OPERATING SYSTEM

AM.Jafran(BIT, HNDIT)
gzpnray; Kiwik (Operating System)
nkd;nghUs; (Software)
fzdpapy; Fwpj;j gzpfis Mw;Wtjw;fhf fzdpia topg;gLj;Jtjw;F fzdpf;F toq;fg;gLfpd;w
mwpTWj;jy;fspd; njhFjpNa nkd;nghUs; MFk;.

or
fzdp vg;gzpia Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;? mij vg;nghOJ Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;? vt;thW Nkw;nfhs;s
Ntz;Lk;? vd;gtw;iwf; $Wfpd;w mwpTWj;jy;fspd; njhFjpNa nkd;nghUs; vdg;gLk;.

nkd;nghUl;fspd; tiffs;
1. Kiwik nkd;nghUs; (System Software)
2. gpuNahf nkd;nghUs; (Application Software)

gzpnray; Kiwik / ,af;f Kiwik / ,aq;F Kiwik (Operating System)

 fzdp td;nghUl;fisAk;> gpuNahf nkd;nghUl;fisAk; fl;Lg;gLj;jp Kfhik nra;fpd;w Kiwik
nkd;nghUNs ,JthFk;.
 fzdpf;F gzpnray; Kiwik ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;.

gpuNahf nkd;nghUs; (Application Software)

 Xu; tpNrl Njitapid my;yJ Nehf;fj;ijg; G+u;j;jp nra;tjw;fhf tpUj;jp nra;ag;gLk; nkd;nghUNs
gpuNahf nkd;nghUs; MFk;.
 xU gpuNahf nkd;nghUspdhy; gy NtWgl;l gzpfisNah / Nehf;fq;fisNah epiwNtw;w KbahJ.
 kdpju;fs; vz;zw;w Njitfisf; nfhz;bUg;gjhy; mtw;iw epiwNtw;Wtjw;fhf fzdpapy;
E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd gpuNahf nkd;nghUl;fis gad;gLj;j Ntz;bapUf;Fk;.

pg. 1
 OPERATING SYSTEM
AM.Jafran(BIT, HNDIT)

gpuNahf nkd;nghUl;fSf;F cjhuzq;fs;

1. nrhy; Kiwtopg;gLj;jy; nkd;nghUs; (Word Processing Software)
Eg: Ms Word
2. tpk;gg; gjpg;G nkd;nghUs; (Photo Editing Software)
Eg: Adobe Photoshop
3. epfo;j;Jif nkd;nghUs; (Presentation Software)
Eg: Ms Powerpoint
4. tpupjhs; nkd;nghUs; (Spreadsheet Software)
Eg: Ms Excel

gzpnray; KiwikfSf;F cjhuzq;fs;

fzdpapy; gad;gLj;jg;gLgit
1. Microsoft Windows Operating System
 Windows 95
 Windows 98
 Windows XP
 Windows 7
 Windows 8
 Windows 10
2. Mac Operating System
3. Ubuntu Operating System
4. Hanthana Linux
5. Isuru Linux
nry;yplrhjdq;fspy; gad;gLj;jg;gLgit
1. Android OS
2. i OS
3. Blackberry OS
4. Windows OS

pg. 2
 OPERATING SYSTEM
AM.Jafran(BIT, HNDIT)

jpwe;j %y nkd;nghUs; (Open Source Software)

jpwe;j %y nkd;nghUs; xd;wpd; %yf; FwpKiwahdJ (mwpTWj;jy;fs;) gadu;fshy;
ghu;itaplg;glf;$bajhfTk;> mtw;wpy; khw;wq;fis Nkw;nfhs;sf; $bajhfTk; fhzg;gLk;.

cupikAila nkd;nghUs; (Licenced Software)

 ,t;tif nkd;nghUl;fspd; %yf;FwpKiwahdJ kw;wtu;fs; ghu;itapl KbahJ %lg;gl;bUf;Fk;.
 ,it gzk; nrYj;jpf; nfhs;tdT nra;ag;gl Ntz;bait MFk;.

gzpnray; Kiwikapd; tiffs;

1. jdpg;gad;ghL (Single User Single Task)
2. gy; gad;ghL (Multi User Multi Task)
3. gy; nfhs;gzp (Single User Multi Task)
4. epfo;Neuk; (Real time OS)

jdpg;gad;ghL (Single User Single Task)

 xU Neuj;jpy; xU gadu; mDkjpf;fg;gLthu; mtu; xU gzpia khj;jpuk; Nkw;nfhs;s KbAk;.

