee - “EY, = rg bce E4 = eer eh a | eo hz E( Fact) 2 fork, TF totem he Eta} = foun) “Sosa ef Afesd bp he = {x} Hence fey AT I) =) ined with CamScanner ee £ “tie ote ih) ae a = oe ln il _ —|e* 2 EL heist th, = HH } AFA) Bx CE Ptaelg) yaa , Sea — PA) = ee ttt -opaatec = if oe i vind b4eretor—lig-u ; “ale oe batt keaton been EE | L ne EE c eon mele = ffgtal— Ie Marat Er 4) r The =e C nw [Es =e ~ Meee Aft) & L [Par Facts) | Eft ee a er a soe sol se Soe _ [= = [es he Te) — ___—— ined with CamScanner ate > ( -) page CN j= (JAD, (Ady. tee fey O Rat 7 =e! Na) 2 — Petula. A Pilfernce uke. ~ The drat fall Af feAmces Hf Q Aune tim, Me. AiCed belo ang talalan frie. tC ‘i My Ay " Ay Ay Nee |“ fs * plies wae bh fp | _ aire | = [Pek ati he ak RT, Ale fe Re, bf t Re G a ake aye ; eet rola _Lwrblis wt do Kron She Be ete the Ladi { Sb Pad _the oP fon ef the ae v oS Walue f AG doffronees 9,4, 24,15, 16 ait Scanned with CamScanner Apt Ah He fernence Table Pale face a LY Fs ry Pe \ ag + bey, AY, Seay + 66 [a 2 tU als eht TO Se eit ba, = 2442+ [Sp4 Do = ee me tle = fot Ne Np te, Ay ta Ne, By t Ne, alte - Saray) ¢ Me te) HO te a |=. menbot— bina 2 ae pi Rc rR See ee : = - (nat)?+ FNC TESey eee ae aa & FE) rt Hs Tale arb a fa wo 38 & oy GO pel rll, tot 323 ~ Si te) as ela ie ay ee Jo 2 19 Io Ie _o o- 3 $3 34 "24 <6 o— a [pita ~s leg oe oo § b93 [>* > Mee Scanned with CamScanner eB I = rh = lt as pH, by ¢ %, AY Fh, Oy, —__|. = Paiste ia ale aif ra ——_|_= ldap baicba #1b 2a 120. pa em — Dl dhe Tw | of thw ibe e “| ee a ae ta Zs! 1F., 2 hy Ut Ane $,3,0)-1,0,... i he fk ttn -Y the ~ heauonee 8,, PAD) == = _ 7 pifeeaes of 0 pilepamicl ‘hg a ciforates rand] of pet 0 L F(a) ees 2 ta ay[aahe. cela alba feat L- dec Bs hese = te_| Ad{x “eal Re re ‘iat thas faye je aaa —= Scanned with CamScanner The elem ia i fe ie fren classmate —— Scanned with CamScanner | "AM so a {E-1)*4, 20 ; (Era e tbe ter ped a -44, +64 —4 af eds ity La ei ates aia) e450 =o - 1p Ay, 2aer P 1 ae “f= 60:08: ‘ Dorcel wisn Aor 9 60:05" , ub Pi wig Pilns pr fie llomitar= he ees Se ac LS 24 3 - 32 & 128 Scanned with CamScanner 1 th py Nie es i i 9 ty gin shi ig bd eae or & fo on vcs Ha rls ms of la i Bac ES HA fe Ie un Meh “Obes! Coad Ho thet x ee Zz 2 A 5 £ tp [1 2 3% 4 fos mb FATT if fe Spenser 1) in One jo Scanned with CamScanner ae haa v7 \ th ese Geet Bre, Cah: inf on Hh 4. lo Po2 3 4 5 fF (0 0) 6 24 Go fro 310 Spiel oa. of depae. 3K Hs fen ers pleat tify | 2° 4 & ff4A_to 30 B__ Ibo ar 490 Scanned with CamScanner eS ike PrObLey 0g < + 22 Sve Ble 24 7 244, 204, Wes rg ’ wes 8 vane =F Cy a We, , M8 Of xB 4 pg x td 160 294 490 Since visa Polynomial Of degree 3, the thi qual (constant). The sum of entry in this column may be “Hence 1) 2 1241) 15 =12~-—3(-1) 9=12+3-1) 13 = 12-11) Hence e=—l ner Scanned with CamScani wn Wr in y In the following 5 4D wn 10 6 =n P o 30 @ 9 : 20 table, under column B°y, (Wo entries are 6, 6. It ae oa te Se eances are constants and SHO MS not there in ‘ fer wo the entries under column Jy 6 pote 56-00) oP 926+3(1) .e 526-() % 1=0 (error in y(2)) (2), the sum ‘of the errors in colum explained in the theory. 