Unit -6
Physical Education
Test and Measurement in Sports
Topics
1 Fitness Test – SAI Khelo India Fitness Test in school
Age group 5-8 years (Class 1-3) :-
1. BMI, 3. Plate Tapping Test
2. Flamingo Balance Test
Age group 9-18 years (Class 4-12) :-
1. BMI 4. Sit & Reach flexibility test
2. 50mt Speed test, 5. Strength Test (Abdominal Partial Curl Up, Push
3. 600mt Run/Walk Ups for boys, Modified Push-Ups for girls)
2. Measurement of Cardio-Vascular Fitness – Harvard Step Test – Duration.
of the Exercise in Seconds x100/5.5 X Pulse count of 1-1.5 Min after Exercise.
3. Computing Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR).
4. Rikli & Jones - Senior Citizen Fitness Test
1.Chair Stand Test for lower body strength 4.Back Scratch Test for upper body flexibility
2.Arm Curl Test for 3upper body strength 5.Eight Foot Up & Go Test for agility
3.Chair Sit & Reach Test for lower body flexibility 6.Six-Minute Walk Test for Aerobic Endurance
5. Johnsen – Methney Test of Motor Educability (Front Roll, Roll, Jumping
Half-Turn, Jumping full-turn.
1. Fitness Test – SAI Khelo India Fitness Test in school
Age group 5-8 years (Class 1-3) :-
SAI Khelo India Fitness Test is a fitness assessment program designed by the Sports Authority of India (SAI) and
the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports for school students across India. It aims to encourage physical fitness
among school children and identify talented athletes who can be trained further.
The fitness test covers five parameters - anthropometry (body measurements), sprint testing, endurance testing,
lower body strength testing, and upper body strength testing. Students are assessed based on their performance
in these tests and given a fitness score.
The test is conducted annually and students who score well can receive recognition and awards at various levels.
The Khelo India Fitness Assessment App is used for conducting the test and generating reports.
Age group 5-8 yrs/ class 1-3
Abilities of children in class 1-3 which need to be measured and tracked are:-
1. Body Composition (BMI)
2. Coordination (Plate Tapping)
3. Balance (Flamingo Balance)
SAI Khelo India Fitness Test for age group 5-8 years or class 1-3 includes three components to assess the physical
fitness of children.
BMI:-
BMI stands for Body Mass Index. It is a measure of body fat based on height and weight. The BMI calculation
involves dividing an individual's weight in kilograms by their height in meters squared.
(BMI = weight in (kg) / (height (m))^2)
The result is used to determine if a person is underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese. In this fitness
test, the BMI of children will be calculated to determine their body fat percentage.
Plate Tapping Test :-
What does it measure :- Tests speed and coordination of limb movement.
Infrastructure/Equipment Required :-
Table (adjustable height), 2 yellow discs (20cm diameter), rectangle (30 x 20 cm), stopwatch.
Plate Tapping Test is a test of speed and coordination. In this test, the child is required to tap a plastic plate
alternately with both hands as many times as possible in 30 seconds. The number of taps achieved in 30 seconds is
recorded to determine the child's speed and coordination. This test assesses the child's fine motor skills,
coordination, and reaction time.
How to Perform :
1. If possible, the table height should be adjusted so that the subject is standing comfortably in front of the discs.
2. The two yellow discs are placed with their centres 60 cm apart on the table.
3. The rectangle is placed equidistant between both discs. The nonpreferred hand is placed on the rectangle.
4. The subject moves the preferred hand back and forth between the discs over the hand in the middle as quickly
as possible.
5. This action is repeated for 30sec.
Flamingo Balance Test:-
What does it measure :-
Ability to balance successfully on a single leg. This single leg balance test assesses the strength of the leg, pelvic,
and trunk muscle as well as Static balance. The Flamingo Balance Test is a simple test of balance that measures a
child's ability to stand on one leg for a period of time. This test helps to assess the child's motor coordination and
body balance. The child is asked to stand on one leg with the other leg bent at the knee and raised off the ground.
The time the child is able to maintain this position without losing balance is recorded.