Eg: Ms DOS, Windows 95, Windows 98

gy; gad;ghL (Multi User Multi Task)

 xU Neuj;jpy; gy gadu;fs; nraw;gl KbAk; NkYk; mtu;fs; gy gzpfis Nkw;nfhs;syhk;.

 ,it fzdp tiyaikg;Gf;fs;> ngUKff; fzdpfspy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
Eg: Windows Server, Linux
gy; nfhs;gzp (Single User Multi Task)

 ,q;F jdp xU gadu; xU Neuj;jpy; gy gzpfis epiwNtw;wpf;nfhs;s KbAk;.

 ehk; gad;gLj;Jfpd;w jdpahs; fzdpfspy; ,t; tif gzpnray; KiwikfNs
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
Eg: Windows 8, Windows 10, Mac, Ubuntu
epfo;Neuk; (Real time OS)

 epfo;Neug; gpuNahfq;fSf;fhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;w gzpnray; KiwikfNs ,itahFk;.

 ,e; epfo;Neu epfo;Tfs; mjpf jpUj;jKiladthf ,Uf;f Ntz;baJld; rpwpa xU fhyjhkjKk;
,d;wp Nkw;nfhs;sg;glTk; Ntz;Lk;.
 Eg: Mfha Nghf;Ftuj;J fl;Lg;ghl;L Kiwik> Air bag fl;Lg;ghl;L Kiwik

pg. 3
 OPERATING SYSTEM
AM.Jafran(BIT, HNDIT)
gzpnray; Kiwikapd; Nritfs;

gadu; ,ilKfk; (User Interface)

 fzdp ,ae;jpuj;Jld; njhlu;ghliy Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F gadUf;F cjTfpd;w Xu; %yfNk gadu;
,ilKfkhFk;.
 gadu; ,ilKfq;fs; ,uz;L tifg;gLk;.
1. tiutpay; gadu; ,ilKfk; (Graphical User Interface – GUI)
2. fl;lisf; Nfhl;L ,ilKfk; (Command Line Interface – CLI)
01. tiutpay; gadu; ,ilKfk;
Graphical User Interface (GUI)
 ,t;tif ,ilKfq;fs; tiutpay; %yfq;fis cs;slf;fpapUf;Fk;.
 ,tw;iw Rl;bia gad;gLj;jp ,yFtpy; ifahs KbAk;.
 ,q;F rhsuk; (Windows), glTU (Icon), gl;b (Menu), Rl;Lthd; (Pointer) {WIMP} Nghd;w %yfq;fs;
gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.

02. fl;lisf; Nfhl;L ,ilKfk; Command Line Interface (CLI)

 ,q;F nraw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;Fg; gadu;fs; gy;NtW fl;lisfis jl;lr;rpl Ntz;bapUf;Fk;.
 midj;Jf; fl;lisfisAk; epidtpy; itj;jpUj;jy; fbdkhifahy; ,it nghJthf
gad;gLj;jg;gLtjpy;iy.
 Ms DOS gzpnray; Kiwikapy; ,t; ,ilKfNk gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

rpy CLI fl;lisfs;

 Mkdir – Nfhg;Giw xd;iw cUthf;Fjy;

 cd.. – Nfhg;Giwapid khw;Wjy; (change directory)
 dir – midj;Jf; Nfhg;Gf;fisAk;> Nfhg;GiwfisAk;
fhl;rpg;gLj;jy;
 del – Nfhg;Gf;fis ePf;Fjy;

pg. 4
 OPERATING SYSTEM
AM.Jafran(BIT, HNDIT)

td;nghUs; Kfhikj;Jtk;
01. Kiwtop Kfhik (Process Management)
 ika Kiwtop myfpy; nraw;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; Xu; nra;epuNy Kiwtop vdg;gLk;.
 xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l Kiwtopfis xU xOq;fpy; mDg;Gtjw;F ,it Kfhik nra;ag;gLjy;
Ntz;Lk;.
 ,k; Kiwtopfis xOq;FgLj;jp mtw;iw tpidj;jpwdhf nraw;gLj;Jtjw;F gzpnray;
Kiwik cjTfpwJ.