4 Fst integration (or Inverse operator ay nytt then yp= Ay Here ‘A ig called finite integra eur ov iaverse of operator Bs ica is periodic function of period which is equal y are | slo diferencing, Aci)=Cle+h)- C(2) by definition of A ad =C(x)-C(a) °C (a)is periodic me This shows that, if C(x) is per ital of differencing is same h, then AC (x) =0- fine if Ay(@)=u(x) 40 @)+C(a)) = Ay (x) AC (x) = Ay ()+0 =u (x) jodie function whose peti Scanned with CamScanner Neng _ Find Foon hla of gies in tock Bak day he ee Scanned with CamScanner Nee ee tye By | Oe Ne IS hy. |. er ee prt y= re calgy A= Me "Wh é fn iolinge valine. a ae an dn C4 Ia te peel f + Py, ve shaft a — Po lte tps i nluch us Nutone 4 fitian diffi oe pratien, tata, Mie ul Ape, pile ste teat ate Reuenegesy ya a et tap L Neibone Dhekumta Snkoupo Sf Tele te at ee ba OH arg fhe Values ped ae 0, Ta Lo ; dy Cas 3 eae taal =| HA) ined with CamScanner b nang Vans yan Way in Ge Ad or Ly sof tied G4 rie) Hy syne pe Ibe is neotlos: backward Aa fifo. ; _ ma bie, #7. “ak A221 Line 22 from Hts, platy eS ats oe Aa “4 034009 23907 04 1 ATES A i: Gude a2 2) ts oases’ To peels 4 60 jell afi i al EE ie ee 02420. vate py 0819 — ra g03 0 2VT 9 ght 0901 ——— an 3h tt ADT Ney Z dete remap ce. A\he%s Say 2 | =a with CamScanner a ED al = ac ae The a We hv TI ak) oa a aa — urd VE | —e eyehcnans aoe) (ail? Zoe ee — 6 72 AB pa mL Pe CALS + 0-000 [FAR 0 b0001ES We 04645 GAS Y ie Pod oll [tomo 1.09593 bomx¢__bifobl_J-1SD3+ (gS ‘any + tii 145] 198i ig wit 24 3b Al nad pats erie Gan Bo pal b 4H | whe ling Als ea Dok = a= % Scanned with CamScanner ‘Scanned with CamScanner va Ges, . ; vy A Ri pudosal Arepoe. frat buch ; | || 2 ] 1 4. b g Jo ey ee ee ee fee Ap App tat ef Aegstee 9 Which, Tales ” | 2 32 4 § 8 F loo 4 FF I 16 92 24 ER te aig “Ade! ef aw —letls fa)- ) (a-h)—‘ a A (arh)= = fee, Ai: ig —— fa th) & dat 2a) ae re A X >= aoe zs teh, ep te ~& Lot or 5 BY Oth f Ay Orr ‘b- Ay. an 46'4 Fi (ct f won 12% be the Scanned with CamScanner gee el gle fee tlh) 2-0 Unf Oa Wn oe oe a im <- 2 Atl eAy ob | as Las BS leate 2 Bat, | i tN Wa Be i By Bt a be soy =e sha oe eae + at (By “Bh | ~ eagle Baas, ee a v2) 5 =p peels. [P ES I 4 (i) Bi ‘ies well a1 : i ReepyS —y ash fee ee ete 7 a vel 2 | reac eatiege te! lage fe ‘MN ite ip +fet) Yi UN AG ten ei Pee yrlies Of DY, Bi tress uh) 2 + Lact leu yftic ts ea s i He sth) Ste 24 aie w sei Tei ae tee (ae aac Scanned with CamScanner Lg Lemon. Fab 2 i Eek eis ie. ce) Ziftetd_ 043 06+ ONS O66 ye se Iseible_ 7 99648) 9154) 1AM far, 2 Ay cs he = a ‘alan — pS sg t LF7Cl0_ ry o18s77) rane FRT Teo] Spot 0) f pa7eaenl Panel ee coat a= 7 oo ar poo Daven Arn day {tee ages |: SAB) fo-a[o- aI = ae ib lo: 100189 ) + (0-4)| = -¢00002) + 2\ I: aba +o. 00TS 862 +O: eee ae = 190409226 bas a cid el: baste taiea e “4-1 \ (0° 019060) = L— meee ar tenes owas) — + (04 Vow) [0-4-05) [b-ooooor] 2 Scanned with CamScanner ome 2H sige ee Se j aoa ral (o eel, olfeb0)-+2 bo) + 229 [omnis 19g 267 = }-99648 reste 0000039 = : we he tbe S08 i a o} “4 lb) = rend fo + BABI) 2 [8-05] wee) = (oa) e0.2) ¢ 900199 0-000 + tales ere Scanned with CamScanner Ws ke = |: ee 3-0 abe ose | — @ aD ° ma wetted ae dhe Same Aomlt, Coeut lh ~ San A Cem all Paces wn ¥ De “Dyes jb Vales of Hh Callens dane ; cbf ere di Me 4 & of a i Lata Ore A he, value. 9 me a A cides tre fet aly. Kul we he ~ O53. free O55 A)! pssa2tsr nSS8T =A nec 15$3323 7 ; Sn ia p STIS OSTINSE © Tran |e Arilewg tate B fiom ‘to pet B08 oS, YD ef) 4694 TBA (3. _[VM> _[S04b3 fund 4154) Eeyrtts SP Poh ba Ik Nin ty yl +t Tans ie ete To. Lo IS do Uw bo bin, | 0°0 ime 1763 2474. Da sar] _bpiteal_ Gon (0-1) 2 6:0978, Sy (0.2) = 01986 0 3)=0Hss, “baled es vali se etka 21) fe bn (bi — Wy oa ais fell B fd food fl pe. Fy S40 bos ip eR oe » BUSA, oma foo te tos WT ist, bi, Rookery, Razor ey | Scanned with CamScanner ee, ale ae Me eae eh entice es Me 14) ny [-, Ast) = = matey Hatt — NAA ett — i oy Ho) yA be 4,06) Aafe)-2 4 ie He 1A) = ff) “B. Ine ee a sae sa fs — Z = haya eae Scanned with CamScanner a te) (209% t{% ite ah Mes « “6 Apr fftee>)} > Heenl=t [On Bho Aor) bets Pern fem [pei es al ieee Nile Flat a et vo fea ite wr ee ea bevel Pasa: hi je Ficte) -— (n-An} ie & : Hf ot, 0, sino Ef J ahifferente. fel ofpee Hebe (0) fftopa) tar ac) Pep >) ob (4% )fa%4) ~~ (01e%ner) The parr or) Scanned with CamScai ly. “a Me g m fy Called Newton, Ancoleg pein dn fel Une al Foye? pe fe dynded ole the froenusas, fd due Hd {0 }t2)* pe tes ficken, 4 = ’ A, 149 i xr as re 2s 7 son Pe divided Afferwwee fale ay te te Phe) 24) 48 SP 5 an [so 9— y ——— | 244 992 — a rn a _| foo Blo 93 ————| |e 404 a ae AS, Se ae 904, ve pep Neato diwted Ay we bayer pt aa i atte clfenn) = (9%) (9274) 4%) fae 4 a6) t= = Aweve UD (n-A),62 + (x-A)PAHIS-+ be) \(xsf-7 Joi 2) = YR—-lo44 0-0 = 4 S)= AB IS plier loniS-+ plow? = BSD He AQ AgS2-t Ay oxlSt 4e3x| = F48 (1 4 the Fabte Fond Ft) k once (0) New Vers, C 7 {is nd a 2 ans ye [= | 5 5 4 Bp the i 4 fhe pots | etn Is fo eee AZO: ——— Scanned with CamScanner — (he) ou) == (tn) z a Uy Aa ices fap AU, veh | (%1-%0) SM fare mf wer rach) (yt) ~~ (Aa) Ay | 2 | epen )(ra=%) ~~ (a-%n) Scanned with CamScanner a (om) n=) = — (Ant) “tn fats als an (Owe bane rt Pate ae & (Amn) tp ov ‘af. fe yl 7 (uc 4) YF oe te ) (H-n)ervrag “Pa} i te Hat An) fre tap [A-Uacr) a ie ala) (A241) <= (Ane et) lu pajoabin ly Knpven 04 (nga dDapebstin dr Jala” » Lon Lavy ny Japon fercelad ye) i dn dhe Hb Me 1: I Sas } : b 2 : ia — PI Beem ees! Cuem cele) Tie SMlaet) fat) 1 fas) ir4) (21 nA) la) (4-%,) (am) br) (4-20). f, — e ae (a -%) O4-le Tae 1) ie) ab) ee DCM). >t (aes Ala) 5-6) (SAE) enter oe Pyaseo(ei) syn A= lo, Phe wi > sie)13 4 SH) IY le ! a fi (aye) MLS) 43-2) ome ES, 6 = 3 os rh a =i bbbbbs : a a ro2 Scanned with CamScanner {! hi f ( mere A pee jel pi de Stes wi ce 29) ie gals shel. f 4 th (a) Ea “i = 0= x(a 2) -t loa (at- ) 7 a : i¢ t= ee BA v4 We eae sper. : tee a3” Ae hes pret 0:26 soos Oe Cal endef Be, a 2S 0:25 ee! toca so oe ies (9-8:(4-4.2) Tabac yO. | (4.3- 3: N(A2) Lt (2S 4 483.54 - 2052-3, ye Jo_9¢4_ the 2 Paleo | i fle) = 6 : Pe \a0 24 nae esas A Ke 4.bt = (Auot| <1 — 0) = -Ve ‘canned with CamScanner — Ctete (44) nog i nee h Putom the ; 3 7 | BIBS: hen ei foo.0 [oan (0B F Panes 12-80 14-70 Ito VAL iE a a eon, 2B—[2-$o (13-19 (26-12-07) (5E- nn) eS 1138) (4-14-99) (gtr 0F] (4-190) ((280- athe fete: dor AH) _ + Scanned with CamScanner ; al = 12-9) y_1417) | i : ee seb) (ie see 4.91) 14: -|2- $e A VC S& = Zz J2: ro (tote! (4:90) (\hot-19.91) : ly lA.) p—lbst inp — iene May (941 12+ 80) (199 Ta) (1991-17-07) Pt os Bs, Ae |e 1 9)24q34 + OB ADISE +4 4354S 84-7 iTS: + 0:70! po l7R . + | 2azeat — a ple Bem fl 2887 Wheres” — Wr wy ie te ~ _ [Teh 90 eS 63 [ar fps ae See fO_!