Integrating Green Fuel into
Spark Ignition IC engine
Abdul Haseeb Khan
Muhammad Hussain
Muhammad Moiz
Muhammad Talha
Shanawar Shoukat
DE-42-ME-C
INTRODUCTION
Emissions and Environmental Impact
• Global demand for fossil fuels continues to rise, leading to increased
greenhouse gas emissions.
• The transportation sector is a major contributor to greenhouse gas
emissions.
• Initiatives like the European Union's Green Deal aim to achieve net-
zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050.
Alternative Fuels for Sustainability
• Alternative fuels like ethanol, methanol, biodiesel, propane,
natural gas, and hydrogen offer reduced emissions compared
to conventional fuels.
• Hydrogen is particularly promising for emissions-free
operation.
Production of Hydrogen Fuel
• Various methods such as coal and biomass
gasification, water electrolysis, steam
reforming, and photochemical water-splitting
are used to produce hydrogen.
• These methods reduce reliance on fossil fuels
and contribute to a carbon-neutral energy
cycle.
HYDROGEN AS FUEL
Hydrogen offers superior performance in spark ignition
High Energy Content internal combustion engines, surpassing traditional fuels like
gasoline, alcohol, methane, and propane. Combining
and Efficiency hydrogen with hydrocarbon fuels can enhance engine
efficiency and reduce specific fuel consumption.
Hydrogen is a clean fuel with a wide flammability range,
high RON, and zero carbon content. It helps mitigate
emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC),
Environmental Benefits making it an environmentally friendly alternative to
conventional fuels.
The low density of hydrogen poses a challenge, impacting
the energy density of the hydrogen-air mixture in engine
cylinders. Direct injection of hydrogen and increasing storage
pressure can optimize engine performance. Managing
Challenges and Solutions challenges like the risk of premature ignition and flashback is
crucial for successfully integrating hydrogen in internal
combustion engines, despite its potential for improving
thermal efficiency and reducing NOx emissions.
HYDROGEN IN SI ENGINE
Hydrogen possesses several advantageous properties for combustion
in spark ignition (SI) engines. Its fast flame
propagation, low ignition energy, and wide operating
range enable optimization and improvement of
the combustion process
Methods of Hydrogen Utilization in SI Engines
• Manifold Induction
• Direct Injection (DI)
• Hydrogen addition to gasoline
• Carburation Method Induction
• Port Fuel Injection (PFI)
Analysis
ITE Hydrogen-gasoline combine
Working of CMI, PFI and DI techniques
ENGINE MODIFICATIONS
Flame Arrester
Hydrogen Feeding System
Selection of Spark Plug
Lean Mixture Combustion
Combustion Chamber and Compression Ratio
Port Fuel Injection/ Direct Injection System
IMPACT OF HYDROGEN ON SI ENGINE
Efficiency and Performance Combustion Characteristics
• Higher Peak Values of Heat Release
• Improved Brake Thermal Efficiency Rate and In-Cylinder Pressure
(BTE) and Indicated Thermal Efficiency • Improved Combustion Stability
(ITE) • Enhanced Combustion Phases
• Reduced Fuel and Energy • Lower Exhaust Gas Temperature
Consumption • Advanced Ignition and Combustion
• Variable Power Output and Torque Timings
• Earlier Start of Combustion
CHALLENGES &
DRAWBACKS
BackFire
Despite its benefits, the use of hydrogen in
internal combustion engines carries a high risk of
backfire. Backfire can significantly deteriorate
engine performance and lead to various forms of
abnormal combustion, including knock and
preignition. These issues can cause mild to severe
engine damage
Backfire typically begin with preignition
Adjusting Fuel and Spark Timing
Operating on Lean Conditions
Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR)
HYDROGEN AS FUEL IN SI ENGINE
[Link]'s high flame speed and ability to combust at lean
mixtures improve combustion stability and efficiency in SI
engines.
[Link] its low density can reduce volumetric efficiency at higher
concentrations, the overall benefits in terms of power and
torque make it a promising alternative fuel.
[Link] research and development are needed to address
CONCLUSION
challenges and optimize hydrogen's application in internal
combustion engines for maximum efficiency and performance.
