We're sure we'll win. | VOCABULARY: READING: VOCABULARY: LISTENING: VOCABULARY: GRAMMAR: DIALOGS: GRAMMAR: WRITING: READING: BOOK 13 LESSON 1 A look at today’s sports page i: An interview after a basketball game... . Predicting a text's content from its title. . . Homonyms: Examining a word’s meanings . Identifying the topic . . . Coach Tom isn’t like most coaches... . . Using so and not to replace a THAT-clause . Using adjective +THAT-clause ..... . Expressing certainty and uncertainty... . Using superlative adverbs... 2.0... Editing a paragraph for text changes . . . . Reading faster for better comprehension . . i 14 16 16 19 22 25 29 30What's new in Lesson 1? NEW VOCABULARY Nouns. Verbs Other words coach beat — beat / beaten certain doubt believe certainly field coach farthest / furthest goal doubt for sure jump imagine most knot join positive match jump quite meaning kick so meter lose > lost / lost surely player match toward(s) point race uncertain practice score race suppose reporter tie (up) rope throw — threw / thrown score win > won / won shoelaces stadium string tie NEW GRAMMAR STRUCTURES LANGUAGE FUNCTION Do you think it’s going to rain today? ‘Ask about and express certainty and I think so, It’s very cloudy outside. Jane is sure (that) she'll win the tennis match. Sam ran the fastest of all the boys in the class. WAGEUBIANY. Wicca Do you think you did well on the test? No, I didn’t. I didn’t have enough time to read all the questions. Are you going to the beach tomorrow? I suppose go, but I'm not really sure. ‘AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSESports Page "The Flagwell Times ‘_FLAGWELL FIRE WINS! | Ricky Jones scores final goal Ricky Jones scored his team’s winning | goal again, and Flagwell fans saw their Hfavorite team win last night's soccer | game with a score of 2 to 1. | Without a doubt, Jones is a soccer | player with a great career ahead of him. | Hundreds of fans came to see Jones and | the hometown team, the Flagwell Fire, iplay the Jackson Jets, The fans were ‘certainly happy with the game they jsaw. | Jones received a well-placed pass from | teammate Tim Smith in the last minute | of play. He kicked it high over the goalie [into the right comer of the goal to score | the winning point. It was a great finish ito an exciting game between two very | strong teams. Flagwell’s stadium was {full and the home crowd was clearly eased with their team’s winning | season. BOOK 13 LESSON 1 The last time the two teams met, the | Fire lost to the Jets. That game's final score was 2 to 1. That's why Fire fans were quite nervous about last night’s match, Our Flagwell Times’ reporter | talked to Coach Travis after yesterday's! game. “Our players practiced hard and} were prepared to play excellent soccer. I think they did a great job,” the coach said. “I don't believe that we'll lose any’ more games this year. We played well} and beat the Jackson Jets tonight. | They've always been a hard team to] beat.” Looking ahead to next week, Flagwell Fire meets the Texas Stars on Saturday | at the Flagwell stadium. The Fire plans! to win, and the Texas Stars won't want to lose. Last night, the Stars tied with | the Lakeside Storm 1 to 1. Other games | around the country had these scores: The Stanley Smoke beat the Coronado Cats 3 to 1, and in the match between the Bryan Blades and Milehigh Wind, the Wind won 2 to 0. OUR READERS’ OPINIONS Flagwell fans’ favorites: 1. soccer 2. basketball 3. baseball 4. football Socceris the most popular sport among our readers, What sports are the most popular in} your city or country? i @| EXERCISE A | Match each item with its meaning. 1. towin a. to hit with the foot 2. totie b. to make points in a game or sport —— 3. tokick —. to have the same number of points 4. . toscore d._toget the greatest number of points | EXERCISE B | Match each item with its meaning. 