iFour Consultancy
XML
web Engineering ||
winter 2017
wahidullah Mudaser Lecture 11
[email protected]
Introduction to XML
OUTLINE
What is XML?
The main difference between XML and HTML
XML Simplifies Things
Features of XML
Efficiency of XML
Examples
What is XML
XML stands for EXtensible Markup Language
XML is a markup language much like HTML.
XML was designed to describe data.
XML tags are not predefined in XML. You must define your own tags.
XML is self describing.
XML uses a DTD (Document Type Definition) to formally describe the data.
XML Does Not DO Anything
The XML above is quite self-descriptive:
It has sender information.
It has receiver information
It has a heading
It has a message body.
But still, the XML above does not DO anything. XML is just information wrapped in
tags.
Note
To: Khalid
From: Ahmad
Reminder
Don’t forget me this weekend!
Difference between XML and HTML
XML is not a replacement for HTML.
XML and HTML were designed with different goals:
XML was designed to describe data and to focus on what data is.
HTML was designed to display data and to focus on how data looks.
HTML is about displaying information, XML is about describing information.
XML Simplifies Things
It simplifies data sharing
It simplifies data transport
It simplifies platform changes
It simplifies data availability
Many computer systems contain data in incompatible formats.
Exchanging data between incompatible systems (or upgraded systems) is a time-
consuming task for web developers.
Large amounts of data must be converted, and incompatible data is often lost.
Cont…
XML stores data in plain text format. This provides a software- and hardware-
independent way of storing, transporting, and sharing data.
XML also makes it easier to expand or upgrade to new operating systems, new
applications, or new browsers, without losing data.
With XML, data can be available to all kinds of "reading machines" like people,
computers, voice machines, news feeds, etc.
Feature of XML
Elements have both an opening and a closing tag
Elements follow a strict hierarchy, with documents containing only one root
element
Elements cannot overlap other elements
Element names must obey XML naming conventions
XML is case sensitive.
Efficiency of XML
XML will improve the efficiency of data exchange in several important ways, which
include:
write once and format many times
hardware and software independence
write once and exchange many times
Faster and more precise web searching
data validation
10 reason to use XML
1. XML is a widely accepted open standard.
2. XML allows to clearly separate content from form (appearance).
3. XML is text-oriented.
4. XML is extensible.
5. XML is self-describing.
6. XML is universal; meaning internationalization is no problem.
7. XML is independent from platforms and programming languages.
8. XML provides a robust and durable format for information storage.
9. XML is easily transformable.
10. XML is a future-oriented technology.
Example
Questions?
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