SCHEME OF WORK FOR SS 2, THIRD TERM

WEEKS TOPICS
1-3 System development cycle

4-5 Program development

6-8 Programing language

9-10 Algorithm, Flowchart and BASIC Language

11 Revision

12 Examination
 LESSON PLAN FOR WEEKS 6-8

SUBJECT TOPIC
ICT Programming languages

Subject: ICT
Topic :- Programming Languages
Reference book: Computer studies for Junior Secondary Education by Hiit plc.
Duration:- 40 mins
Behaviourial Objectives:- At the end of the lesson, students should be able to define:
(i) Define computer programming language
(ii) Differentiate between low and high level language
(iii) Define translator and explain different types of translator
(iv) Explain the relationship between hardware, software and
people ware
Presentation:- The teachers writes the topic on the board for the students to read.

CONTENT
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

COMPUTER LANGUAGE :- This is a system of instructions and commands for operating

a computer. It is a language that the computer understands and executes.
LANGUAGE:- is a system of communication by written or spoken word which is used by
the people of a particular country.
PROGRAM:- Is a series of instructions which enables the computer to execute a given tasks
or solve a problem.
PROGRAMMING :- Is the process or the act of giving the computer a set of instructions to
carry out a specific task
COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE:- This is a large number of steps required
to carry out a procedure.
Types of computer languages
1. Low level languages
2. High level languages
Programming languages:- Is a set of grammatical rules for instructing a computer to
perform specific tasks.
1. Low Level Languages:-
These are machine oriented. It can be converted to machine code without using a
computer or interpreter and the resulting code runs directly on the processor. There
are two types of low level languages
(a) Machine and (b) assembly languages.
(a) MACHINE LANGUAGES
This is the only language the computer understands. It consist of numbers i.e
1011011. This language is machine dependent, this means that a program written
in a machine language on a computer can only run on that particular computer.
(b) ASSEMBLY LANGUAGES
Assembly languages have the same structure and set of commands as machine
languages. It uses mnemonic codes or symbols such as ADD for addition, STO for
stop, SUB for subtraction etc. in assembly language programmers use names
instead of numbers.
2. HIGH- LEVEL LANGUAGE:
High- level languages are considered high-level because they are human
understandable languages. They are problem oriented languages and machine
independent.
 Examples are:-
(i) COBOL
(ii) BASIC
(iii) FORTRAN
(iv) C
Differences between high level languages and low level languages.
High level language Low level language
1. They are human understandable They are machine language
language
2. They use human language such as They use machine languages of 0s and 1s
English and French
3. They allow programmers to write The programs are machine dependent
programs that are not dependent on the
design of the CPU

TRANSLATORS
A translator is a software that convers program written in a source code, into an object
code that the computer understands
Types of translators
1. Assemblers :- Converts an assembly program into machine code also known as
object code or object program.
2. Compilers:- A compiler is a program that translates high-level language into
machine code before execution.
3. Interpreters:- These are programs that translates high- level source code into
executable code during execution.
Stages involved in writing computer programs
There are various stages involved in writing a good computer program they are:-
1. Problem identification/definition:- This stage tries to identify the problems at
hand
2. Problem analysis :- This is the stage where a step-by-step procedure of solving
the problem is written out.
3. Symbolic representation:- This is the step-by-step representation of all that is
expected in pictorial forms called a flowchart. Flowcharting involves the
documentation, in symbolic form (diagram) of the processing steps (algorithms)
involved in the program.
Examples of flowchart symbols
Terminal symbol

Input/ output symbol

Decision box

Processing box

Arrow

Coding:- The flowchart program is coded using any of the programming languages
convenient for the programmer.
Testing or running the program:- the instructions are fed into the computer and usually
tested by simple data to test various sections of the program.
Documentation:- This involves writing down the steps involved in running the program
successfully.
Maintenance:- program maintenances is the process of updating a previously written
program for current use.

Evaluation:- (1) What is programming language?

(2) draw out four flowchart symbols
Assignment:- (1) define computer programming
(2) differentiate between low level and hihg0level language
 LESSON PLAN FOR WEEKS 6-8,