1. acoach —_a._ a person who does a sport like soccer or football ___ 2. ateam —_b. a point a player scores in a game or match 3. agoal —_c. a person who teaches a team how to play a sport ___ 4, aplayer — d._a group of people who play together on one side in a game | EXERCISE C | Use the words in the box to fill in the blanks. kicked match certainly quite point stadium tied score Many soccer fans came to the ________ to watch the between the Flagwell Fire and the Jackson Jets. The game was_____________ exciting! The fans thought the Fire wasn’t going to win because the Jets_______the sore 1 to 1 five minutes before the end of the game. Then, Smith passed the ball to Jones. Jones the ball hard to score a second___________ to win the game. The final was 2 to 1. For the fans, this was the best game of the season! yy ‘AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSECheck (v) the statements that are true for you. | /~ Tlike to play tennis. > ~~ {don't like tennis. I like (“What about you? _/ (playing on a team, My favorite) NS / ¢ > sport is basketball. Ld 1, 1 like to watch sports on television. 2. Tlike playing on a team. 3. Lenjoy sports that I can do alone, like swimming and running. 4. My country’s national sport is soccer. 5. [have been a coach for a sports team. 6. [believe children should play sports in school every day. _____ 1. I think players on professional teams make too much money. Write 3 more statements about sports that are true for you. _| After you write 3 statements, discuss the items you checked in Exercise D and the statements you wrote below with your classmates. 100K 18 LESSON RT| Vocabulary | EAE) An interview after a basketball game Read the conversation about the game. There are three speakers: Max Ellis is the TV reporter, Hank Carter is the basketball player, and Brad Sims is the coach. Max: Hank: Coach Sims: Max: Hank: Hank, that was quite a game you just played! It’s nice of you to say that, Max, but we really need to thank my teammates and Coach Sims. I believe everyone on our team has worked very hard this season. ‘There’s no doubt in my mind that this team is the best group of players I have ever coached. This was a great game, and it's been a great season. In my opinion, we won this game because we've got a great team. Hank just joined our team this year, and he’s a wonderful player. But every one of the players comes to practice every day ready to work hard. Remember, basketball is a team sport. We can win when every player does his best. I was positive that this team could win tonight’s game, and they did a great job. Hank, let’s talk about tonight’s game. With only ten seconds left to play, the score was tied 101 to 101. The fans were calling, “Get the ball! Get the ball!” You jumped up in the air to catch the ball, raced down. the court towards the basket, and threw it in. Everyone in the crowd stopped talking, everybody was watching, and the ball went straight into the basket. Just then, the bell rang to end the game. That goal scored three points, and your team won. I imagine you felt wonderful. ‘Yes, as a matter of fact, I felt really good, Max. That was the farthest I have ever thrown the ball to make a basket. I truly doubted the ball could go in, but it did. Our team made 104 points, the most points we've ever scored in a game! Again, it was a great game, Hank, and thanks to both you and Coach Sims for taking time to talk to us this evening. ‘AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSEEGE Answer the questions. 1, What is Max's profession, and what is he talking to the two men about? 2. Who is the team’s coach, Hank Carter or Brad Sims? 3. What is the coach's opinion of his basketball team? 4. How long has Hank Carter been on Brad Sims’ team? 5. What does the coach believe must happen if a team wants to win? 6. How much time was left in the game when the score was tied at 101? 7. Hank threw the ball a long distance to score the last basket. Is this the farthest he’s ever thrown a ball to make a basket? 8. Did Hank's team beat the other team? 9. What was the final score of the game? BEGEEESIEN Match the beginning of the sentence with the best ending. _ We beat: a. every day? — Our team scored b. Tim's twice this month. Do the players go to practice c. 84 points. This week, Sally has thrown the ball d. the Fire 3 to 1 today. SP ee John’s team has beaten e. the farthest. EGS Match the beginning of the sentence with the best ending. 1. Roddy kicked a. and caught it again. 