EXERCISES

1. A thermally insulated, closed copper vessel contains moving with the belt at 2-0
m s. Calculate the increase
slipping
of the block as it stops
water at 15°C. When the vessel is shaken vigorously for in the kinetic energy by
the work done in this frame
15 minutes, the temperature rises to 17°0. The mass of past the belt. (c) Find
the belt.
the vessel is 100g and that of the water is 200 g. The the external force holding
energy of a gas kept in
specific heat capacities of copper and water are 4. Calculate the change in internal
is supplied to it.
420 J kgK1 and 4200 J kg K respectively. a rigid container when 100 J of heat
linearly with volume from
Neglect any thermal expansion. (a) How much heat is 5. The pressure of a gas changes
the work
transferred to the liquid-vessel system ? (b) How much 10 kPa, 200 cc to 50 kPa, 50cc. (a) Calculate
extracted
work has been done on this system ? (c) How much is done by the gas. (b) If no heat is supplied or
the increase in internal energy of the system ? from the gas, what is the change in the internal energy
of the gas ?
2. Figure (26-E1) showsa paddle wheel coupled to a mass
6. An ideal gas is taken from an initial state i to a fünal
of 12 kg through fixed frictionless pulleys. The paddle is
immersed in a liquid of heat capacity 4200 kept JK state f in such a way that the ratio of the pressure to
in an adiabatic container. Consider a time interval in the absolute temperature remains constant. What will
which the 12 kg block falls slowly through 70 cm. be the work done by the gas ?
(a) How much heat is given to the liquid ?(b) How much 7. Figure (26-E2) shows three paths through which a gas
work is done on the liquid ? (c) Calculate the rise in the can be taken from the state A to the state B. Calculate
temperature of the liquid neglecting the heat capacity the work done by the gas in each of the three paths.
of the container and the paddle.

25cc +

10co+

10 KPa 30 KPa
|12kg
Figure 26-E2

3. A 100 kg block is
Figure 26-El

started with a speed of

a long, rough belt kept fixed in a horizontal position.
2:0m s ona
- system 18 taken through the process abc shown
in figure (26-E3), 80 J of heat is absorbed by
and 30 J of work is done by it. If the system
the system
does 10 J
The coefficientof kinetic frictionbetween the block and
the belt is 0:20. (a) Calculate the change in the internal
energy of the block-belt system as the block comes to a
stop on the belt. (b) Consider the situation from a frame
of reference moving at 20 ms along the initial velocity
of the block. As seen from this frame, the block is gently

put on a moving belt and in due time the block starts JbA Figure 26-E3
 Laws of
Thermodynamics 63

of work during the process adc, how much heat flowS

into it during the process? process, calculate the change in the internal energy of

50 cal heat should the system.

of be supplied to take a
A system from
the state to the state
through the path ACB Bas
14. The internal energy of a gas is given by U= 15 pV. It
shown in figure (26-E4). Find the expands from 100 cm to 200 cm against a constant
quantity of heat to be
supplied to take it from A to
via B ADB. pressure of 10 x 10 Pa. Calculate the heat absorbed by
the gas in the process.
155 kPa 15. A gas is enclosed in a cylindrical vessel fitted with a

frictionless The gas is slowly heated for some

piston.
50KPat
time. During the process, 10J of heat is supplied and
the piston is found to move out 10 cm. Find the increase
200 cc 400 cc in the internal energy of the gas. The area of cross
section of the cylinder =4 cm and the atmospheric
Figure 26-E4
pressure =100 kPa.
10. Calculate the heat absorbed by a system in going 16. A gas is initially at a pressure of 100 kPa and its volume
through the shown in figure (26-E5).
cyclic process is 20m'. Its pressure is kept constant and the volume
V in cc is changed from 2-0 to 2'5
m Its volume is nowm.
300 kept constant and the pressure is increased from
100 kPa to 200 kPa. The gas is brought back to its initial
state, the pressure varying linearly with its volume. (a)
Circle Whether the heat is supplied to or extracted from the
gas in the complete cycle ? (b) How much heat was
p in kPa
100 300 supplied or extracted?

