INTRODUCTION

Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. Diseases,

which are any deviations from normal health, can affect various parts of the
body, leading to discomfort or disability. These diseases can be broadly
categorized into two major types: communicable diseases and non-
communicable diseases. The former are transmitted from one person to
another, while the latter are often caused by lifestyle choices, genetics, or
environmental factors. Understanding the causes, prevention, and treatment
of these diseases is essential to improving public health.

This project focuses on common health diseases, providing an in-depth

analysis of both communicable and non-communicable diseases. Additionally,
it examines various diseases caused by different microorganisms such as
bacteria, viruses, protozoa, helminths, and fungi, highlighting their examples,
cures, and preventive measures.

DISEASE
A disease is a condition that impairs the normal functioning of an organism,
often resulting in specific symptoms or signs. Diseases can be caused by various
factors, including pathogens (like bacteria, viruses, fungi), genetic mutations,
environmental factors, or lifestyle choices.
 COMUNICABLE DISEASE:
A communicable disease is an infectious disease that can be transmitted from
one person to another, or from animals to humans (zoonotic diseases). These
diseases are caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites,
and can spread through direct or indirect contact, droplets, air, contaminated
food or water, or vectors like mosquitoes.
Key Characteristics of Communicable Diseases:
 Transmission: Communicable diseases spread through various routes,
including:
o Direct contact: Touching, kissing, or sexual contact (e.g., HIV,
herpes).
o Indirect contact: Through contaminated objects or surfaces
(fomites), such as doorknobs, shared towels (e.g., the flu).
o Airborne transmission: Inhalation of droplets or aerosols from an
infected person’s cough, sneeze, or breath (e.g., tuberculosis,
COVID-19).
o Vector-borne transmission: Through insects like mosquitoes, ticks,
or fleas (e.g., malaria, dengue, Lyme disease).
o Water and foodborne: Ingesting contaminated food or water (e.g.,
cholera, typhoid, norovirus).
o
* It is again classified into five types
* Bacterial disease
* Viral disease
* Protozoan disease
* Heleminthic disease
* Fungal disease

BACTERIAL DISEASE:
 A bacterial disease is an infection caused by harmful bacteria that invade
the body and disrupt normal functions. Bacteria are single-celled
microorganisms that can be found in many environments, including the
human body. While many types of bacteria are harmless or even beneficial
(like those in the gut that help with digestion), certain types of bacteria can
cause disease when they invade tissues or produce toxins

How Bacterial Diseases Develop:

Bacterial diseases typically develop when pathogenic (disease-causing)
bacteria enter the body and overwhelm the immune system, either by
multiplying rapidly or producing harmful substances (toxins) that damage
tissues. Bacteria can enter the body through various routes, such as:
 Airborne (e.g., coughing or sneezing).
 Direct contact (e.g., touching contaminated surfaces or skin-to-skin
contact).
 Food and water (eating or drinking contaminated food or water).
 Vector-borne (e.g., through insect bites).
 Sexual contact (e.g., through sexually transmitted infections)

Typhoid Fever:
Typhoid fever is a serious and potentially life-threatening infectious
disease caused by the bacteria Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi (S.
Typhi). It primarily affects the intestines and bloodstream, leading to
systemic infection. It is usually spread through contaminated food or
water, especially in areas with poor sanitation.
Symptoms of Typhoid Fever:
Typhoid fever symptoms usually develop 6 to 30 days after exposure to
the bacteria. The illness can range from mild to severe and can last for
several weeks if untreated.
Common symptoms include:
 Fever: High, prolonged fever, often rising in the evening.
  Abdominal pain: Typically in the lower abdomen.
 Weakness: General malaise and fatigue.
 Headache: Often moderate to severe.
 Loss of appetite: Reduced desire to eat.
 Diarrhea or constipation: Diarrhea may occur, but in some cases,
constipation is more common.
 Rash: Small, flat, rose-colored spots (often on the chest or abdomen).
 Enlarged spleen and liver: In some cases, the spleen and liver may
become swollen
Treatment and Cure of Typhoid Fever:
 Antibiotics: The primary treatment for typhoid fever is a course of
antibiotics. The specific antibiotic depends on the strain of S. Typhi and
its antibiotic sensitivity, but common antibiotics include:
o Ciprofloxacin or other fluoroquinolones (in non-pregnant adults).
o Ceftriaxone or Cefixime (for those who cannot take
fluoroquinolones, or in severe cases).
o Azithromycin (for drug-resistant strains, especially in children).
 Supportive care: Patients may require fluids and electrolytes, especially
if they experience severe diarrhea or dehydration.
 Treatment duration: Typically, antibiotic treatment lasts from 7 to 14
days, depending on the severity and response to the medication.