02. epidtf Kfhik (Memory Management)

 gzpnray; Kiwik Kjd;ik epidtfj;ij tpidj;jpwdhf Kfhik nra;fpd;wJ. ,jDs;
gpd;tUtd cs;slq;Fk;.
 epidtfj;jpDs; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; gFjpfs; njhlu;ghd tpguq;fisg; NgZjy;.
 KiwtopfSf;F epidtf ,lj;ij xJf;Fjy;.
 Kiwtop xd;W KbTw;wTld; mt;tplj;ij NtW Kiwtopfis Nrkpg;gjw;fhf
tpLtpj;jy;.

03. rhjd Kfhik (Device Management)

 fzdp td;nghUl;fshd cs;sPl;L ntspaPl;L rhjdq;fis (Input and Output Devices) Kfhik
nra;tNj ,JthFk;.
 ,q;F Nrkpg;G rhjdq;fis (Jiz Nrkpg;G) Kfhik nra;Ak; nraw;ghLk; cs;slq;Ffpd;wJ.

04. fhg;G Kfhik (Security Management)

 flTr;nrhy; ghJfhg;G (Password protection)
 gy gadu; fzf;Ffs; (Multiple user accounts)
 jPr;Rtu; (Firewall)
 gpwo;nghUs; ghJfhg;G (Malware protection)

05. Nfhg;G Kfhik (File Management)

Nfhg;G (File)
 fzdpfspy; juTfisr; Nrkpg;gjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; %yfNk Nfhg;G MFk;.
 xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l Nfhg;Gfis Nrkpg;gjw;F Nfhg;Giw (Floder) gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
 Nfhg;GfSk;> Nfhg;GiwfSk; gzpnray; Kiwikapdhy; Kfhik nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ.
 Nfhg;G xd;W gpd;tUk; gFjpfisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.
 uNfhg;gpd; ngau; (File Name)
 Nfhg;G ePl;rp (File Extension)

Nfhg;gpd; ngau; (File Name)

 fzdpapy; Nrkpf;fg;gl;Ls;s Nfhg;G xd;iw ,dq;fhz;gjw;fhf ,J
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
 Nfhg;G xd;W mu;j;jKs;s xU ngaiuf;nfhz;bUj;jy; vg;NghJk;
tpUk;gf;$bajhFk;.
 mUfpYs;s glj;jpy; ICT and Society vd;gJ Nfhg;Gg; ngauhFk;.
Nfhg;G ePl;rp (File Extension)
 Nfhg;gpd; tifia milahsk; fhz;gjw;fhf ,J gad;gLfpd;wJ.
 gbkq;fs; (image), fhnzhsp (Video), xyp (Audio), thrfk; (text) Nghd;w gy tifahd
juTfs; ,tw;wpd; %yk; ,dq;fhzg;gLk;.
 mUfpYs;s glj;jpy; .pdf vd;gJ Nfhg;G ePl;rpahFk;
pg. 5
 OPERATING SYSTEM
AM.Jafran(BIT, HNDIT)
Nfhg;G tiffs; (File Types)
 gy tifahd Nfhg;Gf;fs; juTfis Nrkpg;gjw;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
 Nfhg;Gf;fspd; cs;slf;fj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; mit gythwhf tifg;gLj;jg;gLk;.
 Executable (.exe)
 Text (.txt)
 Image (.bmp, png, jpeg, …….)
 Video (.vob, .flv, .mp4, ……)
 Audio (.wav, .mp3, …….)
 neUf;fg;gl;l (compressed) (.rar, .zip, …..)

Nfhg;G (File) , Nfhg;Giw (Folder)

ifKiw (Manual) ,yj;jpudpay; (Electronic)

Paper File File Folder

Nfhg;Gk; Nfhg;GiwAk; (File and Folder)

 Nfhg;G vd;gJ xU jdp MtzkhFk;.
 Nfhg;Giwnahd;wpDs; gy Nfhg;Gf;fs; Nrkpf;fg;glyhk;.
 Fwpj;j xU tifahd Nfhg;Gf;fNs Nfhg;Giw xd;wpy; Nrkpf;fg;gLk;.
 Nfhg;Giwnahd;wpDs; Nrkpf;fg;glf;$ba Nfhg;Gf;fspd; vz;zpf;if tiuaWf;fg;gltpy;iy.

