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Paper / Subject Code: 32221 / Digital Communication

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1T01035 - T.E.(Electronics and Telecommunication )(SEM-V)(Choice Based) (R-19) (C Scheme

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) / 32221 - Digital Communication QP CODE: 10025317 DATE: 23/05/2023

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(3 Hours) [Total Marks : 80 ]

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N.B.: (1) Question No 1 is Compulsory.

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(2) Attempt any three questions out of the remaining five.

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(3) All questions carry equal marks.

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(4) Assume suitable data, if required and state it clearly.

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1 Attempt any FOUR [20]

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a What is modulation? What are the types of modulation?

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b Explain different error control systems
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c Compare BASK, BPSK, BFSK, 4-ary FSK and 8-ary PS in terms of bandwidth
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d Calculate 4-bits checksum for the data 110011111011

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Calculate CRC bits for the data 10000 using g(x) = x8 + x2 + x + 1

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2 a Explain Shannon-Hartley Theorem and determine the channel capacity if the [10]

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bandwidth is infinite

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b Write the algorithms for determining Huffman code and Shannon-Fano code and [10]

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select a suitable example to show the code generation

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3 a What is line code? What are the parameters need to be considered for selecting a [10]
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line code for a specific allocation.

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b Draw the shift register circuit for (7,4) systematic cyclic code encoder with g(x) [10]
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= x + x + 1 and generate parity bits for the data 1000 and 1010
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4 a Explain error detection and correction procedure for systematic linear block code [10]
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b Derive the PSD of QPSK signal, draw the power spectrum and find the
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bandwidth
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5 a Sketch the signal space diagram of MSK and determine the error probability [10]
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b Explain 16-ary QASK modulator and demodulator with suitable equations [10]
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6 a Show that the performances of matched filter and correlator are identical [10]
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b Explain Viterbi’s decoding algorithm with a suitable example

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25317 Page 1 of 1
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395D61D59F66080010B82A934EB3666C
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 F 8B 1 0F 6A 4 51 20 7E 08
FC C8B 81F F0F2 26A 74E E513 320 17E 089 9369
8 7 1
C8 8B8 1F0 0F26 6A7 4E5 5132 201 7E0 0893 369F FB2
B8 1F0 F2 A7 4E 13 01 7E0 89 69 B2 FC
8B 1F F 6A 4E 51 20 7E 8 36 FB F 8B
81 0 26 7 5 32 17 0 93 9F 2 C8 8
81 F0F F26AA74 4E51 132 017 E08 8936 69F B2F FC8 B81 1F0F
F 0 E B B
1F 0F2 26A 74E E513 320 17E 089 9369 9FB 2FC C8B 81F F0F 26A
0 6 7 5 1 0 3 F 2 8 2
F0 F26 A7 4E5 132 201 7E0 893 69F B2 FC8 8B8 1F0 0F2 6A7 74E
F2 A7 4E 13 01 7E 89 69 B FC B 1F F2 6A 4E 513

Q4
Q3
Q2
Q1
F2 6A7 4E 513 201 7E 089 369 FB 2FC 8B 81F 0F2 6A 74E 513 20
6 5 0 3 F 2 8 7 1

NB.

i)
i)
i)

b)
b)
26 A74 4E5 132 2017 7E0 893 69F B2F FC8 8B8 1F0 0F26 6A7 4E5 5132 201 7E0

ii)
ii)
ii)

71271
iii)
iii)
iii)
A7 E 13 01 E0 89 69 B2 C B8 1F F2 A 4E 13 01 7E 89
6A 4E 51 20 7E 8 36 FB F 8B 1 0F 6A 74 51 20 7 08 36
74 5 32 17 0 93 9F 2F C8 8 F0 26 7 E5 32 1 E0 93 9F
74 E51 1320 017 E08 8936 69FB B2F C8B B81 1F0F F26 A74 4E5 132 017 7E08 8936 69F B2F
Communication

E5 32 17 E0 93 9F 2 C8 8 F0 26 A7 E5 13 01 E0 93 9F B2 C

10
13 01 E0 89 69 B2 FC B8 1F F2 A 4E 13 201 7E 89 69 B FC 8B

shown:
20 7E 89 36 FB FC 8B 1F 0F 6A 74 51 20 7E 08 36 FB 2F 8B 81
17 08 36 9F 2F 8 81 0 26 74 E5 32 17 0 93 9F 2 C8 8 F0
E0 93 9F B2 C B8 F0 F2 A7 E 13 01 E0 89 69 B2 FC B8 1F F2
89 69 B FC 8B 1F F2 6A 4E 513 20 7E 89 369 FB FC 8B 1F 0F 6A

encoder
Symbol
36 FB 2F 8B 81 0F 6A 74 51 20 17 08 36 FB 2F 8 81 0F 26 74
9F 2F C8 8 F0 26 7 E5 32 17 E0 93 9F 2 C8 B8 F0 26 A7 E5
B2 C B8 1F F2 A7 4E 13 01 E 89 69 B2 FC B 1F F2 A 4E 13
FC 8B 1F 0F2 6A 4E 513 20 7E 089 369 FB FC 8B 81F 0F 6A 74E 51 20

state diagram
71271

8B 81F 0F 6A 74E 51 20 17E 08 36 FB 2F 8B 81 0F 26A 74 51 320 17

81 0F 26A 74 51 32 17 08 936 9F 2F C8 81 F0F 26 74 E5 32 17 E08 independent events?

c) Prove Hmax = log2M.

F0 26 7 E5 32 01 E0 93 9F B2 C8 B8 F0 2 A7 E 13 01 E0 93

M1
F2 A7 4E 13 01 7E 89 69 B FC B 1F F2 6A 4E 513 20 7E 89 69

Probability 1/2
6A 4E 51 20 7E 08 36 FB 2F 8B 81 0F 6A 74 51 20 17 08 36 FB

101100 and 000110.

