UTTAR PRADESH
VIDHAN SABHA
BACKGROUND GUIDE
REVIEW OF THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS
UNDER THE UP GOVERNMENT.
UP VIDHAN SABHA
(BACKGROUND GUIDE)
AGENDA - REVIEW OF
ECONOMICAL AND SOCIAL
CONDITION OF BJP
GOVERNMENT IN THE STATE
SPEAKER - MR. ADARSH TIWARI
DEPUTY SPEAKER - MISS. NIHARIKA JAISWAL
POLITICAL ADVISOR - MISS. SHREYA TRIPATHI
SCRIBE- MISS. PALAK SINGH
LETTER FROM THE EXECUTIVE BOARDS
Dear Esteemed Delegates,
As the Executive Board of the UP VIDHAN SABHA, it is our honor to address you
ahead of the upcoming committee sessions. We are excited to witness the impact
of your contributions as you prepare to engage in the meaningful discussions that
will shape the future of our communities, our nations, and the world.
This committee session is not only an opportunity to further our work but also to
challenge ourselves and each other to think critically and act boldly. You, as
delegates, have been selected because of your potential to drive change, to bring
fresh perspectives, and to advocate for the values that matter most in today’s
society. The topic ( Review of economical and social conditions of bjp govt. in the
state) , we will be tackling require innovative solutions, empathy, and
collaboration, and we trust you will rise to the challenge.
In the weeks leading up to this session, we encourage you to immerse yourself in
the issues at hand. Research, debate, and explore all angles of the discussions.
While every committee has its unique focus, remember that these discussions have
global implications. Whether we are addressing human rights, social justice, or
economical reform, your role as a delegate is critical in shaping the outcomes of
these sessions.
The success of this event will depend on your dedication, your ability to listen to
differing viewpoints, and your commitment to working together despite any
challenges that may arise. We urge you to approach each session with an open
mind, a collaborative spirit, and a deep sense of responsibility to the cause we all
share.
As the Executive Board, we are here to provide you with the support and resources
you need to succeed. Our role is to facilitate, guide, and ensure that your
experience is productive and meaningful. Should you have any questions or
concerns, please do not hesitate to reach out.
Let this session be a reflection of the energy, enthusiasm, and determination that
defines us as a Parliament. We are proud of the work that lies ahead, and we look
forward to seeing all of you contribute your talents to create the change we want
to see.
Best of luck to each of you, and we look forward to the engaging, thought-
provoking, and productive discussions that await us.
Warm regards,
Speaker - ADARSH TIWARI
Deputy Speaker - NIHARIKA JAISWAL
INTRODUCTION
Uttar Pradesh (UP), India's most populous state, has
experienced significant changes in its social and economic
landscape under the governance of the Bharatiya Janata Party
(BJP) since it came to power in 2017. The state, known for its
political and cultural prominence, is home to over 200 million
people and holds a critical position in the nation's overall
development. .
As in much of the rest of the country, this demographic
dividend – especially the large youth population – along with
urbanization, growth in manufacturing, and new technologies
have helped power the economic growth that has seen UP
become the third-largest state GDP in the country.
According to data from the Ministry of Statistics and
Programme Implementation, UP’s GSDP experienced a CAGR
of 10.5% from 2004/5 to pre-pandemic 2019-20. This figure
was bolstered in large part by an 18% growth rate between
2010-11 and 2015-16, before contracting to a 6.46% growth
rate the following four years. While these numbers depict a
robust rate of economic development as a whole, the picture
is less compelling when examined in relation to both UP’s
neighboring states and the other states in the top five by total
GDP. Since 2015-16, UP has shown slower economic growth
than all but one state (Rajasthan) with which it shares a
border and substantially slower growth than India’s other top
state economies (Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, and
Karnataka). There are several indicators that shed light on
UP’s relatively slow and declining economic growth.
ECONOMICAL CONDITION
Uttar Pradesh (UP), one of India’s top state economies, is
aiming to become the nation’s first $1 trillion economy. To
achieve this ambitious goal, the Yogi Adityanath government
is betting on its expansive network of expressways and mega
industrial corridors to boost UP’s gross state domestic
product (GSDP) from its current level of nearly $300 billion.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi has dubbed UP as ‘Express
Pradesh’, owing to its extensive expressway projects and the
‘speed of governance’ under Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath.