Prognosis:
 With appropriate treatment, most people recover from typhoid fever in
about 2 to 4 weeks.
 The disease can be fatal if not treated, especially in severe cases or in
those with weakened immune systems.
 Some people who recover from typhoid fever can become "carriers,"
meaning they continue to harbor the bacteria in their body without
showing symptoms but can still spread the infection to others.
 Conclusion:
 Typhoid fever is a preventable and treatable bacterial infection, but it
can cause serious complications if left untreated. Vaccination, proper
sanitation, and food and water safety practices are key to preventing the
disease, especially in regions where it is endemic. If diagnosed early, it
can be treated effectively with antibiotics.

PNEUMONIA:
Pneumonia is an infection that causes inflammation in the air sacs
(alveoli) of one or both lungs. These air sacs may fill with fluid or pus,
making it difficult for oxygen to reach the bloodstream. Pneumonia can
range from mild to severe, and in some cases, it can be life-threatening
especially in vulnerable populations such as the elderly, infants, and
people with weakened immune systems.

Symptoms of Pneumonia:
The symptoms of pneumonia can vary from mild to severe. Common
symptoms include:
 Cough: Often producing mucus or phlegm (green, yellow, or blood-
streaked).
 Fever: Often with chills or sweating.
 Shortness of breath: Difficulty breathing or rapid breathing.
 Chest pain: A sharp or stabbing pain that may worsen with deep
breathing or coughing.
 Fatigue: Feeling tired or weak, sometimes severely.
 Confusion: Especially in older adults, confusion or changes in mental
status can occur.
 Wheezing: A high-pitched whistling sound when breathing, especially in
viral or asthma-related pneumonia.
 Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea: May accompany pneumonia, especially
viral types.
 In infants and young children, additional signs may include:
 Difficulty feeding or vomiting.
 Rapid or shallow breathing.
 Flaring of the nostrils or chest retraction.
 Irritability or lethargy.

Causes and Risk Factors:

 Age: Children under the age of 2 and adults over 65 are at higher risk.
 Weakened immune system: People with chronic diseases (e.g.,
HIV/AIDS, cancer, diabetes) or those on immunosuppressive medications
(e.g., steroids, chemotherapy) are at greater risk.
 Smoking: Smoking damages the lungs and weakens the immune system,
making it easier for infections to take hold.
 Chronic lung diseases: Conditions like asthma, chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD), and cystic fibrosis increase susceptibility to
pneumonia.
Prevention of Pneumonia:
1. Vaccination:
o Pneumococcal vaccine: Protects against Streptococcus
pneumoniae, the leading cause of bacterial pneumonia.
Recommended for children, older adults (65+), and people with
certain chronic conditions.
2. Good Hygiene:
o Handwashing: Wash hands frequently, especially before eating or
touching the face.
o Covering coughs and sneezes: To prevent spreading viruses and
bacteria.
o Avoiding smoking: Smoking damages the lungs and weakens the
immune system, increasing the risk of infections.
3. Healthy Lifestyle:
 o Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of fluids to help keep your respiratory
system healthy.
o Healthy diet: A balanced diet supports a strong immune system.
o Exercise: Regular physical activity can help improve lung function
and immune response.
4. Avoiding exposure:
o Avoid close contact with people who are sick, particularly those
with respiratory infections.
o In crowded settings (e.g., schools, nursing homes), good
ventilation and hygiene practices can reduce the spread of
infectious agents.
5. Conclusion:
6. Pneumonia is a serious infection of the lungs that can be caused by
bacteria, viruses, fungi, or aspiration. Its symptoms include cough, fever,
chest pain, and difficulty breathing. While many cases can be treated
successfully with antibiotics or antiviral medications, it can be life-
threatening, especially in vulnerable groups. Prevention through
vaccination, good hygiene, and healthy lifestyle choices are essential to
reducing the risk of pneumonia. Early diagnosis and treatment are key to
recovery, and severe cases may require hospitalization.