74 51 320 17 08 936 9FB 2F C8B 81 F0F 26 74 E5 32 17 E08 936 9F 2F

code transfer function

E5 32 17 E0 93 9F 2 C8 8 F0 26 A7 E5 13 01 E0 93 9F B2 C
13 01 E0 89 69 B2 FC B8 1F F2 A 4E 13 201 7E 89 69 B FC 8B
20 7E 89 36 FB FC 8B 1F 0F 6A 74 51 20 7E 08 36 FB 2F 8B 81
17 08 36 9F 2F 8 81 0 26 74 E5 32 17 0 93 9F 2 C8 8 F0
E0 93 9F B2 C B8 F0 F2 A7 E 13 01 E0 89 69 B2 FC B8 1F F2
89 69 B FC 8B 1F F2 6A 4E 513 20 7E 89 369 FB FC 8B 1F 0F 6A

M2
1/4
36 FB 2F 8B 81 0F 6A 74 51 20 17 08 36 FB 2F 8 81 0F 26 74
1. Question No. 1 is compulsory.

C1=d1⊕d3
C2=d1⊕d2
9F 2F C8 8 F0 26 7 E5 32 17 E0 93 9F 2 C8 B8 F0 26 A7 E5
based on low pass sampling theory.
B2 C B8 1F F2 A7 4E 13 01 E 89 69 B2 FC B 1F F2 A 4E 13
FC 8B 1F 0F2 6A 4E 513 20 7E 089 369 FB FC 8B 81F 0F 6A 74E 51 20
2. Figures to right indicate full marks.

8B 81F 0F 6A 74E 51 20 17E 08 36 FB 2F 8B 81 0F 26A 74 51 320 17

C3= d1⊕d2⊕d3
81 0F 26A 74 51 32 17 08 936 9F 2F C8 81 F0F 26 74 E5 32 17 E08
F0 26 7 E5 32 01 E0 93 9F B2 C8 B8 F0 2 A7 E 13 01 E0 93
F2 A7 4E 13 01 7E 89 69 B FC B 1F F2 6A 4E 513 20 7E 89 69
6A 4E 51 20 7E 08 36 FB 2F 8B 81 0F 6A 74 51 20 17 08 36 FB

M3
1/8
74 51 320 17 08 936 9FB 2F C8B 81 F0F 26 74 E5 32 17 E08 936 9F 2F
Time: 3 Hours

E5 32 17 E0 93 9F 2 C8 8 F0 26 A7 E5 13 01 E0 93 9F B2 C

Page 1 of 2
13 01 E0 89 69 B2 FC B8 1F F2 A 4E 13 201 7E 89 69 B FC 8B

length and hence find Entropy of the system,

20 7E 89 36 FB FC 8B 1F 0F 6A 74 51 20 7E 08 36 FB 2F 8B 81

Compare and comment on the results of both.

17 08 36 9F 2F 8 81 0 26 74 E5 32 17 0 93 9F 2 C8 8 F0

10
E0 93 9F B2 C B8 F0 F2 A7 E 13 01 E0 89 69 B2 FC B8 1F F2
89 69 B FC 8B 1F F2 6A 4E 513 20 7E 89 369 FB FC 8B 1F 0F 6A
3. Assume data wherever required and state it clearly.

36 FB 2F 8B 81 0F 6A 74 51 20 17 08 36 FB 2F 8 81 0F 26 74
2. Attempt any three out of remaining five questions.

impulses for each are g1=100 g2=101 g3=111. Draw

9F 2F C8 8 F0 26 7 E5 32 17 E0 93 9F 2 C8 B8 F0 26 A7 E5
M4

B2 C B8 1F F2 A7 4E 13 01 E 89 69 B2 FC B 1F F2 A 4E 13

2FC8B81F0F26A74E5132017E089369FB
1/16

FC 8B 1F 0F2 6A 4E 513 20 7E 089 369 FB FC 8B 81F 0F 6A 74E 51 20

b) What is an optimum receiver and what is it optimized for?

8B 81F 0F 6A 74E 51 20 17E 08 36 FB 2F 8B 81 0F 26A 74 51 320 17

81 0F 26A 74 51 32 17 08 936 9F 2F C8 81 F0F 26 74 E5 32 17 E08
F0 26 7 E5 32 01 E0 93 9F B2 C8 B8 F0 2 A7 E 13 01 E0 93
Verify the average code-word length using Shannon Fano,
F2 A7 4E 13 01 7E 89 69 B FC B 1F F2 6A 4E 513 20 7E 89 69
6A 4E 51 20 7E 08 36 FB 2F 8B 81 0F 6A 74 51 20 17 08 36 FB

b) What is matched filter? Derive the expression for its output SNR.
74 51 320 17 08 936 9FB 2F C8B 81 F0F 26 74 E5 32 17 E08 936 9F 2F
E5 32 17 E0 93 9F 2 C8 8 F0 26 A7 E5 13 01 E0 93 9F B2 C
Paper / Subject Code: 32202 / Digital Communication

M5

13 01 E0 89 69 B2 FC B8 1F F2 A 4E 13 201 7E 89 69 B FC 8B
20 7E 89 36 FB FC 8B 1F 0F 6A 74 51 20 7E 08 36 FB 2F 8B 81
1/32

Determine the error correcting and detecting capability of system,

17 08 36 9F 2F 8 81 0 26 74 E5 32 17 0 93 9F 2 C8 8 F0
E0 93 9F B2 C B8 F0 F2 A7 E 13 01 E0 89 69 B2 FC B8 1F F2
89 69 B FC 8B 1F F2 6A 4E 513 20 7E 89 369 FB FC 8B 1F 0F 6A

a) What is PDF? How do we get PDF from probability distribution function?

36 FB 2F 8B 81 0F 6A 74 51 20 17 08 36 FB 2F 8 81 0F 26 74
9F 2F C8 8 F0 26 7 E5 32 17 E0 93 9F 2 C8 B8 F0 26 A7 E5

Sketch the encoder and syndrome calculator for the generator polynomial
B2 C B8 1F F2 A7 4E 13 01 E 89 69 B2 FC B 1F F2 A 4E 13
FC 8B 1F 0F2 6A 4E 513 20 7E 089 369 FB FC 8B 81F 0F 6A 74E 51
A convolution encoder has a constraint length of 3 and code rate of 1/3. The

g(x)=1+x2+x3 and obtain the syndrome for the received code-word 1101011.
8B 81F 0F 6A 74E 51 20 17E 08 36 FB 2F 8B 81 0F 26A 74 51 32

Find Generator matrix using which find out the code-words of 110 and 010 ,
M6
a) When are two events said to be independent? What is the joint probability of two

81 0F 26A 74 51 32 17 08 936 9F 2F C8 81 F0F 26 74 E5 32

1/32

F0 26 7 E5 32 01 E0 93 9F B2 C8 B8 F0 2 A7 E 13 01
e) For impulse responses g1={1,0,0}, g2={0,1,0}, g3={1,0,1} design the state diagram.

