GKM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

CHENNAI-63
AFLOAT TRAINING ASSIGNMENT

 NAME - RAVINDHRAN.K

 ROLL NUMBER -

 REGISTER NUMBER -

 BATCH NO - 16

 TOPIC - MARINE ELECTRICALS

 DATE OF SUBMISSION -

AFLOAT TRAINING INCHARGE

 INTRODUCTION
Marine electrical systems are critical components in the functioning of modern
vessels. These systems power everything from navigation equipment and
communication tools to propulsion and lighting. The complexity and importance
of marine electrical lie in their ability to ensure the vessel operates efficiently,
safely, and reliably under varying environmental conditions at sea. In this
introduction, we’ll cover the basic components, types, and functions of marine
electrical systems.

Basic Components of Marine Electrical Systems

The electrical systems on a ship are composed of various parts that work together
to provide power and ensure the safe operation of the vessel:

 Power Generation: The primary source of electricity on a vessel is typically

generated by diesel engines (gensets) or, in some cases, gas turbines. These
generators convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.

 Power Distribution: Once electricity is generated, it is distributed to

different parts of the ship through a network of electrical panels, circuit
breakers, cables, and busbars.

 Battery Systems: Marine vessels use batteries for energy storage, especially
for backup power and during emergencies. The batteries also power critical
systems when the ship’s generators are not running.

 Lighting Systems: This includes both internal lighting (e.g., in cabins,

corridors, and common areas) and external lighting (e.g., navigation lights,
deck lights). Proper illumination is crucial for both safety and operational
efficiency.

 Control and Monitoring Systems: Modern ships have sophisticated control

systems to monitor and manage electrical power distribution. These
include both manual and automated systems to ensure stability and
balance of the ship’s electrical load.
 Types of Marine Electrical Systems

Marine electrical systems can be categorized into several key types, each
serving a different purpose on the vessel:

 Main Power System: The main power system, which is typically powered
by the vessel's generators, provides the bulk of the electricity for
propulsion, lighting, and essential systems.

 Emergency Power System: This system is a backup, often powered by

batteries or auxiliary generators, to maintain critical functions like
emergency lighting, alarms, and navigational aids in case of failure of the
main power system.

 Lighting and Navigation Systems: These systems provide the ship with the
necessary illumination for both crew comfort and navigational safety. This
includes interior lighting, deck lighting, and vital navigational lights to make
the vessel visible to others in dark or adverse conditions.

 Communication and Electronics Systems: These systems include radios,

radar, GPS, sonar, and other navigation aids. They allow communication
with other ships and shore-based control centers, as well as monitoring the
ship’s position, heading, and surrounding environment.

 Propulsion Electrical Systems: These systems provide the electrical energy

to operate motors, including thrusters and other components that control
the vessel's movement and maneuverability.
 POWER GENERATION
Power generation on ships is a crucial aspect of vessel operation, ensuring that all
onboard systems, from propulsion to communication and lighting, are powered.
Ships rely on a combination of engines, generators, and batteries to supply the
necessary electrical power. The complexity and scale of a ship's power generation
system depend on the type of vessel and its operational requirements. Below is
an overview of the various methods of power generation used on ships.

1. Diesel Generators (DG)

 Diesel Engine-Driven Generators: The most common form of power

generation on ships is through diesel generators. Diesel engines drive
alternators that convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.

 Main Diesel Engines: Large vessels, such as cargo ships or tankers, often
have large main diesel engines that not only propel the ship but also drive
generators to produce electricity for onboard systems.

 Auxiliary Diesel Engines: Smaller engines, typically referred to as auxiliary

engines, are used to generate electricity when the main engine is not
running or when additional power is needed. These engines are typically
used for non-propulsion-related electrical demands such as lighting,
ventilation, navigation systems, and communication equipment.

2. Gas Turbine Generators (GTG)

 Gas Turbine-Driven Generators: Some modern ships, especially large

vessels like cruise ships, naval ships, and LNG carriers, use gas turbines to
generate electricity. Gas turbines, like those used in jet engines, are highly
efficient at high speeds and are often used on ships requiring more power .
 3. Electric Propulsion and Hybrid Power Systems

With increasing environmental regulations and a push towards sustainability,

electric propulsion and hybrid power systems are becoming more common. These
systems typically involve a combination of traditional diesel or gas engines and
electric motors, which can be used to supplement or even replace traditional
propulsion methods.

a. Electric Propulsion Systems

 Full Electric Propulsion: In some advanced vessels (such as ferries and

smaller cruise ships), electric propulsion systems are used where electric
motors directly drive the ship's propellers. The electricity for propulsion is
typically provided by onboard generators or batteries.

