Final Viva Important Question

Presentation + Favorite Subject (CS403)

These questions were asked in previous sessions
Instruction: Don’t limit your preparation to just these questions, prepare
according to your project and favorite subject.

1. What is DBMS and RDBMS? Difference between them.

A Database Management System (DBMS) is software that enables the

creation, management and manipulation of databases by providing an
interface for the users to store, retrieve and update data efficiently.

2. Introduction yourself

Assalamalikum, I am Areej Ikram. I have completed my metric in computer

science from Government Girls High School Murree. I did ICS from
Government Collage Murree.

3. Introduction of the Project

‫ مجوزہ آن لائن ڈیزاسٹر انفارمیشن مینجمنٹ سسٹم کو بحالی کی‬.4

،‫ این جی اوز‬،‫ جیسے کہ قانون نافذ کرنے والی ایجنسیوں‬،‫تنظیموں‬
‫اور حکومتی اداروں اور آفات کے دوران عام لوگوں کے درمیان‬
‫مواصلات اور ہم آہنگی کو بہتر بنانے کے لیے ڈیزائن کیا گیا‬
‫ہے۔ یہ نظام ایک مرکزی پلیٹ فارم کے طور پر کام کرے گا‬
‫ وسائل اور اپ ڈیٹس کا‬،‫جہاں یہ گروپ ریئل ٹائم معلومات‬
‫اشتراک کر سکتے ہیں۔‬
.5

Shakeel Ahmad – 0343 5161347

 ‫ قانون نافذ کرنے والے ادارے حفاظتی ہدایات‬،‫ مثال کے طور پر‬.6
‫اور امدادی کارروائیوں کے بارے میں اپ ڈیٹ فراہم کرنے کے‬
‫لیے سسٹم کا استعمال کر سکتے ہیں۔ این جی اوز دستیاب‬
‫امدادی خدمات کے بارے میں تفصیلات کا اشتراک کر سکتی‬
‫ جبکہ عوام واقعات کی اطلاع دے سکتے ہیں اور محفوظ‬،‫ہیں‬
‫رہنے کے طریقہ سے متعلق اہم معلومات تک رسائی حاصل کر‬
‫ نظام کا مقصد‬،‫سکتے ہیں۔ ان مختلف گروہوں کو جوڑ کر‬
‫ اور بال آخر متاثرہ‬،‫ ردعمل کو تیز کرنا‬،‫الجھن کو کم کرنا‬
‫کمیونٹیز پر آفات کے اثرات کو کم کرنا ہے۔‬

7. What is Waterfall Model and Spiral Model?

VU process model is the combination of waterfall model and spiral modal.

By combining these two models we can get the core benefits of both
models. Waterfall model sa hame stages mil jati han application ko track
karna bohat easy ha . lakin issue ya ha k ak stage sa dosrii stage pa a jaen
to wapas pecha nahi ja sakta jis sa maintenance cost kafi zyada par sakti
ha or nuksan ho sakta ha. Spiral model har stage pa risk analysis krta hai.
Jab b wo new stage pa jae ga os sa pahla risk analysis kara ga ta k koi bug
na raha . vu process model ma stages waterfall model sa mil jati han or
risk analysis spiral modal sa. Sirf spiral model ko use na karna ki wajah ya
hai k ya time consuming ha bht or wo bohat bara projects k lia jasa ka
military ka projects ka lia istamal hota hai.

8. What is Use Case Diagram describe in details?

Usecase diagram hame hamara project ka ak general overview dati hai ka

basically hamara project hai kya isma component kon kon sa han or kon log
isko use krta han. Usecases btata han k hamra system kya perform krta ha.

Shakeel Ahmad – 0343 5161347

 9. What is extend and include in Use Case Diagram?

Include kisi ak usecase ka subpart hota ha

10.What is Actor, Admin and Client in their functionality?

11.What is architectural Design?

12.Types of Tiers and its functionality?