VIRAL DISEASES:

Viral diseases are caused by viruses, which are infectious agents that require
living cells to replicate. They can cause a wide range of illnesses, from mild
colds to life-threatening conditions like HIV/AIDS or Ebola. Treatment for viral
infections often focuses on symptom management, with antiviral drugs used
for specific diseases, and prevention mainly relies on vaccines, hygiene, and
other protective measures.

Common Cold

The common cold is a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract, primarily
affecting the nose and throat. It is one of the most frequent illnesses
worldwide and is generally mild, although it can lead to complications in some
cases, particularly in young children, the elderly, and people with weakened
immune systems.
Symptoms of the Common Cold

The symptoms of a common cold typically develop within one to three days of
exposure to the virus. The severity of the symptoms can vary, but they typically
include:

 Runny or stuffy nose: This is often one of the first symptoms and can be
accompanied by nasal congestion.
 Sneezing: Frequent sneezing is common with a cold.
 Sore throat: A scratchy or mildly painful throat is common early in the
illness.
 Cough: A dry or productive (mucus-producing) cough often develops.
 Mild headache: Not everyone experiences this, but some people have
mild headaches.
 Mild fever: Low-grade fever (usually under 101°F or 38.3°C) may occur,
especially in children, though it is less common in adults.
 Fatigue or tiredness: Feeling generally tired or low-energy is typical.
 Watery eyes: Some people may experience watery eyes or mild eye
irritation.
 Post-nasal drip: Mucus dripping down the back of the throat can cause a
cough or sore throat.
 Muscle aches: Mild muscle aches can occur, but they are usually not as
severe as those seen in influenza.

Transmission of the Common Cold

The common cold is highly contagious and spreads primarily through the
airborne route and direct contact. It can be transmitted in several ways:

1. Airborne transmission:
o When a person with a cold sneezes or coughs, they release tiny
droplets containing the virus into the air, which can then be
inhaled by people nearby.
2. Direct contact:
o Touching surfaces or objects contaminated with the virus (such as
doorknobs, phones, or keyboards) and then touching your face
(eyes, nose, or mouth) can spread the virus.
3. Close personal contact:
 o Shaking hands or having close contact with someone who is
infected can spread the virus, especially if the infected person has
recently coughed or sneezed.

Prevention of the Common Cold

While it is difficult to completely avoid catching a cold, there are several

preventive measures that can reduce the likelihood of getting infected:

1. Good hygiene:
o Handwashing: Wash hands regularly with soap and water for at
least 20 seconds, especially after coughing, sneezing, or touching
potentially contaminated surfaces.
o Hand sanitizers: Use alcohol-based hand sanitizers when soap and
water are unavailable.
o Avoid touching your face: Try not to touch your face, especially
your eyes, nose, and mouth, with unwashed hands.
2. Covering coughs and sneezes:
o Use a tissue or the inside of your elbow to cover your mouth and
nose when you cough or sneeze to prevent the virus from
spreading.
3. Avoid close contact with sick individuals:
o Stay away from people who are already showing symptoms of a
cold. If you are sick, stay home to avoid spreading the virus to
others.

Symptomatic Treatment:

1. Rest: Rest is essential for recovery. The body needs time to fight off the
infection.
2. Hydration: Drink plenty of fluids (water, herbal teas, clear soups) to stay
hydrated and help thin mucus.
3. Over-the-counter medications:
o Decongestants: Medications such as pseudoephedrine or
phenylephrine can help reduce nasal congestion. Nasal sprays
(like oxymetazoline) may also provide temporary relief.
o Pain relievers: Acetaminophen (Tylenol), ibuprofen (Advil), or
aspirin (for adults) can help alleviate headaches, muscle aches,
and fever.
 o Cough suppressants: Dextromethorphan is a common cough
suppressant that can be used if the cough is particularly
bothersome.
o Expectorants: Medications like guaifenesin help loosen mucus,
making it easier to expel.
4. Saline nasal spray or rinse: These can help relieve nasal congestion and
clear out mucus.
5. Throat lozenges or sprays: These may provide temporary relief from a
sore throat.
6. Conclusion
7. The common cold is a viral infection of the upper respiratory system,
commonly caused by rhinoviruses. It is highly contagious and can cause
symptoms like a sore throat, runny nose, coughing, sneezing, and
fatigue. Although there is no cure for the common cold, its symptoms
can be managed with rest, hydration, over-the-counter medications, and
good hygiene practices. The best way to prevent the cold is through
frequent handwashing, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, and
maintaining a healthy lifestyle.

