Alvin E.

Roth
Alvin Eliot Roth (born December 18, 1951) is an
American academic. He is the Craig and Susan Alvin Roth
McCaw professor of economics at Stanford University
and the Gund professor of economics and business
administration emeritus at Harvard University.[2] He
was President of the American Economic Association
in 2017.[3]

Roth has made significant contributions to the fields of

game theory, market design and experimental
economics, and is known for his emphasis on applying
economic theory to solutions for "real-world"
problems.[4][5] Alvin E. Roth in Stockholm 2012

In 2012, he won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Born Alvin Eliot Roth
Economic Sciences jointly with Lloyd Shapley "for the December 18, 1951
theory of stable allocations and the practice of market New York City, New York, U.S.
design".[6] Education Columbia University (BS)
Stanford University (PhD)
Children Aaron Roth
Biography
Academic career
Alvin Roth was born in the New York City borough of Field Game theory, market design,
Queens to Ernest and Lillian Roth, who were both experimental economics
public high school teachers and Jewish.[7] Roth Institution Stanford University
followed his brother Ted Roth in attending the Science Harvard University
Honors Program at Columbia University, which University of Pittsburgh
offered classes to junior high school and high school
Doctoral Robert B. Wilson
students on Saturdays and entered Columbia's
advisor
engineering school in the Fall of 1968 when he was 16,
Doctoral Muriel Niederle
without having graduated from high school.
students Georg Weizsäcker
Roth graduated from Columbia University's School of Parag Pathak[1]
Engineering and Applied Science in 1971 with a Fuhito Kojima
bachelor's degree in Operations Research. He then Contributions Market design
moved to Stanford University, receiving both his Awards Frederick W. Lanchester Prize
Master's and PhD also in Operations Research there in (1990)
1973 and 1974 respectively.[8] Nobel Memorial Prize in
Economic Sciences (2012)
After leaving Stanford, Roth went on to teach at the
Golden Goose Award (2013)
University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, which he
Member of the National
left in 1982 to become the Andrew W. Mellon
Academy of Sciences (2013)
professor of economics at the University of Pittsburgh. Information ([Link]
While at Pittsburgh, he also served as a fellow in the ml) at IDEAS / RePEc
university's Center for Philosophy of Science and as a
Academic background
professor in the Katz Graduate School of Business.[9]
In 1998, Roth left to join the faculty at Harvard[10] Thesis Topics in Cooperative Game
where he remained until deciding to return to Stanford Theory ([Link]
in 2012.[11] In 2013 he became a full member of the om/docview/30273229
Stanford faculty and took emeritus status at Harvard.[2] 8/) (1974)

Roth is an Alfred P. Sloan fellow, a Guggenheim fellow, and a

fellow of the American Academy of Arts and
Sciences.[10][12][13] He is also a member of the National
Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) and the Econometric
Society.[14][15] In 2013, Roth, Shapley, and David Gale won a
Golden Goose Award for their work on market design.[16] A
collection of Roth's papers is housed at the Rubenstein Library
at Duke University.[17]

Academic Work
In October 2012, Roth was the co-recipient of the 2012 Nobel
Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, together with Lloyd S.
Shapley, The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences stated that it
awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize jointly to Roth and Shapley
"for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market Al Roth, Sydney Ideas lecture 2012
design."

The citation went on to say:

Alvin Roth recognized that Shapley's theoretical results

could clarify the functioning of important markets in
practice. In a series of empirical studies, Roth and his
colleagues demonstrated that stability is the key to
understanding the success of particular market
institutions. Roth was later able to substantiate this
Nobel laureates of 2012 during the
conclusion in systematic laboratory experiments. He
ceremony: Alvin E. Roth, Brian
also helped redesign existing institutions for matching Kobilka, Robert J. Lefkowitz, David
new doctors with hospitals, students with schools, and J. Wineland and Serge Haroche
organ donors with patients. These reforms are all based
on the Gale-Shapley algorithm, along with
modifications that take into account specific circumstances and ethical restrictions, such as the
preclusion of side payments.

Market Design
Roth made several fundamental contributions to market design since the 1990s on topics including kidney
exchange, school choice, medical residency match, entry-level job market for economists and other
markets. Describing the dynamism of market design, Roth suggests that "As the conditions of the market
change, the behavior of people change and that causes old rules to be discarded and new rules to be
created."[18]

Roth is also an active blogger on topics related to market design: he manages the Market Design Blog.

Kidney exchange
Roth did foundational theoretical work on kidney exchange along
with Tayfun Sonmez and Utku Unver, and later on with Itai
Ashlagi and other co-authors.[19][20] Roth, along with Tayfun
Sonmez and Utku Unver, were one of the first to note the
similarity between kidney exchange and one-sided matching
described by Lloyd Shapley and Herbert Scarf. They adapted the
David Gale's top-trading-cycle algorithm to allow the one-sided Roth (left), observing a kidney
matching with waiting-list options, and proposed efficient and transplantation made possible by
incentive-compatible chain selection rules. The same team kidney exchange.
subsequently showed that efficient outcomes with good incentive
properties can be found in computationally efficient ways when
only pairwise kidney exchanges are considered.

New England Program for Kidney Exchange

Roth is a co-founder of the New England Program for Kidney Exchange,[21] a registry and matching
program that pairs compatible kidney donors and recipients.[22]

The program was designed to operate primarily through the use of two pairs of incompatible donors.
Each donor was incompatible with her partner but could be compatible with another donor who was
likewise incompatible with his partner. Francis Delmonico, a transplant surgeon at Harvard Medical
School, describes a typical situation,[23]

Kidney exchange enables transplantation where it otherwise could not be accomplished. It

overcomes the frustration of a biological obstacle to transplantation. For instance, a wife may
need a kidney and her husband may want to donate, but they have a blood type incompatibility
that makes donation impossible. Now they can do an exchange. And we've done them. Now we
are working on a three-way exchange.

