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Motorcycle theft prevention and recovery security system

Conference Paper · June 2017

DOI: 10.1109/ECTICon.2017.8096372

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Motorcycle Theft Prevention and Recovery Security System

1
Archie O. Pachica, Dhave S. Barsalote2, Jessy Mae P. Geraga3, Jhestine M. Ong4 and Michael D. Sajulan5
1-5
Department of Information Technology, College of Information Technology and Computing
University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines.
C.M. Recto Avenue, Lapasan, Cagayan de Oro City, 9000 Philippines.

1
ORCID: 0000-0001-7716-4263

Abstract the country has ran rampant over the years and countless of
their modus operandi has been recorded.
Transportation plays a big part of our daily lives. Every year,
people in the Philippines are increasingly using vehicles The Philippine National Police has recorded a periodic
especially motorcycles as their common means of increase in cases of stolen motorcycles across the country. The
transportation. Together with the increase of motorcycle users, PNP Highway Patrol Group said that in 2013, they recorded
motorcycle theft is also rampant over the years. In this study, a 3,701 cases of stolen motorcycles. In 2014, the number of
system had been developed for theft prevention and recovery stolen motorcycles was at 7,302. During the first quarter of
of motorcycle in an easier and faster way. The user of this 2015, the HPG recorded the theft of 2,404 motorcycles
system will be notified through an alert once the motorcycle compared to the 1,562 stolen motorcycles during the same
has been moved in a long distance or stolen. The user also period last year (Dalizon, 2015). In the year 2015, the PNP
could view the current location of the motorcycle, shutdown recorded 8,203 cases of stolen motorcycles last November
the engine and capture an image of the thief. The system has 2015, the PNP-HPG recorded an average of 6.2 motorcycles
two components, the hardware and the software modules. The being stolen per day (Dalizon, 2016).
hardware component includes micro-controller, GSM, GPS,
Motorcycle theft indeed has become a big problem of the
and a camera. The software component is the mobile
community. Although, the authorities are said to be doing the
application, which is the medium of communication of the
best they can to stop these thieves, it still ranks high up in the
user to the motorcycle and also serve as the main controller of
list of crimes committed in the streets every day.
the entire system. Based on the evaluation conducted in terms
of usability and functionality it had been found out that most Security plays a vital role in today's society. Safety of vehicles
of the users strongly agreed the usefulness of the system. is extremely essential for every private and public vehicle
owner. For this reason, various security systems have been
Keywords: Micro-controller, GSM, GPS, Technology, Theft
carried out, but most of these security systems are expensive,
Prevention System
complicated and best suits to cars. Numerous car security
systems have been carried out to improve security system by
incorporating Biometric techniques such as Face Detection
INTRODUCTION
and Finger Print Detection (Pingat et. al., 2013). Other
Background of the Study security systems were equipped with a tracking system using
Global Positioning System (GPS) and have the capability to
Most of our daily activities take place outside our home.
shut down the engine of the vehicle remotely via a text
Because of this, transportation affects every aspect of our lives
message (Ramadan et. al., 2012). As for motorcycles, basic
especially in doing our daily routines such as going to work,
and affordable security system only gives siren indication and
school, mall, bank, gym, etc., and even back to our home.
will make a lot of noise that disturb people. But if the person
Without transportation, there are many activities we could not
is far from the motorcycle location he will not be able to hear
take part in. Transportation has contributed much to the
the alarm. Physical type counter measures are also used to
development of economic, social, political and cultural fields
prevent theft, such as padlocks, disk break lock and other
by uplifting their condition. In the Philippines, one of the easy
more which is a preventive action but it is not safe enough.
transportation today is the motorcycle and it has increasingly
becoming the most common means of transportation. One of the existing solutions for motorcycle napping available
in the market today is the Scorpio Ride “Core” Cellular
Motorcycle is one of the least expensive and a convenient
Motorcycle Alarm and GPS Tracking System. It uses iOS or
mode of transportation but unfortunately, it is easy to steal,
Android app and a module installed inside the bike. It sends a
easy to disassemble, and easy to ship as parts (McDono, C,
Short Message Service (SMS) alerts to notify the user for any
2011). As motorcycle industry went boom, motorcycle theft in

