KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA NO.
1, BHUBANESHWAR
(1ST SHIFT)
MATHEMATICS ART INTEGRATED PROJECT
SESSION – 2020-21
PROBABILITY
Name – Shradha Suman Mohapatra & Anwesha Kar
Class & Section – XII B
Subject – Mathematics
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Shradha Suman Mohapatra (Roll No 10) and Anwesha Kar (Roll No 11), Class XII
B of Kendriya Vidyalaya No.1, Bhubaneshwar (1st Shift) have successfully completed their project titled
‘Probability’ during the academic year 2020-21 in partial fulfilment of the Mathematics Art Integrated
Project.
Signature of Internal Examiner
Signature of External Examiner
Signature of Principal
INDEX
Ser No Topic Page Nos
1 Introduction 1-3
2 Conditional Probability 4
3 Independent Event 5-6
4 Bayes’ Theorem 7
5 Random Variables and Probability Distribution 8
6 Bernoulli Trials 9
7 Binomial Distribution 10
8 Conclusion 11-13
9 References 14
Introduction
Probability means possibility. It is a branch of mathematics that deals with the occurrence of a random
event. The value is expressed from zero to one. Probability has been introduced in Maths to predict
how likely events are to happen.
Conditional Probability
The conditional probability of ‘A’ given ‘B’ is the probability that event ‘A’ has occurred in a trial of a
random experiment for which it is known that event ‘B’ has definitely occurred.
Independent Events
In probability, two events are independent if the incidence of one event does not affect the probability of
the other event. If the incidence of one event does affect the probability of the other event, then the
events are dependent.
Bayes’ Theorem
Let E1, E2,…,En be a set of events associated with a sample space S, where all the events E1, E2,…,
En have nonzero probability of occurrence and they form a partition of S. Let A be any event associated
with S, then according to Bayes theorem,
Random Variables and Probability Distribution
A random variable is a real valued function whose domain is the sample space of a random
experiment. The probability distribution for a random variable describes how the probabilities are
distributed over the values of the random variable.
Bernoulli Trials
A random experiment whose outcomes are only of two types, say success S and failure F, is a
Bernoulli trial. The probability of success is taken as p while that of failure is q=1− p.
Binomial Distribution
Suppose a random experiment with exactly two outcomes is repeated n times independently. The
probability of success is p and that of failure is q.
Conclusion
Probability plays a vital role in the day-to-day life. In the weather forecast, sports and gaming strategies,
buying or selling insurance, online shopping, and online games, determining blood groups, and
analysing political strategies.
References
1. NCERT Mathematics – Textbook Class XII (Part – II) 2. Mathematics for Class XII - R S Aggarwal 3.
Mathematics for Class XII – R D Sharma 4. Google Scholar Articles on Probability 5. Wikipedia