Because the National Organ Transplant Act forbids the creation of binding contracts for organ transplant,
steps in the procedure had to be performed roughly simultaneously. Two pairs of patients means four
operating rooms and four surgical teams acting in concert with each other. Hospitals and professionals in
the transplant community felt that the practical burden of three pairwise exchanges would be too large.[24]
While the original theoretical work discovered that an "efficient frontier" would be reached with
exchanges between three pairs of otherwise incompatible donors, it was determined that the goals of the
program would not be sacrificed by limiting exchanges to pairs of incompatible donors. A 12-party (6
donors and 6 recipients) kidney exchange was performed in April 2008.[25][26]

Global Kidney Exchange

Along with his long-time collaborator Dr Michael Rees, Roth introduced the idea of global kidney
exchange.[27] Global kidney exchange is kidney exchange conducted between patients from different
countries. Such exchange is especially beneficial when the cost of hemodialysis in the developed world
exceeds that of kidney transplantation by an amount greater than the combined cost of transplantation,
subsequent immunosuppression, and medical follow-up for a donor–recipient pair from a developing
world country. Roth, Rees and other co-authors proposed the implementation of global kidney exchange
programs that leverage the cost savings achieved through earlier transplantation over dialysis for the
developed-world kidney transplant candidates to fund the cost of kidney exchange between developed-
world patient–donor pairs with immunological barriers and developing-world patient–donor pairs with
financial barriers. The first such exchange was carried out in 2015.

Roth and coauthors have continued to contribute to ethical discussions and to practical operational
designs that can facilitate global kidney chains. In 2021, a kidney exchange was conducted between Israel
and the UAE where Roth and his colleagues like Dr Michael Rees and Itai Ashlagi played key roles.[28]

School choice
Roth helped redesign mechanisms for matching students to New York City high schools and Boston
primary schools.

New York City public school system

Roth later helped design the market to match New York City public school students to high schools as
incoming freshmen. Previously, the school district had students mail in a list of their five preferred
schools in rank order, then mailed a photocopy of that list to each of the five schools. As a result, schools
could tell whether or not students had listed them as their first choice. This meant that some students
really had a choice of one school, rather than five. It also meant that students had an incentive to hide
their true preferences. Roth and his colleagues Atila Abdulkadiroğlu and Parag Pathak proposed David
Gale and Lloyd Shapley's incentive-compatible student-proposing deferred acceptance algorithm to the
school board in 2003. The school board accepted the measure as the method of selection for New York
City public school students. [29][30]

Boston's public school system

Working with Atila Abdulkadiroğlu, Parag A. Pathak, and Tayfun Sonmez, Roth presented a similar
measure to Boston's public school system in 2003. Here the Boston system gave so much preference to an
applicant's first choice that were a student to not receive her first or second choice, it was likely that she
would not be matched with any school on her list and be administratively assigned to schools which had
vacancies. [31] Some Boston parents had informally recognized this feature of the system and developed
detailed lists in order to avoid having their children administratively assigned.[32][33] Boston held public
hearings on the school selection system and finally in 2005 settled on David Gale and Lloyd Shapley's
incentive-compatible student-proposing deferred acceptance algorithm.

National Medical Residency Match

Roth's 1984 paper on the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) highlighted the system designed
by John Stalknaker and F. J. Mullen in 1952. The system was built on theoretical foundations
independently introduced by David Gale and Lloyd Shapley in 1962.[34] Roth proved that the mechanism
used in NRMP was both stable and strategy-proof for unmarried medical residents but deferred to future
study the question of how to match married couples efficiently.[35]

In 1990s, Roth redesigned the matching program to, among other things, produce stable matches
efficiently even with married couples.[36][37] Along with Elliott Peranson, Roth proposed a variation of
the applicant-proposing deferred-acceptance algorithm modified to accommodate couples by resolving
potential instabilities caused by the presence of couples sequentially, following the instability-chaining
algorithm proposed by Roth and John H. Vande Vate.[38] The NRMP adopted the new algorithm in 1997.
The algorithm is still in use in NRMP as of 2021. Moreover, it has been adopted in entry-level labor
markets for other organizations such as the Association of Psychology Postdoctoral and Internship
Centers.[39]

Organ Donation
In a series of papers with Judd Kessler, Roth investigates economic and psychological forces that
influence organ donation decisions.[40][41][42] They investigate how changes in the management of organ
waiting lists and donor registration programs might impact donations. A notable insight from this work
suggest that organ allocation policy giving priority on waiting lists to those who previously registered as
donors has a significant positive impact on registration. In another paper, Roth and Kessler found that
giving potential donors more opportunities to donate organs while providing them with more information
can increase registrations.

Entry-level job market for economists

In 2005, the American Economic Association (AEA) asked Roth to chair a new Ad Hoc Committee on
the job market for economists. The committee's goal was to assess whether the AEA could better promote
a thick market for new Ph.D.s in economics, while reducing problems of congestion and coordination
failure, factors previously identified as crucial for successful market design.[43]

Around 1970, many departments of economics did not advertise assistant professor positions. Instead,
jobs were filled by word of mouth and through letters of inquiry, and the market was relatively thin. Since
1974 the AEA helped make the market thicker by publishing Job Openings for Economists (JOE),
initially as a hardcopy periodical and since 2002 exclusively online. The annual Allied Social Science
Associations January meetings also became a central venue for conducting interviews. By the 2000s, the
number of jobs and candidates had made fairly thick markets possible, and the market had to deal with
the congestion[44] caused by the many possibilities to be considered for both employers and applicants
alike.[45]
The work of the Committee resulted in the introduction of two market design interventions: First, in early
December prior to the January Allied Social Science Associations meeting, applicants have the option of
sending no more than two signals of special interest to employers through the AEA signaling service (htt
p://[Link]/joe/signal/). The signals are meant to let candidates credibly express interest in
employers, and to help employers identify candidates interested in their positions.[45] Second, during the
late stages of the interviewing and hiring processes, some employers may not have hired any of the
candidates they interviewed, and candidates may find that all the prospective employers with whom they
interviewed have hired someone else. To address this problem, in March, applicants still looking for jobs
and employers with unfilled jobs may indicate their continued availability on the AEA scramble website
([Link]

In a study of data from the initial four years of the signal and scramble mechanisms, Roth and coauthors
found that sending a signal increased the probability of receiving an interview by 6.8 percentage points,
on average. Moreover, they also found that at least 10 percent of the jobs listed in the scramble were
filled through the contacts facilitated by the scramble.[45]

Market Timing
Roth, along with Xiaolin Xing, wrote two important papers that extended our understanding of the timing
of transactions.[46][44] In one paper, they explored how strategic incentives can lead market participants to
cause unraveling when the hiring side of a market makes offers further in advance of employment to pre-
empt their competitors. In another, they studied the environment where transactions take time to evaluate
and complete, causing markets to be congested.