2. Mary coached b. the Thunder 55 to 55. ___ 8. The Stars tied c. each other towards the goal. 4. The players raced d. the girls’ soccer team. _—__ 5. Did the team win e. a goal to win the game! ——— 6. The boy threw the ball up in the air f._ the match? BOOK 13 LESSON? ~ ae)EEG Write sentences with the new phrases above. Cross out the word that doesn’t go with the center word. wr amatch a match a match match a match Number 1 is an example. the new phrases you can make with the words above. _| a ball a ball a ball a ball a ball practice player doubt | SOCCER team. coach, stadium 3. asoccer asoccer a soccer a soccer a soccer 1, | went to soccer practice at school yesterday afternoon. 7s 2 BS ‘AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSERaz (aI Predicting a text's content from its title THETITLE ... vis the first thing we see or hear about an article, a book, a movie, or a song. v canbe a sentence, phrase, or a single word. v has special punctuation: * capitalize the first word, the last word, and all major words. + don't capitalize words like a, an, the, and, or, but, to, from, in, on. + don’t end with a period, but do end with a question or exclamation mark. FE GOSS Revrite these titles with correct punctuat 1. foods americans like to eat 2. understanding your car's guarantee Eames Read a title. Circle information that might be in the text. More than one answer is possible. 1. Dangerous Sports in the USA why some sports are dangerous the number of players on a team the number of people who get hurt each year aegp why people in some countries play sports 2. The Cost of Hunting Weapons the best place to buy hunting weapons keeping your weapon under lock and key how to make your own weapon peop the high price of weapons BOOK 1 LESSON ==[RH Read the title. Select questions the text might answer More than one answer is possible. 1. AStudent’s First Day at a Language School a. What time does class start? b. When is the lunch break? ce. Who will coach the soccer team? 2. City Baseball Team Loses First Game a. What was the score at the end of the game? b. How many games has the team lost? c. Can you use vending machines during the game? 3. How to Get a Driver's License a. What kind of test must a new driver take? b. What kind of car will I drive to the testing office? c. Where can I get a book to study the rules of the road? EE GSS Fead a title. write two or three things the text might say. 4 i Sports in the Military Soccer -AWorld Sport Teamwork Is Important 10 ‘AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSEVocabula Homonyms: Examining a word’s meanings “Does the word ») { tiehavetwo / meanings? — J Look at the pictures and read the sentences. | ¢ John took off his jacket and loosened the knot of his tie ‘The man put on his shoes and started to tie his shoelaces. One shoelace broke. He took a piece of string and used it to tie that shoe. BOOK 13 LESSON 1 /~ Well, it’s a homonym. ~ —~" Homonyms are words that sound the same but have different meanings. Sometimes they look the same, too.I mean} we spell them the same way. In / fact, tie has more than / two different meanings. ‘The dog always ran away, so the man tied it up with a rope jump. Two men each jumped 1.7 meters. They tied for the highest jump.field (n.) 1. an area of land in the country where people keep animals or grow fruits and vegetables: The farmer was working in the field. 2.an area of ground marked for a game or sport, for example, soccer or baseball: The teams took the field and the game began. 8.a subject or area of study or work: Patrick wants to study math because it is a field that is interesting to him. goal (n.) 1.in sports, the place or marked area at the end of a sports field that a player must kkick, hit, or pass the ball through to score a point: The soccer player kicked the ball into the goal. 2. in sports, when a player kicks or hits a ball into the goal area and scores the point or points: Andy Denson scored two goals for Team USA. His team won 2tol. 3. something a person plans or hopes to do in the future: My goal is to speak Spanish well. I'm certain that I'll be able do it! match (n.) 1.a small piece of ‘wood or paper that a person can use to start a fire or light a cigarette: I need a match to start the fire. 2. in sports, a match is another word for a game between two (or more) people or two teams: In tennis yesterday, Dan Peters won his match with Rob Green. The final score was 6-8, 4-6, 6-4. The two men HOMONYMS played 29 games to decide the best player in this match. 