Figure 26-E5 17. Consider the cyclic process ABCA, shown in figure

11. gas is taken through a

2so2 (26-E9), performed on a sample of 2-0 mol of an ideal
from the
A cyclic process ABCA as shown gas. A total of 1200 J of heat is withdrawn
in figure (26-E6). If 24 cal of heat is given in the process, Find the work done by the gas
sample in the process.
what is the value of J?
during the part [Link]
700 cc
500 K+
500 cc
A
300 K+
100 KPa 200 KPa

Figure 26-E6

12. A substance is taken through the process abe as shown Figure 26-E9

in figure (26-E7). If the internal energy of the substance 18. Figure (26-E10) shows the variation in the internal
increases by 5000 J and a heat of 2625 cal is given to energy U with the volume V of 20 mol of an ideal gas
the system, calculate the value of J.
in a cyclhc process abcda. The temperatures of the gas
at b and c are 500 K and 300 K respectively. Calculate
the heat absorbed by the gas during the process.
300 KPat C

200 KPa+ b

0.02 m3 0.05 m3

Figure 26-E7

2V, V
Vo
13. A gas is taken along the path AB as shown in figure
(26-E8). If 70 cal of heat is extracted from the gas in the
26-E10
Figure

19. Find the change in the internal energy of 2 kg of water

250 ce as it is heated from 0°C to 4°C. The specific heat capacity

100 cc
of water is 4200 J kgK -3
and its densities at 0°C and

4°C are 999-9 kg m and 1000kg m respectively.

200 KPa 500 KPa Atmospheric pressure = 10° Pa.

Figure 26-E8 20. Calculate the increase in the internal energy of 10 g of
water when it is heated from 0°C to 100°C and convert:d
 64

Concepts of Physics

hto steam at 100 kPa, The

Specific
density of steam 06 kg m = much work has been done by the gason the left part ?
heat capacity of water = 4200 J kg °C and the (b)Find the final pressures on the two sides. (c)Find
latent heat of the final equilibrium temperature. (d) How much
vaporization of water 2.25 x 10 6J kg = heat has flown from the gason the right to the gas on
Z1. Figure (26-E1l) shows a
cvlindrical tube of volume V theleft ?
with adiabatic walls
containing an ideal gas. The
internal energy of this ideal gas is 22. An adiabatic vessel of total volume V is divided into two
given by 1'5 nRT.
The tube is divided into two equal equal parts by a conducting separator. The separator is

parts by a fixed fixed in this position. The part on the left contains one
diathermic wall. Initially, the
pressure and the mole of an ideal gas (U=15 nRT) and the part on the
temperature are p,, T, on the left and p, T, on two moles of the same gas. Initially, the
the right. right contains
The system is left for sufficient time so that each side is p. The system
on for is left
the pressure
temperature becomes equal on the two sides. (a) How state reached. Find
sufficient time so that a steady is

(a) the work done by the gas

in the left part during the
Diathermic

process, (b) the temperature on the two sides in the

reached by
P I, P2 Ta Adiabatic beginning, (c) the final common temperature
the gases, (d) the heat given to the gas in the right part
and (e) the increase in the internal energy of the gas in
Figure 26-E11
the left part.

aocANSWERS
OBJECTIVE Ib 11. 4-17 Jcal

12. 419Jcal-1
3. (a) (b) 5.(a) 6. (c)
1. (d) 2. (b) 4.
-241 J
13.
7. (c) 8. (c) 9. (b)
14. 25 J
15. 6J
OBJECTIVE II
16. (a) extracted (b) 25000 J

4. (a), (c)
17. -4520 J
2. (a), (b) 3. (d)
1. (b), (c) 18. 2300 J
5. (a), (d)
19. (33600 -0-02)J

EXERCISES 20. 2'5 >x 10J

21. (a) zero

1. (a) zero (b) 17644 J (c) 1764J

on the left and Pi P, +p)

(b) 84 J (c) 0-02C

2. (a) zero
(c) 400 J
on the right
200 J
3. (a) 200 J
(b)
T,T, (P, + P»)
4. 100 J (c)

-45J (b) 4-5 J

5. (a) 8p,p, (T; - T) V
where =p,T, + p,1,
(d)
6. zero
0'450 J in ACB and 0:150 J in ADB pV pV
7. 0:30-J in-4B, 22. (a) zero (b)
(2 mol) R (4 mol)R
8. 60 J
pV
9. 55cal (c)
R 4
(3 mol)

10. 814
J