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Fluid Mechanics Short Note

Good morning sir ji ki hardik shubhkamnaye

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kavita tiwari
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837 views31 pages

Fluid Mechanics Short Note

Good morning sir ji ki hardik shubhkamnaye

Uploaded by

kavita tiwari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
Fiuid Mechanics § Rocket Pocket notes FLUID MECHANICS —e lehith “rave Cleat reper: Lotsp-« Asphalt , Btlumen . Newtonian Fluid —s fitter Newton's low off Viscosity « Lees Dae, Kearin, Waker, Riv, Giertne 5 Ng » Petratiam Of ete. # Suyface-Tension ‘~ Sufaue Tain isa fine Free which ect normal to Line chaon en surfate and Lies tn Plone of surface. +t Dthe poberty of Lauid by virtue of which i Abies do minimize the Surface > ee: cE Twin foe | Wit Wn Bp: Sphere b__ Unit venath| timention + [ery + Safate Brea = 4” Gane oF Surfarr Tension =+ Coherive fence - + Tent + Gatien} + 04 « Safe Shogy (E) = Sorfar Tensin (6) X Change fn Surface Area C48) LEN, ry he aa) Unit > Tae fen? Buide > Droplet > a) one. s Prenure dnside > “T tiquid 2 [ Tiguid Deeplet | Mquid Bubble Note: Surface Tension of weer Interface =F 00523 Nin @ Lo’ < OST N > 400 Swafay, Tension of water - Merny Interface =p 0.5 ihe © eee + Cobitlanity The wise & fall of Liquid when amall dia dube i Immesed in Ws Kootenay Gabiltosity « Nein < Lemm) Capllany Rese —s Adhesion > Cohesion [wetting Fluid » 6 < 9e") 4 fall —» Cohesion Balhesion [Nen-tzetling fluid , © > 907] — Expremion foy Gpillany Rite @) Fall + = 40G@6 T| G+ Grlact Argle : $9. [is d+ dia of Gbillary Tube —*Eipenion For Ghilteny Rite for Porelel Plate + f= 2568 +t -+ divlance bho Plates St = Nate: [Thay = the) +|hyss= titi] + [ho] offemptetennion}-o} + 24) + fhe Cae +> [o4 + se} +4 1] wT itary Qi marke (Bmaee 4 Far may Ghitany Rise =» [8=r b+(fnu Tae) > Bad —o Glos 8 Cre water Enterface B=(2G— 197°) —+ Glamr- Macuny dnferface - B= (21-25) > Clon Noval Later sdnterfae - 4 Nabor Premure & Cavitetion ~ . + Defends pen “Temb & Premmne, Cond” &eecurs becaure of ercabing of moleaules trough the Fee Lipid suyface + © Gavitelion i due te Vapour Penure-** . +Pronne of any Liuid at hich vapour wt ahat GHD Being rare called 4 is defind ca the Nene) Race exeed by Fhid ger unit fhea- Writ of pemure +, Nin? = Pascal © 1Bar= t0° Pa \ Ledm= 401325 fa. = Hoomm of Ug = 1033 of tho © ST = Lmmef Hy Column 0 ANGE = *BL¥tet NL em? me 4 PST= 6888 | 4 aden © 14:42 PST 4 Raval's Lour=> 4} vides thet promure & Prerne-dntensity, at apeint ha aodic Fluid i equal in all directions A Hydvortedig Lan => ~ kT atic aad + _. St ateder thect, dn different ahabe containers with the Same bare aren which one filled with a Liquid of same eight athe abled force by Deed onthe tae of each, cartainey is etotty the Rame.- # Tipe. of Rene + 4. Mmospheic Premure > Premwe exerted by Environmental Mon * 2. Abtohte Nemure + Preawe menue wort: Zero-tevel- 2, Gauge Prevure —+ Prewine meaujed ort atmospheric mrenure Level. 