Since Adityanath took office in March 2017, various
expressway projects — either commissioned or still under
construction — have a total outlay of Rs 80,000 crore.
INDUSTRIAL LAND BANKS :
To support this growth, the Adityanath government is
expanding its land inventory for industries spanning
manufacturing and services sectors.
UP has set a land bank target of 150,000 acres by 2027. With
54,000 acres already in its land bank, the state has envisaged
fresh land acquisition of 96,000 acres across 75 districts.
UP’s overarching objective is to become a preferred
investment destination in South Asia across different sectors,
including infrastructure, industry, tourism, food processing,
green hydrogen, information technology, micro, small and
medium enterprises, energy, power, dairy, banking, hospitality,
and more. The land bank will be developed by the UP State
Industrial Development Authority, Noida, Greater Noida, the
Yamuna Expressway Industrial Development Authority, and
the Gorakhpur Industrial Development Authority
Recently, Adityanath directed development authorities to
expedite the land acquisition process to ensure seamless
allocation to investors. UP has also established the
Bundelkhand Industrial Development Authority (BIDA),
modelled after the New Okhla Industrial Development
Authority (Noida), to catalyse industrial development in the
arid Bundelkhand region. Bundelkhand, known for its parched
landmass and outward migration for jobs, is seeking to
develop socioeconomically and contribute to UP’s overall
growth. In its first phase, BIDA is set to acquire 35,000 acres
of land, worth nearly Rs 6,000 crore, spanning 33 revenue
villages in Jhansi district.
INVESTMENT PORTAL:
The Uttar Pradesh government is further strengthening its
already robust single window clearance system, which is
aimed at improving ease of doing business (EODB) and
ease of living for the state’s residents. It is also at work to
link its micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) and
its start-up ecosystem with big industries and
manufacturers to achieve its objective to become a
trillion-dollar economy. Participating in the Business
Standard’s ‘Samriddhi’ roundtable in Lucknow recently,
Invest UP CEO and industrial development secretary
Abhishek Prakash said the state government’s approach to
improve its EODB ranking has been three pronged,
comprising institutional and technological reforms and a
targeted approach towards carrying out these reforms.
Chief general manager of the Small Industries Development
Bank of India (Sidbi) Sanjay Gupta said that the robust growth
seen in UP was reflected in the marked improvement in the
roads, housing and infrastructure sectors. “The MSME sector
plays a significant role in the growth of an economy,” he said,
adding that cash flow-based financing and the digital
revolution of fintech were fast gaining traction.
Another participant, Varanasi-based entrepreneur Rajat
Mohan Pathak claimed that the positive changes happening in
the state's industrial and infra firmaments were visible,
providing impetus to startups and legacy businesses alike. “In
Varanasi, a large number of new silk apparel brands have
cropped up in the recent past, apart from more than 100 new
ventures set up by the next generation of artisans and
entrepreneurs,” he said, adding that there is an underlying
rhythm to UP’s industrial landscape which may seem chaotic
from distance.
Employment Growth:
Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh) [India], October 13,2023(ANI): Under
the leadership of Uttar Pradesh CM Yogi Adityanath, the state
has made unprecedented progress in providing employment
to every section of society, said a press release on Friday.
The state government has provided over 6 lakh government
jobs in just 6.5 years, empowering the youth of UP and it is
continuously issuing appointment letters to the youth under
Mission Rozgar, said the official statement. The official release
further mentioned that according to the Periodic Labor Force
Survey (PLFS) report, the national unemployment rate was 6.1
per cent in 2017-18, which has decreased to 3.4 per cent in
2022-23.
The unemployment rate in Uttar Pradesh was 6.4 per cent in 2017-18
which has decreased to 2.6 per cent in 2022-23.
The unemployment rate in Uttar Pradesh was 6.4 per cent in 2017-18
which has decreased to 2.6 per cent in 2022-23.
The official release also mentioned that from these numbers, it is
evident that the Yogi government has been successful in implementing
the 'Mission Rozgar' campaign in the state in a fair and transparent
manner and through this initiative, the state government has
connected 6 lakh youth to government jobs in the past 6.5 years.
Moreover, the government's efforts have led to increased investment
in the private sector and the creation of new job opportunities, due to
which, the unemployment rate in Uttar Pradesh has decreased by 3.8
per cent in 2022-23 as compared to 2017- 18, said the official
statement. UP government empowers youth with appointment letters
every month and CM Yogi is continuously distributing appointment
letters to the youths selected through a fair and transparent process,
leading to the empowerment of youth in the state, added the official
statement. More than 1.5 lakh jobs have been provided in the police
department, said the official release. Notably, in July and August, more
than 13,000 youths were given appointment letters and in October
itself, CM Yogi issued appointment letters to 394 homoeopathic
pharmacists and 219 principals were selected by the Uttar Pradesh
Public Service Commission. As per the official release, on June 9,
appointment letters were distributed to 7182 ANM (Auxiliary nurse
midwife) health workers, 1442 newly selected staff nurses in SGPGI
(Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences) on June
10, and 102 'Udyami Mitra' along with an incentive amount of Rs 232
crore on June 17.
Moreover, appointment letters were given for 1148 positions
selected by the Uttar Pradesh Police Recruitment and
Promotion Board on July 6, and for 227 constables selected
in the skilled sportsperson quota by the Uttar Pradesh
Police Recruitment and Promotion Board on July 8, 2023
According to IBEF:
At current prices, the gross state domestic product (GSDP) of
Uttar Pradesh is estimated to be Rs. 24.99 trillion (US$ 300.01
billion) in 2024-25. The GSDP is expected to increase at a CAGR
of 9.05% from 2018-19 to 2024-25.
Uttar Pradesh is recognised as a major milk-producing state in
India. Milk production in the state stood at 30.5 million tonnes in
2018-19, accounting for 16.50% of the total milk production of
the country. Per capita milk availability in the state stood at 359
grams per day in 2018-19. As of August 2024, Uttar Pradesh had
an installed power generation capacity of 31,797.39 MW. Of this,
7,908.20 MW was from state utilities, 15,144.27 MW (private
utilities) and 8,744.92 MW (central utilities). Thermal power
contributed 22,517.26 MW to the state’s total installed power
generation capacity, followed by 3,424.02 MW (hydropower),
289.48 MW (nuclear power) and 8,990.66 MW (renewable
power), as of August 2024. In August 2022, Uttar Pradesh
revealed the draft of its Solar Energy Policy-2022, which
indicates that the state has a goal of producing 16,000 MW of
renewable energy by 2026–27. The state’s resources, policy
incentives, infrastructure and climate are best suited for
investments in diverse sectors such as Information Technology
(IT), agro-based and food processing, light engineering goods,
sports goods, textiles, leather-based, tourism, and
biotechnology. The state has a well-developed social, physical,
and industrial infrastructure. It also has good connectivity
through 48 national highways, six airports and rail links to all
major cities. The state has witnessed a high rate of
infrastructure growth in the recent past. There has been a
considerable rise in the number of industrial clusters/hubs and
Public-Private-Partnership (PPP) projects in the infrastructure
domain.
According to Department for Promotion of Industry and
Internal Trade (DPIIT), cumulative FDI inflow in Uttar Pradesh
stood at US$ 1,679 million between April 2000-June 2024.
Merchandise exports from Uttar Pradesh reached US$ 8.68
billion in FY25 (April- August). Electronic goods was the
leading export category with 25% share of state exports in
FY25 (April- August).
Uttar Pradesh is a favoured tourist destination in India with
Taj Mahal, one of the eight Wonders of the World, located in
Agra. In 2019, domestic tourist arrival in the state reached
535.8 million. Foreign tourist arrival crossed over 4.74 million.
Between October 2019-March 2024, FDI inflows in Uttar
Pradesh stood at US$ 1,384.27 million. The state ranked 10th
in India in terms of FDI inflows. In 2019, 147 investment
intentions worth Rs. 16,799 crore (US$ 2.40 billion) were filed
in Uttar Pradesh.
As of July 2022, Uttar Pradesh had 23 notified, 14 operational
SEZs and 24 formally approved SEZs.
Some of the major initiatives taken by the Government to
promote Uttar Pradesh as an investment destination are:
In January 2024, Defense Minister, Mr. Rajnath Singh,
inaugurated the Samvid Gurukulam Girls Sainik School in
Vrindavan, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh. This is the first all-girls
Sainik School, with an initial enrollment of approximately
870 students.