PROTOZOAN DISEASES: Example of a Protozoan Disease: Malaria

Malaria is one of the most well-known and widespread protozoan
diseases. It is caused by Plasmodium species, which are transmitted to
humans through the bites of infected Anopheles mosquitoes.

Malaria:
Causing Agent:
 The disease is caused by Plasmodium parasites, which include:
o Plasmodium falciparum (the most deadly form)
o Plasmodium vivax
o Plasmodium ovale
o Plasmodium malariae
Symptoms:
 Fever: Often comes in cycles, alternating between chills and sweats.
 Chills and sweating: These episodes are often accompanied by shaking
and sweating.
 Headache: A common symptom of malaria.
 Fatigue: Extreme tiredness and weakness.
 Muscle and joint pain: Often accompanied by generalized discomfort.
 Nausea and vomiting: Some individuals may experience digestive upset.
  Anemia: Due to the destruction of red blood cells.
 Jaundice: Yellowing of the skin or eyes due to liver involvement in severe
cases.

Prevention:

1. Insecticide-treated bed nets: Sleeping under these nets helps prevent

mosquito bites.
2. Mosquito repellents: Use of repellents containing DEET can reduce the risk
of mosquito bites.
3. Indoor insecticides: Spraying insecticides in living areas can help kill
mosquitoes.
4. Antimalarial medications: People traveling to areas with malaria risk can
take preventive antimalarial drugs (e.g., chloroquine or doxycycline).
5. Eliminate mosquito breeding sites: Reducing standing water around homes
(where mosquitoes lay eggs) helps reduce mosquito populations.
6. Wear protective clothing: Long-sleeved shirts and pants can minimize skin
exposure to mosquitoes.

7. Conclusion

Protozoan diseases are caused by a variety of protozoan parasites and can

affect different organs in the body. Malaria, caused by Plasmodium species, is
one of the most common and serious protozoan infections, transmitted by
mosquitoes. Other protozoan diseases like amoebiasis, giardiasis, and
trypanosomiasis also pose significant health risks in certain regions. Prevention
generally focuses on controlling the vectors (like mosquitoes or flies),
improving sanitation, and using medications for both prevention and
treatment. Good hygiene and access to safe drinking water are critical in
preventing many of these diseases.

Fungal Disease:

Fungal diseases are infections caused by fungi, which are organisms that can
affect the skin, lungs, nails, and internal organs. Fungi are often present in the
environment, and infections occur when the body's natural defenses are
compromised or when fungi grow excessively.
Example of Fungal Disease: Athlete's Foot (Tinea Pedis)

Causing Agent:

 Fungi: Primarily Trichophyton species.

Symptoms:

 Itchy, red rash between the toes or on the soles of the feet.
 Peeling, cracking, or blistering of the skin.
 Burning sensation on the feet.

Transmission:

 Direct contact: Touching infected surfaces (e.g., locker room floors,

public showers).
 Indirect contact: Using shared towels or footwear contaminated with
fungal spores.

Prevention:

 Keep feet dry and clean, especially between the toes.

 Wear breathable socks and shoes, preferably made of cotton or leather.
 Use antifungal powders or sprays to prevent infection.
 Avoid walking barefoot in public areas like pools and gyms.
 Don't share personal items, such as towels or shoes.

Treatment:

 Topical antifungal treatments (creams or sprays like clotrimazole or

miconazole).
 In severe cases, oral antifungal medications may be needed.

Other Fungal Diseases:

1. Ringworm (Tinea Corporis):

o Symptoms: Circular, red, itchy rash.
o Prevention: Avoid sharing personal items, keep skin clean and dry.
2. Candidiasis (Yeast Infection):
 o Symptoms: Itchy, red areas, and thick white discharge (in vaginal
infections or oral thrush).
o Prevention: Maintain good hygiene, wear breathable clothing,
and avoid excessive use of antibiotics.