Nfhg;G njhlu;ghd nraw;ghLfs; (File Operations)

 Nfhg;Gf;fis cUthf;Fjy; (create)

 Nfhg;Gf;fspd; ngaiu khw;Wjy; (Rename)
 Nfhg;Gf;fis ePf;Fjy; (Delete)
 ePf;fg;gl;l Nfhg;gpid kPsg;ngwy; (Restore)
 Nfhg;Gf;fs; Nrkpf;fg;gl;l ,lj;ij khw;wy; (Changing the storage locations)

pg. 6
 OPERATING SYSTEM
AM.Jafran(BIT, HNDIT)

Nfhg;gpd; gz;Gfs; (File properties)

 Nfhg;gpd; ngau; (File name)
 tif (Type)
 cupikahsu; (Owner)
 JizNrkpg;gfj;jpy; Nrkpf;fg;gl;Ls;s ,lk;.
 mZFif mDkjp (Access permissions)
 Read/write/delete ,w;F mDkjpf;fg;gl;ltu; tpguk;
 Nfhg;G cUthf;fg;gl;l jpfjp > khw;wk; nra;ag;gl;l jpfjp>
,Wjpahf mZfg;gl;l jpfjp
 Nfhg;gpd; gUkd; (File size)

Nfhg;Giwapid cUthf;Fjy;
1. Nfhg;G ciwiaj; jahupf;f Ntz;ba nrYj;jpia njupT nra;f.
2. gl;baw; gl;ilapy; (Menu bar) File new ,d; fPOs;s Nfhg;G ciwia (Folder) njupT nra;f.
my;yJ fUtpg;gl;ilapy; New Folder ,id njupT nra;f.
3. nghUj;jkhd ngaiu cs;spLf.

efy; nra;J xl;Ljy; (Copy & Paste)

1. efy; nra;ag;gl Ntz;ba Nfhg;G / Nfhg;G ciwia njupT nra;jy;.
2. efy; nra;tjw;fhd copy fl;lisia nraw;gLj;Jjy;. (Edit copy my;yJ Ctrl + C)
3. xl;Ljy; nra;a Ntz;ba nrYj;jpia my;yJ Nfhg;G ciwiaj; njupT nra;jy;.
4. Paste fl;lisia nraw;gLj;Jjy;. (Edit Paste my;yJ Ctrl + V)

ntl;b xl;Ljy; (Cut &nd Paste)

1. ntl;b xl;l Ntz;ba Nfhg;G my;yJ Nfhg;G ciwiaj; njupT nra;jy;.
2. ntl;L Cut vDk; fl;lisiar; nraw;gLj;Jjy;. (Edit Cut my;yJ Ctrl + X)
3. xl;l Ntz;ba nrYj;jpia my;yJ Nfhg;G ciwiaj; njupT nra;jy;.
4. xl;L Paste fl;lisia nraw;gLj;Jjy;. (Edit Paste my;yJ Ctrl + V)

Nfhg;G my;yJ Nfhg;G ciw ngau;fis khw;Wjy; (Renaming a file / folder)

1. ngau; khw;wk; nra;ag;gl Ntz;ba Nfhg;G / Nfhg;G ciwia njupT nra;jy;.
2. File gl;bapy; Rename fl;lisiar; nraw;gLj;Jjy;.
3. ,lg;gl Ntz;ba ngaiu jl;lr;R nra;J Enter rhtpia mOj;Jjy;.

Nfhg;G my;yJ Nfhg;G ciwfis ePf;Fjy; (Deleting a file / Folder)

1. mfw;wg;gl Ntz;ba Nfhg;G my;yJ Nfhg;G ciwiaj; njupT nra;jy;.
2. File gl;bapy; Delete vDk; fl;lisiar; nraw;gLj;Jjy; / rhtpg;gyifapy; Delete rhtpia
mOj;Jjy;.
3. mg;NghJ Njhd;Wk; nrhy;yhly; rhsuj;jpy; Yes vDk; fl;lisiar; nraw;gLj;Jjy;.

ePf;fg;gl;l Nfhg;G / Nfhg;Giwia kPs;epiyg;gLj;jy; (Restore)

