LEE SHAFFER THEORY
(SLIP LINE THEORY)
in metal cutting
Lee Shaffer theory
• Slip line field theory is a technique often used to analyze the
stresses and forces involved in the major deformation of
metals.
• A line, which generally (curved, tangential) along its length
to the maximum shear stress is called a slip-line.
• A complete set of slip-lines in a plastic region forms a slip-
line field.
α
β
Lee Shaffer theory
• Lee and Shaffer's work was the first contribution of the slip-
line field models of chip formation Slip-line field solution for
shear angle Ø was derived based on two assumptions:
1. The material cut behaves as an ideal plastic solid which
does not strain-hardened.
2. The shear plane represents the direction of the maximum
stress.
α
β
Lee Shaffer theory
• Slip lines consist of a set of two types of lines that intersect
orthogonally.
• The shear plane AB is the one set of slip-lines because the
maximum shear stress must occur along the shear plane.
β
Lee Shaffer theory
• The directions of maximum shear therefore lie at 45° to σ1
and σ2. These are slip lines along which plastic flow occurs.
• The plane BC is stress free and slip lines meet AC at 45
degree. AB is the shear plane and set of parallel AB and
another set perpendicular to AB is inclined at an angle (45 ° -
β) with the tool face.
β
ւBAC= 45 ° + β
α
β
C
90 ° - β
90 °-β
ւBAC= 45 ° + β
B
45 °
α β
To get Shear angle Φ
Total angle 180 = Φ +45°+β+90 °-α ϕ
A
Φ = α – β + 45°
α
Lee Shaffer theory
Φ = α – β + 45°
β
THANK YOU
