Cell Reproduction:
● Cell Reproduction is the process by which ________ cells are formed
● Cells can be produced either _____________ (from one parent cell) or _____________
(from two parent cells).
Chromatin:
● combination of __________ and ______________
● in ______________
● “_______________”
● Condensed chromatin is known as _________________
The Cell Cycle:
● Cell Cycle is the entire life of a cell.
● Cell Cycle is divided into 3 phases:
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Interphase is divided into:
1. Gap 1 – cell _____________ & synthesize ______________
2. Synthesis – cell ____________ DNA
3. Gap 2 – cell prepares to ____________ (organelles are duplicated)
● DNA is in the form of _______________
Mitosis:
1. Prophase
● chromatin condenses & becomes __________ (now called _________________)
● _______________ membrane begins to ________________.
● ________________ move to opposite ends of cell
● ________________________ form from centrioles
● is the ______________ phase of mitosis
2. Metaphase
● spindle fibres attach to the ________________
● chromosomes line up in the ______________ of the cell (metaphase plate)
3. Anaphase
● centromere ________________
● spindle fibers pull sister ________________ to ____________ poles of the cell
4. Telophase
● Nuclear _____________ forms around each set of _______________
● Sister chromatids _____________ and become ______________ once again
● __________________ begin to break down.
Cytokinesis (in animals):
● _____________ & _______________ divide into equal parts
● A _____________________ forms and pinches the cell into 2 identical daughter cells.
Cytokinesis (in plants):
● _____________ & _______________ divide into equal parts
● Plant cells undergo cytokinesis by forming a _________________ between the two
daughter nuclei
Why do cells undergo Mitosis?
1. __________________ development (1 fertilized egg → 100 trillion cells)
2. Tissue _________________
3. Replacement of __________ and dead cells (red blood cells rate replaced every 4 months)
4. ____________of injured tissues
Practice Questions:
1. Name the 3 main parts of the cell cycle.
2. How many phases are there in mitosis?
3. Name the phases of mitosis in order from the beginning to the end of cell division.
4. The period of cell growth during the cell cycle is called ____?
5. What are somatic cells?
6. How many daughter cells are produced at the end of mitosis?
7. After which stage does cytokinesis occur?
8. What is cytokinesis?
9. What happens to the cytoplasm of an animal cell just before cytokinesis?
10. Name the barrier in plant cells that forms between the two new daughter cells just before
cytokinesis?
11. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA of animal cells replicated?
12. What are the thin, tangled strands of DNA called that are present during interphase?
13. During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell?
14. During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes first become visible?
15. During which phase of mitosis do the centrioles begin to move to opposite poles?
16. During which phase of mitosis do the nucleolus and nuclear membrane disappear?
17. During which phase of mitosis do the spindle fibers begin to form?
18. What structure attaches the chromosomes to the spindle fibers during metaphase?
19. What is one-half of a chromosome called?
20. During which phase of mitosis are the sister chromatids pulled apart?
21. What are sister chromatids?
22. What cell part do animal cells use during the cell cycle that plant cells do not have?
23. Why do cells go through the cell cycle?
24. Why must cells be small in size?
25. Identify the phase of the cell cycle using the images below. Explain the major things that are
occurring in each phase:
