Physics Terminologies with Definitions

1. Acceleration: The rate of change of velocity of an object.

2. Amplitude: The maximum extent of a vibration or displacement of a
wave from its rest position.
3. Angular Momentum: The quantity of rotation of an object, dependent
on its mass, shape, and speed.
4. Antiparticle: A subatomic particle having the same mass as a given
particle but opposite electric or magnetic properties.
5. Atom: The smallest unit of a chemical element, consisting of a nucleus
surrounded by electrons.
6. Black Hole: A region of space having a gravitational field so intense
that no matter or radiation can escape.
7. Bohr Model: A model of the atom in which electrons orbit the nucleus
in discrete energy levels.
8. Capacitance: The ability of a system to store an electric charge.
9. Cathode: The electrode from which electrons are emitted in a vacuum
tube or semiconductor device.
10. Centripetal Force: The force that keeps an object moving in a
circular path, directed towards the center of the circle.
11. Charge: A property of matter that causes it to experience a force
when placed in an electromagnetic field.
12. Circuit: A closed loop through which an electric current flows.
13. Coefficient of Friction: A dimensionless scalar value that
describes the ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the
force pressing them together.
14. Conduction: The process by which heat or electricity is directly
transmitted through a substance.
15. Conservation of Energy: The principle that energy cannot be
created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.
16. Conservation of Momentum: The principle that the total
momentum of a closed system is constant if no external forces are
acting on it.
17. Coulomb’s Law: The law stating that the electrostatic force
between two charges is directly proportional to the product of the
charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance
between them.
18. Current: The flow of electric charge in a conductor.
19. Density: The mass per unit volume of a substance.
20. Diffraction: The bending of waves around obstacles and
openings.
21. Displacement: The change in position of an object.
22. Doppler Effect: The change in frequency or wavelength of a
wave in relation to an observer moving relative to the wave source.
23. Electric Field: A field around charged particles that exerts a
force on other charged particles.
24. Electromagnetic Spectrum: The range of all types of
electromagnetic radiation.
25. Electromotive Force (EMF): The energy provided per charge by
an energy source in a circuit.
26. Electron: A subatomic particle with a negative electric charge.
27. Energy: The capacity to do work or produce heat.
28. Entropy: A measure of the disorder or randomness in a system.
29. Equilibrium: The state in which opposing forces or influences are
balanced.
30. Faraday’s Law: The law stating that a change in magnetic field
within a closed loop induces an electromotive force in the wire.
31. Force: An interaction that changes the motion of an object.
32. Frequency: The number of waves that pass a point in one
second.
33. Friction: The resistance that one surface or object encounters
when moving over another.
34. Fusion: The process of combining two atomic nuclei to form a
heavier nucleus, releasing energy.
35. Gamma Rays: High-energy electromagnetic waves emitted by
radioactive atoms.
36. Gravitational Force: The force of attraction between two
masses.
37. Heat: The transfer of thermal energy from one object to another.
38. Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle: The principle stating that it
is impossible to simultaneously know the exact position and
momentum of a particle.
39. Hertz: The unit of frequency, equal to one cycle per second.
40. Hooke’s Law: The law stating that the force needed to extend or
compress a spring is directly proportional to the distance it is stretched
or compressed.
41. Impulse: The change in momentum of an object when a force is
applied over a period of time.
42. Induction: The process by which a changing magnetic field
produces an electric current.
43. Inertia: The resistance of an object to any change in its state of
motion.
44. Insulator: A material that does not conduct electricity or heat
well.
45. Interference: The phenomenon that occurs when two waves
meet while traveling along the same medium.
46. Ion: An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the
loss or gain of one or more electrons.
47. Isotope: Atoms of the same element with different numbers of
neutrons.
48. Joule: The unit of energy in the International System of Units (SI).
49. Kinetic Energy: The energy an object possesses due to its
motion.
50. Kirchhoff’s Laws: Two rules dealing with the current and voltage
in electrical circuits.
51. Laser: A device that emits light through a process of optical
amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic
radiation.
52. Lenz’s Law: The law stating that the direction of an induced
current is such that it opposes the change in the magnetic field that
produced it.
53. Light: Electromagnetic radiation that is visible to the human eye.
54. Magnetic Field: A field produced by moving electric charges and
magnetic dipoles, exerting a force on other moving charges and
magnetic dipoles.
55. Mass: A measure of the amount of matter in an object.
56. Momentum: The product of an object’s mass and its velocity.
57. Neutron: A subatomic particle with no electric charge, found in
the nucleus of an atom.
58. Newton’s Laws of Motion: Three laws describing the
relationship between the motion of an object and the forces acting on
it.
59. Nuclear Fission: The process of splitting a heavy atomic nucleus
into two lighter nuclei, releasing energy.
60. Nuclear Fusion: The process of combining two light atomic
nuclei to form a heavier nucleus, releasing energy.
61. Ohm’s Law: The law stating that the current through a conductor
between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the
two points.
62. Optics: The study of light and its interactions with matter.
63. Parallel Circuit: An electrical circuit in which the current divides
into two or more paths before recombining to complete the circuit.
64. Pascal’s Principle: The principle stating that a change in
pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted undiminished to all
portions of the fluid and to the walls of its container.
65. Period: The time taken for one complete cycle of a wave to pass
a given point.
66. Photon: A particle representing a quantum of light or other
electromagnetic radiation.
67. Potential Energy: The energy possessed by an object due to its
position or condition.
68. Power: The rate at which work is done or energy is transferred.
69. Pressure: The force exerted per unit area.
70. Projectile Motion: The motion of an object thrown or projected
into the air, subject to only the acceleration of gravity.
71. Proton: A subatomic particle with a positive electric charge,
found in the nucleus of an atom.
72. Quantum Mechanics: The branch of physics dealing with the
behavior of very small particles at the atomic and subatomic levels.
73. Radiation: The emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or
as moving subatomic particles.
74. Radio Waves: Electromagnetic waves with wavelengths longer
than infrared light, used for communication.
75. Reflection: The bouncing back of light from a surface.
76. Refraction: The bending of light as it passes from one medium to
another.
77. Resistance: The opposition to the flow of electric current in a
material.
78. Resonance: The phenomenon that occurs when the frequency of
a periodically applied force is equal to the natural frequency of the
system.
79. Scalar: A quantity that has only magnitude, not direction.
80. Series Circuit: An electrical circuit in which the current follows
one path.
81. Simple Harmonic Motion: The type of oscillatory motion in
which the restoring force is directly proportional to the displacement.
82. Sound: A form of energy that is transmitted through vibrations in
a medium such as air.
83. Specific Heat Capacity: The amount of heat required to raise
the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius.
84. Speed: The distance traveled per unit of time.
85. Superposition: The principle that states when two or more
waves overlap, the resulting wave is the sum of the individual waves.
86. Temperature: A measure of the average kinetic energy of the
particles in a substance.
87. Terminal Velocity: The constant speed that a freely falling object
eventually reaches when the resistance of the medium prevents further
acceleration.
88. Thermal Conductivity: The property of a material to conduct
heat.
89. Thermodynamics: The branch of physics that deals with the
relationships between heat and other forms of energy.