_ be 30b 0 4068 = 0-443 I Yet, fe 120, 2240 , a SE ea pen, eaGics Pande ON ) Gree — = wt let : 4 - ‘os jl a TE oj. 3 ane ew i rein) % Tada. rb Ae Scanned with CamScanner ws oo = Sh =e See | ce ee ne ree We ile W) Condimuons LT Con be alg ‘ ): 49 wens Asha’ ier en eee oe Lowemience, Ack fel za bet £0 :Tnor turk labintin. ak hea UA fe Sloe a CEE Moar tee (15) = 0845) 70 kfil= z bas Befecens Vietreeens | % bS ane by =) Soo Paes = eT [<0 a5 er Ii Wein [2 iL a Praa Fes y= =: 2488 ——— Ps beet Les WU FISK IS is Scanned with CamScanner Les. betaree 1395 Eran G eda, 2 LRISOTTSIT = 13438 Nts” = —hL (3488) = 0-08%832 70. Toot baer te ie eH =e 1:21S E1343 pera tart ee io fie beot Les belaeim FSIS KBD 7 we ce [SPS at 2 Ib 04 5 mac oale c Fel Bact Luss bAmcen |:>204 & 13282 oy = A (132044 13200) = 1328 1.3243) 2 0 Inte tr eet hes bebrwen, 3243 kU whe (i343) 3982) = 13M? Hes ba} 70 —Tondine he je te Rot Wats bebe 30> LLP —| Apex [304 11343) —1353 — —! FFE) 7O Scanned with CamScanner ; f Ain @ = |-3246 Mp = = 3.298 SoM 2 324ST Hie 32455) 20 — bbe day bimenn TE Ee “Oy My = PB B+ P32 a) 394 ET 2 3247) 20 WR eos He he Loot Lie ca, FO Aye! £ {Bae te1 3249) = Sher ome Apfrrint BRE Panag a hor ua fare 20 dn te ae bo it dtl |( C8) find thw fet LD ie POC a= Co Vedens et (Bete a Yore eve, fo) = O'S Cos Wa) = 0 HSB 4 ee bene Bis lecens 0S eT | me 12 iol =v 0-7) lle) Zo sae ieee Mot dis bectineen 5 Ke 0S Ae o> SOS oa 1b" Scanned with CamScanner eo ah ge bod Le Taio | NoswsZ ae Ty I (25 = bs[0.625) = — be] At (ase 0-450) = 0-697 fey ea 1 Eee cee. 973ADO 0 dg = bite 0 190) = 0: 00S ea tv he] (0:2A29 +0440) 90) = bF3896 Fl pio -=:803305——— me bdinte~ 294 X 0. 749 uy et {0 PAM 1H) 2 LT ear = b Hie TA = 0.00 D001: fu fort his Whnee-d 0.73329 &- 0FF0L “Og 2) [03824 + TY) = 1S lessons 0007S: Wy SUTBE (leet Adecwal | fhees) tha Fuot cy OFAB tienes na Pasaagite Bet Scanned with CamScanner weet EE ae lee ee pe are we lees Litton Mo goer ie a HOME SLE of apa la “wll Te oh Boe ails StGnliony vale fe eg sos vee ine ino b He mod Tai a Ma) a 2 lim 20 Pf) alate At) =é-3 = We 0k | Scanned with CamScanner Scanned with CamScanner [1 &// 88 sie c = cae Fee i: ay? a pe cpa fin ti ol of pyeo Se =< Wweyd Hid = oe nae we VAlug sole fist bet — ua Vie cbr Asaf pan oo it {)2 a2 et alee, fo)zlene | [Wel — pte 025 fit —§ _____— = |-2963 pISsea Te nenl FOh = Hee a 0.7 : At 7) 1 oe te Sia) — borate) | Homa) — 10) = 0A = 0.25420 ss as) = Dln 420) = -0.000342- ani sade Libs: bebheom 0 UA5%20 Scanned with CamScanner ( to ) vay dnf(o- 2sqne)— 8 ssf 4 (0.5499 — fe os} = =p. 9SA20. 7 =T 000 ee 0.0000 )2-926 t (0° 29510) Z9 a6) 0 te ‘id Asie Ze yAlorflo |) 242 i bleh =3b a) 5 paviehe LSE & | a 2 %)- > TOBA SL pal “a 9) I) iy) H.23136-+ OOIFIOF es ee al i f DIABHO a 24407) 224402» ley (2-40 ia fle fe Fo 27 eae Hi job hen beter 274021! & 3 a ALq4or 2 AyD | Scanned with CamScanner : —— 9 qt Gt Bap 90038505 ee ath 13 at 0. 