Differentiation

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 DIFFERENTIATION

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 Differentiation
DIFFERENTIATION

● Differentiation Introduction
● Real-Life Applications of Differentiation
● Concept of Derivative
● Different Notations of Derivatives
● Derivative of Some Standard Functions
● Theorems on Derivatives
● Chain Rule of Differentiation
● Product & Quotient Rule of Differentiation
● Differentiation of Implicit Function
● Derivatives of Inverse Trigonometric functions
● Logarithmic Differentiation
● Parametric differentiation
● Higher order derivative
4
 Differentiation
JEE(MAIN) PYQs Using DIFFERENTIATION BASICS

5
 Differentiation
Real-Life Applications of Differentiation

6
 Differentiation
Real-Life Applications of Differentiation

With the help of differentiation, we are able to find the rate of change of
one quantity with respect to another.

Examples: Rate of change of distance with respect to time→ Speed

7
 Differentiation
What is Differentiation?

It is defined as the rate of change of function with respect to an

independent variable.

dy Dependent variable

dx
Independent variable

8
 Differentiation
Rate of Change

Average Change Instantaneous Change

Total Distance Instantaneous x(t2) - x Δx

Speed = =
Total Time Velocity = (t1)
Δt
t2 - t1

dx
dt

9
 Differentiation
Concept of Derivative

Slope of tangent at point A

on the curve

10
 Differentiation
Notation of Derivative
Slope of tangent of the curve at x = x0
dy
is denoted as dx OR f ′(x0)
x=x 0

y = f(x)
A

x0 11
 Differentiation
Different Notations of Derivatives

dy df(x)
OR f ′(x) OR y’ OR
dx dx

12
 Differentiation

Derivative of Some Standard Functions

Derivative of algebraic functions

d n dk
1. x = n xn–1 Note: = 0
dx dx
x∈ R , n∈ R k = constant
d
Eg 1 : (x3)=
dx

Eg 2 : d 1 =
dx x
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 Differentiation

Derivative of Some Standard Functions

Derivative of algebraic functions

d n
1. x = n xn–1
dx
x∈ R , n∈ R
d
Eg 1 : (x3)= 3x2
dx

Eg 2 : d 1 = d (x–1) =–x– = –1
dx x dx 2
2 x
14
 Differentiation

Derivative of Some Standard Functions

Derivative of Exponential and

logarithmic function
d (ex)
2. =
dx
d
3. (ax) =
dx
d (ln |x|)
4. =
dx
d (log |x|)
5. a =
dx 15
Differentiation
Derivative of Exponential and
logarithmic function

d (ex)
2. = e
dx x

d
3. (ax) = ax ln a
dx
d (ln |x|) 1
4. = x
dx
d (log |x|) 1 log e
5. a = x a
dx
16
 Differentiation
Derivative of Trigonometric functions
d
6. (sin x) =
dx
d
7. (cos x) =
dx
d
8. (tan x) =
dx
d
9. (cot x) =
dx
d
10. (sec x) =
dx
d
11. dx (cosec x) = 17
Differentiation
d
6. (sin x) = cos x
dx
d
7. (cos x) = –sin x
dx
d
= sec x
2
8. (tan x)
dx
d
9. (cot x) = –cosec2x
dx
d
10. (sec x) = sec x ⋅ tan x
dx
d
11. dx (cosec x) = –cosec x ⋅ cot x
18
 Differentiation
Theorems on Derivatives

d d d
1. { f (x) ± g(x) }= f(x) ± g(x)
dx dx dx

d d
2. (k f(x)) = k f(x)
dx dx

19
 Differentiation

Q. Differentiate the following functions w.r.t. x: 2x8 – 3ex

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Differentiation
Solution:
Differentiate w.r.t. x

dy d d
= 2x8 – 3ex
dx dx dx

=2(8x7) – 3ex
=16x7 – 3ex

21
Differentiation

Q. Differentiate the following functions

w.r.t. x 5 sin x + 9 cos x + k, where k is a
constant

22
Differentiation
Solution:
Differentiate w.r.t. x

dy d d d
= 5 sin x + 9 cos x + k
dx dx dx dx

=5cos x + 9 (– sin x) + 0

dy
= 5 cos x – 9 (sin x)
dx

23
Differentiation

Q. ex log a + ea log x + ea log

a

24
Differentiation
Solution:
y = e x log a + e a log x + e a log a
y = a x+ x a +a a
[Since,e B log A = AB]
Differentiating w.r.t. x,
dy d d d
x
a + a
x + (a a)
=
dx dx dx dx
= a x log a + ax a – 1 + 0

dy
= a x log a + ax a – 1
dx

25
Differentiation

Q. If ex + ey = ex+y , then is :

A e y-x

B e x+y

C -e y-x

D 2e x-y

26
Differentiation

27
Differentiation

Q. If ex + ey = ex+y , then is :

A e y-x

B e x+y

C -e y-x

D 2e x-y

28
Differentiation

Q.
then f’(1) is equal to

B 100

C Does not exist

D 0
29
Differentiation
Solution:

30
Differentiation

Q.
then f’(1) is equal to

B 100

C Does not exist

D 0
31
 Differentiation
Chain Rule of Differentiation
If y is a differentiable function of t and t is a
differentiable function of x i.e.

y = f(t) and t = g(x), then

Similarly, if y = f(u) , where u = g(v) and v = h(x),

then

32
Differentiation

dy
Q. If y = sin (ln x) , find
dx

33
Differentiation
Solution: y = sin (ln x)

Let t = ln x ⇒ y = sin t
⇓ ⇓
dt 1 dy
= x = cos t
dx dt
Using dy dy dt
=
chain rule dx dt ⋅ dx
1
= cos t
x
dy 1
= cos (ln x)
dx x
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Differentiation

Q. If y = log (cos ex), then is :

A cos ex-1

B e-x cos ex

C ex sin ex

D -ex tan ex

35
Differentiation

36
Differentiation

Q. If y = log (cos ex), then is :

A cos ex-1

B e-x cos ex

C ex sin ex

D -ex tan ex

37
 Differentiation
Product Rule of Differentiation

d
f(x) g(x) = f ′ (x)g(x) + f(x) g′(x)
dx

38
Differentiation

Q. Find derivative of f(x) = x tanx

39
Differentiation
Solution:
d
f ′(x) = (x tan x)
dx
d(x) d (tan x)
= × tan x + x ×
dx dx

= tan x + x sec2 x

40
Differentiation

Q. Find derivative of f(x) = elogx logx

41
Differentiation
Solution:
d logx
f ′(x) = (e logx)
dx
d
f ′(x) = (x logx)
dx
d(x) d (log x)
= × logx + x ×
dx dx

= 1.logx + x (1/x)
= logx + 1

42
 Differentiation
Quotient Rule of Differentiation

d f(x) g(x) f ′(x) – f(x) g′(x)

=
dx g(x) g(x) 2

43
Differentiation

Q. Find the derivative of

44
Differentiation
Solution:

45
Differentiation

Q. Find the derivative of y =

46
 Differentiation
Solution:

47
 Differentiation

Differentiation of Implicit function

If an equation f(x,y) = 0 where y can not

be expressed in terms of x then f(x,y) is
called an implicit function.
Example: xy – sin (x + y)= 0

48
Differentiation
Example

1. y = x2 + x + 1

2. xy = x3 + x2 +
1

3. xy – sin (x + y)= 0

49
Differentiation

Q. Find , if y + sin y = cos x

50
Differentiation
Solution:

51
Differentiation

Q. Find in the following

x3 + x2y + xy2 + y3 = 81

52
Differentiation
Solution:

53
 Differentiation
Derivatives of Inverse Trigonometric functions

54
 Differentiation
Derivatives of Inverse Trigonometric functions

Standard Formula

d 1 d –1
dx (sin x) = √(1 – x2)
–1 (cos–1 x)=
dx √(1 – x2)

55
 Differentiation
Derivatives of Inverse Trigonometric functions

Standard Formula

d 1 d –1
(tan–1 x) = (cot–1 x) =
dx 1 + x2 dx 1 + x2

56
 Differentiation
Derivatives of Inverse Trigonometric functions

Standard Formula

d 1 d –1
(sec x) =
–1 (cosec–1 x)=
dx ⎟ x⎟√(x2– 1) dx ⎟ x⎟√ (x2– 1)

57
 Differentiation

Logarithmic Functions

Logarithmic functions are derived from

Exponential functions

aˣ = b ⇒ logₐ b = x
Here,

● a > 0, but a ≠ 1
● When a = 1, the graph is not defined

58
 Differentiation

Logarithmic Differentiation

Take log on both sides

and then differentiate

59
Differentiation

Q. y = xx find

60
Differentiation
Solution:

y = xx
ln y = x ln x
Differentiate w.r.t x
1 dy 1
⋅ = x x + ln x
y dx
dy
= y (1 + ln x)
dx
dy
= xx (1 + ln x)
dx

61
 Differentiation

Q . Find for the following function

62
Differentiation
Solution:

63
 Differentiation
Parametric differentiation

64
 Differentiation
Parametric differentiation

x = ɸ(t) y = Ψ(t)

are two functions and t is a variable.

In such a case x and y are called parametric functions or

parametric equations and ‘t’ is called the parameter.

65
 Differentiation
Parametric differentiation

OR

66
Differentiation

Q. If x = t2+1, y = 2at, then at t = a is

A -1

B -a

C a

D 1

67
 Differentiation

at t = a
1

68
Differentiation

Q. If x = t2+1, y = 2at, then at t = a is

A -1

B -a

C a

D 1

69
 Differentiation
Higher order derivative

70
 Differentiation
Higher order derivative

71
 Differentiation
Higher order derivative
So if y is differentiated ‘n’ times

Note :

72
Differentiation

Q. If y = 5 cos x - 3 sinx, , then is :

A -y

B y

C 25y

D 9y

73
Differentiation

74
Differentiation

Q. If y = 5 cos x - 3 sinx, , then is :

A -y

B y

C 25y

D 9y

75
Differentiation

Q. Find the second order derivatives of

the function y = x3 + tanx

76
Differentiation
Solution:

77