The Flamingo Balance Test is particularly useful for children as it helps to identify any balance or coordination
problems early on. Children who have poor balance and coordination may be at a higher risk of injury during
sports and physical activities.
Infrastructure/Equipment Required:-
Non Slippery even surface, Stopwatch, can be done on just standing on beam.
How to Perform :
1. Stand on the beam. Keep balance by holding the instructor's hand (if required to start).
2. While balancing on the preferred leg, the free leg is flexed at the knee and the foot of this leg held close to the
buttocks.
Scoring :-
The total number of falls or loss of balance in 60 seconds of balancing is recorded. If there are more than 15
falls in the first 30 seconds, the test is terminated.
Age group 9-18 years (Class 4-12) :-
For Class 4 to 12, it is important for students to have an overall physical fitness.
1. BMI (Body Mass Index):- BMI is a simple and widely used method to assess if a person has a healthy body
weight in proportion to their height. It is calculated by dividing a person's weight in kilograms by the square of
their height in meters. BMI is a good indicator of body fatness, which can be helpful in assessing health risks
related to excess body weight.
2. 50-Meter Sprint Test:- The 50-meter sprint test measures how quickly a student can run over a short distance.
This test assesses the student's anaerobic power and speed.Sprint over 50 meters, with the time recorded, start
from a stationary standing position. Scoring :-Time take to cover 50 m distance is expressed in seconds.
3. 600-Meter Run/Walk Test:- The 600-meter run/walk test measures cardiovascular endurance. Students are
required to run/walk the distance as quickly as possible, and their time is recorded. The subject takes a
standingstart from the stating line. The subject may walk in between. Objective is to cover the distance in the
shortesttime when he crosses the finish line he is informed of his time.
4. Sit and Reach Flexibility Test:- The sit and reach test measures the flexibility of the student's lower back and
hamstring muscles. The student sits on the floor with their legs straight, and then reaches forward as far as possible
while keeping their legs straight. The tester may assist by holding them down with the palms facing downwards, and
the hands on top of each other or side by side.
5. Strength Test:- The strength test measures the muscular strength of the student's abdominal and upper body
muscles.
Abdominal Partial Curl up:- The abdominal partial curl-up test measures the student's ability to perform a curl-up.
Abdominal partial curl-up is a test of abdominal muscle strength. The participant lies on their back with knees bent
and feet on the floor. They cross their arms over their chest and curl up to touch their knees with their elbows. They
repeat this movement as many times as possible within a specified time.
Push Ups for boys:-
The push-up test measures the upper body strength of boys, while modified push-ups are used for girls. The starting
position is lying on the back with the knees flexed and feet 12 inches from the buttocks. The feet cannot be held or
rest against on object. The arms are extended and are rested on the thighs. The head is in a neutral position. For
boys, they perform push-ups with their toes and hands on the ground, and they lower their body to touch the
ground and then push themselves back up.
Scoring :- Record the total number of curl-ups, only, correctly performed curl ups should be counted.
Modified Push-Ups for girls:-
perform modified push-ups with their knees on the ground instead of their toes. The push-up test measures the
upper body strength
2.Measurement of Cardio-Vascular Fitness Test :-
Harvard Step Test--- Duration.
of the Exercise in Seconds x100/5.5 X Pulse count of 1-1.5 Min after Exercise.
Harvard step test was developed by Brouha in 1943 for the purpose of measuring physical fitness for work and the
ability to recover from work. The test was originally designed for young men of college age. In the original
validation of the step test Brouha tested 2200 males. Purpose:-To determine aerobic fitness. Objective:-To
perform step test continuously without break for 5 minutes or until.
Equipment:-
Bench or wooden block 20 inches in height; stopwatch; metronome.
Procedure:- Student will start test at the command “Go” steps up onto, and back down from the step at a rate of
30 completed steps per minute (one second up, one second down) he/she should place one foot on the bench on
the second command ‘up’ or the second sound of the metronome, he/she should place both feet fully on the
bench with the body erect straightening the legs and back.
for 5 minutes or until exhaustion. Exhaustion is defined as when the client cannot maintain the stepping rate for
15 continuous seconds.