3. something that looks the same or very similar to something else: / bought you another cup. It’s a match for the one I broke last week. 4, two things, for example clothes, that look nice together because they are similar or have the same colors: I don’t know if the furniture in my house and the paint I bought for my walls are going to be a good match. ——(v.) 6. when two or more things are or look the same, they match: Your socks don’t match, One is blue, and the other is black. You should wear two blue socks that match each other. 6. when two or more things look nice together because they have something similar, like color, they match: Her scarf matches her gloves beautifully. 7. to find a person or thing that goes together with another person or thing: Match the word in the left column with its meaning in the right column, point (n.) 1. what players score and count in sports and games to decide who is the winner: Sam Miller scored 16 points for New Mexico University in last night's game with Texas State University. —(v.) 2. to hold out a finger, a hand, or a thin object like a pencil to make another person look at something: She pointed to the window and said, “Look, a storm is coming.” ‘AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSErite the number of its definition. Look at the page on the left. Scan to find the word and the meaning it has in the sentence below. Number 1 is an example. 2 1, Our soccer team beat the Texas Stars by 3 goals. 2. Clark’s new job is in the field of international business 3. Coach Tom prepared his team for the last match of the season. ___ 4, Dallas lost their final game by only one point. __ 5. The crowd became very excited as the players ran out onto the field. 6. What kind of goals do you have for your career? 7. You should change that tie. It doesn’t match the shirt you're wearing. ______ 8. When you go to the store, could you please get me a box of matches? | EXERCISE B | Read sentence pairs. Find one word that goes in both blanl tied match goal field point 1. Argentina’s team finished one ___ ahead. Babies ______ to things they want when they are very young. 2. My______is to go to medical school and become a doctor. ‘The team scored one _____in the first half of the match. 3. Meg wants to study in the _____ of mathematics at the university. ‘The children are playing soccer in an open _______ near the school 4, Our team___ the Jets 7 to 7. She ___ the string around the package. 5. Ineed a___ to make a fire. I'm looking for a tie that will ______ this shirt BOOK 13 LESSON tI ; z= z : a Identifying the topic THE TOPIC ... V is the subject of the paragraph v_is a word or phrase. Earn Listen and circle the letter that best identifies the topic. 1. a, Rules and signs b. Summer fun c. Safe swimming d. How to swim 2. a. Children’s sports b. Asports doctor's job ©. Accoach's advice d. School teams 3. a. Children’s doctors b. Television and children c. Tired children d. Free time for children give your opinion. Yes, I do. I'd like each school to ~ \ 7 Do you think / give swimming lessons. In fact, that everyone should ) ( Tstrongly believe that children \Jearn how to swim? / have to be able to swim by the —_/ ~ time they’re 8 years ol ‘AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSERei TE) ia’aa Coach Tom isn’t like most coaches. Kate: Mike: Kate: Mike: Kate: Mike: EEG Check the bi Write your own question for Number 8. Ask your partne 2. ... soccer is more exciting than tennis? 3. ... your country has the best soccer players? 4. ... sports are more interesting than books? 5. ... books are more interesting than movies? 6. ... your country is the most beautiful in the world? 7. ... English grammar is difficult to learn? 