In a series of papers with Axel Ockenfels, Roth studied auction bidding behavior on eBay and found that
a very high proportion of the bids were submitted in the very last minute or seconds of the auction.[47][48]
They highlighted how eBay's design when the study was conducted, which included a fixed ending time,
gave bidders incentives to delay placing their bids, and they showed how sniping can be prevented in
auctions that end with a soft-close.

Repugnance
In an article in the Journal of Economic Perspectives titled "Repugnance as a Constraint on Markets"
Roth "introduced in the economics literature the concept of 'repugnance' for a transaction as the aversion
toward other individuals engaging in it, even if the parties directly involved benefit from that trade (i.e.
"There are some things no one should be allowed to do").[49] Repugnance considerations have important
consequences on the types of markets and transactions that we observe and, as such, they impose a
challenge for policy and market design."

Roth himself stated that: "We need to understand better and engage more with the phenomenon of
'repugnant transactions,' which, I will argue, often serves as an important constraint on markets and
market design." Roth has published on the topic across top economics, medical, social science,
philosophy, and ethics journals. A lot of Roth's focus in this area has been focused on the ethical
implications of kidney exchange and compensation for organ donors and their families. Roth has also
conducted a cross-jurisdiction study on relationships between repugnance and regulation of
transactions.[50]
The notion of repugnance has subsequently been explored in works that has attempted to understand the
origin of this repugnance for the market.[51]

Experimental Economics
Roth is one of the early pioneers of experimental economics and has made several fundamental
contributions to the field starting from the early 1970s. Roth's approach to experiments expanded the
possibilities of economic experiments could be and ushered in an approach open to influence by other
social sciences as well as game theory. Unlike earlier experimental work by Vernon Smith, Charles Plott,
and others, Roth and his coauthors appealed to sociological and psychological concepts to explain how
subjects deviated from rationally predicted outcomes right from the start.[52] His early work "was
rigorous in its specification of what economic models predicted and was rooted in formal economic
theories, yet provided accurate and insightful descriptions of actual behavior based on psychology and
sociology."[53] The Scientific Background document for the 2012 Nobel Prize in Economics states:

Roth describes how laboratory experiments and field observations can interact with game
theory, thereby establishing economics as a more satisfactory empirical science.

Besides contributing to some laboratory game designs that has become standard (for example, along with
his early collaborator the psychologist J. Keith Murnighan, Roth designed a repeated-game experiment in
which there was a fixed probability that each period of play would be the last, providing researchers with
a tool to study infinitely repeated games in the laboratory).[54][55] Roth has also outlined methodological
issues that both producers and consumers of experimental research must consider in interpreting
experimental results and published the full datasets of his experiments while the field was still in its
nascency, laying the groundwork for much of the metascience debates regarding experiments in
economics.[56]

Roth also edited two volumes of the Handbook of Experimental Economics with John Kagel.[57]

Bargaining
Along with some of his early collaborators in experimental economics, most notably Michael Malouf and
J. Keith Murnighan, tested the predictions of cooperative bargaining theory in the laboratory.[58][59] This
work provided important empirical evidence to support the claim that cooperative bargaining models
were useful to predict the qualitative effects of changes in risk aversion. Some of these experiments also
highlighted the importance of focal-point effects and fairness concerns. Roth and Murnighan found that
information asymmetry and communication structure are critical determinants of bargaining outcomes,
and that while risk averse bargainers make concessions to resolve their aversion to risk, this is less
harmful than what conventional economics predict in predictable contexts. Roth has also conducted a
series of experiments to test the predictions of non-cooperative bargaining theory in collaboration with
Jack Ochs.

Roth, along with Vesna Prasnikar, Masahiro Okuno-Fujiwara, and Shmuel Zamir, published an influential
study to investigate bargaining across four different countries (Israel, Japan, USA, and the former
Yugoslavia).[60] This paper is one of the first experimental studies in economics to tackle cultural
differences with data, and found no cultural differences in the markets, all of which converged to the
predicted subgame perfect outcome. This influential paper has been selected one of the top 20 papers in
experimental economics.[61]

Reinforcement Learning
A series of papers by Roth with Ido Erev demonstrates that the main deviations from rational choice in
repeated choice tasks (including extensive form games, games with unique mixed strategy equilibrium,
and decisions under uncertainty) can be predicted with surprisingly simple learning models.[62]

Market Design Experiments

Along with coauthors like John Kagel, Muriel Niederle, and others, Roth had pioneered the use of
experiments for practical market design. Roth and Kagel compared the algorithm used in clearinghouses
in Edinburgh and Cardiff to assign entry-level doctors to positions with the stable deferred acceptance
algorithm and provided empirical evidence that the latter did not suffer from unravelling – offering the
first piece of experimental evidence that the stability of matching algorithm support a market plays a
crucial role to the functioning of such market.[63]

This line of research has been furthered with Roth's work with Muriel Niederle that helped shed light on
how a matching market can collapse and its consequences, taking inspiration from the collapse of the
gastroenterology fellowship in the United States.[64] This and other work helped the American
Gastroenterology Association reintroduce a deferred acceptance algorithm in 2006.[65] Roth has also used
experiments to evaluate the decision architecture and implications of matching markets including that of
law clerk matching. Roth had also used laboratory experiments to study the regulation of transplant
centers and organ procurement organizations with Alex Chan.[66]

Game Theory
Roth made several fundamental contributions to game theory on topics including Shapley Value,
axiomatic bargaining, and matching theory.

Shapley Value
Roth introduced a utility perspective on the Shapley value.[67][68] Roth's key contribution is to show that
a value can be viewed to represent a valuation or utility of a player regarding a cooperative interactive
decision situation in which the player participates. Under this interpretation, a cooperative game describes
the potential values that can be generated by the various coalitions of which the player is a member. This
player evaluates this situation using a utility function, and the Shapley value can be interpreted as such a
utility function – the Shapley value is the specific von Neumann–Morgenstern expected utility function
that is neutral to ordinary as well as strategic risk.