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tampering of the motorcycle. It has also the ability to track Shake sensor is used to detect movements and vibrations from
vehicle's location. This system does not have enough the motorcycle. The camera is used in the system to provide
preventive measures during theft attempt. the image-capturing technology. The engine immobilizer or
kill switch is used to immobilize the vehicle engine upon the
Due to these reasons, this study proposed to adapt the car
Alarm System activation to prevent thief from taking the
security system solutions to motorcycles. This study also
vehicle or by riding the vehicle. The hardware module will be
wished to develop and improve its functions to better suit its
installed inside the vehicle. The software module of the
purpose. This innovation of a vehicle security system has the
system is the mobile application, which will be the medium of
ability to turn off the vehicle engine and send real-time alerts
communication of the user to the vehicle and will also serve
to the vehicle owner. Thus, preventing the theft from taking
as the master control of the whole system.
the motorcycle. This security system also features the ability
to locate the motorcycle and image-capturing technology to
help ease stolen motorcycles search and recovery. This is
possible through the use of Global System for Mobile
communication (GSM), Global Positioning System (GPS)
Technology, sensors, system immobilizer and a camera. The
user controls the whole system using mobile application.
Figure 2. Alarm System Initiations of Motorcycle Theft
Prevention and Recovery Security System
METHODOLOGY
Figure 2, shows how the Alarm System initiates. Through the
System Architecture
mobile application, the user can activate or deactivate the
Alarm system remotely by sending text SMS. The commands
are encrypted to avoid unauthorized access of the system
using another phone. The sent SMS commands from the user
will be received by the GSM module. Upon the Alarm System
activation, the system obtains location coordinates (Latitude
and Longitude) of the vehicle and enables the engine
immobilizer or kill switch in order to avoid thief from riding
the vehicle. The only chance of taking the motorcycle is
through loading it to another vehicle. Therefore, the system
provides the vehicle's location and continually monitors or
checks and updates if there is a change of the vehicle's
location. The Shake sensor, Audible alarm, and Camera are in
standby mode.
Table 1. System parameters of Motorcycle Theft Prevention
and Recovery Security System

Notification Security Parameters

Figure 1. System Architecture of Motorcycle Theft Level
Prevention and Recovery Security System Emergency Level 0 Vehicle distance > 5m or distance
Figure 1, shows the System Architecture. The system is SMS specified by the user.
divided into two: Hardware and Software parts. The hardware Alert SMS Level 1 Vibration.
module of the system is embedded with Micro-controller,
Global System for Mobile (GSM), Global Positioning System
Table 1, illustrates the parameters to trigger the SMS
(GPS) technology, engine immobilizer or kill switch, a
notifications. For security level 1, vibrations detected from the
camera, and mobile application. Micro-controller serves as the
vehicle must be satisfied to trigger the system to send Alert
main control of all the operations of the hardware components.
SMS to the user notifying the user that the vehicle has
GSM module acts as an intermediate between the vehicle and
detected shakes and movements activities.
the owner, providing a two-way communication, and connects
the hardware and software modules of the system. It is also For the security level 0, if there’s a change in location of the
responsible for sending and receiving Short Message vehicle and had traveled a distance greater than 5m or by the
Service (SMS) and Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) to distance specified by the user, the system sends Emergency
and from the user. The GPS module is used to obtain the SMS to the user.
vehicle’s location coordinates (Longitude and Latitude).

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owner and vehicle information are fed into the system. The
vehicle owner can request for the vehicle's location, load
balance, battery status, and capture images. The system sends
notification to the vehicle owner when tampering in the
vehicle occurs. The vehicle owner can also send security
commands.