8 2 .. tennis is easy to play? Look at those clouds! I'm certain it'll rain. Do you suppose we'll have swim team practice today? T believe so. Coach Tom won't let a little wind and rain stop us. Surely if it rains hard, he'll end practice early. I imagine so. But Coach Tom isn't like most coaches. He won't stop until a storm gets close, We have some very important races tomorrow. So what's the problem? Well, I need to call my mom on my cell phone to tell her what time to pick me up after practice, but I'm uncertain about the time. Just wait until practice starts, and call her when you know. opinion. BOOK 13 LESSON 1ca co Using so and not to replace a THAT-clause ~VVV oe I believe that ES came to work. 1h haven't seen ee Sam today. Did ie 4 Veo come to work? *) = me ( Teetieve amy ©) L it *% Instead of repeating information in a THAT-clause, use so after words like believe, guess, hope, imagine, suppose, and think, Rewrite the responses using so. Number 1 is an example. 1. A: Thaven’t seen Sam today. Did he come to work? B: [ believe (that) he came to work. | believe 60. 2. A: Does Bill have a sister? B: I think (that) Bi ister. 3, A: The garden looks so dry. Is it going to rain today? : L hope (that) it is going to rain. @ 4, A: Ijust saw the mail truck. Did the mail come? : imagine (that) the mail came. » 5. A: It’s after 8 a.m. Has John left for work? : T suppose (that) John’s left for work. @ 6, A: Ray looks tired. Did he play tennis yesterday? I guess (that) he played tennis yesterday. _ = "AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE“Touppose not. >) Idon't think so, Tm too busy. _/ | J don't believe s0. I don't imagine so. ? V I don’t suppose s0. + T hope not. 2 I guess not. I suppose not: % suppose not is more common than | don't suppose so. Number 1 is an example. 1. Do you think that the book quiz will be hard? Lhope not. (hope) 2. Will your son go to California again this summer? (believe) 3. Are you and Ann still going to buy a new car? : (suppose) 4, Max has been sick. Will he play in tonight's match? (guess) 5. It’s a long drive to Dallas. Will Barry and Gloria get there before dark? (imagine) 6. Al looks tired. Does he still want to go to the movie with us? _ (suppose) 7. Do you need to go to the dentist? (hope) BOOK 13 LESSON nm| EXERCISE C | In pairs, ask and answer these question: Respond using the verbs in the box and 80 or not. Will the weather be pleasant tonight? Will it rain tomorrow? Are you going to study tonight? Are you going to relax this weekend? . Will you ever travel to New York City? Will you ever drive a race car? Spe FS PP . Will you ever enjoy grammar? Are you going out tonight? I believe so. Tve been studying all week. I don’t imagine so. Thave to study. Y z= "AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE Will you pass the test tomorrow?Using adjective + THAT- clause I'm sure I put the cookies ‘es \\_ on the table. [= certain | | (that) | |Iput the cookies on the table. | | positive & ‘We rarely use that when speaking. ESGRSG EEE Complete the sentences with your opinio 1 that it will rain tomorrow. 2 _____ the weather will be terrifie next weekend. 3 _ it won't snow tonight. 4 _____ I'll pass the book quiz easily. Tl exercise for more than 10 hours this month. 6 that I'll read more than 25 books this year. orite sports team will win this year. EE BOOK 13 LESSON 1“Are you positive was green? yr \ Mark the place where that could go. Number 1 is an example. 1. Are you suryou're all right? 2, Are you certain it's going to rain tonight? 3. We're positive we'll win the game, 4, Tm not positive you can smoke here, 5. Are Bob and Al sure there are lots of fish in this lake? 6. Is Julie certain she passed the test yesterday? 7. Tm not sure the boss will let you take a vacation next week 8. The writer is positive his article does not have any mistakes, 9. The police are sure the young man caused the terrible accident, 10. Are medical professionals certain Americans eat too much fast food? zw a ANERICAN LANGUAGE COURSEBEG Rewrite the sentences into one sentence. Number 1 is an example. 1. We won't fail this course. We're sure. We're sure (that) we won't fail this course. 2. There was a meeting at 3 o'clock. Was Mary certain? 3, Tcan finish my work on time. I'm positive. 4, The sergeant mailed the letters. Are you sure? 5. Lt York had an accident. The captain isn’t sure. 6. Our son hasn’t saved enough money to buy a car. We're positive 7. The customer wanted a refund. The manager was certain. 8. Your relatives don’t want to visit us this year. Are you sure? 9. The new cashier took the money. Are the police positive? 