F2 A7 4E 13 01 7E 89 69 B FC B 1F F2 6A 4E 513 20

a) For a systematic linear block, the three parity check digits, C3, C2, C1 are given by:
20

10
6A 4E 51 20 7E 08 36 FB 2F 8B 81 0F 6A 74 51 20 17
Marks: 80

10
10
10
a) A discrete memoryless source has an alphabet of six symbol with their probabilities as

74 51 320 17 08 936 9FB 2F C8B 81 F0F 26 74 E5 32 17

Prepare suitable decoding table and find transmitted message for received code
Determine the Minimum Variance Huffman code-words and average code-word
d) Estimate Nyquist rate and Nyquist interval for the signal 10Cos(2000πt) Cos(4000 πt)

E5 32 17 E0 93 9F 2 C8 8 F0 26 A7 E5 13 01 E
13 01 E0 89 69 B2 FC B8 1F F2 A 4E 13 201 7E
20 7E 89 36 FB FC 8B 1F 0F 6A 74 51 20 7E 08
17 08 36 9F 2F 8 81 0 26 74 E5 32 17 0
E0 93 9F B2 C B8 F0 F2 A7 E 13 01 E0 89
89 69 B FC 8B 1F F2 6A 4E 513 20 7E 89
36 FB 2F 8B 81 0F 6A 74 51 20 17 08 36
9F 2F C8 8 F0 26 7 E5 32 17 E0 93
B2 C B8 1F F2 A7 4E 13 01 E 89 69
19-Nov-2019 1T01025 - T.E.(Electronic & Telecommunication Engineering)(SEM-V)(Choice Base) / 32202 - Digital

FC 8B 1F 0F2 6A 4E 513 20 7E 089 369

8B 81F 0F 6A 74E 51 20 17E 08 36 F
81 0F 26A 74 51 32 17 08 936 9F
0 B
 F 8B 1 0F 6A 4 51 20 7E 08
FC C8B 81F F0F2 26A 74E E513 320 17E 089 9369
8 7 1
C8 8B8 1F0 0F26 6A7 4E5 5132 201 7E0 0893 369F FB2
B8 1F0 F2 A7 4E 13 01 7E0 89 69 B2 FC
8B 1F F 6A 4E 51 20 7E 8 36 FB F 8B
81 0 26 7 5 32 17 0 93 9F 2 C8 8
81 F0F F26AA74 4E51 132 017 E08 8936 69F B2F FC8 B81 1F0F
F 0 E B B
1F 0F2 26A 74E E513 320 17E 089 9369 9FB 2FC C8B 81F F0F 26A
0 6 7 5 1 0 3 F 2 8 2
F0 F26 A7 4E5 132 201 7E0 893 69F B2 FC8 8B8 1F0 0F2 6A7 74E
F2 A7 4E 13 01 7E 89 69 B FC B 1F F2 6A 4E 513

Q6
F2 6A7 4E 513 201 7E 089 369 FB 2FC 8B 81F 0F2 6A 74E 513 20
6 5 0 3 F 2 8 7 1 Q5
a)
b)
26 A74 4E5 132 2017 7E0 893 69F B2F FC8 8B8 1F0 0F26 6A7 4E5 5132 201 7E0

71271
A7 E 13 01 E0 89 69 B2 C B8 1F F2 A 4E 13 01 7E 89
6A 4E 51 20 7E 8 36 FB F 8B 1 0F 6A 74 51 20 7 08 36
74 5 32 17 0 93 9F 2F C8 8 F0 26 7 E5 32 1 E0 93 9F
74 E51 1320 017 E08 8936 69FB B2F C8B B81 1F0F F26 A74 4E5 132 017 7E08 8936 69F B2F
E5 32 17 E0 93 9F 2 C8 8 F0 26 A7 E5 13 01 E0 93 9F B2 C
13 01 E0 89 69 B2 FC B8 1F F2 A 4E 13 201 7E 89 69 B FC 8B
20 7E 89 36 FB FC 8B 1F 0F 6A 74 51 20 7E 08 36 FB 2F 8B 81
17 08 36 9F 2F 8 81 0 26 74 E5 32 17 0 93 9F 2 C8 8 F0

10
E0 93 9F B2 C B8 F0 F2 A7 E 13 01 E0 89 69 B2 FC B8 1F F2
iv) RZ
89 69 B FC 8B 1F F2 6A 4E 513 20 7E 89 369 FB FC 8B 1F 0F 6A
ii) NRZ
36 FB 2F 8B 81 0F 6A 74 51 20 17 08 36 FB 2F 8 81 0F 26 74
9F 2F C8 8 F0 26 7 E5 32 17 E0 93 9F 2 C8 B8 F0 26 A7 E5
B2 C B8 1F F2 A7 4E 13 01 E 89 69 B2 FC B 1F F2 A 4E 13
iii) AMI-RZ

FC 8B 1F 0F2 6A 4E 513 20 7E 089 369 FB FC 8B 81F 0F 6A 74E 51 20

8B 81F 0F 6A 74E 51 20 17E 08 36 FB 2F 8B 81 0F 26A 74 51 320 17
81 0F 26A 74 51 32 17 08 936 9F 2F C8 81 F0F 26 74 E5 32 17 E08
F0 26 7 E5 32 01 E0 93 9F B2 C8 B8 F0 2 A7 E 13 01 E0 93
F2 A7 4E 13 01 7E 89 69 B FC B 1F F2 6A 4E 513 20 7E 89 69
6A 4E 51 20 7E 08 36 FB 2F 8B 81 0F 6A 74 51 20 17 08 36 FB
74 51 320 17 08 936 9FB 2F C8B 81 F0F 26 74 E5 32 17 E08 936 9F 2F
E5 32 17 E0 93 9F 2 C8 8 F0 26 A7 E5 13 01 E0 93 9F B2 C
i) Manchester format