Fungal infections are common but treatable with antifungal medications.

Proper hygiene and avoiding contaminated environments are key to
prevention

NON-COMUNICABLE DISEASES

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are diseases that are not

transmitted from person to person. They are usually chronic and
develop over a long period due to a combination of genetic,
environmental, and lifestyle factors.

Examples of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs):

1. Heart Disease (e.g., coronary artery disease, heart failure)

2. Diabetes (especially Type 2 diabetes)
3. Cancer (e.g., lung, breast, prostate cancer)

Heart Disease (Cardiovascular Disease)

Heart disease refers to a range of conditions that affect the heart and
blood vessels. The most common type is coronary artery disease, which
affects the heart's blood supply. Other types include heart attacks, heart
failure, arrhythmias, and valvular heart disease.

Symptoms of Heart Disease:

 Chest pain or discomfort

 Shortness of breath
 Fatigue (feeling unusually tired)
 Palpitations (feeling of a rapid or irregular heartbeat)
 Dizziness
 Swelling in the legs, ankles, or feet
 Pain in the arms, neck, back, or jaw (in case of heart attack)

Causes of Heart Disease:

1. Atherosclerosis: Build-up of fatty deposits (plaque) in the arteries, which

narrows and hardens them, reducing blood flow to the heart.
2. High blood pressure: Increased pressure on the heart and blood vessels,
leading to heart damage over time.
3. Diabetes: High blood sugar levels can damage blood vessels and
increase the risk of heart disease.
4. High cholesterol: Elevated levels of "bad" LDL cholesterol can lead to
plaque formation in arteries.
5. Obesity: Excess weight increases the strain on the heart and raises the
risk of high blood pressure, diabetes, and high cholesterol.
6. Tobacco use: Smoking damages blood vessels and reduces oxygen flow
to the heart.
7. Lack of physical activity: A sedentary lifestyle increases risk factors like
obesity, high blood pressure, and cholesterol.

Prevention of Heart Disease:

1. Healthy diet: Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains,
and healthy fats. Limit salt, sugar, and processed foods.
2. Exercise regularly: Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise
per week (e.g., brisk walking, cycling).
3. Avoid smoking and limit alcohol consumption.
4. Maintain a healthy weight: Manage your body weight through diet and
exercise.
5. Monitor blood pressure and cholesterol: Regular check-ups to keep
these levels in check.
6. Manage stress: Practice stress-relieving techniques like meditation,
yoga, or deep breathing.
7. Control diabetes: Keep blood sugar levels under control with
medication, diet, and exercise.

Conclusion:
 Heart disease is a leading cause of death worldwide but is largely
preventable through a healthy lifestyle, regular check-ups, and managing
risk factors like high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes.

Diabetes

Diabetes is a chronic medical condition that occurs when the body cannot
properly regulate blood sugar (glucose) levels. There are two main types:

1. Type 1 Diabetes: The body does not produce insulin, a hormone that
helps regulate blood sugar. It is usually diagnosed in childhood or early
adulthood.
2. Type 2 Diabetes: The body becomes resistant to insulin, or the pancreas
does not produce enough insulin. It is more common in adults and is
often linked to lifestyle factors.

Symptoms of Diabetes:

1. Increased thirst
2. Frequent urination
3. Extreme hunger
4. Fatigue or feeling tired all the time
5. Blurred vision
6. Unexplained weight loss (especially in Type 1)
7. Slow healing of wounds or infections
8. Numbness or tingling in hands or feet (often in Type 2)
9. Dry mouth and itchy skin

Causes of Diabetes:

 Type 1 Diabetes: The exact cause is unknown, but it is thought to be an

autoimmune response where the body's immune system attacks and
destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.
 Type 2 Diabetes:
 o Insulin resistance: The body’s cells don’t respond properly to
insulin, so glucose can’t enter the cells and accumulates in the
bloodstream.
o Genetic factors: Family history of diabetes increases the risk.
o Obesity: Excess fat, particularly abdominal fat, can make the body
resistant to insulin.
o Physical inactivity: A sedentary lifestyle increases the risk.
o Poor diet: A diet high in processed foods, sugar, and unhealthy
fats can contribute to the development of Type 2 diabetes.