10. Tcan make it to your office at 2 p.m. I'm not certain. BOOK 13 LESSON 1 _ zmLa log fag Expressing certainty and uncertainty 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 1 Workers ages 18-25 say what's most important in a job. Wwoney HOURE/ WEEK WORK CUMATE TRAVEL TE 9089 / WORKER VACATION TE Read the dialog below with a partner. Read the dialog again and underline the phrases expressing certainty and uncertainty. Steve: Mark: Steve: Mark: Steve: Mark: Hi, Mark. I haven’t seen you in a long time. I wasn’t certain that you were still here at the university. Are you finishing your studies this spring? Yes, I'm graduating this year for sure. My father says I need to find a job soon. Business is my field of study, but I'm uncertain about the kind of job Td like to have. What about you? I’m looking for work, too. I may decide to work for one of my uncles. It would be a very interesting job, but I'm not really positive that I want to work for a relative, There’s a lot to think about for sure. What do you mean? Well, this is what I am sure of. I know that I want to work for a business that will help me get ahead in my career. I don’t believe that money is the most important thing in a job. I'd like to work with nice people who are interested in the work they do, and I won't mind working long hours if the work is interesting. Great! You know what you want. Then what are you not sure of? Well, I doubt that Td like to be tied to the clock. I don’t want a job that makes me sit at a desk eight hours a day. Where I work is certainly also important. I'm uncertain about how far I'd like to drive to work. I doubt that I want to drive much more than 20 miles each way. The furthest I will drive is 25 miles each way. My uncle's company is that far from my home. Steve, you should really think hard about the job your uncle’s offering you. Td surely like to have it. I guess that it’s time I started thinking about, what I want in a job. ‘AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSEFECES Listen and check (V) the six phrases you he: I wasn’t certain that vor T'm uncertain about T imagine so. I suppose not. I'm not really positive that without a doubt for sure what I am sure of SEA earae we Tm certain that 10. T'd surely like PEG ee Fead Steve's statements again and answer the questions. Number 1 is an example. 1. What does Steve say about working for a relative? He's not really positive that he wants to work for a relative. 2, What does Steve say about the money he needs to earn on the job? 3. What does Steve say about working long hours? 4, What does Steve say about working at a desk job for eight hours every day? 5. What does Steve say about driving to work? BOOK 13 LESSON 7 - — eeWrite statements about what’s important for you in Use the phrases in Exercise A to write about workplace and career choices you think are important. Look at the topic in each box. Tell what you are certain and uncertain about. MONEY HOURS A WEEK INTHE OFFICE Things I'll be certain or uncertain about when I look for a job in my career field. ‘TRAVEL TIME FROM HOME TO OFFICE WORK CLIMATE BEST interview a partner. Fill out the questionnaire with the answers. QUESTIONNAIRE: What's important for you in a job? Place an X in the correct column. Yes No Not sure 1. Lots of money 2. Work schedule of 40 hours a week 3. Pleasant office or nice workplace 4, Office or workplace close to home 5. To be my own boss 6. Lots of vacation time zw "AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSEetc Using superlative adverbs Rick runs Matt runs Jim runs fast. D faster than Jim. > the fastest. > Se ~ Jim runs fast. Rick | runs | faster than | Jim. Matt. | runs | the fastest | (ofall). Sosa Then circle the verbs they describe. Number 1 is an example. . Paul studies harder than Ann. Pete Gtudic Lt Long traveled farther than Lt Kane. Lt Lee traveled the farthest. epee . Ted is walking slower than Gary. Ben is walking the slowest of all. = . Lt Wells arrived at work later than Lt Dale. Lt Lane arrived the latest of all. . Pat will graduate sooner than Beth. Tom will graduate the soonest. . Meg drew a line straighter than Jake, Bob drew a line the straightest. Sid climbed higher than Grant. In fact, Sid climbed the highest of all. SBAgna . Mr. Watt left the meeting earlier than Mr. Mills, but Mr. Peters left the meeting the earliest of all. BOOKISLESSONT ee 2 |FEEECESEEN Complete the chart with comparative and superlative adverb: 1. straight _ straighter than __ the straightest _ For most short adverbs > add -er or -est 2. fast 3, slow 4. high 5. low 6. soon *For adverbs that end 7. hard be ina silent -e: ; > drop the -e 8, near > add-er or est 9 10, early earlier than Far (2 f a ee 11. far farther than ___ > add-er or -est farther than | EXERCISE C | Write the correct forms of the adverbs. 