Axiomatic Bargaining
In 1978 Roth took a semester leave at the Economics Department at Stanford while being a faculty
member at the University of Illinois, where he taught a course whose lecture notes became a textbook on
axiomatic models of bargaining.[69] Some economists have studied the effects of risk aversion on the
bargaining solution. Compare two similar bargaining problems A and B, where the feasible space and the
utility of player 1 remain fixed, but the utility of player 2 is different: player 2 is more risk-averse in A
than in B. Then, the payoff of player 2 in the Nash bargaining solution is smaller in A than in B.
However, this is true only if the outcome itself is certain; if the outcome is risky, then a risk-averse player
may get a better deal as proved by Roth and Uriel Rothblum.[70]

Matching Theory
Roth has made several fundamental contributions to the theory of matching. Prominent examples
include:

The core of housing market coincides with the unique competitive allocation: Roth and Postlewaite have
shown that in markets with indivisible goods and private endowments ("housing markets") the core
coincides with the unique competitive allocation.[71] Their construction uses David Gale's top-trading-
cycle algorithm (TTC), which was also used by Shapley and Scarf to prove the existence of a competitive
allocation.[72]

The rural hospital theorem, that states that the same positions are filled in all stable matchings, and that
the set of matched agents is identical in all stable matchings.[73][74] This theorem refuted suggestions that
changing the way the National Residency Match Program treats medical graduates and hospitals may
change the number of doctors assigned to rural hospitals.

Strategy-proofness of deferred acceptance and top-trading-cycle. Roth has shown that student-proposing
deferred acceptance is weakly (group) strategy-proof – truthful reporting to the student-proposing
deferred acceptance mechanism is a weakly dominant strategy and furthermore it cannot strictly benefit
any coalition of manipulators.[75] The same paper also shows that no stable matching mechanism makes
truthful reporting dominant for both sides of the market. He was also the first to show that top-trading-
cycle is strategy-proof.

In addition to these (and many other) contributions, Roth has co-authored with Marilda Sotomayor a book
on two-sided matching.[76] This book organized the knowledge that was available at that time, and set the
agenda for research in matching theory in the following decades.

Teaching
Roth has taught a variety of courses in Economics. In the early 2000s, together with Paul Milgrom, Roth
taught the first graduate course on Market Design, which brought together topics on auctions, matching,
and other related areas. The market design course has served as a basis for many similar graduate courses
across the US and around the world, and has helped jump-start the field of Market Design.
Over his career, he had advised over four dozen doctoral students and about the same number of post-
doctoral fellows. Many of his students have gone on to prolific research careers, and many has won major
awards in the field including a John Bates Clark Medalist, a Nakahara Prize laureate, a Gottfried Wilhelm
Leibniz Prize winner and an Oskar-Morgenstern Medalist. Roth has received teaching awards from
University of Illinois, University of Pittsburgh, and Harvard University.

Personal life
Roth is married to Dr Emilie Roth and has two sons.[8] Emilie Roth is a psychologist specialized in
cognitive engineering. His elder son, Aaron Roth, is the Henry Salvatori Professor of Computer and
Cognitive Science at the University of Pennsylvania.[77] As of 2023, his younger son, Ben Roth, is an
associate professor of Business Administration at Harvard Business School.[78]

Books
Roth is the author of numerous scholarly articles, books, and other publications. A selection:

1979. Axiomatic Models of Bargaining, Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical

Systems ([Link]
h/Axiomatic_Models_of_Bargaining.pdf). Springer Verlag.
1985. Game-Theoretic Models of Bargaining" ([Link]
2/[Link] (editor) Cambridge University Press, 1985.
1987. Laboratory Experimentation in Economics: Six Points of View. (editor) Cambridge
University Press. (Chinese translation, 2008)
1988. The Shapley Value: Essays in Honor of Lloyd S. Shapley. (editor) Cambridge
University Press.
1990. Two-Sided Matching: A Study in Game-Theoretic Modeling and Analysis. With Marilda
Sotomayor. Cambridge University Press.
1995. Handbook of Experimental Economics. Edited with J.H. Kagel. Princeton University
Press.
2001. Game Theory in the Tradition of Bob Wilson. Edited with Bengt Holmstrom and Paul
Milgrom.
2015. Who Gets What and Why. Eamon Dolan/Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.

Journal articles
Roth has published over 200 articles in peer reviewed journals.[79] According to Google Scholar, the most
widely cited have been:

Erev, Ido; Roth, Alvin E. (1998). "Predicting how people play games: Reinforcement learning
in experimental games with unique, mixed strategy equilibria". American Economic Review.
88 (4): 848–881. JSTOR 117009 ([Link]
Roth, Alvin E.; Erev, Ido (1995). "Learning in extensive-form games: Experimental data and
simple dynamic models in the intermediate term". Games and Economic Behavior. 8 (1):
164–212. doi:10.1016/S0899-8256(05)80020-X ([Link]
805%2980020-X).
 Roth, Alvin E.; Prasnikar, Vesna; Okuno-Fujiwara, Masahiro; Zamir, Shmuel (1991).
"Bargaining and Market Behavior in Jerusalem, Ljubljana, Pittsburgh, and Tokyo: An
Experimental Study". American Economic Review. 81 (5): 1068–1095. JSTOR 2006907 (htt
ps://[Link]/stable/2006907).
Roth, Alvin E. (1984). "The Evolution of the Labor Market for Medical Interns and Residents:
A Case Study in Game Theory" ([Link]
[Link]) (PDF). Journal of Political Economy. 92 (6): 991–1016. doi:10.1086/261272 ([Link]
[Link]/10.1086%2F261272). JSTOR 1831989 ([Link]
S2CID 1360205 ([Link]
Roth, Alvin E.; Ockenfels, Axel (2002). "Last-Minute Bidding and the Rules for Ending
Second-Price Auctions: Evidence from eBay and Amazon Auctions on the Internet".
American Economic Review. 92 (4): 1093–1103. doi:10.1257/00028280260344632 (https://
[Link]/10.1257%2F00028280260344632). JSTOR 3083298 ([Link]
83298).
Roth, Alvin E. (2002). "The Economist as Engineer: Game Theory, Experimentation, and
Computation as Tools for Design Economics". Econometrica. 70 (4): 1341–1378.
doi:10.1111/1468-0262.00335 ([Link]
JSTOR 3082001 ([Link]
Roth, Alvin E. (1982). "The Economics of Matching: Stability and Incentives". Mathematics
of Operations Research. 7 (4): 617–628. doi:10.1287/moor.7.4.617 ([Link]
7%2Fmoor.7.4.617).
Roth, Alvin E.; Peranson, Elliott (1999). "The Redesign of the Matching Market for American
Physicians: Some Engineering Aspects of Economic Design" ([Link]
[Link]) (PDF). American Economic Review. 89 (4): 748–780. doi:10.1257/aer.89.4.748 (h
ttps://[Link]/10.1257%2Faer.89.4.748). JSTOR 117158 ([Link]
8). PMID 29115787 ([Link] S2CID 14904630 (https://
[Link]/CorpusID:14904630).
Roth, Alvin E.; Sönmez, Tayfun; Ünver, M. Utku (2004). "Kidney Exchange" ([Link]
[Link]/urn-3:[Link]). The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 119 (2): 457–
488. doi:10.1162/0033553041382157 ([Link]
Abdulkadiroğlu, Atila; Pathak, Parag A.; Roth, Alvin E. (2005). "The New York City High
School Match" ([Link] American Economic
Review. 95 (2): 364–367. doi:10.1257/000282805774670167 ([Link]
0282805774670167).
Haruvy, Ernan; Roth, Alvin E.; Ünver, M. Utku (2006). "The dynamics of law clerk matching:
An experimental and computational investigation of proposals for reform of the market" (http
s://[Link]/10.1016/[Link].2005.02.002). Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control. 30 (3):
457–486. doi:10.1016/[Link].2005.02.002 ([Link]