4. Vacuxme Prewure—+ Negetive, eye preae called Vatcume presture Palos. Fotin* Gauge fass,= Pain Povaamel Nate! fabs @ Senlevel @15'C —> 401.325 kde Fluid Mechanics ros Rocket Pocket notes 4 Measurements of freaue ‘~ Measurement Devices F ised for aa Cavometer Ceverked By “Terie mations Tee re [Used fomeusne Local aelmaspheic Presue) ; Aeurden Nacume Diahioago Tye Grange “Tube Mechanical Gauge Simile Manem eter Wiferential Manemetey q T 1 a, emeky — Ulabe Single Clamp senile Urabe differential “Twated Manomeley —-Mangmeler Manometey _ Maromeler Wtube oi ee [Ht measure High © Mancriete, ‘dndined Medium remure of. + Deaton re te Me ME) meting Law +fleometererellged to mentute mederate Crauge Prearure- Piterence- sit canlt mecaure Vacame prenure and Gas pronure- + dia of Tabe > Lomm Ek Gee =Sah =n —+ leTibe Monomeler tced fo mentite 4) £4) sgt penne & Wgh Prerure ak —Dileential Monometert $t memue prenure differences Uw Teo fiber. two points tn a aingfe pipe: AUhy we Ure Hy (Mong) 3a _manomehie Fluid —* + dt fon mas” Demity, due dotehich Prowure hend ds Le: + Loo \pbour Pressure «High Surfore “Teraion + Trmiseile with ofher Lyuids + * * Buoyancy & FLOATATION : » Archimedes Printible —* When a body ib inmened either partially @ Gorfletely A Shen the net vertical face exerted by Ahir Fluid un the body is Known 95 Burgpnegy Fence - This Guayanty free is equal to weight of tte Fluid displaced * Gerhve of Buen <> 4 iy the poovt Trem which force of busyoney 18 Aubesed fo be acts $4 Gres ot Cenhe of gravity of ARplaced Fuld . @ Fluid Mechanics ros Rocket Pocket notes . Buoypnyy ig dug. to promure lifference- Prine of Folatin-» (Say Pint abut whith body stants oxeitlaking when amall pa deformation i given. cto celne ‘. Mebceric Heght-? distance ba Geet apt escent) & Coe (Hof the by: islance bha Gh foe fe arr, seer hia Time. Periecl of oxcitlating, of Body + Kamin” Radius of Gyrection praca T+ dime of ene complete oscileon Note’ Metacentiic Height Sor volling cond” will be Bers than, {ssi tye i ‘em forl Zene$ Metacenhic Height for pikhi Gnd". + Pitching —+ Oveleion about Wanwerse Axis + © Rang —» Dron abut Lengitetial Ants + Yaslig.—+ Bsilation about Tionsverse Ata (Peendiaufar tothe Plane) # Spbility Cquilibium—> “ Rest aest ZrO, \cge/ 2 yee | fetale equ] Wrekle Spit’) [Neuhal Squilibdum LZM =o t Eyuilibriewn Corl" => ‘ ina Gens” [ Sbmeged Body Floating Rody : Stable Bk above M above G ‘ Ureiabfe B is below Hak G | ; Neutral [B&G (oincde M AG Ceincide ‘ < Mefacenic Height fox Various, Shits = SC TMerchant Ship=» < 47 + Battle ship =» <2" ceygoanip re . Soitking Ship => < 15m © River Boat=— <3:5m) * Gngoshi is Oe . e Fluid Mechanics . 4 Hydroshat foxes on Plane Surfaces => *Hhyhostatic face -+ The fone everted by the make Fluid ,vchen abody expesed to it+ sCenbie of pemure-+ SE is the point fiom which the Tefal Kydrartetic force is aubposed te be acting - —rTojal fhewure & CP. fav Submaged Plane at different surface _posilins 4 Centre of Premure hws X [etal Premure [Force FHSghk = Wat Gavfoce fh sien Fy = SQ lVolume) disection + Fue % ean’ rere Cf "8 Goromehic thoberties of Somme Imberfant Plane Surface — [Carbe of Gravihy fame Cathe of fresue] — frea of Plane | Yer 2d* fizb.d 4 : F.