In December 2023, Prime Minister, Mr. Narendra Modi laid
the foundation stone and dedicated to the nation multiple
development projects worth over Rs. 19,150 crores (US$
2.30 billion) in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh.
In October 2022, Chief Minister Mr. Yogi Adityanath said
that from the following academic year, all colleges and
institutions in Uttar Pradesh will offer medical and
engineering programmes in Hindi.
In August 2022, the Indo-Israel Center of Excellence for
Vegetables in Chandauli (Uttar Pradesh) was inaugurated by
Minister of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Mr. Narendra
Singh Tomar.
According to the state government, as many as 1,500
projects worth more than Rs. 70,000 crore (US$ 9.03
billion) are planned to be launched in Uttar Pradesh’s third
ground breaking ceremony to be held in June 2022. Some of
these major projects are:
Adani Group’s project worth around Rs. 4,900 crore
(US$ 631.86 million).
Hiranandani Group’s two data centres in Noida with an
investment of Rs. 9,100 crore (US$ 1.17 billion).
Microsoft’s Rs. 2,100 crore (US$ 270.85 million)
software development centre.
Dalmia Group’s Rs. 600 crore (US$ 77.38 million) cement
manufacturing plant in Mirzapur, Hamirpur.
Rs. 21,000 crore (US$ 2.71 billion) projects will be launched
in the third ground breaking ceremony to be held in June
2022. in the IT and electronics sector.
The Uttar Pradesh state government is considering
expanding the metro rail services to the cities of Bareilly,
Jhansi, Gorakhpur, Varanasi, Meerut and Prayagraj. The
project is worth Rs. 2,670 crore (US$ 344.3 million), and it
will be having 14 elevated stations on a 15.14 km long
stretch in the first phase.
SOCIAL CONDITIONS
People's perception of Uttar Pradesh as a "mafia and gunda
raj" has changed in the six-year rule of the BJP and the state is
registering growth in all sectors under the double-engine
government, Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath .
Adityanath was speaking at an event to mark the first
anniversary of his government's second term. Deputy chief
ministers Keshav Prasad Maurya and Brajesh Pathak and the
BJP's state unit chief Bhupendra Chaudhary and others were
present on the occasion.
During his address, Adityanath said the highlights of the
government's achievements in the past six years are being
presented by public representatives in all the state's 403
assembly constituencies. "Today, Uttar Pradesh is known for
'mahotsava (festivals)' and not mafia," he said at a press
conference.
"Unlike in the past, when officials were shuffled like a pack of
cards, district magistrates are completing their full terms and
are providing benefits of the government's schemes to all
sections of society," he added.
Recently the Prime Minister's Council for Economic Advice
(EAC-PM) has released a Social Progress Index report, in
which each state in the country has been given a rank in
terms of social progress. Uttar Pradesh has been ranked
31st in this report.
Key Points
The Council has based on three dimensions and 12
components to prepare the EAC-PM Social Progress
Index. The first dimension is 'Basic Human Needs'. It
consists of four components (i) nutrition and basic medical
care, (ii) water and sanitation, (iii) shelter and (iv) personal
safety.
The second dimension is the foundation of well-being, the
four components involved are (i) access to basic
knowledge, (ii) access to information and communication,
(iii) health and well-being and (iv) environmental quality.
Similarly, the third dimension is challenge, which includes
(i) individual rights, (ii) personal freedom and choice, (iii)
inclusivity and (iv) access to advanced education as
components.
Uttar Pradesh's performance in all these three dimensions
and components was, on average, normal. The state has
fared better in providing housing under only two
components - availability of drinking water and Pradhan
Mantri Awas Yojana Urban.
Uttar Pradesh, which ranks first in the country in terms of
population, has come at 31st position with 49.16 points in
the Social Progress Index.
In this index, Pondicherry has got 65.99 points, while
Jharkhand, the last state, has got 43.95 points.
The index's ranking is divided into 6 levels, the first level
being very high social progress, second high social
progress, third upper middle social progress, fourth low
middle social progress, fifth low social progress and sixth
very low social progress level. Uttar Pradesh has reached
the fifth lowest social progress level in this index of social
progress. Along with Uttar Pradesh, the states of Odisha
and Madhya Pradesh are also included in this level.