13 01 E0 89 69 B2 FC B8 1F F2 A 4E 13 201 7E 89 69 B FC 8B
20 7E 89 36 FB FC 8B 1F 0F 6A 74 51 20 7E 08 36 FB 2F 8B 81
17 08 36 9F 2F 8 81 0 26 74 E5 32 17 0 93 9F 2 C8 8 F0
E0 93 9F B2 C B8 F0 F2 A7 E 13 01 E0 89 69 B2 FC B8 1F F2

(iii) Hamming distance

89 69 B FC 8B 1F F2 6A 4E 513 20 7E 89 369 FB FC 8B 1F 0F 6A
36 FB 2F 8B 81 0F 6A 74 51 20 17 08 36 FB 2F 8 81 0F 26 74
9F 2F C8 8 F0 26 7 E5 32 17 E0 93 9F 2 C8 B8 F0 26 A7 E5
i) Compare BPSK and QPSK

B2 C B8 1F F2 A7 4E 13 01 E 89 69 B2 FC B 1F F2 A 4E 13
ii) Modified duo-binary encoder

FC 8B 1F 0F2 6A 4E 513 20 7E 089 369 FB FC 8B 81F 0F 6A 74E 51 20

8B 81F 0F 6A 74E 51 20 17E 08 36 FB 2F 8B 81 0F 26A 74 51 320 17
81 0F 26A 74 51 32 17 08 936 9F 2F C8 81 F0F 26 74 E5 32 17 E08
F0 26 7 E5 32 01 E0 93 9F B2 C8 B8 F0 2 A7 E 13 01 E0 93
F2 A7 4E 13 01 7E 89 69 B FC B 1F F2 6A 4E 513 20 7E 89 69
6A 4E 51 20 7E 08 36 FB 2F 8B 81 0F 6A 74 51 20 17 08 36 FB
74 51 320 17 08 936 9FB 2F C8B 81 F0F 26 74 E5 32 17 E08 936 9F 2F
E5 32 17 E0 93 9F 2 C8 8 F0 26 A7 E5 13 01 E0 93 9F B2 C

Page 2 of 2
13 01 E0 89 69 B2 FC B8 1F F2 A 4E 13 201 7E 89 69 B FC 8B
20 7E 89 36 FB FC 8B 1F 0F 6A 74 51 20 7E 08 36 FB 2F 8B 81
17 08 36 9F 2F 8 81 0 26 74 E5 32 17 0 93 9F 2 C8 8 F0

*****************
E0 93 9F B2 C B8 F0 F2 A7 E 13 01 E0 89 69 B2 FC B8 1F F2
iii) Gram- Schmidt orthogonalization procedure

89 69 B FC 8B 1F F2 6A 4E 513 20 7E 89 369 FB FC 8B 1F 0F 6A
Explain with the required diagrams (Any Three):

36 FB 2F 8B 81 0F 6A 74 51 20 17 08 36 FB 2F 8 81 0F 26 74
9F 2F C8 8 F0 26 7 E5 32 17 E0 93 9F 2 C8 B8 F0 26 A7 E5
B2 C B8 1F F2 A7 4E 13 01 E 89 69 B2 FC B 1F F2 A 4E 13

2FC8B81F0F26A74E5132017E089369FB
FC 8B 1F 0F2 6A 4E 513 20 7E 089 369 FB FC 8B 81F 0F 6A 74E 51 20
8B 81F 0F 6A 74E 51 20 17E 08 36 FB 2F 8B 81 0F 26A 74 51 320 17
81 0F 26A 74 51 32 17 08 936 9F 2F C8 81 F0F 26 74 E5 32 17 E08
iv) Define the following terms and give their significance

F0 26 7 E5 32 01 E0 93 9F B2 C8 B8 F0 2 A7 E 13 01 E0 93
F2 A7 4E 13 01 7E 89 69 B FC B 1F F2 6A 4E 513 20 7E 89 69
6A 4E 51 20 7E 08 36 FB 2F 8B 81 0F 6A 74 51 20 17 08 36 FB
(i) Systematic and Non-systematic codes (ii) Code rate

74 51 320 17 08 936 9FB 2F C8B 81 F0F 26 74 E5 32 17 E08 936 9F 2F

E5 32 17 E0 93 9F 2 C8 8 F0 26 A7 E5 13 01 E0 93 9F B2 C
Paper / Subject Code: 32202 / Digital Communication

13 01 E0 89 69 B2 FC B8 1F F2 A 4E 13 201 7E 89 69 B FC 8B
20 7E 89 36 FB FC 8B 1F 0F 6A 74 51 20 7E 08 36 FB 2F 8B 81
17 08 36 9F 2F 8 81 0 26 74 E5 32 17 0 93 9F 2 C8 8 F0
E0 93 9F B2 C B8 F0 F2 A7 E 13 01 E0 89 69 B2 FC B8 1F F2
(iv) Hamming weight

89 69 B FC 8B 1F F2 6A 4E 513 20 7E 89 369 FB FC 8B 1F 0F 6A
36 FB 2F 8B 81 0F 6A 74 51 20 17 08 36 FB 2F 8 81 0F 26 74
9F 2F C8 8 F0 26 7 E5 32 17 E0 93 9F 2 C8 B8 F0 26 A7 E5
B2 C B8 1F F2 A7 4E 13 01 E 89 69 B2 FC B 1F F2 A 4E 13
FC 8B 1F 0F2 6A 4E 513 20 7E 089 369 FB FC 8B 81F 0F 6A 74E 51
8B 81F 0F 6A 74E 51 20 17E 08 36 FB 2F 8B 81 0F 26A 74 51 32
81 0F 26A 74 51 32 17 08 936 9F 2F C8 81 F0F 26 74 E5 32
F0 26 7 E5 32 01 E0 93 9F B2 C8 B8 F0 2 A7 E 13 01
F2 A7 4E 13 01 7E 89 69 B FC B 1F F2 6A 4E 513 20
Represent the given data sequence 110011010011 with help of neat waveforms in