See also

Economics portal

Biography portal

Market design
Experimental economics
Repugnant market
Repugnancy costs
 List of Jewish Nobel laureates

References
1. Essays on real -life allocation problems ([Link]
2. Al Roth's Game Theory, Experimental Economics, and Market Design Page ([Link]
[Link]/~alroth/) (accessed 2013-27-04).
3. Past Presidents ([Link]
nts)
4. Susan Adams, "Un-Freakonomics: A Harvard professor uses economics to save lives,
assign doctors and get kids into the right high school." ([Link]
0809/[Link]) Forbes, August 9,
2010.
5. Leon Neyfakh, "The Matchmaker: The Harvard economist who stopped just studying the
world and began trying to fix it" ([Link]
03/the_matchmaker/?page=full), The Boston Globe, April 3, 2011.
6. The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2012 (https://
[Link]/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/2012/), Nobel Prize official site
(accessed 2012-10-15).
7. "Alvin Roth" ([Link] [Link].
Retrieved 2023-03-28.
8. Niklas Magnusson and Josiane Kremer, Roth, Shapley Win Nobel Economics Prize for
Matching Theory" ([Link]
[Link]), [Link], October 15, 2012.
9. Chute, Eleanor (October 15, 2012). "Professor with Pitt ties wins Nobel economics prize" (ht
tp://[Link]/pg/12289/[Link]). Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved
October 16, 2012.
10. Alvin E. Roth Biography ([Link]
oth) Archived ([Link]
[Link]?facInfo=bio&facEmId=aroth) 2008-06-18 at the Wayback Machine Faculty and
Research. Accessed on June 6, 2008
11. Katherine Mangan, "Stanford Lures Alvin Roth and 2 Other Economists From Harvard" (htt
p://[Link]/article/Stanford-Lures-3-Top/132317/), The Chronicle of Higher Education,
June 18, 2012.
12. John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation R Fellows Page ([Link]
ml) Archived ([Link]
August 7, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation.
Accessed on July 6, 2008
13. Members of the Academy of Arts & Sciences ([Link]
Archived ([Link]
[Link]) June 25, 2008, at the Wayback Machine (October 2007). American Academy of Arts
and Sciences. Accessed on July 6, 2008
14. Fellows of the Econometric Society ([Link]
Archived ([Link]
[Link]) December 10, 2008, at the Wayback Machine (March 2008). Econometric
Society. Accessed on July 6, 2008
15. Alvin E. Roth ([Link] National Bureau of Economic
Research. Accessed on July 6, 2008
16. "Market Design" ([Link]
[Link]/awardees/zfh0utmzft7uewzc3lscuvdp21ogw2). The Golden Goose Award. Archived
from the original ([Link]
ogw2) on 2016-12-16. Retrieved 2015-05-27.
17. "Alvin Roth Papers" ([Link] Rubenstein
Library, Duke University. Retrieved 2016-03-18.
18. Alvin Roth. [Link]
in UBS Nobel Perspectives interview, 2012.
19. Roth, Alvin; Sonmez, Tayfun; Unver, M. Utku (September 2003). "Kidney Exchange" (https://
[Link]/10.3386%2Fw10002). Cambridge, MA. doi:10.3386/w10002 ([Link]
6%2Fw10002). {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
20. Ashlagi, Itai; Roth, Alvin (February 2021). "Kidney Exchange: An Operations Perspective" (h
ttps://[Link]/10.3386/w28500). Cambridge, MA. doi:10.3386/w28500 ([Link]
386%2Fw28500). S2CID 233378227 ([Link]
7). {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
21. Dubner, Stephen; Levitt, Steven (July 9, 2006). "Flesh Trade" ([Link]
6/07/09/magazine/09wwln_freak.html). New York Times Magazine. Retrieved July 5, 2008.
22. Wessel, David (June 17, 2004). "Renal Donors Swap Recipients If Blood Types Don't
Match; Cheating on Priority Lists" ([Link]
[Link]/~sonmezt/[Link]). The Wall Street Journal. Archived from
the original ([Link] on July 6, 2008.
Retrieved June 23, 2008.
23. "Kidney Exchange: A Life-Saving Application of Matching Theory" ([Link]
veries/disc_summ.jsp?cntn_id=104404&org=NSF). Discoveries. National Science
Foundation. 5 October 2005. Archived ([Link]
s://[Link]/discoveries/disc_summ.jsp?cntn_id=104404&org=NSF) from the original on
June 21, 2008. Retrieved July 5, 2008.
24. Roth, Alvin E.; Tayfun Sonmez; Utku Unver (2005). "Pairwise kidney exchange" ([Link]
[Link]/web/20100725095703/[Link]
[Link]) (PDF). Journal of Economic Theory. 125 (2): 153. doi:10.1016/[Link].2005.04.004 (http
s://[Link]/10.1016%[Link].2005.04.004). S2CID 583399 ([Link]
orpusID:583399). Archived from the original ([Link]
[Link]) (PDF) on July 25, 2010. Retrieved July 5, 2008.
25. " 'Six-way' kidney transplant first" ([Link] BBC
News. April 9, 2008. Retrieved June 1, 2008.
26. Harford, Tim (April 10, 2008). "6-way kidney exchange: Al Roth should be proud" ([Link]
[Link]/undercover/2008/04/6-way-kidney-exchange-al-roth-should-be-proud/). The
Undercover Economist blog. Financial Times. Archived ([Link]
16202519/[Link]
-proud/) from the original on May 16, 2008. Retrieved June 18, 2008.
27. Rees, M. A.; Paloyo, S. R.; Roth, A. E.; Krawiec, K. D.; Ekwenna, O.; Marsh, C. L.; Wenig,