 Batteries: In fully electric ships, large battery banks can be used to store
electricity, which powers the electric motors for propulsion. Battery-
powered ships are still limited by range, though, and are mainly used for
short-distance transport.

b. Hybrid Propulsion Systems

 Diesel-Electric Hybrid Systems: These systems combine diesel engines for

auxiliary power generation and electric motors for propulsion. When the
ship operates at low speeds or when maneuvering in harbors, the electric
motors can take over. At higher speeds, the diesel engines provide
propulsion power.

 Battery Support: Some hybrid systems integrate battery storage to reduce

reliance on diesel engines, further cutting fuel consumption and emissions.
Batteries can be recharged either by running the engines or through shore-
based charging when docked.
 4. Auxiliary Power Generation

In addition to the main power generation systems, ships rely on auxiliary

generators to ensure a continuous power supply, particularly during situations
when the main engines are not running (such as when the ship is docked or at
anchor).

a. Emergency Diesel Generators

 Backup Power: In case of failure of the primary power generation system,

ships are equipped with emergency diesel generators (EDGs) that can
provide power to essential services like navigation lights, emergency
communication equipment, and the engine control systems.

 Classification Society Requirements: Regulations from classification

societies, such as the International Maritime Organization (IMO), require
ships to be fitted with emergency power systems that are independent of
the main engine.


b. Shore Power (Cold Ironing)

 External Power Supply: When docked, ships can connect to shore power
(also known as cold ironing) to avoid running their auxiliary engines or
generators while in port. Shore power allows the ship to draw electricity
from the local power grid, which can be more efficient and environmentally
friendly.

 Port Infrastructure: Not all ports are equipped with shore power facilities,
so the availability of this option depends on the port’s infrastructure.
 Power Distribution
The power distribution system on a ship is a complex network that ensures the
electrical power generated by the ship's power generation systems (such as diesel
engines, gas turbines, or other sources) is efficiently and safely distributed to all
the various systems on board, including propulsion, auxiliary equipment, lighting,
communication, navigation, and safety systems. It also ensures that power is
delivered to these systems in a stable and reliable manner, while providing the
necessary protection in case of faults.

Stages of power distribution

The process of distributing electrical power on a ship generally follows these

stages:

1. Generation Stage

Power is generated by the main or auxiliary generators, usually AC power,

although certain systems may use DC. The output from the generators is fed into
the main switchboard.

2. Transmission Stage

 Power is transmitted from the generators to the ship’s busbar system.

 Busbars act as the central connection point, distributing power to different
sections of the ship. Multiple busbars may be used to divide the distribution
into multiple zones (e.g., propulsion, lighting, navigation, etc.).

3. Distribution Stage

 After the power reaches the busbars, it is further distributed to various

distribution panels located throughout the ship, depending on the power
requirements of different systems (e.g., engine room, accommodations,
galley, navigation).
  Distribution panels include circuit breakers and protection devices to
isolate any faults and prevent damage to other circuits.

4. Load Management and Monitoring Stage

 The ship's power management system (PMS) continuously monitors the

distribution of electrical loads, making real-time decisions about switching
generators on or off, adjusting power sharing, or shedding loads when
required to maintain stability and prevent overloads.
 The PMS also detects faults and sends alerts to the crew, helping them take
corrective actions to minimize damage or downtime.

SHIPS POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

 PROTECTION DEVICES

Protection devices are critical in a ship's power distribution system to safeguard

equipment, ensure personnel safety, and maintain operational continuity. They
prevent damage from faults such as overcurrent, short circuits, or power surges.
Below is an overview of common protection devices used onboard ships:

1. Circuit Breakers

Circuit breakers are the primary protection devices used to interrupt the flow of
current during a fault.

 Air Circuit Breakers (ACB):

o Used in low-voltage systems (up to 1 kV).
o Protects generators, transformers, and main switchboards.
o Features adjustable settings for overload, short-circuit, and earth
fault protection.
o
 Vacuum Circuit Breakers (VCB):
o Used in medium-voltage systems (up to 36 kV).
o Suitable for propulsion and auxiliary systems.
 Miniature Circuit Breakers (MCB):
o Protect smaller, low-power systems like lighting circuits.
o Automatically trips during overcurrent or short circuits.
 Molded Case Circuit Breakers (MCCB):
o For higher current ratings than MCBs.
o Often used in distribution boards and motor control centers.

