(Mathematic) CONTINUITY

DPP–01(CONTINUITY AT A POINT)
SOLUTION
Link to View Video Solution: Click Here
1. A function f(x) satisfies the following property: f(x + y) = f(x)f(y) Show that the function is
continuous for all values of x if it is continuous at x = 1.
Sol. As the function is continuous at 𝑥 = 1, we have

lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim+ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(1) or lim 𝑓(1 − ℎ) = lim 𝑓(1 + ℎ) = 𝑓(1)
𝑥→1− 𝑥→1 ℎ→0 ℎ→0

Or lim 𝑓(1)𝑓(−ℎ) = lim 𝑓(1)𝑓(ℎ) = 𝑓(1) [Using 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 𝑓(𝑥)𝑓(𝑦)]

ℎ→0 ℎ→0

Or lim 𝑓(−ℎ) = lim 𝑓(ℎ) = 1 … (i)

ℎ→0 ℎ→0

Now, consider any arbitrary point 𝑥 = a.

LHL = lim 𝑓(𝑎 − ℎ) = lim 𝑓(𝑎)𝑓(−ℎ) = 𝑓(𝑎)lim 𝑓(−ℎ) = 𝑓(𝑎) [As lim 𝑓(−ℎ) = 1, using (𝑖) ]
ℎ→0 ℎ→0 ℎ→0 ℎ→0

RHL = lim 𝑓(𝑎 + ℎ) = lim 𝑓(𝑎)𝑓(ℎ) = 𝑓(𝑎)lim 𝑓(ℎ) = 𝑓(𝑎) [As lim 𝑓(ℎ) = 1, using (i)]
ℎ→0 ℎ→0 ℎ→0 ℎ→0

[As limℎ→0 𝑓(ℎ) = 1, using (𝑖)]

Hence, at any arbitrary point (𝑥 = 𝑎), LHL = RHL = f(a).
Therefore, the function is continuous for all values of 𝑥 if it is continuous at 1 .

2. Find the points of discontinuity of the following functions.

1
(i) f(x) = 2sinx−1

(ii) f(x) = [[x]] − [x − 1], where [.] represent the greatest integer function.
𝜋 5𝜋
Ans. (i) x = 2n𝜋 + 6 or x = 2n𝜋 + ,n ∈ Z (ii) continuous  x  R.
6

1
Sol. (i) 𝑓(𝑥) = 2sin 𝑥−1
𝑓(𝑥) is discontinuous when 2sin 𝑥 − 1 = 0
or

1 𝜋 5𝜋
sin 𝑥 = , i.e., 𝑥 = 2𝑛𝜋 + or 𝑥 = 2𝑛𝜋 + ,𝑛 ∈ 𝑍
2 6 6

(ii) f(x) = [[x]] − [x − 1] = [x] − ([x] − 1) = 1.

Therefore, f(x) is continuous ∀x ∈ R.

APNI KAKSHA 1
(Mathematic) CONTINUITY

Link to View Video Solution: Click Here

loge cos x
4 , x>0
√1+x2 −1
3. Let f(x) = { esin4x −1
. Find the value of f(0) which makes the function continuous at x = 0,
, x<0
loge (1+tan 2x)

Ans. f(0) cannot be defined.

𝑒sin 4𝑥 −1
𝑒 sin 4𝑥 −1 sin 4𝑥 sin 4𝑥
Sol. LHL = lim− log = lim log𝑒
sin 4𝑥
(1+tan 2𝑥) ⇒ lim− tan 2𝑥 = 2
𝑥→0 𝑒 (1+tan 2𝑥) 𝑥→0− tan 2𝑥 𝑥→0
tan 2𝑥

log𝑒 cos 𝑥 −tan 𝑥

RHL = lim+ ( 4 ) = lim+ (1 3 ) = −2 [Using L'HR]
𝑥→0 √(1+𝑥2 )−1 𝑥→0 (1+𝑥 2 )−4 2𝑥
4

[Using L'HR]
Here 𝑓(0− ) ≠ f(0+ )
Hence 𝑓(𝑥) cannot be defined.
Hence, 𝑓(𝑥) has non-removable type of discontinuity.

π
cos −1 {cot x} x< 2
4. f(x) = { π; find jump of discontinuity , where [ ] denotes greatest integer & { }
π[x] − 1 x≥ 2

denotes fractional part function.