SUBJECT TOPIC
ICT Algorithms and flowchart

Subject: ICT
Topic :- Algorithms and flowchart
Reference book: Computer studies for Senior Secondary Education by Hiit plc
Duration:- 40 mins
Behaviourial Objectives:- At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
(i) Define algorithms and flowchart
(ii) List Characteristics of algorithms
(iii) List Characteristics of algorithms
(iv) Draw 7 flow charting symbols
Presentation:- The teachers writes the topic on the board for the students to read.
Algorithms and flowchart
Algorithm:- Algorithm can be defined as a step by step procedure of solving a particular
problem. It is simply a sequence of clear and precise instructions for solving a particular
problem. Algorithms are usually written in English and some few mathematical notation.
Characteristics of algorithms
1. They are written in sequence
2. They are written in English like statements
3. Finite, it must have a beginning and an end.
4. An algorithm should be effective
5. It must note be ambiguous and
6. It must be consistent.
Example
An algorithm to calculate average of three numbers
Step 1: enter the first number N1
Step 2:- Enter the second number N2
Step 3 : Enter the third number N3
Step 4: Calculate the total (N! +N2 +N3)
Step 5 : Calculate the average (N! +N2 + N3) /3
Step 6: Print total
Step 7 : Print average
Step 8 : End
FLOWCHART
A flowchart can be defined as a diagrammatical representation of an algorithm. It shows
the steps involved in solving a particular task.
Characteristics of a flowchart
1. Different flowcharting symbols are used for different operations
 2. Flow lines are used to connect the flowcharting symbols
3. Flowcharts are read and drawn from top to bottom
4. The start symbol indicates the beginning of a program
5. The end symbol signifies the end of a program.
Flowcharting symbols

Flow line
Terminator
Process
Start/end

Input/output

Decision Preparation

Pre – defined

Connector Process
Connector
 A flowchart to input and calculate three numbers and print total
Solution

Start

Input first number

Input second number

Input third number

Calculate the total

and average of the 3
numbers

Print average

End
Evaluation:-

(i) Define algorithms and flowchart

(ii) List Characteristics of algorithms
(iii) List Characteristics of algorithms
(iv) Draw 7 flow charting symbols
 Basic programming 11

These are mathematical functions that are built into BASIC. Some common BASIC
FUNCTIONS ARE:
(I) SQR ( )
(II) ABS ( )
(III) LOG ( )
(IV) SIN ( )
(V) COS ( )
(VI) TAN ( )
(VII) INT ( )
(VIII) RND ( )
(IX) EXP ( )
SIMPLE BASIC PROGRAMS TO ILLUSTRATE BUILT IN FUCTIONS
i. SQR : - Finds the square root of a positive number
e.g 10 PRINT SQR (255)
ii. ABS : This displays the absolute value of a given number
e.g 10 cls
20 LET A = 10
30 LET B = 12
40 LET C = A= B
50 PRINT ABS ©
60 END
iii. LOG : Using natural logarithm
10 cls
20 print LOG (267)
iv. SIN: finds the sine of an angle
e.g 10 cls
20 CONSTP1= 3.141592654
30 PRINT (SIN (90*(PI/180)))
40 END

v. COS :- Finds the cosine of an angle

e.g 10 CLS
20 CONST P1 = 3.141592654
30 PRINT ( COS (180*(P1/180)))
VI. TAN : Finds the tangent of an angle
10 print TAN (23)
VII. EXP:- find the exponential of a number
10 CLS
20 PRINT EXP (8)
30 END
VIII. INT: Find the integer of a real number
e.g 10 CLS
20 PRINT INT (2998.9)
30 END
 LESSON PLAN FOR WEEKS 4-5

SUBJECT TOPIC
ICT Program development

Subject: ICT
Topic :- Program development
Reference book: Computer studies for Senior Secondary Education by Hiit plc
Duration:- 40 mins
Behaviourial Objectives:- At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
(i) Define program
(ii) List the characteristics of a program
(iii) What are the precautions to be taken when writing a program
(iv) List Steps in program development

Presentation:- The teachers writes the topic on the board for the students to read.
Program development
What is a program
A computer program can be defined as a list of instruction issued to the computer to
perform a particular task. Programs are written in computer programming languages.
Characteristics of a good program
Every good program must have the following characteristics
(i) Accuracy
(ii) Readability
(iii) Maintainability
(iv) Efficiency
(v) Generally
(vi) Clarity
1. Accuracy: - Every good program must be error free
2. Readability: - The program must be easy for any programmer to read and understand.
3. Maintainability: - A carefully written program should be very easy to amend and
maintain if need be
4. Efficiency: - One of the characteristics of a good program is the ability to solve a
particular problem skillfully
5. Generality:- A good program should be able to solve similar problems.
6. Clarity:- every good and test program must be clear, straight forward and easy to
understand.
7. Reliability:- The program should be depended upon at all times.
Precautions to be taken when writing a program
1. Do not rush
2. Be careful, stable and patient when writing programs
3. No step should be skipped
4. The order of execution must be followed sequentially
Steps in program development
 Before coding a good program, there must be a proper planning and steps on hwo the
problem or program will be solved. The stps include the following:
1. Problem definition
2. Problem analysis
3. Planning the solution
4. Flowcharting
5. Desk checking
6. Program coding
7. Program testing/ debugging
8. Program documentation
Description of each stage
1. Problem definition : The programmer is expected to first of all understand the
problem and know exactly what the program entails. The definition of the problem
must not be ambiguous
2. Problem analysis:- the programmer is expected to analyze the problem to determine
how it will be solved the required inputs and output
3. Planning the solution: Before a program is written, the algorithm or flowchart for the
program must be drawn and tested before the actual coding of the program and this is
called dry running a program.
4. Program codding: - This is the actual writing or coding of the program in a
particular programming language e.g Basic, VBasic, FORTRAN, Pascal COBOL etc
5. Problem compilation: When the coding process is complete, the program will be
compiled if it is necessary. It is necessary to compile if the programming language
allows it.
6. Program testing :- This is similar to proof reading. The written program is tested and
errors corrected to check if the program is able to solve the problem it is expected to
solve it.
7. Program documentation:- This involves writing a detailed description about the
program and some specific facts pertaining to the usage and maintenance of the
program
8. Program running:- This is the actual running or execution of the program with the
compiler or interpreter so as to check if the desired output is generated.
9. Maintenance:- it is the process of updating or amending a previously written pram
for current use.
Interpreted and compiled program
Compiler characteristics
1. Spends a lot of time analyzing and processing the program
2. The resulting executable is some form of machine specific binary code
3. The computer hardware interprets (executes) the resulting code program
4. Execution is fast
Example of interpreted languages are:
1. BASIC
2. Perl
3. Python
4. PHP
Interpreter characteristics
1. Relatively little tie is pent analyzing and processing the program
2. The resulting code is some sort of intermediate code
3. The resulting code is interpreted by another program
4. Program execution is relatively slow
Examples of compiled languages are:
1. C
2. C++
3. COBOL
4. FORTRAN