2. Fuses

 Provides protection by melting and breaking the circuit when a fault occurs.
 Commonly used for small circuits, emergency lighting, and low-power
devices.
 Types:
o High-Rupturing Capacity (HRC) Fuses: High-speed operation for
critical applications.
 o Blade-Type Fuses: Found in control panels and small circuits.

3. Overload Relays

 Protect electric motors and other equipment from prolonged overcurrent

conditions.
 Types:
o Thermal Overload Relays:
 Use bimetallic strips to detect heat from excessive current.
o Electronic Overload Relays:
 More accurate and reliable with programmable settin gs.

4. Earth Fault Protection

 Detects leakage current to the ship's hull or ground to prevent electric

shock and equipment damage.
 Devices include:
o Residual Current Devices (RCD):
 Trips when a ground fault occurs.
o Earth Fault Relays:
 Monitor insulation resistance and trigger alarms or circuit
breakers during a fault.

5. Surge Protection Devices (SPD)

 Protects against transient voltage spikes caused by lightning strikes or

switching operations.
 Typically installed on main switchboards and sensitive equipment .

6. Reverse Power Relays

 Prevent reverse power flow into generators, which can damage engines
and alternators.
 Essential for parallel operation of generators.
7. Under/Over Voltage Relays

 Monitors voltage levels and disconnects circuits when voltage deviates

beyond safe limits.
 Helps protect sensitive electronics and machinery.

8. Differential Protection

 Used for critical equipment like generators and transformers.

 Compares the current entering and leaving the equipment to detect
internal faults.

9. Frequency Protection Relays

 Ensures the generator or grid frequency remains within acceptable limits.

 Triggers alarms or disconnection during deviations.

10. Arc Flash Protection

 Detects and isolates circuits during high-energy arc faults.

 Uses sensors for light and current to ensure rapid response.

11. Load Shedding Systems

 Prevents overloading of generators by disconnecting non-essential loads

during high demand or generator faults.

12. Fire Suppression in Electrical Panels

 While not a "protection device," fire suppression systems like CO₂ or FM-
200 are installed to minimize damage caused by electrical fires in
switchboards.
 EMERGENCY POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM

The emergency power distribution system onboard ships is a critical subsystem

designed to provide power to essential equipment and systems during failures of
the main power supply. It ensures the safety of personnel, equipment, and the
vessel itself, especially during emergencies like blackouts, fires, or engine failures

1.1.1 Components of the Emergency Power System

1. Emergency Generator:

o Typically diesel-powered, located in a separate, fire-safe

compartment.
o Automatically starts within 45 seconds of main power failure.
o Provides power for critical systems as per SOLAS (Safety of Life at
Sea) regulations.

2. Emergency Switchboard:

o Receives power from the emergency generator or batteries.

o Distributes power to emergency loads.
o Includes protection devices like circuit breakers and relays for safe
operation.

3. Emergency Batteries:

o Provide instant power for critical systems during the time it takes for
the emergency generator to start.
o Often used for lighting, communication, and essential control
systems.
 4. Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS):

o Ensures seamless transfer of power from the main system to the

emergency system.
o Prevents back-feeding between the two systems.

5. Emergency Distribution Panels:

o Supply power to individual emergency loads.

o Located strategically to ensure quick access and minimal power loss .

1.1.2Systems Powered by the Emergency Power Distribution

1. Safety and Survival Equipment:

o Lifeboat davits and liferaft release mechanisms.

o Emergency fire pumps.
o Ballast and bilge pumps (for emergency operations).

2. Navigation and Communication:

o Emergency lighting for escape routes and workspaces.

o Navigational aids such as radar, ECDIS, GPS, and VHF radio.
o Sound signaling devices like horns.

3. Firefighting and Alarm Systems:

o Fire detection and suppression systems.

o General alarm systems.
o CO₂ release systems for engine rooms and other spaces.

4. Control and Monitoring Systems:

 o Steering gear control systems.
o Machinery monitoring systems.
o Emergency shutdown systems.