< sh ak Tep= St ne db T= B A= bh Fp = SL - “3 n= BE \ Fuge (SE) A (ast), XG wg a" Oa [Per ar 6 Sy A= ae, Tear ott — @ Fluid Mechanics | = Rocket Pocket notes v5 roe FWID KINEMATICS oFiuld Flow is analyzed, by auring > ‘ : U) Lagrangian Abpyeach —* Study the anation of Singhe Fluid Panicle. diy Culenian Abbveach —» Shady the Fluid puberty at particular cow aeckion- Types of Fluid Row > ate) oe iy shoddy Fluo =» ud property Uke ersty (6) , prenune (p) » velocity (7) e8, : ‘i ime. + Ww _ = ore ‘not change ith Hime {H-0, os Syre diy Uncheady Flew =e Fluid ry chor ith ime: 2 a. iy Unihem Pro? Ata given dime, Fluid peperty does net change wat space: ( 2s) Constant | | Gy) Nov-uniferm Plow Mt a qin time, lid property changer with resect to Space. [ t= orstan 0} &) Lamiray Fio=sFluid particles ‘move alon well-defined path Stream -Line and all the Atveambines ove. abet & parallel » Adjacent Saye dyer not Cros-each ether - + Alke Known cs Sheam-Line Flow G® Wisous Flow. wis Turbulent Flow=r Fluid Particles moves fr a Zig-Zag @®) in Pandan order Vii) Compremsible Flumt Density of Plaid changes From (aint ste point @ Denity 15 not conslard ty Fluid Flew. ip + cael) fe @ Flow - . : $= Constart Gy Gelatienal Plew=> Fluid utiles relate about theiy ston we in beth fhe chuuloy a well as Abeght Line motion dusting Flow along, Mvreamtine: [To — Viscous Mow} G)Tretational Flow =» Fluid Rurticles dees no} volele akeut thelr oon axts im both chewlay aa voell as abraight Nene molten. [t=0 oN Vg we | wii) Ancompressibile Flew => Density Yemaing Contant tn Fluid @ Fluid Mechanics | - Rocket Pocket notes _Sheam-Line i~ ds an Ing inary line @) Cuwe drawn in ance Auch that , 0. argent craton fo Hat any petot glvers the velocity vector, od thed pot - + Two tham-line can never intersect to each other: + Cquation of stream-Line =» [dx - dy - dz & c ys wperse de = for 2-D Flow 4 fat Line '~ $15 a path traced bya “single fuel gs fovkicle’ et Moor tnstart of Himes Ht follus langrangian Ahpoach. A s toate 17 6G HSheak-line® $f is the Louw of venous Fluid particles poring Ainough & a fixed get (dament Line) pret tine sfream-line ele! fv Shady Pts > Aired pst path bine rT ‘i sheak, th & Steam Une cointide with eachother. + * Seek Hine Neloci: ~ 4 Nelocity Vector ¢ U-+ \lduiily Component in x-direction + Velocity Cemnbonent i Y- Aivection Wo Vebodly Component in Ze direction: ta, LETTE Ms som A AeceReration Vector !- = ir atrafrat 4» Peceleradion component tn X-diverbion : i y+ Aedleredion Component in Yedivecting Fesaon, Joh +e | tit 42+ Recleetien eomporer in Z-ciscliog fur 8-0 & Wncheady Flow —o aud ay ek a di aug ty at! + ces « m oxi, av 4y ve vay ye A Wing, axedleradion =—b Convective . 0
