AC IMPORTANT QUESTIONS ONLY

1 A 100 Ω resistor is connected to a 220 V, 50 Hz ac supply: (a) What is the rms value of current in
the circuit? (b) What is the net power consumed over a full cycle?
2 (a) The peak voltage of an ac supply is 300 V. What is the rms voltage? (b) The rms value of current
in an ac circuit is 10 A. What is the peak current?
3 A series LCR circuit with R=20 Ω, L =1.5 H and C = 35 µF is connected to a variable frequency 200 V
ac supply. When the frequency of the supply equals the natural frequency of the circuit, what is
the average power transferred to the circuit in one complete cycle?
4 A power transmission line needs input power at 2300 V to a step down transformer with its
primary windings having 4000 turns. What should be the number of turns in the secondary
windings in order to get output power at 230 V?
5 Define capacitor reactance. Write its SI units?

6 Explain why current flows through an ideal capacitor when it is connected to an ac source but not
when it is connected to a dc source in a steady state.
7 In a series LCR circuit, VL = VC ≠ VR . What is the value of power factor for this circuit? The
power factor of an ac circuit is 0.5. What is the phase difference between voltage and current in
this circuit?
8 What is wattless current?

9 A light bulb and a solenoid are connected in series across an ac source of voltage. Explain, how the
glow of the light bulb will be affected when an iron rod is inserted in the solenoid.
10 Why is the use of ac voltage preferred over dc voltage? Give two reasons.

11 Define power factor. State the conditions under which it is (i) maximum and (ii) minimum.

12 When an ac source is connected to an ideal inductor show that the average power supplied by the
source over a complete cycle is zero. When an ac source is connected to an ideal capacitor, show
that the average power supplied by the source over a complete cycle is zero.
13 In a series LCR circuit with an ac source of effective voltage 50 V, frequency ν =50/π Hz, R = 300
ohm, C = 20 µF and L = 1.0 H. Find the rms current in the circuit.
14 The instantaneous current in an ac circuit is I = 0.5 sin 314 t, what is (i) rms value and (ii) frequency
of the current.
The current flowing through a pure inductor of inductance 2 mH is i =15 cos 300 t ampere. What is
the (i) rms and (ii) average value of current for a complete cycle?
15 Show that the current leads the voltage in phase by π/2 in an ac circuit containing an ideal
capacitor.
16 In a series LCR circuit, obtain the conditions under which (i) the impedance of the circuit is
minimum, and (ii) wattless current flows in the circuit.
17 State the underlying principle of a transformer. How is the large scale transmission of electric
energy over long distances done with the use of transformers?
18 An electric lamp connected in series with a capacitor and an ac source is glowing with of certain
brightness. How does the brightness of the lamp change on reducing the (i) capacitance and (ii)
frequency?
19 State the principle of working of a transformer. Can a transformer be used to step up or step down
a dc voltage? Justify your answer
20 The primary coil of an ideal step up transformer has 100 turns and transformation ratio is also 100.
The input voltage and power are 220 V and 1100 W respectively. Calculate (a) the number of turns
in the secondary coil. (b) the current in the primary coil. (c) the voltage across the secondary coil.
 (d) the current in the secondary coil. (e) the power in the secondary coil.
21 An inductor L of reactance XL is connected in series with a bulb B to an ac source as shown in
figure. Explain briefly how does the brightness of the bulb change when (i) number of turns of the
inductor is reduced (ii) an iron rod is inserted in the inductor and (iii) a capacitor of reactance XC =
XL is included in the circuit.
22 Explain the term inductive reactance. Show graphically the variation of inductive reactance with
frequency of the applied alternating voltage. An ac voltage V = V0 sin ωt is applied across a pure
inductor of inductance L. Find an expression for the current i, flowing in the circuit and show
mathematically that the current flowing through it lags behind the applied voltage by a phase
angle of π/2. Also draw (i) phasor diagram (ii) graphs of V and i versus ωt for the circuit.
23 (a) What is impedance? (b) A series LCR circuit is connected to an ac source having voltage V = V 0
sin ωt . Derive expression for the impedance, instantaneous current and its phase relationship to
the applied voltage. Find the expression for resonant frequency. (OR) (a) An ac source of voltage V
= V0 sin ωt is connected to a series combination of L, C and R. Use the phasor diagram to obtain
expressions for impedance of the circuit and phase angle between voltage and current. Find the
condition when current will be in phase with the voltage. What is the circuit in this condition
called? (b) In a series LR circuit XL = R and power factor of the circuit is P1. When capacitor with
capacitance C such that XL = XC is put in series, the power factor becomes P2. Calculate P 2/P 1 .
24 Draw a schematic diagram of a step-up transformer. Explain its working principle.
Deduce the expression for the secondary to primary voltage in terms of the number of
turns in the two coils. In an ideal transformer, how is this ratio related to the currents in
the two coils? How is the transformer used in large scale transmission and distribution
of electrical energy over long distances?
(OR)
Describe briefly, with the help of a labelled diagram, the basic elements of an AC
generator. State its underlying principle. Show diagrammatically how an alternating
emf is generated by a loop of wire rotating in a magnetic field. Write the expression for
the instantaneous value of the emf induced in the rotating loop.
25 What is impedance? (b) A series LCR circuit is
connected to an ac source having voltage V =
V0 sin ωt . Derive expression for the
impedance, instantaneous current and its
phase relationship to the applied voltage. Find
the expression for resonant frequency.
(OR)

A device ‘X’ is connected to an ac source V = V0 sin ωt. The variation of voltage, current
and power in one cycle is show in the following graph: (a) Identify the device ‘X’. (b)
Which of the curves, A, B and C represent the voltage, current and the power
consumed in the circuit? Justify your answer. (c) How does its impedance vary with
frequency of the ac source? Show graphically. (d) Obtain an expression for the current
in the circuit and its phase relation with ac voltage.
26 The figure shows a series LCR circuit connected to a
variable frequency 230 V source. (a) Determine the
source frequency which drives the circuit in
resonance. (b) Calculate the impedance of the circuit
and amplitude of current at resonance. (c) Show that
potential drop across LC combination is zero at
resonating frequency