5. Lighting:

o Emergency lighting for muster stations, staircases, corridors, and critical compartments.

EMERGENCY BATTERY SYSTEM

An emergency battery system on ships plays a crucial role in ensuring safety and
operational continuity during power outages or emergency situations. Such
systems are designed to provide backup power for critical systems essential to
navigation, communication, and safety. Here's an overview of how it works and
its key components:

Purpose of an Emergency Battery System in Ships

1. Powering Emergency Systems

o Provides electricity for navigation lights, emergency alarms,

communication systems (radio), and fire detection systems.
o Supports essential control systems, such as steering gear and
automated safety protocols.

2. Ensuring Crew and Ship Safety

o Maintains vital lighting, especially in areas like escape routes, muster

stations, and lifeboat deployment areas.
 o Supplies power to emergency pumps and monitoring systems.

3. Compliance with Regulations

o Mandatory under SOLAS (Safety of Life at Sea) regulations.

o Must be able to sustain critical systems for a defined period, typically
30 minutes to several hours.

Components of a Ship's Emergency Battery System

1. Battery Bank

o Composed of high-capacity, durable batteries (commonly lead-acid,

nickel-cadmium, or lithium-ion).
o Designed to function reliably under harsh marine conditions such as
high humidity, temperature variations, and vibrations.

2. Battery Management System (BMS)

o Monitors charging and discharging to prevent overcharging or deep

discharge.
o Ensures balanced load distribution and provides diagnostics for
battery health.

3. Charging System

o Keeps the batteries fully charged during normal operations using

power from the ship's main electrical system.
o Incorporates redundancy for uninterrupted charging.

4. Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS)

o Automatically switches from the main power source to the

emergency battery system during power failure.
 o Minimizes downtime, ensuring seamless transition.

5. Distribution Panel

o Directs power to specific emergency systems, ensuring prioritized

operation of critical equipment.

6. Inverter/Converter

o Converts the stored DC power from the batteries to AC power, if

required by the emergency systems.

Typical Systems Powered by the Emergency Battery System

 Navigation lights and signals

 Emergency communication equipment (e.g., VHF radios)
 Fire detection and alarm systems
 Emergency lighting (escape routes, muster stations)
 Automated control and monitoring systems (e.g., engine or boiler safety
controls)
 Critical pumps (e.g., bilge or firefighting pumps)

ELECTRICAL INSTRUMENTS USED ONBOARD SHIP

MEGGER

The Megger is the instrument uses for measuring the resistance of the insulation.
It works on the principle of comparison, i.e., the resistance of the insulation is
compared with the known value of resistance. If the resistance of the insulation is
high, the pointer of the moving coil deflects towards the infinity, and if it is low,
then the pointer indicates zero resistance. The accuracy of the Megger is high as
compared to other instruments.

CONSTRUCTION OF MEGGER
The construction of the Megger is shown in the figure below. The Megger has one
current coil and the two voltage coils V1 and V2. The voltage coil V1 is passed over
the magnet connected to the generator. When the pointer of the PMMC
instrument deflects towards infinity, it means that the voltage coil remains in the
weak magnetic field and thus experienced the very little torque

DIAGRAM
 Th
e torque experienced by the coil increases when it moves insides the strong
magnetic field. The coil experience the maximum torque under the pole faces and
the pointer set at the zero end of the resistance scale.

For improving the torque, the voltage coil V2 is used. The coil V2 is so allocated
that when the pointer deflects from infinity to zero coil moves into a stronger
magnetic field.

In Megger, the combined action of both the voltage coils V 1 and V2 are
considered. The coil comprises a spring of variable stiffness. It is stiff near the zero
end of the coil and becomes very weak near the infinity end of the spring.

The spring compresses the low resistance portion and opens the high resistance
of the spring, which is the great advantage of the Megger because it is used for
measuring the insulation of the resistance which is usually very high.

The instrument has voltage selector switch which is used for selecting the voltage
range of the instrument. The voltage range is controlled by selecting the varying
resistance R connected in series with the current coil. The voltage is generated by
connecting the hand driven generator.

WORKING OF MEGGER

The testing voltage is usually 500, 1000 or 2500 V which is generated by the hand
driven generator. The generator has centrifugal clutch due to which the generator
supplied the constant for the insulation test. The constant voltage is used for
testing the insulation having low resistance.

The Megger has three coils two pressure coils and one current coil. The pressure
coil rotates the moving coil in the anticlockwise direction, whereas the current
coil rotates it in the clockwise direction.

When the unknown resistance is connected in the circuit, the pointer of the
moving coil becomes stable. The pressure coil and the current coil balance the
pointer and set it in the middle of the scale.

The deflection of the pointer is directly proportional to the voltage applied to the
external circuit. When the testing circuit is applied across the Megger, and if there
is no shorting throughout the insulation then the pointer deflects towards the
infinity. Which shows that the resistance has high insulation. For low resistance,
the pointer moves towards zero.

MULTIMETER

A multimeter is an electrical measuring instrument used for measuring voltage,

current, resistance, and other electrical parameters. It can measure “multiple”
electrical quantities that depend on the type of multimeter.

They are handheld devices that vary in size, precision, and accuracy. They are
mostly used by electricians, engineering students, and hobbyists for
troubleshooting electrical devices and circuits.
It has an LCD or scale, a dial, testing probes and ports. The LCD or scale is used for
displaying the measurement. The dial has multiple functions that can be selected
by turning the knob. The testing probes are used for connected the meter to the
circuit. The ports are used for inserting the testing probes into the meter.

Types of Multimeter

There are two main types of multimeter i.e. analog multimeter and digital
multimeter.

DIGITAL MULTI METER

ANALOG MULTIMETER
Working of Multimeter

A multimeter can be either analog or digital. However, both types of multimeters

have the same working procedures.

It has a dial that is used for selecting the required measurement. it has multiple
measurement symbols written on it. The dial is rotated to select measurement. it
can also select the proper range for the measurement. Some meter has auto
range features.

It has two probes i.e. black and white. The black probe is always inserted in the
black “COM” or common port while the red probe is inserted into one of the
other red ports according to the measurement.

The probes are used to connect the meter to the circuit. The internal circuit of the
multimeter measures the selected parameter and displays its reading on the LCD
or scale.

However, the precaution and the configuration used for connecting the
multimeter to the circuit or a component varies with the type of measurement.
FUNCTION OF MULTIMETER

Function Description Symbol

AC Voltage Measure AC Voltage V~

DC Voltage Measure DC Voltage V⎓

AC Current Measure AC Current A~

DC Current Measure DC Current A⎓

Resistance Measure resistance of a Ω

circuit or component

Frequency Measure frequency of a Hz

signal

Duty Cycle Measure the duty cycle of %

the signal

Diode Test Checks a diode in a circuit

Capacitance Microfarad, measure μF

capacitance in

microfarads

Continuity Gives an audible

indication for continuity

 between two points.

Transistor Test The forward current gain hFE

of a transistor

Relative Mode Measure the offset value. REL

Used for accurate

measurement of small

values

Temperature Measures temperature in F °, C °

Fahrenheit or Celsius

HYDROMETER

A hydrometer is a tool used to measure the specific gravity (SG) of the electrolyte
in lead-acid batteries. This testing helps determine the state of charge and health
of the battery. Here's a detailed explanation:

Purpose of Hydrometer Testing in Batteries

 State of Charge (SOC): Determines how fully charged the battery is.
 Battery Health: Identifies issues like sulfation or electrolyte imbalance.

Maintenance: Ensures the battery operates efficiently by spotting

underperforming cells.

How a Hydrometer Works

 A hydrometer measures the density of the electrolyte (a mix of sulfuric acid

and water) in the battery.
 Specific gravity changes with the battery's charge:
o Fully charged: Higher specific gravity (around 1.265–1.300 at 25°C).
o Discharged: Lower specific gravity (around 1.100–1.150).

Procedure for Testing Batteries with a Hydrometer

1. Safety First

o Wear gloves and eye protection to prevent contact with the

electrolyte.
o Work in a well-ventilated area to avoid exposure to hydrogen gas.

2. Prepare the Battery

o Ensure the battery is at a stable temperature.

o Remove surface charge by operating the battery for a few minutes or
letting it rest after charging.

3. Draw Electrolyte

o Remove the vent cap of the battery cell.

o Insert the hydrometer into the cell and draw up the electrolyte until
the float inside the hydrometer is free to move.

4. Read the Specific Gravity

o Hold the hydrometer level and note where the electrolyte meets the
float scale.
o Record the reading for each cell.

5. Compare Readings
 o Check the readings against the battery manufacturer's specifications.
o A variation of more than 0.050 between cells indicates imbalance or
a potential fault.