The student immediately sits down on completion of the test, and the total number of their heart beats are
counted from 1 to 1½ minutes after finishing and from 2 to 2½ minutes after finishing and finally from 3 to 3½
minutes after finishing.
Exactly five minutes of steps, on the signal ‘stop’, the participant immediately sits down on the bench. If the
student is unable to maintain the pace, then she/he is considered to be exhausted and the test is brought to an
end before completion of 5min.
The tester will note the duration of the exercise in seconds and use short formula.Pulse Count After completion of
the test, the student sits down and the tester takes the hearts beats between from 1 to 1½ minutes after finishing
and from 2 to 2½ minutes after finishing and finally from 3 to 3½ minutes after finishing.
Scoring: Fitness Index score will be determined by applying following equation:-
(100 x test duration in seconds) divided by (2 x the sum of the heart rates) = fitness index
Here’s an example this stipulates that the test duration was five minutes, which is the usual length of this
test:-
Test duration 5min=300sec
Heart beat between minutes
1 to 1½ minutes =90
2 to 2½ minutes=80
3 to 3½ minutes=70
Total heart beat=240
100x300/2x240
=30.00x480
=62.5 (the student fitness index score is 62.5)
3.Computing Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR):-
i. The acronym BMR stands for Basal Metabolic Rate. It is the number of calories our body burns during complete
rest. We can get an insight into your energy level if you know the BMR levels. Our body needs some energy even
during sleep for performing some basic functions like breathing, circulating blood, and repairing cells.
ii. The Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) is the number of calories needed to maintain body function and resting
condition. In another words BMR is the number of calories burnt by the body while performing basic life
sustaining functions.
iii. Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) is the minimum number of calories that a person requires to maintain their bodily
functions such as breathing, circulation, and cell production while at rest. Computing BMR helps in determining
the number of calories that a person should consume daily to maintain their weight, lose weight or gain weight.
BMR was introduced to the world by James Arthur Harris and Francis Gano Benedict. So, the equation is popularly
known as the Harris-Benedict formula.
P= (10.0 x m/1 kg) + (6.25 x h/1cm) - (5.00 x a/1 year) + s
P= total energy output during rest(BMR)
M= weight of the person in kgs
H= height of the concerned person
A= age of the incumbent
S= constant which is +5 for males and -161 for females
4.Rikli & Jones - Senior Citizen Fitness Test :-
This test is also known as Fullerton Functional Test. Rikli and Jones developed this test in 2001. This is beneficial
for senior citizens and helps in early identification of at-risk participants.
Chair Stand Test:-
Purpose: The main purpose of this test is to measure the strength of the lower body which is usually used for
various tasks such as, climbing stairs, getting in and out of the chair, bathtub, car, etc.
Equipment Required: A chair and a stopwatch
Procedure: Keep the chair against the wall. The person sits in the middle of the chair. His arms should be crossed
at wrists and held close to his chest. The legs should be shoulder-width apart. From this sitting position, the
person should stand up completely and sit down completely. This is repeated for 30 seconds. Count the total no.
of complete Chair stand.
Chair Stand Test Arm Curl Test
Arm Curl Test:-
Purpose: The purpose of this test is to measure the upper body strength and endurance which is required to do
activities involving lifting and carrying things.Equipment Required: A 5-pound weight for women and 8-pound
weight for men, chair without arms, and stopwatch.
Equipment :
Women will curl a 5 lb. weight in this test and men will curl a 8 lb weight for their test.
Procedure: The aim of this test is to find the total no. arm curls that one can complete in 30 seconds. Arm curl is
performed with the dominant arm side. The person sits on the chair and holds the weight in suitcase position
(palms should be facing towards the body). The upper arm should not move but the lower arm should move freely.
Curl the arm to complete range of motion. The action is repeated as many times as possible for 30 seconds.
Chair Sit-and-Reach Test :-
Purpose: To evaluate the lower back strength which is important for maintaining the right posture and various
mobility tasks.
