True/False (10 questions)
1. Rivers can only be a friend to people and never a foe.
2. The source of the River Tees is in the Pennines.
3. Evaporation occurs when water vapor forms clouds in the sky.
4. River erosion only occurs in the middle course of a river.
5. A waterfall forms at a steep drop due to a difference in rock types.
6. Slip-off slopes are found on the outside of a meander.
7. Groundwater flow refers to water that infiltrates the soil and moves towards a river.
8. The River Tees flows into the Irish Sea.
9. River erosion involves abrasion, attrition, hydraulic action, and corrosion.
10. The water cycle involves only two main processes: evaporation and condensation.
Multiple Choice (10 questions)
1. Which of the following is not a process of river erosion?
o a) Attrition
o b) Hydraulic action
o c) Percolation
o d) Abrasion
2. Where is the mouth of the River Tees?
o a) Atlantic Ocean
o b) Irish Sea
o c) North Sea
o d) English Channel
3. Which term describes water soaking into the soil?
o a) Evaporation
o b) Infiltration
o c) Runoff
o d) Condensation
4. What is the steep-sided landform created by vertical erosion near a river's source?
o a) Meander
o b) V-shaped valley
o c) Floodplain
o d) Ox-bow lake
5. What forms when a meander is cut off from the main river?
o a) Interlocking spurs
o b) Ox-bow lake
o c) River cliff
o d) Slip-off slope
6. What is the term for water moving over the surface of the land?
o a) Surface runoff
o b) Throughflow
o c) Infiltration
o d) Groundwater flow
7. Which of the following terms refers to water being stored in a lake?
o a) Interception
o b) Percolation
o c) Stored
o d) Runoff
8. A hydrologist is responsible for studying:
o a) Ocean currents
o b) River transport
o c) Drainage basin processes
o d) Glacier movement
9. Where does deposition in a river usually occur?
o a) On the outside bend of a meander
o b) On the inside bend of a meander
o c) Near the source of a river
o d) In the upper course of a river
10. What happens when the velocity of a river decreases?
a) Erosion increases
b) Deposition occurs
c) Riverbanks widen
d) Flooding begins
Fill in the Blank (10 questions)
1. The source of the River Tees is located in _______.
2. _______ refers to water soaking into the soil.
3. River _______ involves the wearing away of river banks by flowing water.
4. The term _______ describes when a river loses energy and drops its load.
5. A _______ is created when a meander is cut off from the river.
6. The _______ of a river is where it meets the sea or a lake.
7. A _______ pool forms at the base of a waterfall.
8. _______ is the process where water vapor forms clouds.
9. _______ is the term for water running over the land's surface.
10. The _______ is the point where a river begins.
Short Question/Answer (20 questions)
1. What is the source of the River Tees?
2. Define the process of river erosion.
3. What are the four types of river erosion?
4. What is the role of hydrologists?
5. Explain the process of a waterfall forming.
6. What causes deposition in a river?
7. How are meanders formed?
8. What is a floodplain?
9. Define the term “cross profile” of a river.
10. What happens to the river's load during transportation?
11. Why are settlements often located near rivers?
12. What is the water cycle?
13. How does surface runoff occur?
14. What is throughflow in a drainage basin?
15. Define the process of attrition.
16. What is the difference between vertical and lateral erosion?
17. Explain how ox-bow lakes are formed.
18. What causes a river cliff to form?
19. Describe the impact of rivers on the landscape.
20. How do rivers affect human settlements?
Writing-Long (3 questions)
1. Describe how the processes of erosion, transportation, and deposition shape the landscape
of a river from its source to its mouth.
2. Explain the importance of rivers to human settlements and the potential dangers they
pose.
3. Discuss how hydrologists contribute to managing flood risks and the tools they use to
study river processes.
True/False (10 questions)
1. Development refers to improvements in people’s quality of life.
2. The Human Development Index only measures income levels.
3. BRICS stands for Brazil, Russia, India, China, and Spain.
4. Bilateral aid involves one country giving assistance to another.
5. Gender equality has no impact on a country’s development.
6. Poverty is caused solely by a lack of money.
7. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were introduced by the United Nations.
8. Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) do not play a role in supporting development.
9. Development changes over time based on economic and social factors.
10. Every country in the world has equal access to resources.
Multiple Choice (10 questions)
1. What does BRICS stand for?
o a) Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa
o b) Belgium, Romania, India, China, and Spain
o c) Brazil, Rwanda, Indonesia, Chile, and South Africa
o d) Bolivia, Russia, Iceland, Canada, and Sudan
2. Which of the following is a key way to measure development?
o a) Birth rate
o b) Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita
o c) Fertility rate
o d) Crime rate
3. The Human Development Index measures:
o a) Life expectancy, education, and income
o b) Agricultural output and technology use
o c) Gender equality and infrastructure
o d) Population density and literacy
4. What is bilateral aid?
o a) Aid provided by two or more countries
o b) Aid given from one country to another
o c) Aid delivered by international organizations
o d) Aid focused on poverty reduction alone
5. Which of the following is NOT a Sustainable Development Goal (SDG)?
o a) Gender equality
o b) Quality education
o c) Nuclear disarmament
o d) Clean water and sanitation
6. What is one reason people live in poverty?
o a) High levels of education
o b) Limited access to healthcare and resources
o c) Abundant natural resources
o d) Rapid technological advancement
7. NGOs mainly focus on:
o a) Profit maximization
o b) Supporting global markets
o c) Development assistance and humanitarian aid
o d) Environmental degradation
8. How is development often measured over time?
o a) By comparing infrastructure growth
o b) Through changes in cultural heritage
o c) By analyzing Human Development Index changes
o d) By studying population increase
9. What organization developed the Sustainable Development Goals?
o a) World Health Organization
o b) United Nations
o c) European Union
o d) BRICS
10. Gender equality can contribute to development by:
a) Reducing environmental pollution
b) Increasing female participation in education and the workforce
c) Lowering the national birth rate
d) Decreasing the number of natural disasters
Fill in the Blank (10 questions)
1. The Human Development Index includes life expectancy, ______, and income levels.
2. ______ refers to the process of improving people's quality of life.
3. The ______ Goals are a set of 17 objectives created by the United Nations.
4. ______ aid involves assistance from one country to another.
5. NGOs stand for ______.
6. BRICS includes Brazil, Russia, India, China, and ______.
7. Poverty is often caused by limited access to ______.
8. Gender equality can increase ______ participation, contributing to development.
9. Development can be measured by analyzing changes in ______ indicators over time.
10. One of the Sustainable Development Goals is to reduce ______ by 2030.
Short Question/Answer (20 questions)
1. What is development?
2. What are the three main dimensions of the Human Development Index?
3. Name two reasons people live in poverty.
4. Explain what bilateral aid is.
5. What are the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?
6. How does gender equality impact development?
7. What countries are part of BRICS?
8. Why is education an important factor in development?
9. What role do NGOs play in development?
10. How can development change over time?
11. What is the purpose of the Human Development Index?
12. Explain how the Sustainable Development Goals aim to reduce poverty.
13. What is the importance of life expectancy in measuring development?
14. How does access to clean water contribute to development?
15. Why is income a key factor in development?
16. Explain the term “multilateral aid.”
17. What are the main causes of poverty?
18. How can poverty be reduced through development initiatives?
19. What is the significance of gender equality in improving the economy?
20. How do countries and organizations support global development?
Writing-Long (3 questions)
1. Discuss the importance of the Human Development Index (HDI) and its role in
measuring a country’s development.
2. Explain how the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aim to create a more equitable
and sustainable world, providing examples of specific goals and their targets.
3. Analyze the role of gender equality in the economic and social development of a country,
highlighting its impact on poverty reduction, education, and workforce participation.