6. Temperature Compensation

o Adjust the specific gravity readings for temperature, as SG decreases

with higher temperatures and increases with lower temperatures. A
common rule is to add or subtract 0.004 for every 10°C above or
below 25°C.

IMO REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS ON SHIPS

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has established comprehensive

regulatory requirements for shipboard electrical systems to ensure safety,
reliability, and operational efficiency. These requirements are primarily outlined
in the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) Convention and other related codes and
guidelines. Below are the key IMO regulatory requirements for ships' electrical
systems:

1. Power Supply and Distribution

 Main Source of Power:

o Ships must have a primary electrical power system capable of
supplying power to all essential and non-essential systems during
normal operations.
o The system must have redundancy to ensure reliability.

 Emergency Source of Power:

o An independent emergency power source (usually a generator or
battery system) is required to provide power to critical systems in the
event of a failure of the main power source.
 o The emergency power system must be capable of operating for at
least:
 36 hours for cargo ships.
 18 hours for passenger ships.

2. Electrical Equipment Standards

 All electrical equipment installed onboard must:

o Be designed and constructed to withstand marine environmental
conditions (e.g., vibrations, humidity, temperature variations, and
salt).
o Be certified for marine use and meet the required standards for
insulation, protection, and durability.

 Electrical systems must have protection against overcurrent and short

circuits.

3. Emergency Electrical Systems

 The emergency electrical system must power:

o Emergency lighting (including escape routes, muster stations, and
lifeboat launching areas).
o Navigation lights and communication equipment (e.g., VHF radios,
GMDSS systems).
o Fire detection and alarm systems.
o Steering gear controls (if electrically operated).
o Emergency bilge and fire pumps.
o Any other critical safety or control systems

4. Separation of Systems

 Main and emergency electrical systems must be separated to prevent

simultaneous failure due to common causes (e.g., fire or flooding).
 Cabling for critical systems must be routed through fire-protected and
watertight zones.
5. Redundancy and Fail-Safe Design

 Electrical systems must include redundancy to ensure continuous operation

of essential services in case of single-point failures.
 Systems critical to the safe operation of the ship must have fail-safe
mechanisms to prevent cascading failures.

6. Battery Systems

 Batteries used for emergency power must:

o Be capable of sustaining the required load for the specified duration.
o Be regularly tested and maintained.
o Be located in well-ventilated and protected spaces to prevent
damage from heat, fire, or water ingress.

7. Switchboards and Distribution Panels

 Switchboards must be:

o Properly insulated, labeled, and equipped with protective devices like
circuit breakers.
o Accessible but protected to prevent accidental contact or injury.

 Emergency switchboards must be located above the uppermost continuous

deck and in spaces not likely to flood or catch fire.

8. Shore Power Connection

 Ships should have provisions for shore power connections to allow the use
of external power while in port, reducing emissions and fuel consumption.

9. Alarms and Monitoring Systems

 Electrical systems must include alarms for abnormal conditions such as

overcurrent, overload, or loss of power.
 Monitoring systems must provide real-time data on power usage, system
health, and fault conditions.
10. Compliance with International Standards

 Electrical systems must comply with relevant international standards,

including:
o IEC 60092: Electrical installations in ships.
o IMO MSC/Circ.845: Guidelines for electrical and electronic
installations on board ships.
o SOLAS Chapter II-1: Construction – Structure, subdivision, and
stability, machinery, and electrical installations.

11. Hazardous Areas

 Electrical systems installed in hazardous areas (e.g., near flammable

materials) must be explosion-proof and certified for safe operation.

12. Maintenance and Testing

 Regular maintenance and testing are required to ensure system reliability.

 Emergency power systems must be tested periodically to verify their
readiness and capacity.

These IMO requirements are designed to minimize risks, ensure safe operation,
and maintain the integrity of shipboard electrical systems under all conditions.
Ships must comply with these regulations to obtain and maintain certification for
international voyages.
 CONTENTS

 BASIC COMPONENTS OF ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

 TYPES OF MARINE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

 POWER GENERATION

 POWER DISTRIBUTION

 PROTECTION DEVICES

 EMERGENCY POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM

 EMERGENCY BATTERY SYSTEM

 ELECTRICAL INSTRUMENTS

 IMO RGEGULATION AND REQUIREMENTS ON MARINE

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
.