y ad | e\ ~+ Lal Temporal ease 3 is defined an the rode of incrense of Veluily uyt Time at a given point in a Flew field - “Convective Neieleadion=+ 4H it defined as the rete of change af velocity due to change of position of Fuld particles ina fluid flow F_Disthage ED Rate of Flow ee ume _ V Unid +m [Sec . = Quantity of Fluid Q= | Didage (a) hal Sao “Hime = t Dinero s(t] Ai fivea of Flow [a=av} Vt mean Veloiity Mays Flow Recte (tn) > . [em oR BY Unit > Kg /Sec mon =8Q= $49 ~~ ime” Ymewion-» [ra !} * = es > (Cased on conservation of Mays)** 7 Foy Steady XCompenibte Plow ~ u TREN Sly mie eA (S= Constant) sifu Rita Sun TE ~ Ope Generalized. om of tontinaiy Rquatten: ee Stent “4 & Tocombvewibile Plow + (= Constant ) Be Rhesoad Rote! « Continuity equation i valid ov Ailtybes of Flouy - + Af any Flow satisfies Continuity eqn then Flo i posible othersise het pit dias oF _fww Toca fab Fede the faced [fetal [ras Rackerabor Steady & Uniferm Flew 0 fi @ Uniforn Flows Lscal [sai & Non-tiniform Flow Taal + Gonvective Steady & Nen- uniform Mews Conveckive For 3-D Flow a OS Mecnanics _ Rocket Pocket notes via _Neluity fetection (0) “5 His defined asthe movement hh of i axis relate In the “tel clement Tn auch @ tory that bol eI 4 i ' jay _ Bu 2B] hain w xs ne, ++ [e= 3 (Bx~ 8 ; D8). Rafeton in ¥-2 Mane, -»[Uxe= 2 (Se 2 afer Inelational Flow -+ res ez [ee=Wy= 2 = e] » Rotation in Z-X Plane +} wy 3(8-F + for deal Flows No vlation Ik dene . # Civawatien(J2)'- Sf ix the line Antegral of Aangentia! component of (Gite! Gamma) veluity 4aken around a closed Cuwe f= Norticity X Area of Loop a Vorticity (2) > dt is defined os the value twice per unit orca is called Vovlicity (4) y= 2O = 2(Uats Cyst Orb) Novhiity C 4 Nelity (ential Function = (>) (3) [3 | lent eres lee tal % az — Nedoty, potential Fanclion exists only, For Tw 9 $F 8 aadisfies Laplace fquakion Athen a also aadisfies Continuity &y is purible ctheraie Tot poulbile Hvgf'y satisfies Laplace &M 5 then if sees the posiitle steady incombrenible 4S Funcdion ('2)=*[3} is defined Sor 20 Flow A Brat Gero) Bee) |Be = -u| Ha ke cr) | ae Oy Laylace uation: + Ff vteatn funclion () exists, Flows is ebuays Pestle (iad apse jpwteliont) af WP’ sctishey Leplace option, Flow will be Tofatimal Steady & Sotnbveite va Difference bh ony ‘hao Shem finchion gives discharge per Unit width - of Relation» & Chratetion WN Wence Foo @ Fluid Mechanics | hype 4 Rocket Pocket notes Keleion Hy 'h' &'Y'=+ PoE BF Lo) a yeh no ay OM | cc) #Lqui potential Line (q-Line) =» * Cauchy Reimann Equation’ +A Line altng. ushich the‘ i Constant. * lobe of line => (a= “s =m 8 Sheam (unchon line | Cquistvear Line => ‘Aline along, which ,“W' i Constant + Skpe of 'Y-Une’ => dy = x =m] eo Yuine & Q-Une are poipendiatlar to eachother - +N Grid obtained by drauing, a genes of dling & Weline $5 called Flow Net. ) Fluid Mechanics | ros Rocket Pocket notes AELUID_ DYNAMICS _ due ty Turbulerse “Newton's Squation of mation =» y= Fy + Pet ws . ‘ - dui oth + Reypels aquelion of etion rR ys pt Fs Fy ¢ 40 compentlity + Novier Soko Equdton = y= Fy 4 fe +h, » Biles Gquation of motion =» f= Ta +o ¥ Kuler's Gqustion of Motion ae (sid ent Comeivalien «f Mewes Asmptions cy Faw is Shendy CToteminesive (35 iy Flew f Mon. viscous (i= 0) J GH Phu abng a Shemtine [eee 9” ir Shut Fe 4 Bernoulli's Cquadioner (Ho.ed en Crseyvation ef Energy) ampliont iy Fw rnd be Séeal & doembrenive Gi) Fao must be Trotadional , steady ,Sreamtine & Ancomprenible: (id Flow must be fd ie Pipe Mao dy Fo must be Continue (Wsifom) Stee mean veluity © of Flew: $e) Flo eeu, bee 4e only Awe frcey such ad Srov'y) Fire (fq) 4 Reanve Foe 4 g.d7 40 av =| le +24 4 = Constant + fo pesne Energy per wit woeiht f + zaafeteal Grog) pes wit welt ye 7 . ue. Mott Mele + Yeovil Brgy. per wit weigrt JZ ‘Wehaity Meo - Stele +“ states that ing steady , Seal Pow of « inemprenbe fit, He sete energy ot any elot_of the Frutd is content” + Bernwoulliy 4" for_Reat Fluids =r Gi Nethoingley “+ «gt measures Game Pipe: + MH an eybemive Devke & moet, Accurately ee % [29H | tT See ia ele, ne De ay qe nt he rat St oh eesti 9) * th tee of Comaigert -o(as— 22") «gle of dvogent -+(s-7') eDyachange by Vorttimeder does not depends uben cvertahien of Vertasecter @ Fluid Mechanics | Rocket Pocket notes “leanvernent_of W_by_Manemneder —* +3 Gn S then, SF Sind then, ° : = * n= x (1-2) ‘ ee GH Dificemeter + st measures Diicharge + Very Cheaper Deulce & Low Aceurete- ' igh Lewes are there due to sudden cherge in fren. Coie of conback cpm! . ef Contrachon > a (qateef ven ebedali me) oe) er The of tafe (Oe) 7 hea Vena. Dre 0.4 te 0-80] + (oi "dea = Gite na Ga ater of change Sit {ost1— 0.48) ity) tot Tube + + SH meonires Velaity in oben chads & in Piper . (Se bent IH) gt eogrkes on piindble of Sagnation preaure + * Shgnation premure —+ evune of point where Velocity ts Zero» * Strlic penure — Prewune of atatic cen” G@® where no effect of velocity. + Pilot Tube menaure Glagnation Head - p : Nes agit Viz Nit = VFS] Gy acortof Veecity iG (6:98-0:53) : r) + 3 = Stagnation Prenure Head _ Yypamhe Dyrane FH = Sainedion PH — Stadte PH, 1 ny Prone lied = Piet Stace Tube = Hmeaure sdognadion on well 5 W Flow Nezzle => Uked to meaguve Dracharge Amough Gibes- Gea = Co fly. fh J2gH. Go (ef -ef dicchorge for ole, ct = = (.au-o-F9) 4 Hyptroutic CoeGfiiert = (oifice) I Getieients Ratie Nate Benge Coelfecient of Acad wey f.5t Meee (0.98- 0-39) 098 Necity Cv) Theeveticol ‘velourty Ceeffuient of fe oe (bi oba) = 064 Gnbaction («) freq of Orifice Gefficient of Actual Dischavge . Gack |(o,¢4 p64.) = O62 Discharge (G) Theovelital dischavge lth Getfivient of ‘Low tn Kinetic Energy = 01063 Resistance Ca) Aelual Kinekic Energy ¥ Geffcient_of Dachayge (G4) For Mouthpiece —> Types ef methpiece ela G Extemol Mouthblece 4 jo-8ss | osss Tnternal Mouthpiece iy Running Full 4 loqoz | 040% diy Running Ree ws jor So | 4.00 Grwergent @) Comvergat-dlengent Mouthpiece [1 | 1-00 | s-00 Note’ Shap Edge Ofte 1 wed as 6 Siardovel 'd | 6 Coetftuient off Velocity fox bree Ge Or Ta 3 | ‘Relation bw Gv, G RG . ‘ Ayemeter —* Ith Teminahne meaner | “Riese —riischage In Vobial Sqment + Niggle meter —5 Deichayge | Plus « Ghondil Tube —+ Velxity of Fait Fey + Het-oive Anemometer—y Crar)piy velee tt « (uvrend meter —pielity in chen chamef 5 Weivs + Diicharge in OCF |e Rofametes: ——Pbiichange in Neches! Somat o Prnesmome ter cabo. cde Wide Clot ow fete ae ie fees Laminar Fos | Re < 2000 gvp _ SVL Rain (Sor tao ote [Son <0 | B+ ho of pihe aw Lot tengin of ite epic, “Fev at Pate @ och TWartastent Flour | Re > doco | Re> L000 | Bere ouoer Gical Flaw fer) Re = 2000 fe = 500 feat Mahe Gifial Flea Bink) Re = 4-000 Rend Weawinar Flo in nigh ibe Plate Lammas F.feio thveugh ame BRE ROH CIAR) | ae gt : am [lye] bien § Fluid Mechanics | Rocket Pocket notes Nete? fully developed flow — Flow tn which velocity profile does net charge yemains same En the direction of Floyy 1% Kanon of Fully developed Cau. 4 Conection factor W Rineki Energy Gnection fact (d) + Pare RE: per Secend on the bails of actual velrify #reugh a eae KE per Second 6n the las of Arerene Uelectty Ahrough & Seb | = for Laminay Flow trough ciewar bibes —+ R =if(iu ¥ f+ trea of crows -Section- lol wt) dof Crow -Section {Poem Comection fact (8)~4 |p Momentum per See- onthe basis of actual Velocity memerhan ger Eeventhe buis of avenge Velocity Flow Conditions Laminas Flo. in. pibes Larommar Foo bf Fixed fe talent Flea fn pes sho la nbib ne 7 for Laminay Flows through piper —» pe afte | ENERGY Losses IN PIPES Mejor Larges. (@o-$)y, [due to Fiction @ Visosity] Minor acta, Cal Seed ey Ta cat Formula Vue fo Sudden exbansion ey Formuda. Dueto Sudden combacdion ~ Dovey -welsbach Rn —>( Applicable For Laminay & Tutakel T° Due th Bend ty Pibe fp MLV? svt, fal Fino be Eom Dye te phe Fine ded aad Tin] SE) tse te obshuctin Inthe $'sGoelliuent of fiction |fanan Ceoffcien+ due to Enhace £ > futetion factor tFeaF] Due fo ex} @ Fluid Mechanics _ 5 Lo> Length of ite dus dibmeter of pipe Y= mean velrity of Hew Gur discharge: Ay-+ frend tows ducte Faktion Lomiver Flew fer lamina Feud | ew foes Se Se be Fin Tatalent Fileu Tr liychaulle ‘mean depth i+ heed uss pev unit Length of pile C—r Chepy'a Constant + Unit + rete second Bmension—» (LATEY dug_+to, + Lows 4 os 4. Sudden exbansien of a are 5 uy ie nk is sae Slay lh-)) ol eons 2 Sudden Corraction of pipe + Kee Sonn OSV Ae Ce CeReient of combaction « Na Nelodty tn pipe Gmalter) Ve vel at en luty at cuted of fife 5. fite Rend/ Pipe Filings Los ye = ye K+ Cefuient of Bend , depends uben—> Wi Angee of Bend [ott + A tly Pipe dkameter(ot weeks] ot Win Tyke oF ibe Figs [RR RS aL) oa ce te af Bend. + ic Gradient kine > Sit Aydroulic race es a sy l= £42 §,7 Rowe tent Panne seg wit bel — 8 ve Close eF valve ail be A Bla Baogy line ~ Sy Pesto ~ hy Mae z balan I [ren § aSaz] —ebataw Herel Nate! di) Hal can rise @ fall fn dived of Flea | Elastic pibes > Gi wet Les bdwo TEL i fede ofribe 4+ dime Gin HOLA TEL ave Sefereted by vwlecty Weed (35) - extemal energy aubpiied - GUTEL aluuys Falla in Aired” of Flow umiil some (uy $F welatty = 0 then bath Giner Coincide with ench-othey- # Dibe Comection = W) ibe Series o> (discharge yemains Zame A Mead Les vanty ) == 0, = % = 4a. « Gjuivalent pipe ae Fee Fut fat Pigt ent etEt “L, ne eqaati TParallel Gemertion > Chad Los remains Same & Dacharge Neos ) a Cquivelent pide — (3f Le=t) maine. of phes connected Beitedeni 3 . . j in parallel Ca pibe+ A pibe which can replace existing Compound pipe while camying, Mame Abchayge & Some Hedloves. ‘4 fuer Trrsrnion_teugh_ pier ‘~ + fooer © Tnpd + Pyp= tigi + Facer @, Caltped — Pay = rig (M-M) + OH Gy 4 Q.4 Oat = ce hue uae fate VERiciemy CU —- ; a rene ere ’ ’ , » , ’ , Tygauent FLOW _ a! eNixosty & a pooherty of Fluid bk edly Vocosity (m,) ta nol» poet JA ‘ Eddy viostty 13 Flew chonaclastiis of isl: a cng aa AL Reynall’s Gxbrertion !~ {C= suiv'} W-sFluctactng velsitgin Xdired m—reddy vieesity J 7 ae Fhucaning,veloity Uh Y= diveeP> defends on flbes Cond due to Tveslenu . 41 thnot present in Laminar Flos) # Rant» Ming Lengthy Theory ~ eording te this Them , Prandtl wiving Lengthy B Ahad length fn trantvere direc!” where in Fluid gartictes , aMlev colliding Loses excess momentum & veach the aame momentum as Local environment, prandil's Awumed +» )~v' = 9.dy ay FFE] sven tag [aay] . MYuphetyamiclly Smet & Reygh Siofaa~ gg rt ey see oh ( aI AW aaa (S>¥) (S24) Nitande's Cond” for Smooth & Roush Boundary = Su taninar Guba ie Gmeth | Tansitien Rough Kooyg Aeloht «f veysinen a $< oa wecist tye * a < wel Reyoold’s Cond” for smesth & Cough Bcundary =e Reynnsdrs ne Ne. Srmceet hy “Raraifiers Reugh wR vex veK =k ga bee [el _ Ni‘ Shear velouityy 4pNeledly dishbution in Turbulent Flew in Giber=s Nr Kinematic Visecsity « [U= Umax + 25 VF foo, ote we nih of distance a aon Ps Dhan of Fiuiad Mechanics ~ Rocket Pocket notes . ie —u)=+ Vdotity Defect : n = of, avenge web Ot Sincesiera a a i we Note* f=. 00324 23 ®) pep When (he esa 105)» fr Turtedert fi, 5. oat in Smooth pipe (Re (ge = beoe to 46S) ¥ rHegs Ee} +Hhag 7 for Tarkulent low In rough pikes Srluid Mechanics | Rocket Pocket notes rependent variable are max" dine) re fay eigh'a wethed (ited when ef _ rw ef endanen hl Buckingham "7 Teen + fag oT A Toms = HM] voniables # Gach Term Contains Dincogy hy of Hotel Umt) veniabler Try Naniabsles WDifferent forces C Numbes—+ mea formulae Aehlicalions | Rojeld's) Thevtafove _ FT, SEV? ,GVE)]| Sibmaines templelly under water * Number | Vieustace fv YL AVY lettiotion of ahs Canes Fluo threygh Ventimete, viifiemeter, _ & Small size fiber + en channels & free surface flow (ests Fomeatt oy *) + Fw of jet from ovife @ Nezlle- Musber meg SRL setaw of dierent demity, Plaids * 7 . im + Fou over weirs ‘by mall feeds | Weber = (SUVE LY) |. Cabitleny Peag. Taso So { [Cabling Soan- arber Sohartte VOL LIS | cs of voy thin ahect of Lid over r a Sara | cule’s | frote Tao aes _ (>) |" Tathulent Fl tn pbetine where’ Fy & susie Fret oe foceltd Pa 7m Te) Fy eve. entnely aber + Where phenoments) oF cavitation ocous Jach | foray fom "i eI" Rew-dynamtc “Testing (terfpenitle Feg ri ttt Re te”. frase e + Wadey-Hammey priblem { AW |. Under wonder “ing of Tabedo's quays | fe vt NBL gut oe ey Ae |e Ree kM (amend) | weet 4H Model Analisis = - (iy Cieomehic Sindy) —r dimeions (ia, help, ebth) meee dip Vinemadic Simi by» fete (v 070. [oy ee eam ee min = + Gm Yate Bilal —» Fanos (6,64 Fes) . “. Fluid Mechanics | fo Buurddeny layer Theory *Griven Gy fhandil In 1964. soi Tn Goundeny layer begin Bernoulli's, Rqnation are tot abhlicabhe Visors Flow occu: (E-+e) -Boundayy Layer Trickners (6) * ee x Fhe Aishnce in peipendicalay dhectien fom the surface at tohich the effect of Viscosity, {5 observed « A Diklacement Aickmens (6°) -+ dtsme by which slid beaming, wh be chxpfaced in order fo combensede fav