Tiers refer to distinct layers or levels in a software system, each with

specific responsibilities. Common types of tiers include:

1. Presentation Tier: The user interface layer that interacts with users and
presents data.

2. Application Tier: The business logic layer that processes user inputs,
performs computations, and manages application rules.

3. Data Tier: The database layer that stores, retrieves, and manages data.

These tiers help separate concerns and enhance modularity, scalability,

and maintainability in software systems.

15.What is ER Diagram?

An Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD) is a visual representation of the

relationships between entities in a database, showing how data is structured
and connected.

16.What is Entity?

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 An entity is an object or concept in a database that represents a real-
world object, person, or event, typically corresponding to a table where
data is stored.

17.Attributes?

Attributes are characteristics or properties that define an entity,

representing columns in a database table.

18.Function of Diamond Symbol?

In an Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD), a diamond shape represents a

relationship between two or more entities, illustrating how they are
connected.

19.Function of Oval Symbol

Oval symbol represents an attribute, which defines a property or
characteristic of an entity.
20. Function of Rectangular Symbol
A rectangular symbol represents an entity, which is a fundamental object
or concept within the database system, such as a table storing data.
21.What is trigger?
A trigger is a predefined set of actions automatically executed in response
to specific events on a database table, such as inserts, updates, or deletes.
22.What is aggregation?
Aggregation is the process of combining multiple data values or records
into a single summary value, such as a sum, average, or count, to provide
a higher-level view of the data.
23.What is association?

Shakeel Ahmad – 0343 5161347

 Association is a relationship between entities where they are linked to
each other, typically defining how instances of one entity relate to
instances of another.
24.What is Inheritance?
Inheritance is a mechanism in object-oriented programming where a class
can inherit properties and methods from another class, allowing for code
reuse and hierarchical relationships.
25.What is cardinality?
Cardinality defines the number of instances of one entity that can or must
be associated with instances of another entity in a relationship.
32.What is entities and attributes?
Entities are distinct objects or concepts in a database that represent real-
world objects or concepts, while attributes are the properties or
characteristics that describe these entities.
33. Define table?
A collection of related data organized in rows and columns.
34. Define tuple?
A tuple is a single, ordered set of elements or values in a database table,
representing a single record or row.
35. What is Data redundancy?
Data redundancy is the unnecessary repetition of data within a database,
which can lead to inconsistencies and increased storage requirements.
36. What is data inconsistency?
Data inconsistency occurs when different copies of the same data in a
database or system do not match, leading to discrepancies and errors.
37. Difference between primary key and foreign key?

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 A primary key uniquely identifies each record within its own table, while
a foreign key establishes a relationship between records in different
tables by referencing the primary key of another table.

38. What is candidate key?

A candidate key is a minimal set of columns in a table that can uniquely
identify each record without redundancy.
39. What is super key?
A super key is a set of one or more columns in a table that uniquely
identifies each record within that table.
40. What is composite key?
A composite key is a primary key composed of two or more columns used
together to uniquely identify a record in a table.
41. What is surrogate key?
A surrogate key is an artificial or synthetic key used to uniquely identify a
record in a table, often replacing natural keys.
42. What is difference between delete and truncate and Drop?
DELETE removes rows from a table based on a condition and logs each
deletion. TRUNCATE removes all rows from a table without logging
individual row deletions and resets any auto-increment counters. DROP is
a SQL command used to permanently remove a database object, such as
a table or view, along with all its data and structure.
43. What is data dependency.
Data dependency refers to a situation where the value or state of one
piece of data relies on or affects the value or state of another.
44. what is normalization means.

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 The process of organizing the data to reduce redundancy and improve
data integrity.
45. Synchronous or asynchronous message
Synchronous messages require the sender and receiver to be active at the
same time for communication, while asynchronous messages allow
communication without requiring both parties to be active
simultaneously.
46. What is view
A view is a virtual table in a database created by querying one or more
tables, presenting data as defined by the query.
56.What is field
A column in a table, representing a specific attribute of the data.

Shakeel Ahmad – 0343 5161347