Figure 3. Theft Attempt Illustrations Use Case Diagram

Figure 3, illustrates that when the system detects tampering

and vibration in the motorcycle the security level is at level 1,
the user is notified via Alert SMS and prompted to activate
Emergency Mode or putting the security level at 0. On the
other hand, the vehicle location monitoring continually checks
for vehicle's location coordinates (Latitude and Longitude)
and calculates the change in distance, using the Haversine
formula, between the previous locations recorded during the
Alarm system initiation. If the distance comparison of two
coordinates is greater than 5m or distance specified by the
user, the security level will be at level 0 or in Emergency
Mode; it indicates that the vehicle has been moved from
where it was by unauthorized person or a thief. This will
Figure 5. Use Case Diagram of Motorcycle Theft Prevention
trigger the system to enable audible alarm, and capture images.
and Recovery Security System
Emergency SMS together with the captured images, and
location coordinates (Longitude and Latitude) will be sent by Figure 5, represents the user interaction with the system.
the GSM module via text SMS and MMS to a registered SIM There can only be one user in the system. The vehicle owner
number of the owner. The owner will receive the text SMS can login into the mobile application, activate/deactivate the
and MMS and will be fed into the mobile application to give a Alarm system, immobilize the vehicle, locate vehicle, capture
friendly Graphical User Interface. The location coordinates images, check load balance, and check battery status.
received by the user will also be parsed and fed into the
System Flowchart
mobile application. The user’s mobile phone must be first
connected to the internet or at least turned on GPS/GPRS
services to display vehicle location to a map via Google maps
API. During the Emergency Mode the system continually
sends the location coordinates (Longitude and Latitude) of the
motorcycle to the user every minute to give user the update of
the vehicle’s location. Also, the user can locate the vehicle
anytime. The commands being sent via SMS by the user are
encrypted. The data such as images, vehicle owner and
vehicle information, location logs and alert logs are stored
into the mobile phone’s local storage.
Context Diagram

Figure 4. Context Diagram of Motorcycle Theft Prevention

and Recovery Security System
Figure 6. System Flowchart of Motorcycle Theft Prevention
Figure 4, shows the general data flow of the Motorcycle Theft and Recovery Security System
Prevention and Recovery Security System. The vehicle

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Figure 6, illustrates the System flowchart which describes the Figure 8, shows the full circuit diagram of the system. The
flow of the processes in the system. researchers use the following hardware components: Arduino
as the main circuitry of this project where all other hardware
components being control. Arduino is powered by a 12V
Installation battery of the vehicle that is then regulated to 5V; GPS
module a geo-location technology that provides current
location coordinates in latitude and longitude is directly stack
into the Arduino. The communication between Arduino and
GSM module is serial. The connection of the Tx pin of GSM
module is connected to the Tx pin of Arduino and Rx pin of
GSM module to Rx pin of Arduino and Ground of GSM
module to Ground of Arduino. Camera module, it captures
images and stores the captured images in an SD Card module.
The Camera Rx pin is connected to the Arduino Rx pin, and
Tx pin is connected to the ArduinoTx pin. The camera is
powered by 5V source through the 5V pin of Arduino. The SD
card shield is directly stack into the Arduino. One pin of
vibration sensor is connected to Arduino Analog pin A0 and
the other to 5V pin; The buzzer is connected to Arduino pin 8
and the other to Arduino GND. Relay Module turns wide range
of devices on and off, both AC and DC.The vehicles ignition
coil is cut, one wire is connected to the NC (Normally Close)
Figure 7. Hardware Installation of Motorcycle Theft terminal of relay module and the other is connected to COM
Prevention and Recovery Security System (Common) terminal. In this connection, the state of the relay
when the power is off is Normally Closed. This allows spark
Figure 7, illustrates installations of the hardware module of
plugs to ignite the fuel allowing the motorcycle engine to start.
the system. The GPS, GSM, Audible Alarm, Shake Sensor,
Micro-controller including the power supply are installed into When the relay is powered on the close connection opens and
the flow of spark plugs to ignite the fuel is cut disabling the
the motorcycle’s U-box. The engine immobilizer and kill
motorcycle engine to start.The Ground terminal and VCC of
switch are installed and connected to the motorcycle ignition
Relay Module are connected to the Ground and 12Vof the
coil. The camera is installed into the speedometer of the
motorcycle’s battery.And the Pin 7 of Arduino is connected to
motorcycle.
the IN terminal of the Relay Module to turn the Relay Module
on and off.
Circuit Diagram
Implementation
The system design is divided into two parts. The Hardware
Module and Software Module.