𝜋
Ans. −1
2
𝜋
cos −1 {cot 𝑥} 𝑥 < 2
Sol. f(x) = { 𝜋
𝜋[𝑥] − 1 𝑥 ≥ 2

𝜋 𝜋
lim𝑥→𝜋− f(x) = lim𝑥→𝜋− cos−1 {cot 𝑥} = limh→0 cos −1 {cot ( 2 − h)} = limh→0 cos−1 {tanh} =
2 2
2
𝜋
= lim 𝜋+ f(x) = lim 𝜋+ 𝜋[𝑥] − 1 = limh→0 𝜋 [ 2 + ℎ] − 1 = 𝜋 − 1
𝑥→ 𝑥→
2 2

𝜋 𝜋
∴ jump of discontinuity = (𝜋 − 1) − 2 = 2 − 1

|x + 1| ; x ≤ 0 |x| + 1; x ≤ 1
5. f(x) = { and g(x) = {
x; x>0 −|x − 2|; x > 1
Draw its graph and discuss the continuity of f(x) + g(x).
Ans. f(x) + g(x) is discontinuous at x = 0,1

APNI KAKSHA 2
(Mathematic) CONTINUITY
Link to View Video Solution: Click Here
𝑥 2 −1 𝑥 2 −1
Sol. 𝑓(1+ ) = lim+ 𝑥 2 −2|𝑥−1|−1 = lim+ 𝑥 2−2(𝑥−1)−1
𝑥→1 𝑥→1

(𝑥+1)(𝑥−1) 𝑥+1 (1+ℎ)+1 2+ℎ 2

= lim+ = lim+ 𝑥−1 = lim+ (1+ℎ)−1 = =0=∞
𝑥→1 (𝑥+1)−2 𝑥→1 𝑥→1 ℎ

(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1) 𝑥2 − 1 𝑥2 − 1 (1 − ℎ) + 1 2−ℎ 1
= lim− = lim+ = lim− 2 = lim+ =
𝑥→1 (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 3) 𝑥→1 𝑥 + 3 𝑥→1 𝑥 − 2(1 − 𝑥) − 1 (1 − ℎ) + 3 𝑥→1 4 − ℎ 2
(𝑥+1) 1
= lim− (𝑥+1)+2 = 2 . Hence, 𝑓(𝑥) is discontinuous at 𝑥 = 1.
𝑥→1

6. Draw the graph and discuss continuity of f(x) = [sin x + cos x], x ∈ [0,2π], where [.] represents the
greatest integer function.
𝜋 3𝜋 3𝜋 7𝜋
Ans. discontinuous at x = 0, 2 , , 𝜋, , , 2𝜋
4 2 4

Sol. Sol. 𝑓(𝑥) = [sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥] = [𝑔(𝑥)], where g(x) = sin x + cos x,
𝜋 𝜋
g(0) = 1, g (4 ) = √2, g ( 2 ) = 1

3𝜋 5𝜋
g ( ) = 0, g(𝜋) = −1, g ( ) = −√2
4 4
𝜋 3𝜋 3𝜋 7𝜋
Clearly, from the graph given in fig. 𝑓(𝑥) is discontinuous at 𝑥 = 0, 2 , , 𝜋, , , 2𝜋
4 2 4

1 π
7. Let f(x) = Limn→∞ , then find f ( 4 ) and also comment on the continuity at x = 0
1+nsin2 x
𝜋
Ans. f ( 4 ) = 0, f(x) is discontinuous at x = 0

1 𝜋 1 1
Sol. Let 𝑓(𝑥) = lim𝑛→∞ 1+𝑛sin2 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑓 (4 ) = lim𝑛→∞ 𝜋 = lim𝑛→∞ 1 =0
1+𝑛⋅sin2 1+𝑛( )
4 2
1 1 1
Now 𝑓(0) = lim𝑛→∞ 𝑛⋅sin2 (0)+1 = 1+0 = 1 ⇒ lim𝑥→0 𝑓(𝑥) = lim𝑥→0 [lim𝑛→∞ 1+𝑛sin2 𝑥 ] = 0
{here sin2 x is very small quantity but not zero and very small quantity when multiplied with ∞
becomes ∞} ∴ f(x) is not continuous at x = 0