6A 4E 51 20 7E 08 36 FB 2F 8B 81 0F 6A 74 51 20 17
20
Discuss QPSK signalling. Derive the bit error probability due to PSK receiver. 10

74 51 320 17 08 936 9FB 2F C8B 81 F0F 26 74 E5 32 17

E5 32 17 E0 93 9F 2 C8 8 F0 26 A7 E5 13 01 E
13 01 E0 89 69 B2 FC B8 1F F2 A 4E 13 201 7E
20 7E 89 36 FB FC 8B 1F 0F 6A 74 51 20 7E 08
17 08 36 9F 2F 8 81 0 26 74 E5 32 17 0
E0 93 9F B2 C B8 F0 F2 A7 E 13 01 E0 89
89 69 B FC 8B 1F F2 6A 4E 513 20 7E 89
36 FB 2F 8B 81 0F 6A 74 51 20 17 08 36
9F 2F C8 8 F0 26 7 E5 32 17 E0 93
B2 C B8 1F F2 A7 4E 13 01 E 89 69
FC 8B 1F 0F2 6A 4E 513 20 7E 089 369
8B 81F 0F 6A 74E 51 20 17E 08 36 F
81 0F 26A 74 51 32 17 08 936 9F
0 B
 B7 C 60 2A 78 12 6C C9 A C3
7 1 9 E F 1 E
77 C16 6092 2A7 78E1 12F 6CC C91 AE C32 2FD
C1 09 A 8E 2F 6C 9 AE C3 FD A9
7C 60 2A 78 12 6 C 1A C 2F A 61
C 9
C1 1609 92A 78E E12F F6C C9 1AE EC3 32FDDA9 961B B77
60 2A 78 12 6C C9 1A C3 2F A 61 77 C1
16 92 7 E1 F6 C 1A EC 2 DA 96 B7 C 60
09 A 8E 2 C 9 E 3 FD 9 1 7 1 9
09 2A7 78E 12F F6C C91 1AE C32 2FD A9 61B B77C C16 6092 2A7 71272
2A 8E 12 6C C9 A C3 F A 61 77 1 09 A 8E
92 78 1 F6 C 1A EC 2F DA 96 B7 C 60 2A 78 12
A 2 1 1 E

b)

Q4
Q3
Q2
Q1
2A 78E E12 F6C CC9 91A EC3 32F DA 961 B77 7C1 609 92A 78E 12F F6C
15-May-19

a)
a)

b)
b)
NB.
78 12 F6C C9 1A EC 2F DA 961 B7 C1 609 2A 78E 12 6C C9

i)
i)
i)
78 E12 F6C C9 1A EC 32F DA 961 B7 7C1 609 2A 78E 12 F6C C9 1AE
E 3 7 F 1

ii)
ii)
ii)

iii)

71272
iii)
iii)
8E 12F F6C C91 1AE EC3 2FDDA9 961B B77 C16 6092 2A7 78E1 12F 6CC C91 AEC C32
1 2 6 C 9 A C 2 F A 6 1 7 C 1 0 A 8 E 2 6 C 9 A
E1 F6 CC 1A EC 32 DA 96 B7 7C 60 92A 78 12 F6 C9 1A EC 32F FDA

shown:
2F CC 91 E 32 FD 9 1B 7C 16 92 7 E1 F6 CC 1A EC 32 DA 96
6C 9 AE C3 FD A9 61B 77 16 09 A7 8E 2F CC 91 E 32 FD 9 1B

[
C9 1A C3 2F A 61 77 C1 09 2A 8E 12F 6C 91 AE C3 FD A9 61B 77
1A EC 2F DA 961 B7 C1 60 2A 78E 12 6C C9 A C3 2F A 61 77 C1

10011101011.
EC 32F DA 96 B7 7C 60 92A 78 12 F6C C9 1A EC 2F DA 961 B7 C1 609

encoder
32 DA 96 1B 7C 160 92A 78 E12 F6 C 1A EC 32F DA 961 B7 7C1 60 2A

i) Unipolar NRZ
FD 9 1B 77 16 92 7 E1 F CC 91 EC 32 D 96 B 7C 60 92 78
A9 61B 77 C16 09 A7 8E 2F 6CC 91 AE 32 FD A9 1B 77C 16 92 A7 E1
61 77 C1 09 2A 8E 12F 6C 91 AE C3 FD A9 61B 77 16 092 A7 8E1 2F

state diagram
B7 C 60 2A 78 12 6C C9 A C3 2F A 61 77 C1 09 A 8E 2F 6C
7C 160 92A 78 E12 F6 C 1A EC 2F DA 961 B7 C1 60 2A 78E 12 6C C9

Symbol
16 92 7 E1 F6 CC 91A EC 32 DA 96 B7 7C 60 92A 78 12 F6 C9 1A
09 A7 8E 2F C 91 E 32 FD 9 1B 7C 16 92 7 E1 F6 CC 1A EC
2A 8E 12 6C C9 A C3 F A 61 77 1 09 A 8E 2F C 91 E 3
78 12 F6C C9 1A EC 2F DA 961 B7 C1 609 2A 78E 12 6C C9 AE C3 2FD

code transfer function

E1 F6 C 1A EC 32 DA 96 B7 7C 60 2A 78 12 F6 C9 1A C 2F A
2F CC 91 E 32 FD 9 1B 7C 16 92 7 E1 F6 CC 1A EC 32 DA 96
6C 9 AE C3 FD A9 61B 77 16 09 A7 8E 2F CC 91 E 32 FD 9 1B

M1
Probability 0.3
C9 1A C3 2F A 61 77 C1 09 2A 8E 12F 6C 91 AE C3 FD A9 61B 77
1A EC 2F DA 961 B7 C1 60 2A 78E 12 6C C9 A C3 2F A 61 77 C1

]
ii) Polar RZ
EC 32F DA 96 B7 7C 60 92A 78 12 F6C C9 1A EC 2F DA 961 B7 C1 609
32 DA 96 1B 7C 160 92A 78 E12 F6 C 1A EC 32F DA 961 B7 7C1 60 2A
1. Question No. 1 is compulsory.