Equipment Required: A Chair with a straight back(44cm high), a Ruler
Procedure: The Participant sits on the edge of the chair. One foot should remain flat on the floor while the other
extended forward with the knee in a straight position. Place one hand on the other with the tips of middle fingers
at the same level. Instruct the participant to inhale and then as he exhales, reach forward towards toes by
bending at the hip, keeping knees and back straight. Hold the position for 2 seconds. The distance between the
fingertip and toes is measured. If the finger touches the toes then the score is zero. if do not touches the toes then
the distance between them is a negative score. If they overlap, measure the distance (positive score).
Chair Sit-and-Reach Back Scratch Test
Back Scratch Test:-
Purpose: To evaluate the upper body (shoulder) flexibility, which is important for performing various jobs such as
combing hair, reaching for the seatbelt, etc.
Equipment Required: Ruler
Procedure: The Test is performed in standing positon. Keep your one hand behind head and lower it down
gradually as far as possible. Your palm should touch your back. then carry your other arm behind your back with
palm facing outward and fingers facing upward. Try to reach as far as possible in order to touch or overlap the
other hand's middle finger. Measure the distance between the two middle fingers. If the finger tips touches then
the score is zero. if finger tips do not touches then measure the distance between fingertips (negative score). If
they overlap, measure the distance (positive score). Two trials is given.
Eight Foot Up and Go Test:-
Purpose: To Evaluate the speed, agility, and balance of a person while moving.
Equipment Required: A Chair with a straight back, a stopwatch, A stopwatch, cone, and measuring tape.
Procedure: Keep the chair against the wall and keep cone marker 8 feet away infront of the chair. On the
command of 'GO', stopwatch is started and the participant stands from the chair and walks (no running at all) as
fast as possible towards the cone, turns around and return to the chair and sits down. Time is recorded as the
participant sits down on the chair. Two trials are given.
Eight Foot up and Go Test
Six-minute Walk Test :-
6 minutes walk run:-
Purpose: To evaluate aerobic fitness which is an with cones placed at a regular intervals to indicate the
important component for walking, climbing stairs, etc. distance covered. Participant has to walk as quickly as
Equipment Required: Stopwatch and measuring tape possible for 6 minutes. He may stop at any time he
Procedure: The Walking Distance is marked i.e. wants.
45.72m or 50 yards in a rectangular area (20 * 5 yards)
4. Johnsen – Methney Test of Motor Educability (Front Roll, Roll, Jumping Half-Turn, Jumping
full-turn.
Johnson- Metheny Test battery is revised version of Johnson Educability Test which was designed in 1932. The
purpose of the Johnson battery was to measure neuromuscular skill capacity which have ten items. In 1938
Methney studied the test and eliminated six items.
Front Roll: Ignoring the long middle dividing line, the subject is asked to start outside the marked area and
perform two front rolls, one up to 7.5’ i.e. 3” wide centre line and the second in the other half of 7.5’. The subject
is to perform the rolls without touching the limits or over reaching the zones mentioned above.
Back Roll: The test is similar to front roll both in performing and scoring. The subject is to start outside the
marked chart area and is to ‘perform two back rolls in the 2 feet lane area, one up to first half and the second back
roll in the second half.
Jumping Half Turns: The subject is asked to start with feet on first 3” line, jump with both feet to second 3”
wide line, executing a half turn either right or left; jump to third 3” line executing half turn in opposite
direction to first half-turn and then to 4th and 5th 3” wide lines executing half turns, right or left alternatively.
Jumping Full Turns: The subject is asked to start with the feet outside the marked area at about the centre of the
lane. He/She is required to jump with feet together to second rectangular space, executing a full turn with the
body either right or left; continue jumping to alternate rectangular spaces across landing on both feet every time.
the marked mat executing full turns, rotating body in the same direction.
Test Area
Mat area length is 15 feet and it is 2 feet wide. The 15 feet length divided in to ten sections for 18” each. The width of
transverse line is ¾” and 3” alternatively. Centre of lines remains 18” apart. Another ¾” wide line is marked lengthwise in the
middle of the mat area.
Jumping Full Turns: The subject is asked to start with the feet outside the marked area at about the centre of the lane.
He/She is required to jump with feet together to second rectangular space, executing a full turn with the body either right or
left; continue jumping to alternate rectangular spaces across the marked mat executing full turns, rotating body in the same
direction, landing on both feet every time.