1. Recycle Bin ,idj; jpwe;J nfhs;sy;.
2. ,jpy; kPs;epiyg;gLj;j Ntz;ba Nfhg;G / Nfhg;G ciwia njupT nra;jy;.
3. File gl;bapy; Restore fl;lisiar; nraw;gLj;Jjy;.
pg. 7
 OPERATING SYSTEM
AM.Jafran(BIT, HNDIT)
gad;ghl;L nkd;nghUl;fs; (Utility Software)
 fzdpfspd; tpidj;jpwid cau;j;Jtjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; nkd;nghUl;fNs gad;ghl;L
nkd;nghUl;fs; MFk;.
 ,it fzdpfisg; guhkupg;gjw;F kpfTk; gaDs;sjhf fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

gad;ghl;L nkd;nghUl;fSf;F cjhuzq;fs;

1. tl;Lg; gpuptply; nkd;nghUs; (Disk Partitioning software)
2. tl;L tbtikj;jy; ( Disk Format)
3. kPs; Jz;lhf;fy; (Disk Defragmenter)
4. tl;Lj; J}a;ikahf;fy; (Disk cleanup)
5. er;R epuy; vjpu;g;G nkd;nghUl;fs; (Antivirus software)
6. tl;Lg; guPl;rpg;ghd; (Disk scanner)
7. Kiwik tOf;fisf; fz;lwpAk; fUtp (System Diagnosis tools)
8. Screen saver
9. fhg;G nkd;nghUl;fs; (Backup software)
10. Nfhg;Gf;fis RUf;Fjy; (File Compression)

1. tl;Lg; gpuptply; (Disk Partition)

 ngsjPf tbtpyhd td;jl;L xd;iw gy ju;f;fg; ghfq;fshfg; gpupf;fpd;w nraw;ghNl tl;Lg;gpuptply;
MFk;.
 td;jl;L xd;W miktbtg;gLj;Jk; (Configure) Kjw;re;ju;g;gj;jpNyNa tl;Lg; gpuptply; nghJthf
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.

tl;Lg;gpuptplYf;F Kd;Gk; gpd;Gk;

tl;Lg;gpuptply; Vd; mtrpak;?

 NtWgl;l juTfis ntt;Ntwhfr; Nrkpj;jy;.
 xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l gzpnray; Kiwikfis epWTjy;.
 gzpnray; Kiwikapd; Njitf;nfd jdpahd tl;Lg; gpupT Njitg;gLjy;.

Windows gzpnray; Kiwikapy; KjyhtJ tl;Lg;gpupT “C” vdTk; > ,uz;lhtJ gpupT “D” vdTk;
mNj xOq;fpy; kw;iwa gpupTfSk; fhzg;gLk;.

pg. 8
 OPERATING SYSTEM
AM.Jafran(BIT, HNDIT)
2. tl;L tbtikj;jy; ( Disk Formatting)
 td;jl;L> nefpo;tl;L> jpz;k epiy Njf;fr; rhjdq;fspy; juTfis Nrkpg;gjw;Nfw;w epiyf;F
mtw;iwj; jahu;gLj;Jk; nraw;ghNl tl;L tbtikg;ghFk;.
 juTfs; Nrkpf;fg;gl;Ls;s tl;Lf;fisAk; tbtikg;Gr; nra;a KbAk;.
 juTfs; Nrkpf;fg;gl;Ls;s tl;Lf;fis tbtikg;Gr; nra;Ak; NghJ mtw;wpy; Nrkpf;fg;gl;Ls;s juTfs;
moptile;JtpLk;.
tl;L tbtikg;Gf;F Kd;dUk; gpd;dUk;

3. tl;L kPs;Jz;lhf;fk; (Disk Defragmentation)

Jz;lkhf;fg;gl;l Nfhg;G (Fragmented file)

 ngupa gUkd; $ba Nfhg;Gf;fs; gy Jz;Lfshf gpupf;fg;gl;L mit

xt;nthd;Wk; td;jl;bd; ntt;NtW ,lq;fspy; Nrkpf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;.
,t;thwhd Nfhg;G xd;wpd; gFjpfs; xt;nthd;Wk; Jz;lkhf;fg;gl;l
Nfhg;G vdg;gLk;.
 td;jl;L mjpf Jz;lkhf;fg;gl;l Nfhg;Gf;fisf; nfhz;bUg;gpd;
juTfis thrpg;gjw;Fk;> vOJtjw;Fk; mjpf Neuk; Njitg;gLk;.