True/False (10 questions)
1. A coastline is the area where land meets the sea.
2. Geomorphology is the study of how coastlines remain unchanged over time.
3. Freeze-thaw is a type of biological weathering.
4. Headlands are formed from harder rock that erodes more slowly than surrounding softer
rock.
5. Waves contribute to erosion through processes like hydraulic action and attrition.
6. Destructive waves build up beaches over time.
7. Longshore drift transports beach material along the coast.
8. A tombolo is a ridge of sand that connects two islands.
9. Caves, arches, stacks, and stumps are all landforms created by erosion.
10. Deposition is the process of eroding material along the coastline.
Multiple Choice (10 questions)
1. What is the scientific study of the Earth's landforms and processes called?
o a) Geology
o b) Geomorphology
o c) Meteorology
o d) Geography
2. Which of the following is NOT a type of coastal erosion?
o a) Hydraulic action
o b) Abrasion
o c) Deposition
o d) Attrition
3. What landform is created when softer rock erodes quickly, leaving harder rock behind?
o a) Bay
o b) Headland
o c) Tombolo
o d) Wave-cut platform
4. What is a spit?
o a) A landform created by the buildup of sand and shingle
o b) A ridge of sand connecting an island to the mainland
o c) A deep pool formed by wave erosion
o d) A valley carved by a river
5. Which process describes the movement of beach material along the coast?
o a) Deposition
o b) Longshore drift
o c) Weathering
o d) Attrition
6. What causes waves to form?
o a) Tides controlled by the Moon
o b) Earthquakes under the sea
o c) The movement of wind over the sea surface
o d) The rotation of the Earth
7. Which type of wave builds up beaches?
o a) Destructive waves
o b) Constructive waves
o c) Longshore drift
o d) Hydraulic action
8. What happens when waves lose energy?
o a) Erosion increases
o b) The material is deposited
o c) Headlands are formed
o d) Caves turn into arches
9. Which landform is created by the deposition of eroded material?
o a) Cave
o b) Stack
o c) Spit
o d) Cliff
10. What material is most likely to be deposited first by waves?
a) Small pebbles
b) Fine sand
c) Large rocks
d) Organic matter
Fill in the Blank (10 questions)
1. Geomorphology is the study of how the Earth’s _______ change over time.
2. A _______ is the landform left behind when softer rock erodes quickly.
3. _______ is the process of material being worn down and carried away by waves.
4. Waves break when they become _______ as they reach the shore.
5. _______ waves are responsible for building up beaches.
6. Longshore drift moves material along the _______.
7. The process of waves depositing material on the shore is called _______.
8. A _______ is a landform where sand connects an island to the mainland.
9. _______ refers to water entering cracks in rock and freezing, causing the rock to break.
10. A wave-cut _______ is formed by the continuous erosion of cliffs.
Question/Answer (20 questions)
1. What is geomorphology?
2. How do headlands and bays form?
3. Describe the process of hydraulic action.
4. What is longshore drift?
5. How does a spit form?
6. Explain the difference between constructive and destructive waves.
7. What is the role of waves in the transportation of beach material?
8. How does weathering contribute to coastal erosion?
9. What is a wave-cut platform?
10. How do caves eventually turn into stumps?
11. Define attrition in the context of coastal erosion.
12. How do waves influence the deposition of beach material?
13. What is a tombolo, and how does it form?
14. Explain how freeze-thaw weathering affects coastal cliffs.
15. What is a stack, and how is it formed?
16. How do geomorphic processes change coastlines over time?
17. What is the difference between a headland and a bay?
18. Describe the process of deposition along a beach.
19. How do human activities impact coastal landforms?
20. What factors influence the rate of coastal erosion?
Writing-Long (3 questions)
1. Discuss the importance of geomorphology in understanding how coastlines evolve over
time. Include the roles of weathering, erosion, and deposition in your discussion.
2. Explain the process by which caves, arches, stacks, and stumps are formed, detailing the
key stages of landform development along a coastline.
3. Evaluate the impact of longshore drift on coastal landforms, providing examples of how
this process shapes beaches and spits.
