POST CLASS NOTES
Coordinate
Geometry
Topics
1. Fundamentals
2. Distance Formula
3. Section Formula
3.1 Mid-Point Formula
4. Area of Triangle
Fundamentals
Distance of a point from the
y-axis is x coordinate or
abscissa
x1
(0 , y1)
P (x1 , y1)
y1
0 (0 , 0) (x1 , 0) X
Distance of a point from
Origin the x-axis is y coordinate
or ordinate
Distance Formula
Y
Q (x2 , y2)
(y2 – y1)
(x1 , y1) P R
(x2 – x1)
0 A N X
Steps to Derive
Using Pythagoras theorem:
PQ = PR 2 + (𝑄𝑄R)2
Now, PR = (𝑥𝑥2 – 𝑥𝑥1) and QR =(𝑦𝑦2 – 𝑦𝑦1)
Distance, PQ = 𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 − 𝒙𝒙𝟏𝟏 𝟐𝟐 + 𝒚𝒚𝟐𝟐 − 𝒚𝒚𝟏𝟏 𝟐𝟐
Section Formula
Y Q (x2 , y2)
m2
(x, y) M
S
m1
(x1 , y1) P R
0 A C B X
Steps to Derive
△PRM ∼ △ MSQ (Similar triangles)
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅
= =
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆
𝑚𝑚1 𝑥𝑥−𝑥𝑥1 𝑦𝑦−𝑦𝑦1
= =
𝑚𝑚2 𝑥𝑥2−𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦2−𝑦𝑦
On solving for x and y separately:
(
M(𝐱𝐱, 𝐲𝐲) =
𝐦𝐦𝟏𝟏𝐱𝐱𝟐𝟐 + 𝐦𝐦𝟐𝟐𝐱𝐱𝟏𝟏 𝐦𝐦𝟏𝟏𝐲𝐲𝟐𝟐 + 𝐦𝐦𝟐𝟐𝐲𝐲𝟏𝟏
,
(
𝐦𝐦𝟏𝟏 + 𝐦𝐦𝟐𝟐 𝐦𝐦𝟏𝟏 + 𝐦𝐦𝟐𝟐
Mid-Point Formula
Y Q (x2 , y2)
m2
(x, y) M
m1
(x1 , y1) P
0 A C B X
Steps to Derive
Section Formula
(
M(x, y) =
m1x2 + m2x1 m1y2 + m2y1
,
(
m1 + m2 m1 + m2
M is the mid point , so m1 : m2 = 1 : 1
∴ m1 = 1 and m2 = 1
(𝐱𝐱𝟏𝟏 + 𝐱𝐱𝟐𝟐 𝐲𝐲𝟏𝟏+ 𝐲𝐲𝟐𝟐
M(𝐱𝐱, 𝐲𝐲) = ,
(
𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐
Area of Triangle
Y Q (x2 , y2) Y Q (x2 , y2)
(x1 , y1) (x1 , y1)
P P
R (x3 , y3) R (x3 , y3)
0 A B C X 0 A B C X
Y Q (x2 , y2)
(x1 , y1)
P
R (x3 , y3)
0 A B C X
Steps to Derive
Area of ∆PQR = area of trapezium APQB + area of trapezium BQRC
– area of trapezium APRC
𝟏𝟏
Area of ∆PQR = 𝟐𝟐
𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨 + 𝑩𝑩𝑩𝑩 𝐱𝐱 𝐀𝐀𝐀𝐀
𝟏𝟏
+ 𝟐𝟐
𝑩𝑩𝑩𝑩 + 𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪 𝐱𝐱 𝑩𝑩𝑩𝑩
𝟏𝟏
- 𝟐𝟐
𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨 + 𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪 𝐱𝐱 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨
After writing distances using coordinates and solving
𝟏𝟏
Area of ∆PQR = [𝐱𝐱
𝟐𝟐 𝟏𝟏
𝐲𝐲𝟐𝟐 − 𝐲𝐲𝟑𝟑 + 𝐱𝐱𝟐𝟐 𝐲𝐲𝟑𝟑 − 𝐲𝐲𝟏𝟏 + 𝐱𝐱𝟑𝟑 𝐲𝐲𝟏𝟏 − 𝐲𝐲𝟐𝟐 ]
Mind Map
Distance Formula
Coordinate
Geometry
Section Formula Area of Triangle
Mid-Point Formula
Important Questions
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