Hardware Module
Micro-controller
Gizduino (Arduino Clone) is an open source computing
platform based on a simple input/output (I/O) board and the
use of standard programming language; in other words, it is a
tool for implementing a program one has designed or
developed. Gizduino is a program using the IDE (Integrated
Development Environment). With Serial RX-TX disable
switch. Atmega168P ICs are low power but it has the same
functions of ATmega168 IC.

GSM Module
Figure 8. Circuit Diagram of Motorcycle Theft Prevention
and Recovery Security System GSM Module is embedded in the motorcycle to establish
communication between the user’s mobile phone and the

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motorcycle. It requires a SIM (Subscriber Identity many programming languages and markup languages, and its
Module) card just like mobile phones to activate functionality can be extended by users with plugins, typically
communication with the network. It also contains community-built and maintained under free-software licenses.
(International Mobile Equipment Identity) number similar to
mobile phones for their identification. A GSM/GPRS MODEM
can perform the following operations: Google MAP API

1. Receive, send or delete SMS messages in a SIM. With the Google Maps Android API, the location coordinates,
longitude and latitude, obtain from the GPS Module in the
2. Read, add, search phonebook entries of the SIM. system will automatically be display in a mobile version of
3. Make, receive, or reject a voice call. Google Map on the user’s smart phone. The API automatically
handles access to Google Maps servers, data downloading,
map display, and response to map gestures. Google Maps API
GPS Module gives fast and convenient way of tracking motorcycle vehicles.
Global Positioning System (GPS) Module is an easy and
cost-effective device that accurately calculates geographical
location of the motorcycle vehicle by receiving information NI Multi-simulator
from GPS satellites. Global Positioning System GPS module Multisim simulation and circuit design software gives
is gizDuino (Arduino Compatible) Shield and has buffered engineers the advanced analysis and design capabilities to
UART serial I/O that allows it to be interfaced with any host optimize performance, reduce design errors, and shorten time
MCU operating within 3V to 5V range. to prototype. Intuitive NI tools result in saved printed circuit
board (PCB) iterations and significant cost savings. The
Multisim design approach helps the researchers optimize
Shake Sensor printed circuit board (PCB) in designing the hardware module
Piezoelectric sensor device that uses the piezoelectric effect, is of the system, which is very convenient, time and cost saving.
used in the system to detect shock, or force that possibly
caused by intruders tampering the motorcycle, by converting
them to an electrical charge. This device has a high sensitivity Arduino IDE
and is available at a very low cost. The open-source Arduino Software (IDE) makes it easy for
the researchers to write code for the control of the entire
system and upload it to the Arduino board. It runs on
Serial Camera Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux. The environment is written
Camera is installed in the system for image processing. The in Java and based on Processing and other open-source
serial camera module makes it very easy for the software. This software can be used with any Arduino board.
microcontroller circuits to add images captured for various
functions or applications. VGA 640x480 image resolution,
115kbps UART rate Testing
This study conducted various tests of the system in regards to
its functionality. This is to ensure that every function produces
Relay Module correct and accurate outcome according to the design
Has built-in driver that will allow micro-controllers and logic specifications of the system. The following are the test cases
devices to operate on relays without the need of additional executed to test the functionality of the system:
circuit elements. 1. Motorcycle is park; the Alarm system is on and the vehicle
ignition switch will be turn on using key or by kick start.
Software Module 2. Motorcycle is park; the Alarm system is on and the
Android Studio motorcycle vehicle will be move with a distance greater
than 5m or distance specified by the user.
Android Studio is the official Integrated Development
Environment (IDE) for developing for the Android Platform.
The developer uses the native mobile app development for Evaluation
this suits the need of the system. Usability
For the usability testing of the system, this study used the
Sublime Text Editor System Usability Scale (SUS) with 10-item questionnaire with
Is a cross-platform source code editor with a Python 5 levels of response options answered by 30 motorcycle users
application programming interface (API). It natively supports as the respondents of the study.