A. J.; Dunn, T. B. (September 2017). "Global kidney exchange: Financially incompatible
pairs are not transplantable compatible pairs" ([Link]
American Journal of Transplantation. 17 (10): 2743–2744. doi:10.1111/ajt.14451 ([Link]
org/10.1111%2Fajt.14451). ISSN 1600-6135 ([Link]
PMID 28758331 ([Link] S2CID 39612836 ([Link]
[Link]/CorpusID:39612836).
28. Donation, Alliance for Paired Kidney. "Israel, UAE Residents Come Together For Historic
Kidney Transplants" ([Link]
-[Link]). [Link] (Press
release). Retrieved 2021-12-06.
29. Alvin E. Roth (2005). "The New York City High School Match" ([Link]
u/~aroth/papers/[Link]) Archived ([Link]
p://[Link]/~aroth/papers/[Link]) July 2, 2007, at the Wayback
Machine (or here [1] ([Link] With Atila Abdulkadiroglu and
Parag A. Pathak. in: American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings 95. (2): 364–
367.
30. Herszenhornh, David M. (October 3, 2003). "Revised Admission for High Schools" ([Link]
[Link]/2003/10/03/nyregion/[Link]). The New York Times. pp. New
York/Region. Retrieved June 27, 2008.
31. Gareth Cook (2003). "School assignment flaws detailed: Two economists study problem,
offer relief" ([Link] Archived
([Link]
[Link]) 2008-12-10 at the Wayback Machine In: The Boston Globe 2003-9-
12.
32. Alvin E. Roth. (2007). "Robert Rosenthal Memorial Lecture 2007: What Have we Learned
from Market Design?" ([Link]
Archived ([Link]
rosenthal/[Link]) May 27, 2008, at the Wayback Machine Flash, Web Video.
Boston: Boston University.
33. Roth noted that the West Zone Parents Group at Yahoo Groups, among others, devoted
considerable time and effort to estimating capacity for schools in the area and disseminated
recommendations on the basis of those estimates.
34. D. Gale and L. S. Shapley: "College Admissions and the Stability of Marriage", American
Mathematical Monthly 69, 9–14, 1962.
35. Alvin E. Roth (1984). "The Evolution of the Labor Market for Medical Interns and Residents:
A Case Study in Game Theory" ([Link]
Archived ([Link]
h/papers/[Link]) July 20, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. In: Journal of Political
Economy 92: 991–1016. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
36. Roth, Alvin E. Deferred Acceptance Algorithms: History, Theory, Practice, and Open
Questions, International Journal of Game Theory, Special Issue in Honor of David Gale on
his 85th birthday, 36, March 2008, 537–569.
37. Sara Robinson. "Tweaking the Math to Make Happier Medical Marriages" ([Link]
[Link]/2004/08/24/science/tweaking-the-math-to-make-happier-medical-marriages-724114.
html). in: The New York Times. August 24, 2004.
38. Roth, Alvin E.; Vate, John H. Vande (November 1990). "Random Paths to Stability in Two-
Sided Matching" ([Link] Econometrica. 58 (6): 1475.
doi:10.2307/2938326 ([Link] ISSN 0012-9682 ([Link]
[Link]/issn/0012-9682). JSTOR 2938326 ([Link]
39. Kojima, Fuhito; Pathak, Parag; Roth, Alvin (May 2010). "Matching with Couples: Stability
and Incentives in Large Markets" ([Link] Cambridge, MA.
doi:10.3386/w16028 ([Link] {{cite journal}}: Cite
journal requires |journal= (help)
40. Kessler, Judd; Roth, Alvin (August 2011). "Organ Allocation Policy and the Decision to
Donate" ([Link] Cambridge, MA. doi:10.3386/w17324 (https://
[Link]/10.3386%2Fw17324). {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal=
(help)
41. Kessler, Judd; Roth, Alvin (August 2014). "Don't Take 'No' For An Answer: An Experiment
With Actual Organ Donor Registrations" ([Link] Cambridge,
MA. doi:10.3386/w20378 ([Link] S2CID 70822441 ([Link]
[Link]/CorpusID:70822441). {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires
|journal= (help)
42. Stoler, Avraham; Kessler, Judd B.; Ashkenazi, Tamar; Roth, Alvin E.; Lavee, Jacob (2016-
04-29). "Incentivizing Organ Donor Registrations with Organ Allocation Priority" ([Link]
[Link]/10.1002/hec.3328). Health Economics. 26 (4): 500–510. doi:10.1002/hec.3328 (http
s://[Link]/10.1002%2Fhec.3328). ISSN 1057-9230 ([Link]
230). PMID 27125490 ([Link] S2CID 11147048 (http
s://[Link]/CorpusID:11147048).
43. Roth, Alvin (October 2007). "What Have We Learned From Market Design?" ([Link]
10.3386%2Fw13530). Cambridge, MA. doi:10.3386/w13530 ([Link]
3530). {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
44. Roth, Alvin E.; Xing, Xiaolin (April 1997). "Turnaround Time and Bottlenecks in Market
Clearing: Decentralized Matching in the Market for Clinical Psychologists" ([Link]
10.1086/262074). Journal of Political Economy. 105 (2): 284–329. doi:10.1086/262074 (http
s://[Link]/10.1086%2F262074). ISSN 0022-3808 ([Link]
08). S2CID 154396718 ([Link]
45. Coles, Peter; Cawley, John; Levine, Phillip B; Niederle, Muriel; Roth, Alvin E; Siegfried, John
J (2010-11-01). "The Job Market for New Economists: A Market Design Perspective" (http