Evaluation:
(i) Define program
(ii) List the characteristics of a program
(iii) What are the precautions to be taken when writing a program
(iv) List Steps in program development
 LESSON PLAN FOR WEEKS 1-3

SUBJECT TOPIC
ICT systems development cycle

Subject: ICT
Topic :- Systems development cycle
Reference book: Computer studies for Senior Secondary Education by Hiit plc
Duration:- 40 mins
Behaviourial Objectives:- At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
i. Explain system analysis, system design, system analyst.
ii. Define system
iii. Define information system
iv. List the components of information system
v. List the types of information system
vi. Define system development life cycle
vii. List the stages in system development life cycle.
CONTENT
SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT CYCLE
System analysis
System analysis is the process of understanding in detail what a system should accomplish,
how it will accomplish it and what is required to accomplish it.
System design: Is the process of specifying in detail how components of an information
system should be implemented physically
System analyst:- Is a person that uses analysis and design techniques to solve business
problems using information technology.
Skill of a systems analyst
To be a good and successful systems analyst, the person must have the following skills
1. Information technology knowledge and programming
2. Understand business problems
3. Use logical methods for solving problems
4. Ability to find facts about the problem and develop how it should be solved
5. Always wanting the improvement of the system
6. People management knowledge and skills
Concept of systems
What is a system?
A system is a collection of inter-related components that function together to form a
whole and achieve an outcome.
What is information system?
An information system is a collection of interrelated components that collects, process,
store and provide as an output needed to compete a (business) task.
Subsystem is a part of a larger system that can function on its own to perform a task.
 Information systems and component parts
The main components of information systems are:
(i) IT i.e hardware and software
(ii) Data/ Information
(iii) Procedures/ Policies
(iv) People
(v) Communication networks

Types of information systems

The classical types of Information systems found in organizations are
I. Transaction processing systems (TPS)
II. Management Information systems (MIS)
III. Decision support system (DSS)
IV. Executive information systems
Some new types of information system that cannot be classified as above
i. Data warehouse
ii. Enterprise resource planning system
iii. Enterprise systems
iv. Exper systems
v. Geographic information
vi. Global information system
vii. Office automation
SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (SDLC)
Systems development is a planned undertaking with a fixed beginning and end
that produces the desired result or product. It may be a large job that involves many people
working for a long period or it can also be a small assignment that one person can finish in a
day.
Definition of SDLC: The systems development life cycle is the process of understanding
how an information system (is) can support the business needs of an organization, designing
the system, building it and delivering it to the users.
Objectives of SDLC
1. To ensure that high quality systems are delivered
2. To provide strong controls over the system development
3. To maximize the productivity of the systems staff
Stages in systems development cycle
These stages can be characterized and divided up in different ways, including the
following:
i. Investigation stage
Ii. Systems design stage
iii. Systems design stage
iv. Systems implementation stage
v. Systems deployment stage
vi. Systems maintenance stage
WATERFALL SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT CYCLE DIAGRAM

Investigation stage

System analysis stage

Systems design stage

Systems Implementation stage

Systems deployment stage

Systems maintenance stage

Advantages of SDLC

1. Simple and easy to use

2. Easy to manage due to the rigidity of the model
3. Promotes consistency among systems development projects
Disadvantages of SDLC
1. Adjusting scope during the life cycle can kill a project
2. No working software is produced unit late during the life cycle
3. High amount of risk and uncertainty
4. Poor model for long and ongoing project.

Evaluation:- Explain system analysis, system design, system analyst.

i. Define system
ii. Define information system
iii. List the components of information system
iv. List the types of information system
v. Define system development life cycle
vi. List the stages in system development life cycle.