APNI KAKSHA 3
(Mathematic) CONTINUITY
Link to View Video Solution: Click Here

x{x} + 1, 0≤x<1
8. Discuss the continuity of f(x) = { . where {x} denotes the fractional part
2 − {x}, 1≤x≤2
function.
Ans. discontinuous at x = 2

Sol. f(0) = f(0+ ) = 1 f(2) = 2 and f(2− ) = 1

Hence, 𝑓(𝑥) is discontinuous at 𝑥 = 2. Also, 𝑓(1+ ) = 2, 𝑓(1− ) = 1 + 1 = 2, and 𝑓(1) = 2 Hence, 𝑓(𝑥)
is continuous at 𝑥 = 1.

x + 2, when x < 1
9. If f(x) = {4x − 1, when 1 ≤ x ≤ 3, then correct statement is -
x 2 + 5, when x > 3
(A) limx→1 f(x) = limx→3 f(x) (B) f(x) is continuous at x = 3
(C) f(x) is continuous at x = 1 (D) f(x) is continuous at x = 1 and 3
Ans. C

x−ex +cos2x
10. If f(x) = , x ≠ 0 is continuous at x = 0, then
x2
5
(A) f(0) = 2 (B) [f(0)] = −2

(C) {f(0)} = −0.5 (D) [f(0)] ⋅ {f(0)} = −1.5

where [x] and {x} denotes greatest integer and fractional part function
Ans. D
𝑥−𝑒 𝑥 +1−(1−cos 2𝑥) 1 5
Sol. Lim𝑥→0 = − 2 − 2 = − 2;
𝑥2
5
Hence for continuity 𝑓(0) = − 2
5 1
∴ [f(0)] = −3; {f(0)} = {− } = ;
2 2
3
Hence [f(0)]{f(0)} = − 2 = −1.5

cos(sinx)−cos x
11. A function f(x) is defined as below f(x) = , x ≠ 0 and f(0) = a
x2
f(x) is continuous at x = 0 if 'a' equals
(A) 0 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6
Ans. A

APNI KAKSHA 4
(Mathematic) CONTINUITY
Link to View Video Solution: Click Here
Sol. Correct option is A)
By L'Hospital's Rule,
−sin (sin 𝑥)⋅cos 𝑥+sin 𝑥
= lim
𝑥→0 2𝑥

sin (sin 𝑥)sin 𝑥−cos2 𝑥⋅cos (sin 𝑥)+cos 𝑥

= lim
𝑥→0 2

−cos2 0⋅cos (0)+cos 0 0

= =2 =0=a
2

x{x} + 1 0≤x<1
12. Consider the function f(x) = [ where {x} denotes the fractional part function.
2 − {x} 1≤x≤2
Which one of the following statements is NOT correct?
(A) Limx→1 f(x) exists (B) f(0) ≠ f(2)
(C) f(x) is continuous in [0,2] (D) Rolle's theorem is not applicable to f(x) in [0,2]
Ans. C
Sol. f(1+ ) = f(1− ) = f(1) = 2 f(0) = 1, f(2) = 2
f(2− ) = 1; f(2) = 2
⇒ f is not continuous at x = 2

ex −cos 2x−x
13. Given f(x) = for x ∈ R − {0}
x2
1
f({x}) for n < x < n +
2
1 where {x} denotes
g(x) = f(1 − {x}) for n + ≤ x < n + 1, n ∈ I {
2 fractional part function
5
{2 otherwise
then g (x) is
(A) discontinuous at all integral values of x only
(B) continuous everywhere except for x = 0
1
(C) discontinuous at x = n + 2 ; n ∈ I and at some x ∈ I
(D) continuous everywhere
Ans. D

APNI KAKSHA 5
(Mathematic) CONTINUITY

Link to View Video Solution: Click Here

eh −cos 2 h−h
Sol. Limit h→0 g(n + h) = Limit h→0 h2

eh − h − 1 (1 − cos 2ℎ) 1 5
= Limit h→0 2
+ Limit h→0 2
⋅4= +2=
h 4ℎ 2 2
e1−{n−h} − cos 2(1 − {n − h}) − (1 − {n − h})
Limit h→0 g(n − h) =
(1 − {n − h})2

eh − cos 2 h − h 5
= Limh→0 = ({n − h} = {−h} = 1 − h)
h2 2
5
g(n) = . Hence 𝑔(x) is continuous at ∀x ∈ I.
2

