DEVELOPMENT
* What is development ?
•
Development is a vast term which includes
economic development ,
good governance ,
reducing poverty ,
illiteracy ,
etc .
Meaning of development is different for
different people .
Development
For landless labours For rich
farmers For Big Businessman
It means ,
more days
-
It means , assured high
-
It means , high
and better his
of work family income through profit from
wage .
higher support police business .
for their crops .
* Conclusion :
*
Different people can have different development goals .
*
People have
can also
conflicting goals .
* Income and other
goals :
People
fave
mixed
ygoals
Materialistic Goals Non Materialistic
-
Goals
→ Income →
Respect → Education
→
Money →
Safety
* National Development :
* It is the ability of the nation to improve the
lives of its citizens .
It can be in the field of agriculture ,
industries ,
education ,
health ,
etc .
*
Singapore is a rich
country and North Korea
is poor . . . . . !
* But how can we compare two countries . . . . . ?
* Countries classified the basis Income
are on
of :
* What is a
Country 's Income ?
•
It is the total earning of the people who
are earning .
*
Classification of Countries on the Basis of
Income :
→
Role of World Bank :
Gives the classification of countries on the basis
of :
* Average Income of Per capita Income :
It will be calculated based on
money
earned per person in the specific area
of a certain year .
Total income of the Country
Total Population
On the basis of Income
" Developed 2.
Underdeveloped 3.
Developing
country country country
•
India comes under
developing countries .
* World Bank States that :
•
Countries with per capita income of US$92,056
per annum and Above in 2097 ,
are called rich
countries .
•
Countries with per capita income of US $955 per
annum or less in 2097 ,
are called low-income
countries .
•
India belongs to the category of low middle
income as its income in 2097 was US $9820
annum
per .
* World Bank Development Report :
* Pros :
4 It gives clear understanding of income of the
countries .
It set specific parameters of comparison such as
national income and per capita income .
* Cons :
4 It considers only single aspect and not other
important aspects such as literacy ,
health , life expectancy ,
etc .
" Income distribution between the people is not visible .
* Other aspects which are important for
development of a
country :
* Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) :
a Indicates the number of children that die
before the age of one year as a
proportion of 9000 live children born in that
particular year .
* When we think of a nation ,
we think
of two basic components :
•
Average Income
•
Other equally important attributes
* Human Development Index ( HDI) :
It used to
4 is measure how development has
improved human life .
* Parameters of HDI :
Life Expectancy
•
IMR
•
Maternal Mortality Rate
•
Adult Literacy Rate
•
%
of Below Poverty Line Population
•
Per Capita GDP ,
etc .
* Life Expectancy .
:
4 It is the age which a person is expected
to live .
Indian Males 67.34
'
Indian Females 69.64
'
* Maternal Mortality Rate :
4 It is the total number of dying mothers
out of 9000 mothers while giving birth to
babies in a
year .
* Adult Literacy .
Ratio :
4 Literacy rate measures the proportion of the
literate population in the 7 years and above age
group .
*
Poverty Line :
4 The estimated minimum level of income needed
to secure the necessities of Life .
4
According to calories consumed per day ,
it is
2400 in rural areas and 2900 in urban .
State Per Capita Income for 2095-96 ( in Rs )
Haryana 9,62 ,
034
Kerala 9,40 ,
990
Bihar 39,454
Net Attendance Ratio
Infant Mortality Literacy Rate %
Rate pen 9,000 ( per 900 persons ) secondary
live births (2096) 2097 Stage (age 94 and 95
years) 2093 -
94
33 82 61
10 94 83
38 62 43
* Conclusion :
1 .
→ Per Capita Income is highest in Haryana and
lowest in Bihar which indicates employment status
and scope of earning is better in
Haryana .
2 .
→
IMR is lowest in Kerala and highest in Bihar .
This indicates poor healthcare
facilities in Bihar .
High Per Capita Income does not guarantee
for better healthcare facilities .
3 .
→
Literacy rare is highest in Kerala and lowest
in Bihar .
*
→ Net attendance ratio is highest in Kerala and
lowest in Bihar .
4 All these aspects indicate that Per Capita Income
is not the best criteria to decide development but ,
other basic facilities and quality of life also matter
much and must be
properly counted for development .
J We see that people in Haryana have more money
(Income) but still they lack some basic facilities . . . .
f Money can 't buy all the goods and services
that you may need to live well .
F This is due to lack of Public Facilities .
* Government provides us the Public Facilities :
BMI
B.
Find Nourishment level in adults :
BMI weight status
BMI =
Weight ( kg) Below 98.5 Underweight
height ( )
'
m
98.5 to 24.9 Normal
Above 25 Overweight
* Public Distribution System RDS :
B. It is improving health and nutrition status of
people .
B. States with well functioning PDS are likely to
have good nutrition status .
* Sustainable Development :
•
Development in consideration with future and nature .
•
Such development meets the needs of present
without ability future generation to
compromising of
meet their needs .
*
Ways to achieve Sustainable Development :
I>
Scientific and proper use of natural resources .
4 No increase in pollution on environmental degradation .
4 Protection of flora and fauna from human
exploitation .
A Moral use even of inexhaustible resources .
4
Maintaining fertility of cultivable land .
* Sources of Energy :
Renewable Resources Non -
Renewable Resources
9) They can replenish themselves They cannot replenish themselves
by quick recycling within a by recycling and replacement .
reasonable time .
2) They are not likely to be They may be exhausted ,
e. go ,
exhausted ,
e.
go ,
soil , forest ,
wild life ,
minerals ,
fossil fuels like coal
underground water . and
petroleum .