s://[Link]/10.1257%2Fjep.24.4.187). Journal of Economic Perspectives. 24 (4): 187–206.
doi:10.1257/jep.24.4.187 ([Link] ISSN 0895-3309 (http
s://[Link]/issn/0895-3309).
46. Roth, Alvin E. (1994). Jumping the gun : imperfections and institutions related to the timing
of market transactions ([Link] American Economic Review.
OCLC 820389576 ([Link]
47. Roth, Alvin E; Ockenfels, Axel (2002-08-01). "Last-Minute Bidding and the Rules for Ending
Second-Price Auctions: Evidence from eBay and Amazon Auctions on the Internet" ([Link]
[Link]/10.1257/00028280260344632). American Economic Review. 92 (4): 1093–1103.
doi:10.1257/00028280260344632 ([Link]
ISSN 0002-8282 ([Link]
48. Ockenfels, Axel; Roth, Alvin E. (2003). "Late and Multiple Bidding in Second Price Internet
Auctions: Theory and Evidence Concerning Different Rules for Ending an Auction" ([Link]
[Link]/10.2139/ssrn.432900). SSRN Electronic Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.432900 (https://
[Link]/10.2139%2Fssrn.432900). ISSN 1556-5068 ([Link]
068). S2CID 244384547 ([Link]
49. Roth, Alvin (November 2006). "Repugnance as a Constraint on Markets" ([Link]
3386%2Fw12702). Cambridge, MA. doi:10.3386/w12702 ([Link]
2). {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
50. Roth, Alvin E.; Wang, Stephanie W. (2020-07-29). "Popular repugnance contrasts with legal
bans on controversial markets" ([Link]
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 117 (33): 19792–19798.
Bibcode:2020PNAS..11719792R ([Link]
R). doi:10.1073/pnas.2005828117 ([Link]
ISSN 0027-8424 ([Link] PMC 7443974 ([Link]
[Link]/pmc/articles/PMC7443974). PMID 32727903 ([Link]
ov/32727903).
51. Brisset, Nicolas (2022-12-09). "What Do We Learn from Market Design? On the Moral
Foundations of Repugnance" ([Link]
[Link]?ref=doi). Revue de philosophie économique. 22 (2): 29–53.
doi:10.3917/rpec.222.0029 ([Link] ISSN 1376-0971 (ht
tps://[Link]/issn/1376-0971). S2CID 254969677 ([Link]
g/CorpusID:254969677).
52. Roth, Alvin E.; Malouf, Michael W.K.; Murnighan, [Link] (June 1981). "Sociological versus
strategic factors in bargaining" ([Link] Journal
of Economic Behavior & Organization. 2 (2): 153–177. doi:10.1016/0167-2681(81)90003-2
([Link] ISSN 0167-2681 ([Link]
[Link]/issn/0167-2681).
53. Luca, Michael (3 March 2020). The power of experiments : decision making in a data-driven
world ([Link] MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-04387-8.
OCLC 1153991121 ([Link]
54. Murnighan, J. Keith; Roth, Alvin E. (June 1983). "Expecting Continued Play in Prisoner's
Dilemma Games" ([Link] Journal of Conflict
Resolution. 27 (2): 279–300. doi:10.1177/0022002783027002004 ([Link]
2F0022002783027002004). ISSN 0022-0027 ([Link]
S2CID 143975157 ([Link]
55. Roth, Alvin E; Murnighan, [Link] (April 1978). "Equilibrium behavior and repeated play of
the prisoner's dilemma" ([Link] Journal of
Mathematical Psychology. 17 (2): 189–198. doi:10.1016/0022-2496(78)90030-5 ([Link]
org/10.1016%2F0022-2496%2878%2990030-5). ISSN 0022-2496 ([Link]
rg/issn/0022-2496).
56. Roth, Alvin E. (1994), "Lets Keep the Con out of Experimental Econ.: A Methodological
Note" ([Link] Experimental Economics,
Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, pp. 99–109, doi:10.1007/978-3-642-51179-0_6 ([Link]
org/10.1007%2F978-3-642-51179-0_6), ISBN 978-3-642-51181-3, retrieved 2021-12-06
57. Kagel, John H. (20 September 2016). The Handbook of Experimental Economics : The
Handbook of Experimental Economics ([Link] Princeton
University Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-8317-2. OCLC 1198838870 ([Link]
oclc/1198838870).
58. Murnighan, J. Keith; Roth, Alvin E.; Schoumaker, Francoise (March 1988). "Risk aversion in
bargaining: An experimental study" ([Link] Journal of Risk
and Uncertainty. 1 (1): 101–124. doi:10.1007/bf00055566 ([Link]
55566). ISSN 0895-5646 ([Link] S2CID 154784555 (h
ttps://[Link]/CorpusID:154784555).
59. Malouf, Michael W.K.; Roth, Alvin E. (June 1981). "Disagreement in Bargaining" ([Link]
[Link]/10.1177/002200278102500206). Journal of Conflict Resolution. 25 (2): 329–348.
doi:10.1177/002200278102500206 ([Link]
ISSN 0022-0027 ([Link] S2CID 145725481 ([Link]
[Link]/CorpusID:145725481).
60. Falk, Armin (2021-07-12), "Bargaining and market behavior in Jerusalem, Ljubljana,
Pittsburgh, and Tokyo: An experimental study (by Alvin E. Roth, Vesna Prasnikar, Masahiro
Okuno-Fujiwara, and Shmuel Zamir)" ([Link] The
Art of Experimental Economics, London: Routledge, pp. 103–108,
doi:10.4324/9781003019121-9 ([Link]
ISBN 9781003019121, S2CID 237797782 ([Link]
7782), retrieved 2021-12-06
61. Charness, Gary; Pingle, Mark (2021-07-12). The Art of Experimental Economics ([Link]
[Link]/10.4324/9781003019121). doi:10.4324/9781003019121 ([Link]
9781003019121). ISBN 9781003019121. S2CID 237748438 ([Link]
g/CorpusID:237748438).