Prevention of Diabetes:

For Type 2 Diabetes:

1. Maintain a healthy weight: Losing even a small amount of weight (5-10%

of body weight) can reduce the risk.
2. Exercise regularly: Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise
most days of the week (e.g., walking, cycling, swimming).
3. Eat a balanced diet: Focus on whole grains, vegetables, fruits, lean
proteins, and healthy fats. Limit sugary foods, refined carbs, and
processed snacks.
4. Avoid smoking: Smoking increases the risk of insulin resistance and can
worsen blood sugar control.
5. Limit alcohol: Drinking alcohol in excess can increase blood sugar levels
and lead to weight gain.
6. Monitor blood pressure and cholesterol: Keeping these in check helps
reduce the risk of complications.

For Type 1 Diabetes (Currently no known prevention):

 Although Type 1 diabetes cannot be prevented, early diagnosis and

proper insulin therapy can help manage the condition effectively.

Conclusion:

Diabetes is a serious condition that can lead to complications like heart

disease, kidney damage, and nerve damage if left untreated. Type 1
diabetes is largely genetic, while Type 2 diabetes is preventable through
lifestyle changes such as maintaining a healthy weight, staying active, and
eating a balanced diet. Regular health check-ups to monitor blood sugar
levels can also help detect the condition early, improving management and
preventing complications.

Cancer

Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and

spread of abnormal cells in the body. If the growth is not controlled, these
cells can form tumors, invade nearby tissues, or spread to other parts of the
body through the bloodstream or lymphatic system (metastasis).

Symptoms of Cancer:

The symptoms of cancer depend on the type and stage of the disease, but
common signs may include:

1. Unexplained weight loss

2. Fatigue or feeling constantly tired
3. Pain (localized or widespread, depending on the cancer)
4. Skin changes (e.g., unusual moles, yellowing of the skin, sores that don't
heal)
5. Persistent cough or hoarseness
6. Changes in bowel or bladder habits (e.g., persistent diarrhea or
constipation)
7. Abnormal bleeding or discharge (e.g., coughing up blood, blood in the
stool, unusual vaginal bleeding)
8. Lumps or swelling: New growths or lumps, particularly in the breast,
testicles, or lymph nodes.
9. Difficulty swallowing or persistent indigestion
[Link] pain: Especially pain that doesn’t go away or worsens over
time.

Causes of Cancer:
Cancer is caused by genetic mutations or damage to DNA, which leads to
abnormal cell growth. The mutations can result from:

1. Genetic factors: Inherited genes or family history can increase the risk of
certain cancers (e.g., breast, ovarian, or colon cancer).
2. Environmental factors:
o Tobacco use: Smoking and tobacco use are the leading cause of
lung cancer and increase the risk of many other cancers.
o Alcohol consumption: Excessive drinking can increase the risk of
cancers of the liver, mouth, throat, and breast.
o Exposure to carcinogens: Chemicals, asbestos, or radiation can
damage cells and lead to cancer. UV radiation from the sun can
also cause skin cancer.
3. Infections: Certain infections can increase the risk of cancer (e.g., HPV
leading to cervical cancer, Hepatitis B and C increasing liver cancer risk).
4. Obesity: Being overweight or obese increases the risk of several cancers,
including breast, colon, and kidney cancer.
5. Physical inactivity: Lack of exercise contributes to the development of
various cancers.
6. Hormonal factors: Hormones, especially in cases of breast or prostate
cancer, can play a role in cancer development.
7. Age: The risk of cancer increases with age due to the accumulation of
genetic mutations over time.

Precautions to Reduce the Risk of Cancer:

While not all cancers can be prevented, the following lifestyle changes can
lower your risk:

1. Avoid tobacco: Do not smoke or use any form of tobacco.

2. Limit alcohol consumption: Keep alcohol intake to a minimum (e.g., one
drink per day for women and two for men).
3. Eat a healthy diet: Focus on a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables,
whole grains, and lean proteins. Limit processed foods, red meat, and
excessive fats.
4. Exercise regularly: Aim for at least 30 minutes of physical activity most
days of the week.
5. Maintain a healthy weight: Avoid obesity by adopting healthy eating
habits and staying active.
6. Protect your skin from the sun: Use sunscreen, wear protective clothing,
and avoid prolonged sun exposure, especially during peak hour.