Hence g(x) is continuous ∀x ∈ R

log(1+2ax)−log(1−bx)
,x ≠ 0
14. If f(x) = { x , is continuous at x = 0, then k is equal to -
k ,x = 0
(A) 2a + b (B) 2a − b (C) b − 2a (D) a + b
Ans. A
log (1+2𝑎𝑥)−log (1−𝑏𝑥)
, 𝑥≡0
Sol. Given, 𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑥 is continuous at 𝑥 = 0.
k, 𝑥=0
log (1+2𝑎𝑥)−log (1−𝑏𝑥) 0
∴ 𝑓(0) = lim (0 form )
𝑥→0 𝑥

1 1
(2𝑎)− (−𝑏)
⇒ 𝑘 = lim 2𝑎𝑥+1 1−𝑏𝑥
(by 'L' Hospital's rule)
𝑥→0 +1

2𝑎 𝑏
⇒ k = 0+1 + 1−0 = 2𝑎 + 𝑏

1−cos4x
,x < 0
x2
15. If f(x) = a , x = 0, then correct statement is -
√x
, x>0
{√16+√x−4
(A) f(x) is discontinuous at x = 0 for any value of a
(B) f(x) is continuous at x = 0 when a = 8
(C) f(x) is continuous at x = 0 when a = 0
(D) none of these
Ans. B

APNI KAKSHA 6
(Mathematic) CONTINUITY
Link to View Video Solution: Click Here
1−cos 4𝑥
Sol. lim =8
𝑥→0− 𝑥2
√𝑥
lim = 8 ∵ 𝑓(0) = 8
𝑥→0+ √16+√𝑥−4

So 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous at 𝑥 = 0 when 𝑎 = 8

16.

(A) f(2) = 8 ⇒ f is continuous at x = 2

(B) f(2) = 16 ⇒ f is continuous at x = 2
(C) f(2− ) ≠ f(2+ ) ⇒ f is discontinuous
(D) f has a removable discontinuity at x = 2
Ans. C

Sol. f(2+ ) = 8; f(2− ) = 16

More than one answer type

|x+π|
17. Let f(x) = , then
sin x

(A) f(−π+ ) = −1 (B) f(−π) = 1

(C) limx→−π f(x) does not exist (D) limx→π f(x) does not exist
Ans. ABCD
|𝑥+𝜋|
Sol. 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥

|−𝜋+ℎ+𝜋| |ℎ|
(A) 𝑓(−𝜋 + ) = limℎ→0 sin (−𝜋+ℎ) = limℎ→0 −sin ℎ = −1
|−𝜋−ℎ+𝜋| |ℎ|
(B) 𝑓(−𝜋 − ) = limℎ→0 sin (−𝜋−ℎ) = limℎ→0 sin ℎ = 1
(C) 𝑓(−𝜋 + ) ≠ f(−𝜋 − )So lim𝑥→−𝜋 𝑓(𝑥) does not exist
(D) for lim𝑥→𝜋 𝑓(𝑥)

|𝑥 + 𝜋| 2𝜋 − ℎ 2𝜋
LHL = lim− = lim = =∞
𝑥→𝜋 sin 𝑥 ℎ→0 sinh 0
|𝑥 + 𝜋| 2𝜋 + ℎ 2𝜋
RHL = lim+ = lim =− = −∞
𝑥→𝜋 sin 𝑥 ℎ→0 −sinh 0

LHL ≠ RHL

So lim𝑥→𝜋 𝑓(𝑥) does not exist.

APNI KAKSHA 7
(Mathematic) CONTINUITY
Link to View Video Solution: Click Here

1 1
−[ + ]
On the interval I = [−2,2], the function f(x) = {(x + 1)e (x ≠ 0) then which one of the
|x| x
18.
0 (x = 0)
following hold good?
(A) is continuous for all values of x ∈ I
(B) is continuous for x ∈ I − {0}
(C) assumes all intermediate values from f(−2)&f(2)
(D) has a maximum value equal to 3/e
Ans. BCD
𝑥+1 1
Sol. lim+ (𝑥 + 1)e−[2/𝑥] = lim+ e2/𝑥 = e∞ = 0
𝑥→0 𝑥→0
1 1
−(− + )
lim (𝑥 + 1)𝑒 𝑥 𝑥 =1
𝑥→0−