62. Roth, Alvin E.; Erev, Ido (January 1995). "Learning in extensive-form games: Experimental
data and simple dynamic models in the intermediate term" ([Link]
-8256(05)80020-x). Games and Economic Behavior. 8 (1): 164–212. doi:10.1016/s0899-
8256(05)80020-x ([Link] ISSN 0899-
8256 ([Link]
63. Kagel, John H.; Roth, Alvin E. (February 2000). "The Dynamics of Reorganization in
Matching Markets: A Laboratory Experiment Motivated by A Natural Experiments*" ([Link]
[Link]/10.1162/003355300554719). Quarterly Journal of Economics. 115 (1): 201–235.
doi:10.1162/003355300554719 ([Link]
ISSN 0033-5533 ([Link]
64. McKinney, C. Nicholas; Niederle, Muriel; Roth, Alvin (February 2003). "The collapse of a
medical clearinghouse (and why such failures are rare)" ([Link]
Cambridge, MA. doi:10.3386/w9467 ([Link] {{cite
journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
65. Niederle, Muriel; Roth, Alvin E. (August 2004). "The gastroenterology fellowship Match: How
it failed and why it could succeed once again" ([Link]
34). Gastroenterology. 127 (2): 658–666. doi:10.1053/[Link].2004.05.034 ([Link]
0.1053%[Link].2004.05.034). ISSN 0016-5085 ([Link]
085). PMID 15300596 ([Link]
66. "John H. Kagel Symposium – Economic Science Association" ([Link]
u/esa2021/[Link]/kagel-symposium/). Retrieved 2021-12-06.
67. Roth, Alvin E. (April 1977). "The Shapley Value as a von Neumann-Morgenstern Utility" (http
s://[Link]/10.2307/1911680). Econometrica. 45 (3): 657–664. doi:10.2307/1911680 (http
s://[Link]/10.2307%2F1911680). hdl:2027/[Link]:/13960/t6qz38t6q ([Link]
t/2027%[Link]%3A%2F13960%2Ft6qz38t6q). ISSN 0012-9682 ([Link]
[Link]/issn/0012-9682). JSTOR 1911680 ([Link]
S2CID 154081589 ([Link]
68. Roth, Alvin E. (1988-10-28), "Introduction to the Shapley value" ([Link]
bo9780511528446.002), The Shapley Value, Cambridge University Press, pp. 1–28,
doi:10.1017/cbo9780511528446.002 ([Link]
ISBN 9780521361774, retrieved 2021-12-06
69. Roth, Alvin E. (2005). Game-theoretic models of bargaining ([Link]
90). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-02274-6. OCLC 68965790 ([Link]
[Link]/oclc/68965790).
70. Roth, Alvin E.; Rothblum, Uriel G. (May 1982). "Risk Aversion and Nash's Solution for
Bargaining Games with Risky Outcomes" ([Link]
Econometrica. 50 (3): 639. doi:10.2307/1912605 ([Link]
ISSN 0012-9682 ([Link] JSTOR 1912605 ([Link]
[Link]/stable/1912605).
71. Roth, Alvin E.; Postlewaite, Andrew (August 1977). "Weak versus strong domination in a
market with indivisible goods" ([Link] Journal of
Mathematical Economics. 4 (2): 131–137. doi:10.1016/0304-4068(77)90004-0 ([Link]
g/10.1016%2F0304-4068%2877%2990004-0). ISSN 0304-4068 ([Link]
g/issn/0304-4068).
72. Shapley, Lloyd; Scarf, Herbert (March 1974). "On cores and indivisibility" ([Link]
10.1016/0304-4068(74)90033-0). Journal of Mathematical Economics. 1 (1): 23–37.
doi:10.1016/0304-4068(74)90033-0 ([Link]
3-0). ISSN 0304-4068 ([Link] S2CID 154744803 (http
s://[Link]/CorpusID:154744803).
73. Roth, Alvin E. (December 1984). "The Evolution of the Labor Market for Medical Interns and
Residents: A Case Study in Game Theory" ([Link] Journal of
Political Economy. 92 (6): 991–1016. doi:10.1086/261272 ([Link]
72). ISSN 0022-3808 ([Link] S2CID 1360205 (https://
[Link]/CorpusID:1360205).
74. Roth, Alvin E. (March 1986). "On the Allocation of Residents to Rural Hospitals: A General
Property of Two-Sided Matching Markets" ([Link]
Econometrica. 54 (2): 425–427. doi:10.2307/1913160 ([Link]
ISSN 0012-9682 ([Link] JSTOR 1913160 ([Link]
[Link]/stable/1913160).
75. Roth, Alvin E. (January 1982). "Incentive compatibility in a market with indivisible goods" (htt
ps://[Link]/10.1016/0165-1765(82)90003-9). Economics Letters. 9 (2): 127–132.
doi:10.1016/0165-1765(82)90003-9 ([Link]
3-9). ISSN 0165-1765 ([Link]
76. Roth, Alvin E.; Oliveira Sotomayor, Marilda A.; Roth, Alvin E.; Sotomayor, Marilda A. Oliveira
(1990), "Epilogue" ([Link] Two-Sided Matching,
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 241–242, doi:10.1017/ccol052139015x.016 (ht
tps://[Link]/10.1017%2Fccol052139015x.016), ISBN 9781139052214, retrieved
2021-12-06
77. "Aaron Roth" ([Link]
78. "MIT Economics : Graduate Economics Association" ([Link]
[Link]?facId=1028680).
79. E. ROTH, ALVIN (October 2022). "VITA" ([Link]
df) (PDF). [Link]. Retrieved 2023-04-21.

External links
Alvin E. Roth ([Link]
[Link]?facInfo=bio&facEmId=aroth) at Harvard Business School
Compilation of research and press coverage ([Link]
[Link] at Al Roth's game theory, experimental
economics, and market design page.
Video - Alvin E. Roth (2014) : Repugnant Markets and Prohibited Transactions ([Link]
[Link]/videos/33959/alvin-roth/meeting-2014-eco) at the Lindau Nobel
Laureate Meeting, August 20, 2014
Appearances ([Link] on C-SPAN
Alvin E. Roth ([Link] on [Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]