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Functionality location. This is possible through the use of Google maps API.
The evaluation of functionality of the study is answered by the
3 respondents to tie break their responses. In the survey if a
functionality gets 2 yeses responses out 3, it indicates that the Notifications
functionality of the system works properly.
Scenario 1 evaluates the functionality of the following: the
engine immobilizer or kill switch to prevent the engine from
turning on: obtaining location coordinates; the vibration
sensor in detecting shakes and movements; and if the system
sends Alert SMS to notify the user.
Scenario 2 evaluates the functionality of the following: the
vibration sensor in detecting movements; the system works in
obtaining location coordinates, and if the system calculates the
change in distance of the vehicle, sends Emergency SMS to
notify the user, enables the audible alarm and camera in Figure 11. Alert logs and Notifications
image capturing.

Figure 11, shows the different notifications received by the

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS user, and vibrations logs detected by the system.When the
Login and Registration motorcycle detects vibrations caused by tempering and
movement of the motorcycle, the user will automatically be
notified so that immediate response will be taken in action.
Also, if the vehicle travelled a distance greater than 5 meters
or distance specified by the user and Emergency notification
will be send to the user.

Hardware Interface

Figure 9. User, Vehicle Registration and Login form

Figure 9, illustrates the user inputs personal information;
create account for login credentials, together with the vehicle
information. The information is needed before the user can
use the system.
Mapping

Figure 12. Hardware Interface of Motorcycle Theft

Prevention and Recovery Security System

Figure 12, shows the interfacing of the hardware module of

the system. Each part is labeled with number. Number 1, is the
Figure 10. Location logs and Mapping Gizduino (Arduino Clone); number 2, Global Positioning
Figure 10, shows the location logs of the system and the System (GPS) module with the GPS antenna stack in
current location of the motorcycle. The location logs can be Gizduino; number 3, Global System for Mobile (GSM)
display to a map in a map or satellite view of the motorcycle module; number 4, Shake sensor; number 5, Buzzer; number 6,
Relay Module.

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System Usability activate Emergency Mode during

Table 2. Usefulness movements/tampering detected in the
motorcycle?

Mode Adjectival 8. Upon activating the Emergency Mode, does the √

Mean
system enables the alarm and sends the vehicles
1. I thought this mobile app was easy geographical location in latitude and longitude?
to use. 5 Strongly
Agree
2. I would imagine that most 9. The system gives the exact location of the √
motorcycle users would be able to use 5 Strongly motorcycle?
this mobile application for Motorcycle Agree
security. 10. Upon moving the vehicle, the system activates √
3. I found this mobile app very useful 5 Strongly the Emergency Mode if the vehicle passed a
for motorcycle owners. Agree distance greater than 5m or distance specified by
the user?
11. Does the system notify the user via Emergency √
Table 2, shows the respondents’ answer on the usefulness test SMS if the vehicle passed a distance greater than
of the mobile application that is connected to the hardware 5m or distance specified by the user?
module installed in the vehicle. The respondents strongly
agreed that the system can notify if there is any movement or 12. Does the system send the user the right message √
vibration detected in the vehicle and changes of the vehicle's or notification if the vehicle passed a distance
location. In addition, they agreed that the system can generate greater than 5m or distance specified by the user?
acquisition locations through map.
13. The system Capture images? √
System Functionality
14. The system sends the captured images to the √
Table 3. System Functionality user?