tl;L kPs;Jz;lkhf;fy; (Disk defragmentation)

 tl;L xd;wpy; Nrkpf;fg;gl;Ls;s Jz;lkhf;fg;gl;l

Nfhg;Gf;fis mUfUNf xOq;FgLj;Jfpd;w nraw;ghNl
kPs;Jz;lkhf;fy; MFk;.
 Nfhg;G xd;wpd; Jz;lq;fs; mUfUNf Nrkpf;fg;gbd; Fwpj;j
tl;L tpidj;jpwdhfr; nraw;gLk;.

pg. 9
 OPERATING SYSTEM
AM.Jafran(BIT, HNDIT)

nrYj;jpfs; (Drives)
 juTfis Nrkpg;gjw;Fupa tl;Lf;fshd nefpo;tl;L> gspr;rPl;L epidtfk;> td;jl;L Nghd;wtw;iwf;
Fwpg;gpLtjw;F ,J gad;gLfpd;wJ.
 td;jl;L xd;W gpuptply; nra;ag;gbd; mjd;gpupTfs; C: , D: , E: vdg; ngauplg;gLk;.
 fzdpapy; NtW rpy Nrkpg;G rhjdq;fs; (CD, DVD, Blue Ray Disk) fhzg;gbd; mtw;Wf;F NtW
Mq;fpy vOj;Jf;fs; xJf;fPL nra;ag;gLk;.

fzdpapy; fhzg;gLk; nrYj;jpfSf;F cjhuzq;fs;

4. tl;Lj; J}a;ikahf;fy; (Disk cleanup)

fzdpapy; fhzg;gLk; Njitaw;w Nfhg;Gf;fis ePf;Ftjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; gad;ghl;L
nkd;nghUs; MFk;.

5. er;R epuy; vjpu;g;G nkd;nghUl;fs; (Antivirus software)

 fzdp er;Repuy;fis ePf;Ftjw;fhf gad;gLj;jg;gLk; gad;ghl;L nkd;nghUNs ,JtthFk;.
 er;Repuy;fs; mfw;wg;gLk; NghJ fzdpapd; tpidj;jpwd; cau;tilAk;.

6. tl;Lg; guPl;rpg;ghd; (Disk scanner)

tl;Lf;fspy; FiwghLfs; cs;s ,lq;fis ,dq;fhZk; nkd;nghUs;

7. Kiwik tOf;fisf; fz;lwpAk; fUtp (System Diagnosis tools)

fzdp td;nghUs;> nkd;nghUs; njhlu;ghd tOf;fis mtjhdpj;jy;

8. Screen Saver
fzdp xd;W ,aq;fpf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; epiyapy; mJ ePz;l Neuk; gad;gLj;jg;glhj NghJ
fzdpj;jpiuiag; ghJfhj;jy;.

9. fhg;G nkd;nghUl;fs; (Backup software)

fzdpapy; fhzg;gLk; Nfhg;Gf;fis efy; nra;J fhg;G vLj;jy;.

10. Nfhg;Gf;fis RUf;Fjy; (File Compression)

Nfhg;Gf;fspd; gUkidf; Fiwj;jy;.

pg. 10
 OPERATING SYSTEM
AM.Jafran(BIT, HNDIT)

Nfhg;G mZFif (File Access)

 Nrkpg;G rhjdk; xd;wpy; Nrkpf;fg;gl;Ls;s Nfhg;Gf;fs;gpd;tUk; ,uz;L Kiwfspy; mZfg;glyhk;.
1. tupir Kiw mZfy; (Sequential Access)
2. jw;Nghf;F mZfy; / vOkhW mZfy; (Random Access/ Direct Access)

tupir Kiw mZfy; (Sequential Access)

 Nrkpg;gfk; xd;wpYs;s Nfhg;gpy; fhzg;gLk; juTfis
tupirahf xd;wd; gpd; xd;whf mZFk; KiwNa
,JthFk;.
 ehlhf;fspy; (Tapes) Nrkpf;fg;gLk; Nfhg;Gf;fs;
,t;tif mZfy; Kiwapidf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;.

jw;Nghf;F mZfy; / vOkhW mZfy; (Random Access/ Direct Access)

 Nrkpg;gfk; xd;wpYs;s Nfhg;gpy; fhzg;gLk; juT vjidAk;
Neubahf mZFk; KiwNa ,JthFk;.
 ,q;F tupirahf juTfs; mZfg;gl Ntz;ba
mtrpakpy;iy.
 tl;Lf;fspy; (Disks) Nrkpf;fg;gLk; Nfhg;Gf;fs; ,t;tif
mZfy; Kiwapidf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;.

pg. 11