600 38908 f : ke s Bt 2 eHoleT : _$33 1S —— tel) 2 0: 000/978 ' 2) belween 5 22 1X YH 624 744 02 f{(2 Tb )_= Hob a | ioctl) = 2:44.02). co “epadeanmill 82 qaekr 60003605 eee ~— potnoll 998 + 00038905 uae 2 0 N13 SP 5 —O-000SDY 03 e se hl KE are s by by See “Chi wed 4. uae 7 d Fs . = 7 Aeeetaptie cet ® fe a J a \ Pence oe b- ¥im : S ta the (of Peabo. prition, aie ; lege: Scanned with CamScanner Sah ated cf par yo" Mati « be iach Caylee Uctt ‘ oe an. podions, vA rare tee value. of "h et ) | Scanned with CamScanner h fi Whey rn =D Heston tft Aw we uy Ue, me « rele ¥ — frit Sheet ay fmt an oe ee Je), approinaty f fs = q Scanned with CamScanner 2 BA 7a penis = Bay : a pot in LB (find ie tine en, bu B30) 3 better | Lbs Her ected) eri wpa band BM Ay eel cn on tet! Ala je net 4 9 fej= a froot divs etree ORL asl : “dhe baat Hy WEAN tel . ; ae ete 2 ty ace ed cor bs6ecees ApS ; = 4pnb orb: oe he Up: PrC4 03) = 4_- : >[0: Pw) —6 = BUSA OM = 0 F327] Ai ZADD|Z 6S~ ‘he, Feet ia, Fi pee lee Stes ifr er Pep bao Metco Bot Corn l= 0 hy fed pk fer 9 tas Ware the bof ooo K Lies bition DEE Scanned with CamScanner indy oneal Me a pp tlre tt | hag | Beet Af ' 1 fpinla ied be “\ jen 1 ger 7 Fae Pan) . (tn) ral EY a) dy te lope of He hive p ( ty) & antes Agee fey lhe ae ki Al [amen o) oe A Avid ef fin)>o ek « mal fic Lp did X08) abs eet of f= B put dig a ut tra Aedt of pifad> 0 wilh iol i ff > dn Me ‘i av, } Mon PT ryt } he, He Bodie, =| Ti fal the baw. valu 4 Yu 1 ee at \ : ratte ay by chosen bese. to The Aeloal Aorf Attic doubte- dert of HSA IASON = 0 et rit yp memer te | S~ An D2yt—Si0 9b ot Oba G24 me 2 ff Songins + oe et ae Pay = 4 alae sn p9-2ta 006) { n= |o-Ba-t Ve 2b a ere ee —| IA logan? T TD higy O12 ory 4 LONE Ta LOB D2 Net cece, 3%. 712966. oe 24 Wy MEM whe f na wal 7 dence # pre deca's| kay ie re fea prin Hl cel of the cfotlorny r nw Analo ; Max212%) HEAL, loca er”. Scanned with CamScanner lott ‘ay = 2 HO poe ella toy a He a ew. Soe ave a Legorre ess Soi we gh a blew pee 28 BS ecled ni We pe pe, pl oO eae 7- — Wega anda [eres -b= be tee lt = it es eS Sepals = : Peed Sue Bact Pe — a : s “bhen? Ca ois bbe ie ete | “Wit ae td ise S Te ez Se a “a ores LA ee al ic 4 te TAY, To-G4b26> Scanned with CamScanner e ane ea) ha, Mau ie (he Th! eee Aah, Me Ti Masia 2) : a pone S| | wie flog 4 po wal Curne. ota), VAL SToe- Se SBP SH ST ShE wa 37004 _ 3S 3.7503. 3749 3:%030_ 3-825! the ue azse Awen_ the table a 5 ne) Kshyioee Pin) oof 91250, we Mve- Scanned with CamScanner 4. , i ew oe Mir Bibiined! Se a ! “co _| Beto ole y ~ 6] es 124} 9. 00F 9 Papp eo _shesnite y past tmp EEE PS g-9s38— 600 0: 0.00 risa Ea Si fit Hed + ie bl Bae t aS Spe pee pele) Oe BIS 43 ar r sia A pe t, eae = A- Ho, bigot Mead bp iz =SO- be pus) » 0-003 & v1 ae J 0: 1245 ee ] | (le == pies —— erp (0 fis) = o-tt0 =a oe Scanned with CamScanner ( . ( bp Netting prcfenand, pclarfalalion ies —F An): Ee v-o= dL Sohrs Tit t Wier a f i “t $.9002) pO - lin ea Cs cn eben. BEE nin Mee pi of Bh pin y 193] 194 as 1761 FL yf Ap. bobo Go. 9. —[0350— 13265 ve (a eo) a aval Sr By Bes wy Stk 0a St at a -4%__46- a = $6 /€0 $3 yg ab = - + SA 200 Jol 4 as ce Scanned with CamScanner er a-bt i) + Lael fa He =o: oe Tes doa Ad he wmdAl, on ee Onde, ps4 i pS t= =k =f Be OB <2 — hb < 5 ae q i eh ap Te Mas : a | ye tte: sesh (ete =) L | M te3s, rd 125 0d Wel im A =e KO, =I Ba tT, y he | ae ferred?) ieee nay Leads to 3B220+ 0. 