Functionality Yes No 15. The user can request for vehicles location? √
1. Is the system easy to install in the motorcycle? √
16. The system disables the engine immobilizer or √
2. The system enables engine immobilizer or kill √ kill switch upon the Alarm System Deactivation?
switch upon the Alarm System Activation?
3. The system monitors the change in location of the √
vehicle upon the Alarm System activation? Table 3, shows the overall result of the system functionality
test answered by 3 respondents. Most of the system
4. Does the engine immobilizer or kill switch work √ functionality meets the right output that corresponds with the
or does it prevents from starting the vehicles design of the research study. The discrepancy regarding with
engine by any means? the accuracy of the motorcycle location are caused by
atmospheric disturbances that distorted the signals.
Obstruction of high buildings, other large, solid objects and
5. Does the system notify user via Alert SMS for √
reflections of signals can also lead to GPS accuracy problems.
any movements/tampering detected in the
motorcycle?
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
6. Does the system send the user the right √
notification/message during Conclusion
movements/tampering detected in the With the gathered data and results, this study concludes that
motorcycle? the Motorcycle Theft Prevention and Recovery Security
System is a very helpful and effective measure to prevent
7. Does the system give the user the choice to √ motorcycle theft. The engine immobilizer or kill switch
feature and alarm system are very much useful to prevent thief

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from stealing motorcycles. In cases of motorcycles that are [3] Patilet. al. (2013). Design and Implementation of
completely taken, this study helps in the recovery through the Automotive Security System using
use of Global Positioning System (GPS) technology that ARMProcessor[Online].Available:
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01301_68.pdf
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system producing an interfaced hardware that corresponds [4] Pingatet. al. (2013). Real Time Smart Car Security
with the proposed hardware design of the study. The System by Using Biometrics [Online]. Available:
hardware module is in small size that allows the installation http://www.ijitee.org/attachments/File/v2i4/D057403241
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This study found some weak points in the system. The 7-v6-iss3-324-334.pdf
accuracy and the response of GPS depend on a wide variety of
[6] http://ridescorpio.com/ride
factors. Under excellent conditions with lots of satellites
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(GSM). The medium of communication depends on the m?fuseaction=display_arch&article_id=2420&issue_id=
cellular network coverage. Under some circumstances, there 72011
are delays on delivering and receiving of text SMS.
[9] Saini, R (September 2013). Graphical User Interface
Over all, the output results of the system meet the proposed Design Essentials & Process. [Online] Available:
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mber2013/V3I9-0232.pdf
[10] Micro, T (October 2, 2014). Threats and best practices.
Recommendations [Online] Available:
After a very careful, thorough research and analysis process, http://blog.trendmicro.com/data-encryption-threats-best-
here are some recommendations from the researchers in order practices/#
to enhance future works/study of this application. [11] Mobile Security Primer (November 26, 2014). [Online]
Available :
1. Make use of the other functional parts of the motorcycle
https://www.nowsecure.com/resources/secure-mobile-de
such as its horn and lights as an alarm or buzzer;
velopment/primer/mobile-security/
2. Create a web application for the mobile application to
[12] What Is a Mobile Threat? (n.d). [Online] Available :
sync alert logs and location logs and to back-up all the
https://www.lookout.com/resources/know-your-mobile/
information in the mobile application; and
what-is-a-mobile-threat
3. Create a mobile application for alternative online
monitoring and control of the system.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
[1] Ibrahim et. al. (2012). Microcontroller Based Anti-Theft
Security System Using GSM Networks with Text
Message as Feedback[Online].
Available :http://www.ijerd.com/paper/vol2-issue10/D02
101822.pdf
[2] Ramadan et.al.(2012). Intelligent Anti-Theft and
Tracking System for Automobiles[Online].Available:
http://www.ijmlc.org/papers/94-T043.pdf

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