Hence continuous for x ∈ I − {0}

19. The function, f(x) = [|x|] − |[x]| where [x] denotes greatest integer function
(A) is continuous for all positive integers
(B) is discontinuous for all non positive integers
(C) has finite number of elements in its range
(D) is such that its graph does not lie above the x-axis.
Ans. ABCD

0 x = −1
−1 −1 < x < 0
Sol. [|x|] − |[x]| = [
0 0≤x≤1
0 1<x≤2
⇒ range is {0, −1}

The graph is

20. f is a continous function in [a, b] ; g is a continuous function in [b, c]

f(x) for x ∈ [a, b)
A function h(x) is defined as h(x) = { if f(B) = g(B), then
g(x) for x ∈ (b, c]
(A) h(x) has a removable discontinuity at x = b.
(B) h(x) may or may not be continuous in [a, c]
(C) h(b− ) = g(b+ )and h(b+ ) = f(b− )
(D) h(b+ ) = g(b− )and h(b− ) = f(b+ )

Ans. AC

APNI KAKSHA 8
(Mathematic) CONTINUITY
Link to View Video Solution: Click Here

Sol. Given 𝑓 is continuous in [a, b]

g is continuous in [b, c]
𝑓(𝑏) = 𝑔(𝑏)
ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) for 𝑥 ∈ [𝑎, 𝑏)
= 𝑓(𝑏) = 𝑔(𝑏) for 𝑥 = 𝑏}
= 𝑔(𝑥) for 𝑥 ∈ (𝑏, 𝑐]
h(x) is continuous in [a, b) ∪ (b, c] [using (i), (ii)]
also 𝑓(𝑏 − ) = 𝑓(𝑏); 𝑔(𝑏 + ) = 𝑔(𝑏)
∴ h(b− ) = f(b− ) = f(b) = g(b) = g(b+ ) = h(b+ )
[using (iv), (v)]
now, verify each alternative. g(b− )and f(b+ )are undefined.
ℎ(𝑏 − ) = 𝑓(𝑏 − ) = 𝑓(𝑏) = 𝑔(𝑏) = 𝑔(𝑏 + )
and ℎ(𝑏 + ) = 𝑔(𝑏 + ) = 𝑔(𝑏) = 𝑓(𝑏) = 𝑓(𝑏 − )
hence ℎ(𝑏 − ) = ℎ(𝑏 + ) = 𝑓(𝑏) = 𝑔(𝑏)
and ℎ(𝑏) is not defined ⇒ (A)
21. Function whose jump (non-negative difference of LHL & RHL) of discontinuity is greater than or
equal to one, is/are -
(e1/x +1) x1/3 −1
(e1/x −1)
; x<0 1/2
; x>1
(A) f(x) = { (B) g(x) = {xℓnx−1 1
(1−cos x)
; x>0 ; <x<1
x (x−1) 2

sin−1 2x 1
; x ∈ (0, 2] log 3 (x + 2); x>2
tan−1 3x
(C) u(x) = {|sin x| (D) v(x) = { 2
; x<0 log1/2 (x + 5); x < 2
x

Ans. ACD
Sol. (A) LHL = −1 &RHL = 0
(B) LHL = 1 &RHL = 2/3
(C) LHL = −1 &RHL = 2/3
(D) LHL = −2log 2 3&RHL = 2log 3 2

APNI KAKSHA 9
(Mathematic) CONTINUITY

Link to View Video Solution: Click Here

Answer Key
𝜋 5𝜋
2. (i) x = 2n𝜋 + 6 or x = 2n𝜋 + ,n ∈ Z (ii) continuous  x  R.
6

𝜋
3. f(0) cannot be defined. 4. −1 5. f(x) + g(x) is discontinuous at x = 0,1
2

𝜋 3𝜋 3𝜋 7𝜋 𝜋
6. discontinuous at x = 0, 2 , , 𝜋, , , 2𝜋 7. f ( 4 ) = 0, f(x) is discontinuous at x = 0
4 2 4

8. discontinuous at x = 2

9. C 10. D 11. A 12. C 13. D 14. A 15. B 16. C

17. ABCD 18. BCD 19. ABCD 20. AC 21. ACD

APNI KAKSHA 10