From Radioactive pollution
Stages/Types of Nuclear disaster
accident of nuclear fuel cycle.- in any nuclear facility
'criticality' accident-where an uncontrolled nuclear chain reaction takes-
place.
accident during transportation of radioactive material.
Male-volent use of radioactive material -egRadiological Dispersal
Device (RDD) by terrorists.
nuclear weapon attack-Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan
(IAEA) classifies above emergency scenarios-two broad categories
nuclear emergency-hazard due to release of energy along with radiation
from a nuclear chain reaction.
radiological emergency-radiation exposure due to decay of
radioisotopes
Institutional mechanism
Department of Atomic Energy (DAE)-nodal agency for
providing necessary technical inputs to national or local.
Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) -nodal ministry
Crisis Management Group (CMG)- at DAE.
coordinates with local authority in the -affected area.
ensure that necessary technical- inputs available to respond to
nuclear/radiological' emergency.
Medical preparedness for nuclear emergencies
In each constituent unit of DAE- few doctors dedicated
given necessary training in medical management of radiation
emergencies.
BARC-
equipped with radiation monitoring instruments,
have personnel decontamination centres
necessary stock of antidote medicines
specific de-corporation agents for typical radioisotopes.
regular public awareness programmes for people living in vicinity of
these facilities.
Specialized Response Teams
Four battalions of NDRF) specially trained by NDMA with assistance
from DAE/DRDO
provide specialized response during a nuclear/radiological
emergency/disaster.
Role of Civil Defense
trained extensively in subjects of radiation, radioactivity, radiation--
protection, use of monitoring instruments, shielding, decontamination,
waste disposal, etc.
Periodic Exercises and Mock Drills-resource identification, use of
equipment, understanding effects of radiation on human beings
Emergency Response Centres (ERCs)-set up at all levels (i.e., state
.capitals and major cities)
Radiation Detection, Monitoring Instruments and Protective Gear
built up by all the SDMAs and DDMAs in consultation with DAE.
Environmental Radiation Monitoring Network (IERMON) -established
by BARC.
Measures
Pre disaster-
Emergency operating procedures for assessment of an emergency
condition
Facility-specific, approved nuclear emergency response plans
specifying jobs of all the functionaries
Alerting plant personnel by sounding the emergency siren
Adequate means for communicating a notification to emergency
response organisations
During disaster-
Radiation survey around the plant and outside the plant
Formation of rescue teams and activation of a treatment area and
decontamination centre.
Assessment of wind speed, wind direction and affected sector around
the nuclear facility.
Identification of temporary shelters within the facility/site for shifting
plant personnel,
Provision of fixed and portable contamination monitors to check
contaminated personnel/vehicles