Significantly, the Economic Advisory Council to the Prime
Minister along with the Institute for Competitiveness and
Social Progress Imperative released the Social Progress
Index for states and districts of India. The report presents
a comprehensive picture of social progress in India by
evaluating changes in the performance of some key
indicators since 2015-16.
Further, the report highlights the progress made by the
country's 112 aspirational districts, helping them track
their social progress and understand areas that need
more attention.
Multidimensional poverty and disparities:
First are the stark disparities in poverty rates between
districts and between rural and urban areas. NITI Aayog’s
latest report on multidimensional poverty in states and
districts, released in November 2021, shows that nearly 38%
of the total population is multidimensionally poor. This places
UP as the third poorest state, behind its neighbors Bihar and
Jharkhand. When compared to the other states in the top-five
largest economies, UP’s poverty rate is double the next
highest (Gujarat; 18.6%). Narrowing the data by district shows
how unequal the economic development has been within the
state itself. In three districts – Shrawasti, Bahraich, and
Balrampur – nearly or more than 70% of the population is
multidimensionally poor; on the opposite end of the
spectrum are Lucknow (12.16%) and Kanpur Nagar (14.34%).
Further highlighting regional disparities is the fact that eight
of the ten poorest districts are in the northern part of the
state.An important caveat to the findings of the report,
however, is that it is based on the National Family Health
Survey from 2015-16, and there have been improvements in
many areas since then. As of 2021, the number of households
with electricity has increased from 73% in 2015-16 to more
than 90%; homes with toilets have increased from 36% to
69%; and half of all homes are using clean fuel, compared to
one-third. Additionally, Shrawasti, Bahraich, and Balrampur
have since become part of the Central Government’s
Aspirational Districts Programme, which aims to improve
socio-economic indicators in 117 of the poorest districts in
the country.
Additionally, the National Statistical Office released a report
in late 2020 covering education and literacy in all states,
which further highlighted disparities between rural and urban
populations and between men and women in UP. On literacy
rates, just 60% of rural and 75% of urban women qualified as
literate, compared to 81% of rural and 87% of urban men. For
women especially, these numbers lag significantly behind
both national averages and the other top-five economies.
Likewise, just 25% of rural women and 46% of urban women
have completed secondary education or beyond, compared
to 38% and 57% of rural and urban men respectively. These
numbers for urban populations in UP are again lagging behind
the national average and its economic counterparts, but
notably UP’s rural populations are in line with or slightly
above the national average. Again, this data is based on a
2017-18 survey, so certain improvements will have been made
in the years since.
With that said, intra-district disparities and rural-urban
divides are significant. They shape and are shaped by the
overall economic direction of the state, the employment
situation in the various sectors that power the economy, and
the migration trends that are part of the same feedback loop.
The Status of marginalised communities:
UP is uniquely characterized by high rates of both in- and out-
migration. In fact, 25% of India’s inter-state migrants are from
UP. Out-migration is highest in the eastern, southeastern, and
central districts whereas migration into UP is largely taking
place in the NCR region next to Delhi. These migration
patterns are part of a complex feedback loop of cause and
effect that have numerous knock-on effects, not only for
district and state economies but for the lives of the people
leaving and left behind as well, especially youth and women.
Along with other social and community effects, the cycle of
migration is both an indicator of and contributor to an
ongoing employment crisis and a misalignment between
employment demand and employment opportunity. Unable
to find stable work in their villages, people migrating to urban
areas may not find the situation there any better, leaving
little choice but to go further out of state or return home.
The final pieces of UP’s socio-economic landscape to be
covered in this paper are the status of marginalized groups,
including women, Scheduled Castes (SC), and Scheduled
Tribes (ST). There are more than 65 SC communities and more
than 15 STs in UP, following the passage of a bill to amend the
list of STs in the state. The socio-economic conditions for
these groups are broadly in line with those facing similar
communities around the country. Nationally, SCs have the
highest rates of unemployment across age groups and
education levels. They face high rates of poverty as a result
and have lower levels of education and literacy; poor housing,
sanitation, and a lack of or insufficient levels of health care;
and little or no representation either in government or at the
voting booth.
Certain forest-dwelling tribes in UP only gained voting rights
in 2015 and began receiving government services and access
to government schemes in 2017. Some experts have argued
that 45-50 marginalized communities in UP were not receiving
any benefits from the government as recently as 2016; their
relatively small numbers and lack of political voice or capital
rendered them effectively invisible to any major political
party.