Select the best and justify the answer.

FD 9 1B 77 16 92 7 E1 F CC 91 EC 32 D 96 B 7C 60 92 78
A9 61B 77 C16 09 A7 8E 2F 6CC 91 AE 32 FD A9 1B 77C 16 92 A7 E1
61 77 C1 09 2A 8E 12F 6C 91 AE C3 FD A9 61B 77 16 092 A7 8E1 2F
2. Figures to right indicate full marks.
Time: 3 Hours

B7 C 60 2A 78 12 6C C9 A C3 2F A 61 77 C1 09 A 8E 2F 6C
7C 160 92A 78 E12 F6 C 1A EC 2F DA 961 B7 C1 60 2A 78E 12 6C C9
16 92 7 E1 F6 CC 91A EC 32 DA 96 B7 7C 60 92A 78 12 F6 C9 1A
09 A7 8E 2F C 91 E 32 FD 9 1B 7C 16 92 7 E1 F6 CC 1A EC

State and prove the Conditional Probability.

2A 8E 12 6C C9 A C3 F A 61 77 1 09 A 8E 2F C 91 E 3
78 12 F6C C9 1A EC 2F DA 961 B7 C1 609 2A 78E 12 6C C9 AE C3 2FD
E1 F6 C 1A EC 32 DA 96 B7 7C 60 2A 78 12 F6 C9 1A C 2F A

length and hence find Entropy of the system.

Page 1 of 2
Compare and comment on the results of both

Draw the encoder for the above block code.

2F CC 91 E 32 FD 9 1B 7C 16 92 7 E1 F6 CC 1A EC 32 DA 96
6C 9 AE C3 FD A9 61B 77 16 09 A7 8E 2F CC 91 E 32 FD 9 1B

impulses for each are g1=100 g2=101 g3=111. Draw

C9 1A C3 2F A 61 77 C1 09 2A 8E 12F 6C 91 AE C3 FD A9 61B 77
iii) Manchester

1A EC 2F DA 961 B7 C1 60 2A 78E 12 6C C9 A C3 2F A 61 77 C1
3. Assume data wherever required and state it clearly.

EC 32F DA 96 B7 7C 60 92A 78 12 F6C C9 1A EC 2F DA 961 B7 C1 609

2. Attempt any three out of remaining five questions.

32 DA 96 1B 7C 160 92A 78 E12 F6 C 1A EC 32F DA 961 B7 7C1 60 2A M2 M 3 M4 M5

FD 9 1B 77 16 92 7 E1 F CC 91 EC 32 D 96 B 7C 60 92 78
A9 61B 77 C16 09 A7 8E 2F 6CC 91 AE 32 FD A9 1B 77C 16 92 A7 E1 0.25 0.15 0.12 0.08

DA961B77C16092A78E12F6CC91AEC32F
61 77 C1 09 2A 8E 12F 6C 91 AE C3 FD A9 61B 77 16 092 A7 8E1 2F

probability. Also draw their PSD and determine bandwidth.

B7 C 60 2A 78 12 6C C9 A C3 2F A 61 77 C1 09 A 8E 2F 6C

Verify the average code-word length using Shannon Fano.

7C 160 92A 78 E12 F6 C 1A EC 2F DA 961 B7 C1 60 2A 78E 12 6C C9
16 92 7 E1 F6 CC 91A EC 32 DA 96 B7 7C 60 92A 78 12 F6 C9 1A
M6

09 A7 8E 2F C 91 E 32 FD 9 1B 7C 16 92 7 E1 F6 CC 1A EC
0.10

2A 8E 12 6C C9 A C3 F A 61 77 1 09 A 8E 2F C 91 E 3
d) Explain the role of Hamming distance in error detection & correction?

78 12 F6C C9 1A EC 2F DA 961 B7 C1 609 2A 78E 12 6C C9 AE C3 2FD

A parity check matrix of a (7,4) Hamming code is given as follows:

Paper / Subject Code: 32202 / Digital Communication

E1 F6 C 1A EC 32 DA 96 B7 7C 60 2A 78 12 F6 C9 1A C 2F A
2F CC 91 E 32 FD 9 1B 7C 16 92 7 E1 F6 CC 1A EC 32 DA 96

Determine the error detecting and correcting capability of system,

b) Define Entropy of an information source? When is the entropy maximum?
a) Stating the relationship between PDF and CDF, give the properties of PDF.

6C 9 AE C3 FD A9 61B 77 16 09 A7 8E 2F CC 91 E 32 FD 9 1B
C9 1A C3 2F A 61 77 C1 09 2A 8E 12F 6C 91 AE C3 FD A9 61B 77

Sketch the encoder and syndrome calculator for the generator polynomial
1A EC 2F DA 961 B7 C1 60 2A 78E 12 6C C9 A C3 2F A 61 77 C1

A convolution encoder has a constraint length of 3 and code rate of 1/3. The
EC 32F DA 96 B7 7C 60 92A 78 12 F6C C9 1A EC 2F DA 961 B7 C1 609

Draw the signal space diagram for 16-PSK and 16-QAM and find their error
32 DA 96 1B 7C 160 92A 78 E12 F6 C 1A EC 32F DA 961 B7 7C1 60 2A
FD 9 1B 77 16 92 7 E1 F CC 91 EC 32 D 96 B 7C 60 92
e) For impulse responses g1={1,1,0}, g2={0,1,0}, g3={1,1,1} design the state diagram.