1833] aes Byer 431664 Scanned with CamScanner Aba penal oy 7 =< ted ld Pi he BE =o a a fe Ee FREE ae a? I ji a apt ce aH) vba) Bie) “po Bey 0 A } z [2b 35 % tL o—- i Te 0 4. yol HS re | 4 i ert ft Scanned with CamScanner classmate, dined Afbrtme, p= ta) =t (12) Flaca.) + CA) (a7) Fat). + (4%) (94 ae ayph)ier Teg Ee) T+ (n-0)faa}fa-3) [e0t— RAW tA ne Be US —s— Te ie One nr jinerg tRegew ae Et Neca he fel fo mM) in A God the value! ef 10 ea fin ee ff Br 292 4B 404 377 J then Be valas HT if) Wong Cal or ta ae ies wot g-0S 0-06 Tp. fea [err Ol D1 ol >> O48 4 ray Lhe Nelue of & pluck p ly Wiininnttnn fe 4 jae alae a tu. A: oto Obs 0%? Ds Lo lobo oblss obi29__0. 6/70 Tas Ayey Walon perrends fhe wloeshy'V oa lel 4 mn fhe Linea, t Speed fvrd Hh, gctsbrenct bl ; a teh Ae AT Sel shee bo Scanned with CamScanner | 0 tle " Nuwghieat, i gation \ . = We Rt that we fa) dx. 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Ae=hf@ y) Ayaka hfe tmh, y+ mk) and le Ay=ak + bk where a, b and m are constants to be of Ay. Expand ky and Ay in powers of h. Expanding k,, by Taylor series for two variables, we h; ” lave k= =hf (e+ mh, y+ mk) =o[ sane (ma Seem 5, = ell y | (ra em) | mh=—+mk, =- | = ox 1 3y |F A Fem f+ mig + +] | determined to of) get the bette; I acy My 2! since fy | Ek 2 - f+ mh (f,+ff,) +~ higher powers of h i / Substituting k,, k, in (7), Ay=abf+ b[hf+ mi? (+41) +00?) | = (a+b) hf+bmh (f+ A ‘ f,+ff,) + O(n) Equating Ay from (4) and (10), we get lit Scanned with CamScanner ical Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations ri 381 ern ehf+ mh (f,+4h) + higher powers of h 9) gubstituting kr ke in ™, syeatt+8| [ure mi? (f, +4) + ou] a+ by hf+ bmi? f+ ff,) +O) (10) equating Ay from (4) and ey we get atbel and bm=> we) ow we have only two equations given by (1) to solve for three jow unknowns & By ™ prom a+b= a= 176 and also m= using (7), 0 y= (1-5) hy + bk where ky =hf@y) Ay neti[erg 4) Ay=y +h) -¥@) Now Ay lee ay eth) =y @)+ (1 ~ 5) f+ bhf x+5R +55 ie per =Iat LB) ALS Cn Yn) Ley in . . + wis(s +55 Yat apf Ow 0) ow) - From this general second order Runge-Kutta formula, setting 1 eter . 2 =0,b=1,m=" we get the second order Runge-Kutta algorithm as k= hf oy) _ =hf(x+thy+4k,) | Second order RK. algorithm & 2hi*2 and Ay=K, where h= Ax. Since the derivations of third and fourth order Runge-Kutta algorithms are tedious, we state them-below for use. The third order Runge-Kutta method algorithm is given below: k=hf(y) hans(rtghye yh) k=hf(xthy+2bQ-k) Third order RK. algorithm dy =4 (e+ ky +s) Scanned with CamScanner 382 Numeric ‘The fourth order Runge-Kutta method algorn Ney, otherwise mentioned, It is HH FS mo ny Mitly Ms ted i problems un! y» keh nens(erghrrah) L 1 keh cabaret gh) 4 tener Fourth ona 7 RK. kyahslet hay th) algoritn and AVS #22 yoermer or Working Rule: To S0!V¢ Ge YY f(x,y).) Co) =o: Calculate k= Zhf (Yo) 1 b= mora Yor Mt k=hf| mat hhvot gla ky hf loot yorh) ah +2et 2th) and Ay= where Ar=h. Now y=Yot AY: Now starting from (1) ‘and repeating the process, We gt (xp Y2) ete Note 1. In