Guided media refers to a type of transmission medium where data signals
are physically guided along a specific path. These media use physical
conductors to carry data signals and are primarily used in wired
communication.
Here are the key characteristics, types, and features of guided media:
Characteristics of Guided Media
1. Physical Conduits: Signals are transmitted through cables or wires.
2. High Reliability: Provides a controlled pathway, reducing signal
interference.
3. Limited Range: Signals can travel only within the physical medium.
4. Less Susceptible to Interference: Compared to unguided media, guided
media offer better protection from external interference.
Types of Guided Media
1. Twisted Pair Cable
Description: Consists of pairs of insulated copper wires twisted together.
Subtypes:
Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP): Commonly used in Ethernet networks.
Shielded Twisted Pair (STP): Provides better shielding against interference.
Advantages:
Cost-effective and easy to install.
Suitable for short to medium-distance communication.
Disadvantages:
Susceptible to signal degradation over long distances.
2. Coaxial Cable
Description: Consists of a central conductor, insulating layer, metallic shield,
and outer insulating cover.
Applications: Used in cable TV, internet connections, and high-frequency
applications.
Advantages:
Better shielding and higher bandwidth than twisted pair cables.
Supports longer distances with less signal loss.
Disadvantages:
More expensive and less flexible than twisted pair cables.
3. Fiber Optic Cable
Description: Uses glass or plastic fibers to transmit data as light signals.
Applications: High-speed internet, telecommunications, and long-distance
communication.
Advantages:
Extremely high bandwidth and data rates.
Immune to electromagnetic interference.
Suitable for long-distance communication.
Disadvantages:
Expensive and requires specialized installation and maintenance.
Advantages of Guided Media
1. Reliable Transmission: Reduced interference ensures signal clarity.
2. High Security: Difficult for external devices to intercept signals.
3. Cost-Effective: Twisted pair and coaxial cables are relatively
inexpensive.
4. Wide Range of Applications: Supports data, voice, and video
transmission.
Disadvantages of Guided Media
1. Limited Mobility: Devices must remain physically connected to the
medium.
2. Installation Complexity: Fiber optics require expertise to install.
3. Maintenance Costs: Damaged cables can be costly to repair.
Guided media is a crucial component of wired communication systems,
offering secure, efficient, and reliable data transmission for a wide range of
applications.