A9 61B 77 C16 09 A7 8E 2F 6CC 91 AE 32 FD A9 1B 77C 16 92 A7

c) Over a long transmission line draw the following data format for the binary sequence

61 77 C1 09 2A 8E 12F 6C 91 AE C3 FD A9 61B 77 16 092 A7

B7 C 60 2A 78 12 6C C9 A C3 2F A 61 77 C1 09 A 8E
7C 160 92A 78 E12 F6 C 1A EC 2F DA 961 B7 C1 60 2A 78E

Find Generator matrix, using which find out the code-words of 1100 and 0101 ,
16 92 7 E1 F6 CC 91A EC 32 DA 96 B7 7C 60 92A 78 1
20
Marks: 80

10
10
10
10
10

09 A7 8E 2F C 91 E 32 FD 9 1B 7C 16 92 7 E1
a) A discrete memoryless source has an alphabet of six symbol with their probabilities as

Determine the Minimum Variance Huffman code-words and average code-word

10
2A 8E 12 6C C9 A C3 F A 61 77 1 09 A 8E 2
78 12 F6C C9 1A EC 2F DA 961 B7 C1 609 2A 78E 12
E1 F6 C 1A EC 32 DA 96 B7 7C 60 2A 78 12 F6
2F CC 91 E 32 FD 9 1B 7C 16 92 7 E1 F6
6C 9 AE C3 FD A9 61B 77 16 09 A7 8E 2F C
C9 1A C3 2F A 61 77 C1 09 2A 8E 12F 6C
1A EC 2F DA 961 B7 C1 60 2A 78E 12 6C C
EC 32F DA 96 B7 7C 60 92A 78 12 F6C C9
32 DA 96 1B 7C 160 92A 78 E12 F6 C
FD 9 1B 77 16 92 7 E1 F CC 91
1T01025 - T.E.(ELECTRONICS & TELE-COMMN)(Sem V) (Choice Based) / 32202 - Digital Communication

A9 61B 77 C16 09 A7 8E 2F 6CC 91

6 C 2 8 1 6 A
 B7 C 60 2A 78 12 6C C9 A C3
7 1 9 E F 1 E
77 C16 6092 2A7 78E1 12F 6CC C91 AE C32 2FD
C1 09 A 8E 2F 6C 9 AE C3 FD A9
7C 60 2A 78 12 6 C 1A C 2F A 61
C 9
C1 1609 92A 78E E12F F6C C9 1AE EC3 32FDDA9 961B B77
60 2A 78 12 6C C9 1A C3 2F A 61 77 C1
16 92 7 E1 F6 C 1A EC 2 DA 96 B7 C 60
09 A 8E 2 C 9 E 3 FD 9 1 7 1 9
09 2A7 78E 12F F6C C91 1AE C32 2FD A9 61B B77C C16 6092 2A7
2A 8E 12 6C C9 A C3 F A 61 77 1 09 A 8E
92 78 1 F6 C 1A EC 2F DA 96 B7 C 60 2A 78 12
A 2 1 1 E

Q5

Q6
2A 78E E12 F6C CC9 91A EC3 32F DA 961 B77 7C1 609 92A 78E 12F F6C
78 12 F6C C9 1A EC 2F DA 961 B7 C1 609 2A 78E 12 6C C9
78 E12 F6C C9 1A EC 32F DA 961 B7 7C1 609 2A 78E 12 F6C C9 1AE
E 3 7 F 1

71272
8E 12F F6C C91 1AE EC3 2FDDA9 961B B77 C16 6092 2A7 78E1 12F 6CC C91 AEC C32
1 2 6 C 9 A C 2 F A 6 1 7 C 1 0 A 8 E 2 6 C 9 A
E1 F6 CC 1A EC 32 DA 96 B7 7C 60 92A 78 12 F6 C9 1A EC 32F FDA
2F CC 91 E 32 FD 9 1B 7C 16 92 7 E1 F6 CC 1A EC 32 DA 96
6C 9 AE C3 FD A9 61B 77 16 09 A7 8E 2F CC 91 E 32 FD 9 1B

2
C9 1A C3 2F A 61 77 C1 09 2A 8E 12F 6C 91 AE C3 FD A9 61B 77
1A EC 2F DA 961 B7 C1 60 2A 78E 12 6C C9 A C3 2F A 61 77 C1
EC 32F DA 96 B7 7C 60 92A 78 12 F6C C9 1A EC 2F DA 961 B7 C1 609
32 DA 96 1B 7C 160 92A 78 E12 F6 C 1A EC 32F DA 961 B7 7C1 60 2A
FD 9 1B 77 16 92 7 E1 F CC 91 EC 32 D 96 B 7C 60 92 78
A9 61B 77 C16 09 A7 8E 2F 6CC 91 AE 32 FD A9 1B 77C 16 92 A7 E1
61 77 C1 09 2A 8E 12F 6C 91 AE C3 FD A9 61B 77 16 092 A7 8E1 2F
B7 C 60 2A 78 12 6C C9 A C3 2F A 61 77 C1 09 A 8E 2F 6C
7C 160 92A 78 E12 F6 C 1A EC 2F DA 961 B7 C1 60 2A 78E 12 6C C9
16 92 7 E1 F6 CC 91A EC 32 DA 96 B7 7C 60 92A 78 12 F6 C9 1A
09 A7 8E 2F C 91 E 32 FD 9 1B 7C 16 92 7 E1 F6 CC 1A EC
2A 8E 12 6C C9 A C3 F A 61 77 1 09 A 8E 2F C 91 E 3
78 12 F6C C9 1A EC 2F DA 961 B7 C1 609 2A 78E 12 6C C9 AE C3 2FD
E1 F6 C 1A EC 32 DA 96 B7 7C 60 2A 78 12 F6 C9 1A C 2F A
2F CC 91 E 32 FD 9 1B 7C 16 92 7 E1 F6 CC 1A EC 32 DA 96
6C 9 AE C3 FD A9 61B 77 16 09 A7 8E 2F CC 91 E 32 FD 9 1B

c) Need for error control codes.