second order Runge Kowa method, by h= aisvor pnts wwe sBapethfco0) = 0+ Avo= =wthi(o Bagge nse) ‘This is een the Modified Euler method. wat So, the Runge-Kutta method ‘of second order is nothing Modified Euler method. ie te 2 USES fn. be. only a function * alone, then the fo™ Note * Runge? “reduces t0 Scanned with CamScanner 0 Ln. Kathe, Metter ‘itl nvath, prdey, bat, wetted ty fc y 5 pita, foal fo tae i ye faxe vi ne merlfiened 4 thes Questor, Ted ae pees | 6 path, pay Wa. bhi, nae ib) = (01% “ye v1 inshed nee ee AY ork, Ise Ss Vk iene shag) eel - med f(mrth, +L ; » LSS) O)fons-+ Foss] & 0: NaS me ‘iltos) = (0.1) I loS]= 0. Irs f(0: (47K TOR + be (0: |e0.22 +)227o+ D205) = =I: 110341667 - JO) = pact dg = lin34 eet = jleate “toh coking fk aa j Be ( ba acl ge \ ie ier 0. fast (0-15; brv8S4) ext) 2 01320859 2 WIfolS + 4] anette ee aa Wiehe 048 ford Yel) re (yee 278 te) es |. d424 fo FAA BIo08] “pond 7), Goo REE pes N02) = boa 4 of=0+1, 0:2 Us Rk tithe we eS uaa re Gi fran a sre a Yeoh ee ; fia | Hene- af MA Or for! te 0l) 20.2 Cat ele ea fot)= (eE%] 2 h{(%, y a{al 0.05, 09S he nae re = His Ay bang 0S ! iy Ne 905) faplcing (o4 4) by Basi (o)(-0 ane Z 10s. Foor h mabe) rs wattle Sheers " ey i Rabie a cl ee PRS AP fat h pole) eye hy hf (Hoth fer By) = (oi) OHO ; Ic oi reo Scanned with CamScai 8 ie evel SSA oan) ee 02: ae ‘ | : ore \ \ Hie(eatles a 0S 0-9 2-0-0958 b, fo: iE fons 01525) nae be = P09 S9S tte Flourhy pik) = oi) Pea, 090495) hy ee (R93 apes De et Op a 17 ker Ast) 4B is bem. (%y 0) i hep 4) & Apert he hdfat = (oi) acter oe Be Mout ti By) el Heisasteas) a ee 7s 1H: trdoic| Rwlh orvley 0: 40485 DF1SF309F |! Scanned with CamScanner Pf i LO: Baa Ybb @ | =(y- I pee) poe fe 21 Ab eh b4 4 f afer) > Es dew 20, = 02% 2.052 ae Kutt. Melloeh af frat onder, Solve - GAN ~ oe | spay Ai} “Me % P OKy er Z a ona = (0-1) f, (0.05, 09975, ~ 0.0499) = (0:1) (~ 0.0499) = — 0.00499 1, = hf, (0 05,0-9975, — 0:0499) == (0-1) [(0.05) (~ 0.04991) + 0:9975] 0.09950 if, (xg th. Yo + ha, to + A) 1) f, CO 1, 0.99511, ~ 0.0995) 0-1) (~ 0.0995) = — 0.00995 ae hf, (0.1,0-99511,- 0 994) (0.1) [— ( (0-1) (0.0995) + O9951TE | =~ 0.0085 yy) = + Ay=1 + t (0 + 2(- 0.004) + 2.¢ 060499) =~ 09-0099 5 » =0-9950 fF y (1) =0-9950. EXERCISE 114 Evaluate using Runge-Kutta methods. Unless otherwise mentioned, use fourt! order R.K. method. i Find y (0:2) given 2 =y—x,y (0) =2 taking h=01 gy, 2, Evaluate y (1-4) given Fe ETH D=2. |. Obtain the value of y at x=0-2 if y satisfies S_dyenyO=! taking h=0-l. 4, Solve gan for x= 1-4, taking y (1) =2,h=0-2. 5, Solve: ior given y(0)=1, to obtain y (0-2). 6. Solve the initial value problem ‘Scanned with CamScanner 304 Maer a M = 202,00) =1 with h=02 on the interval ¢, 06) 5, at order R.K. method. % 7. Evaluate for y (0-1), ¥ 02), (0-3) given ae t O deny Oh 'y, & y(1)= 1 for y (1-1) taking h= 005 9, Find (0°). (1.9 HS). 2) RING =O given yt Ty) se 120+ yO) cvaluate y (1-2) and y(1-4) given =P 7 OE, 10, Evaluate y (1-2) Fare 2020. . on Ay 2 My LL. Find y for x= 0-2 (0-2) 06 given 7 =1+y?, y(Q)=9, , ven 12. Find y (0-2) given G_=— 2949 (0)= I, taking h=0.2 by Rx ad Methog order. a uy 13, Find y (0-1), (0-2) given y=x~2y, yO) =1 taking 4=9, order, third order and fourth order R.K. method, BA=01 by ey, it .2 (0-2) (06) by R.K method given Ty 14, Determine y at x= y@=0. 