the Yeduction tn man for vole due fo baindosy Layer qouth ‘ ‘ ; Ump Nelacidy act any distance “y’ fe (Hi) dy Ya ree Steam Velosihy Momentum Tekness + disdace by which boundary shuld be displaced in order to compensate fy the veduction in momentum due to boundary layer qrewth- g q a= ft ww) 48 A Rivetc Goegy Thicenens(°*)- Théknen by whith slid bamdany tee be diblued in order to compensate for the reduction in Kinelie Energy we - ESE Sa « Shape Factor (H)+ St 18 fhe Inditakion of Rlhur Separation, lw2| SHealways >i} a x + for Laminar ourebory layer w= 2.6 (at No Separation) + Hl= 266 (af 200 Pome qeiert) ton Kaman's Momentum ‘tntegral Succi ' fsumbtind!~ + 2-D Flow & dneombrenibfe Flew ' + Steady Files ; Gea ly Flows , > hy Blamius Exbeiment Rowtts '~ yr Mahe velody profile is net given B Fluid Mechanics | Rocket Pocket notes + premure Gradient i Zero ~N fav “Turbulent Bourdon, Layer H=2%5 (at Ne Separedven) —» H=4-3 (at Zero prewmne spadient memertiom “thickness SI, distance Fem tesdig ie “This Gr qe abprox: Wall Sheay Stes .* fe-tase} Sheay Ahevs oct aurfaee j Laminay Flow “Tantulent Fev, 3 . fe V, ax iS 5 Se (8 > Fretien brag . «for Bes (Stolen, = 004 +8 vemion of G for wears feu Ree (dei )ar Cy — 0-5 = ON fox Ree (>He5) 9 C2 on $ — oy B6e )* (Re = 0:2 40S) / ee @ Fluid Mechanics > ¥ Rocket Pocket notes ‘ Notehes & Welva aah tne Sis an chening fn the side of dank in auch avons ‘hat Liquid surface in the channel #8 belie the top Kdge of the opening © Used fo measure. discharge iin OCF ' ‘ i Rectangles, Nok Nofch with thd Gorbaction 1 TTL aiengular Netch (Netieteh) cE i Notch withed End Gotraction i i “Fapeaidal Neth Shephed Notch, Rrnabolit, Notch ha Welt = tts a conaele @ ahudure , placed In an oben chennel : (Wg Size) ovey tahich the Flow cccervs- » Tepe l fsed on Shabe fared ont Shabe Creat : ane Grend-Gected weir b A weir . > Ur weir Kamey-Gesjed sont » Cibballitts weiv \__A* ; , Sharp -Geved woely » Stepbed wey 7 Oagee “Tyee wely Notch & Kroon @4 Nabbe G) Vein- © Grett-» The leon edge of reich @ the op edge of weir is keoun ab fil & Crest e »* Nate @VEIN + The Layer of Fluid Mowing ative the weir @ beleto the , » » oH Rec Noich @Wely + » => Total dischage prt [Gob = Se Fay ee) gh af mth » Tanita H-ohead ¢f wate, over the Cred 7 (ax) a+ Gaicient of dishage ® Effect on dischovge Ahveugh notch faciy due to Sate ae Weiy > >» » DB ]Oacd = $6 85 tan 1 ; I » . + Page of Hatch, ~ @ Fluid Mechanics | SOOM Ce els on =f Right ple Netch iceecerstial [aro6] ~ [Znw to dichage = 2.5 6 74 Ener tn Hend ameoasnement | 4+ Trabezcidal_Notch/wely 7 Gacy = Bc ams WO fe Sy Fg en ‘he 4 Stebbed Notch faci + Q=Gi4+Q.44; —o 1 OG 4 : ‘ y= 50.73 ER) ba i | ia | . = 26H. Lata)? a “i j + = 26.5 ut # Nelacity of phreach *® OT Ser, ses Sat at afr ¥ Bx or Baar weir tetch Se wer | ‘he (tinal end [meer Bat ft (ha) = S2= we vest soni} O=2G Fag. Lut hy ey 4 Brood-Gested wet - wxiy => © tahen (2L > H) + Bread crested weiy ecu ih A-sflead of water Gmiddle ofc which HW constant —~ re faSu then, Onose = 1-705 G LH2| ANanwd—Gested weiy—> « When (2.

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