C9 1A C3 2F A 61 77 C1 09 2A 8E 12F 6C 91 AE C3 FD A9 61B 77
a) Modified duo-binary encoder
1A EC 2F DA 961 B7 C1 60 2A 78E 12 6C C9 A C3 2F A 61 77 C1
EC 32F DA 96 B7 7C 60 92A 78 12 F6C C9 1A EC 2F DA 961 B7 C1 609
32 DA 96 1B 7C 160 92A 78 E12 F6 C 1A EC 32F DA 961 B7 7C1 60 2A
FD 9 1B 77 16 92 7 E1 F CC 91 EC 32 D 96 B 7C 60 92 78
A9 61B 77 C16 09 A7 8E 2F 6CC 91 AE 32 FD A9 1B 77C 16 92 A7 E1
61 77 C1 09 2A 8E 12F 6C 91 AE C3 FD A9 61B 77 16 092 A7 8E1 2F
B7 C 60 2A 78 12 6C C9 A C3 2F A 61 77 C1 09 A 8E 2F 6C
7C 160 92A 78 E12 F6 C 1A EC 2F DA 961 B7 C1 60 2A 78E 12 6C C9
16 92 7 E1 F6 CC 91A EC 32 DA 96 B7 7C 60 92A 78 12 F6 C9 1A
09 A7 8E 2F C 91 E 32 FD 9 1B 7C 16 92 7 E1 F6 CC 1A EC
2A 8E 12 6C C9 A C3 F A 61 77 1 09 A 8E 2F C 91 E 3
Explain with the required diagrams (Any Three):

78 12 F6C C9 1A EC 2F DA 961 B7 C1 609 2A 78E 12 6C C9 AE C3 2FD

E1 F6 C 1A EC 32 DA 96 B7 7C 60 2A 78 12 F6 C9 1A C 2F A

Page 2 of 2
2F CC 91 E 32 FD 9 1B 7C 16 92 7 E1 F6 CC 1A EC 32 DA 96
b) Shannon Hartley Theorem for Channel Capacity

6C 9 AE C3 FD A9 61B 77 16 09 A7 8E 2F CC 91 E 32 FD 9 1B
C9 1A C3 2F A 61 77 C1 09 2A 8E 12F 6C 91 AE C3 FD A9 61B 77
1A EC 2F DA 961 B7 C1 60 2A 78E 12 6C C9 A C3 2F A 61 77 C1
EC 32F DA 96 B7 7C 60 92A 78 12 F6C C9 1A EC 2F DA 961 B7 C1 609
***********************
d) Define the following terms and give their significance

32 DA 96 1B 7C 160 92A 78 E12 F6 C 1A EC 32F DA 961 B7 7C1 60 2A

FD 9 1B 77 16 92 7 E1 F CC 91 EC 32 D 96 B 7C 60 92 78
A9 61B 77 C16 09 A7 8E 2F 6CC 91 AE 32 FD A9 1B 77C 16 92 A7 E1

DA961B77C16092A78E12F6CC91AEC32F
be taken to reduce ISI. How to study ISI using eye pattern?

61 77 C1 09 2A 8E 12F 6C 91 AE C3 FD A9 61B 77 16 092 A7 8E1 2F

B7 C 60 2A 78 12 6C C9 A C3 2F A 61 77 C1 09 A 8E 2F 6C
7C 160 92A 78 E12 F6 C 1A EC 2F DA 961 B7 C1 60 2A 78E 12 6C C9
16 92 7 E1 F6 CC 91A EC 32 DA 96 B7 7C 60 92A 78 12 F6 C9 1A
09 A7 8E 2F C 91 E 32 FD 9 1B 7C 16 92 7 E1 F6 CC 1A EC
2A 8E 12 6C C9 A C3 F A 61 77 1 09 A 8E 2F C 91 E 3
78 12 F6C C9 1A EC 2F DA 961 B7 C1 609 2A 78E 12 6C C9 AE C3 2FD
domain approach. Verify the code vector using transform approach.
Paper / Subject Code: 32202 / Digital Communication

E1 F6 C 1A EC 32 DA 96 B7 7C 60 2A 78 12 F6 C9 1A C 2F A
2F CC 91 E 32 FD 9 1B 7C 16 92 7 E1 F6 CC 1A EC 32 DA 96
(i) Mean (ii) Central moment (iii) Variance (iv)Standard deviation

6C 9 AE C3 FD A9 61B 77 16 09 A7 8E 2F CC 91 E 32 FD 9 1B
C9 1A C3 2F A 61 77 C1 09 2A 8E 12F 6C 91 AE C3 FD A9 61B 77
1A EC 2F DA 961 B7 C1 60 2A 78E 12 6C C9 A C3 2F A 61 77 C1
EC 32F DA 96 B7 7C 60 92A 78 12 F6C C9 1A EC 2F DA 961 B7 C1 609
32 DA 96 1B 7C 160 92A 78 E12 F6 C 1A EC 32F DA 961 B7 7C1 60 2A
g(x)=1+x2+x3 and obtain the syndrome for the received code-word 1101011.

FD 9 1B 77 16 92 7 E1 F CC 91 EC 32 D 96 B 7C 60 92
and g ={0,1,1}. Find the code vector for the message stream 11010 using time
b) Consider a convolution encoder with the constraint length K=3 and g1= {1,0,1}

A9 61B 77 C16 09 A7 8E 2F 6CC 91 AE 32 FD A9 1B 77C 16 92 A7

61 77 C1 09 2A 8E 12F 6C 91 AE C3 FD A9 61B 77 16 092 A7
B7 C 60 2A 78 12 6C C9 A C3 2F A 61 77 C1 09 A 8E
7C 160 92A 78 E12 F6 C 1A EC 2F DA 961 B7 C1 60 2A 78E
a) Discuss the problem of inter symbol interference (ISI). Explain the measures to 10

16 92 7 E1 F6 CC 91A EC 32 DA 96 B7 7C 60 92A 78 1
20
10

09 A7 8E 2F C 91 E 32 FD 9 1B 7C 16 92 7 E1
2A 8E 12 6C C9 A C3 F A 61 77 1 09 A 8E 2
78 12 F6C C9 1A EC 2F DA 961 B7 C1 609 2A 78E 12
E1 F6 C 1A EC 32 DA 96 B7 7C 60 2A 78 12 F6
2F CC 91 E 32 FD 9 1B 7C 16 92 7 E1 F6
6C 9 AE C3 FD A9 61B 77 16 09 A7 8E 2F C
C9 1A C3 2F A 61 77 C1 09 2A 8E 12F 6C
1A EC 2F DA 961 B7 C1 60 2A 78E 12 6C C
EC 32F DA 96 B7 7C 60 92A 78 12 F6C C9
32 DA 96 1B 7C 160 92A 78 E12 F6 C
FD 9 1B 77 16 92 7 E1 F CC 91
A9 61B 77 C16 09 A7 8E 2F 6CC 91
6 C 2 8 1 6 A