15. Find y (0-2) given ye3rtd yy (0) =1 by using Runge-Kutta method of 4th order, 16. Solve y’ =xy+1 as x= 0-2, 04,06 given y(0)=2, taking h= 9 17. Given yaPadyyQ=2 find y (1-1), y (1-2). Solve 10y’=x7 +y", given y (0) =1 for x=0-1 (0-1) (03). Solve 8y’=x+y" given y(0)=0-5 for x=0-1 (0-1) (0-4), dy dz 20. Solve the system: =z + 1, 4 =— xy for x=03 (03) (09) taking x=1 (KU 155 y=0,2= 4 21. Solve: Dartg Gary given y (0) =0, 2(0)=1 for x=0.01002 uisy h=0-4. 4 22. Solve few # ¥?, given y(0)= 1,2 (0)=1 for x=0 (02)(04) 4 _%, yaya132()! dy 23. Evaluate y (1-1), z (1-1) given Gam? é exyth 107! 2A. Using R.K. method determine x (0-1), y (0-1) given Scanned with CamScanner yymerica Solve yx P+) | Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations 395 Sliyex, y()=-1. a dt d) Find x (0-1). (01) given S-=2x-+y, Gary, aiven x (0)=0,y()=05. 0 using R.K. method for x=0:2 ‘given y()=1.y" (0) =0, taking h=0-2. Find y (0-1) given-y” = y*, y (0) = 10, y” (0) =5 by R.K. method. Find y (0-1), y @2) given y”— xy’ - 2ry= 1, O)= Ly @=0. Find y (0-1) given y” + 2xy’ — 4y =0, y (0) =0-2, y’ (0) =0°5. |. Obtain the value of x (0-1) given dx _tdx axe as =3, =0. a eo x 0) |. Compute the value of y (0-2) given y’=-y,yO=LY O=0. Scanned with CamScanner aft he) Na ae ine U sf Au Cos torre & tos. frie iv i eget ene ‘ fe fod te rf lt op ieee privet, Finale tun fo Hidde: od Pacdutor: ‘hi,p = aa A [55h- ny, 23tY. ay J Correct, ! Ina efrk Lager i Sa Be J & Lave & get yoy que p< be 2 YN) = 3545, Yh sje % Hs “y a oe yon eho, ae Here 20,205, % * ‘he 46 2. bb, he S95 ha TI i) Recent oe Pom BD oT ale | (estd: Gi= iste Cr S\r Je 2: 636 ‘= “zeal ee ‘= ne ie wed £ 2 by Kins prediction, ee aa the Te] te peht typ eh t el Sb 8 at 4] 4.468 205 [sb 5 2.340) — $9 (2.2495) ) 39{ HSbR0) 40) t= = ee) > ned gq) = 44354 by cone era athe Syth Pr 2b “ 4. aed 5 ab gy = Re Ty en Scanned with CamScanner J ceonsins] Be Usnag bAdau’s Method , find 4) Gen fe toy 0) See eee yfof> por, sla)= janns© = d, Mel wa OA to ot. & fee eho, = 1022) tf = ho23, 4=? ve tes ire fhedcetov ee 4 K-51, pty !> Th] De ped ste “sag, 1304-14] —O me ear bi) (hor) > 0050S” le imh = foxgftos) ed [02 ead 7 omy = (0:3)(923) a 0: BAS Vers © Yap oh ee [sso fo-1535)2S1(bo>) 4370» s05)-4(0)] = |. 04 typ 2 both im ay (rote) = 0. 20e1b bp bdamds Corrector frrwnle Bane = tr & [IB 7K 5H} wo dew +3106 of 4] e010 SPS] : a hs gb faeren) 7009 cog} 5010) i e ts f ia “alot ee FF ae = |2n Welrnt, tie 2atet ye vat Scanned with CamScanner wpe haan + (02) (4429) 4 (2P osoal ler ages © = |.59% eke (02) + + (whey - (ooh fle . on cay tty & cor) + (0897) yo nbe Yo Not he = al, Wenthe 4424 Ye anth= 1992+ Y,p aisanat bE oe [ss( (1.9824) ) 59 (4-429)4 32 = 434 )-9(0637)] ob Sora x gaat) ar19(1-9834) pests] | ot 2 %t bh ‘hae = hse te Fin DL: 0434 og) a 20454 2 1,(o1), (62) bin td and Qt ot lg netted.” & Goin oe Reh, 10> 21, Prne Y(or) ny Pers fo oH ear i Cynen po aby l= ase ob y(t} 24649 (i3)2 LPIA, use, hd pais ovultiod yr) comet to + | 0 0 0- + yal, Fe “secon Met Scanned with CamScanner

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