As noted above, women are lagging far behind their male
counterparts and their counterparts across the country in
education, literacy, and employment rates. Compounding
these issues, UP ranked third worst among all states in
maternal mortality rate between 2017-19 with 167 deaths
per 100,000 live births. The state was the second worst in
infant mortality rate as of 2019 with 41 deaths per 1,000
live births. Though UP still ranks low on these indicators,
steady progress has been made over the years. Women
have also been making substantial gains politically. Voting
rates among women have increased from 44% in 1991 to
nearly 60% in 2019. Political parties have been courting
women voters more and more frequently by promising a
greater focus on women’s issues, an important
development even when they may not be able to keep all
the promises being made.
IN ADDITION TO:
Economic diversity, industrial decline &
infrastructure improvement:
Furthering these issues – and a major cause of concern
regarding an economic and employment turnaround – is the
state’s declining manufacturing sector. Overall, the economy
is well diversified between agriculture, industry (including
manufacturing), and the services sector. However, while
agriculture and services have continued to grow at relatively
stable rates over the past decade, manufacturing has
experienced a severe contraction. From 2012 to 2017,
manufacturing had a CGAR of 14.6%, substantially outpacing
all other facets of the economy. From 2017-2020, prior to the
pandemic, manufacturing had a negative growth rate of
-3.3%. More research would be required to gain deeper
insight into the reasons why UP’s manufacturing sector has
declined so precipitously, though some government officials
have cited national economic slowdowns and subsequent
declines in demand as the primary cause. Regardless of the
underlying causes, manufacturing’s struggles are especially
concerning for future growth in the overall economy,
employment levels, and per capita income which has
increased by just 0.43% over the past four years. Strong
government policies will be necessary for bringing UP’s
manufacturing sector back; whether or not the current
government is implementing such policies will be covered in
the following paper. Though manufacturing has been on a
steady decline, the state government has made efforts at
improving infrastructure over the last several years in
particular.
EMPLOYMENT CRISIS:
The employment crisis in UP is reflective of the national
employment crisis that has been percolating for a decade, only
the state’s is on an even deeper level. Nationally, the
employment crisis has been summarized as the nonagricultural
sectors “failing to absorb the labour moving out of agriculture”
either due to that sector’s inability to accommodate new workers
or due to those already employed being made redundant. Less
educated workers were most affected by these factors, finding
increasingly fewer opportunities across the board. As a result,
“the benefits of growth accrued to a thin top layer of the
population – the rich.” Likewise, in UP, the problem is more
severe in rural areas, as “work, both skilled and unskilled, is hard
to come by in villages, where agriculture is the mainstay.” The
majority of the rural poor are smallholder farmers without
enough land to provide for large families. Overall,
“asymmetrically low income in the agriculture sector with a high
workforce dependence remains a challenge,” and feeds into the
cycle of migration even though employment opportunities are
not much better in urban areas. While the COVID-19 pandemic hit
the labour markets hard in 2020 and beyond, unemployment
levels in UP have been on the rise for all groups since 2012
alongside declining levels of self-employment and informal
employment. Youth unemployment in 2019 was five times higher
than in 2012 and higher education levels showed little benefit for
finding stable work. Likewise, “female workforce participation hit
a historic low in 2018-19;” just 9.4% of women in UP were
employed prior to the pandemic. During that same period,
however, there was a proportional and total increase in the
number of formal, salaried jobs, indicating that this crisis has
been particularly devastating for the less educated and already
poor sections of UP’s population.
CONCLUSION:
The situation described above shows a state that has made
gains in some areas and has much work to do in many
others. The primary large-scale issues that should be a
focal area of the UP state government policies and
schemes going forward are of course kickstarting economic
growth and employment. This should include revamping
and modernizing the declining manufacturing sector and
ensuring that there is a pathway for transitioning
employment from the agricultural sector to the industrial
sector. Narrowing the performance gaps between rural and
urban areas and between districts could help stem the
cycle of migration to a certain degree at the same time that
it makes use of population shifts that will inevitably
continue. Lastly, the government should be focused on
schemes that prioritize women, youth, and other
marginalized groups specifically.
ALL THE BEST
FOR THE
CONFERENCE