1. near Sam lives to the school than Jeff, but I live the 2. low Can helicopters fly the of all, or can airplanes fly____ than helicopters? 3. soon Who will graduate than Mike? Will Mike graduate the 2 4. high Gary climbed than Dan last year. ‘Tim climbed the —_ _of alll. 5. hard I didn’t think anyone worked than Bob, but Sue said she worked the s 6. straight Joe can shoot his rifle the of all the hunters, ay ‘AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSEBerea Read the chart. Listen and write Y for yes or N for no. 12m 50m 47m 41m 45m 11.47 sec. | 12.1 sec. | 12.14 sec. | 11.46 sec. sec. = seconds a 2. 3. L____. 4. 8. Use the information in the chart above. Then ask another student. Number 1 is an example. 1. @ Who jumped the lowest in the high jump? A. Tom jumped the lowest. — 2 Q a BOOK 18 LESSON =mTalk about these questions in groups. Then, report to the class. Write your own questions for Number 5 and Number 10. Ofall the students in your group 1. ... who has traveled the farthest to get to this school? 2. ... who can run the fastest? 3. ... who can swim the farthest? 4, ... who has climbed the highest? BE ce TI een Of all the vehicles in the world 6. ... which one can go the fastest? 7. ... which one can fly the highest? 8. ... which one can fly the furthest without extra gas? 9. ... which one can go the deepest in the ocean? 10. ... which Em "AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE| wi ee Editing a paragraph for text changes Read Paragraphs 1 and 2. They are very similar, but in Paragraph 2, the writer changed I to he, Pronouns and verbs also had to be changed. The writer underlined all the changes. Paragraph 1: Love to play soccer. Sometimes I play with my friends after work. [believe that soccer is good exercise for me. Lknow that it helps me stay in shape, and it also relaxes me after a long day at my desk. Idon’t play for a long time each evening, but Lmake sure that Lplay every chance I get Paragraph 2: __He loves to play soccer. Sometimes he plays with his friends after work. He believes that soccer Is good exercise for him. He knows that it helps him stay in shape, and it also relaxes him after a long day at his desk. He doesn't play for a long time each evening, but he makes eure that he plays every chance he gets. Change the subject and rewrite the paragrapl Change the subject from we to she. Make any other changes necessary. We often sing in the music program at the university. We think it's entertaining, and we enjoy it very much. Many of our friends also believe that it is good because the program’s selection offers a wide variety of music. We're glad our friends invited us to go with them. BOOK 13 LESSON 1 - znRa s(ZI Reading faster for better comprehension Listen for instructions. Your teacher will tell you when to start. You will have I minute to read the paragraph. After reading, answer the questions below without looking at the paragraph again. 1. What does foolish mean? It’s a person who. a. doesn’t think before doing something b. doesn't want to break a city’s laws c. likes to do things in a different way This newspaper wrote about a man who is from a____ the newspaper office. a. town near b. country far from c. state that isn’t near ‘The man wanted to for the cigarettes a. pay cash b. write a check ©. use a credit card ‘The cashier gave the man almost a. three thousand dollars b. thirteen dollars c. three hundred dollars The police caught the man easily because a. he gave his information to the cashier b. the police saw him drive too fast ¢. the cashier described the man’s face The writer of this article thinks that the man is 7 a. cautious b funny ©. careless zw ~ AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSEMaterials people use VOCABULARY: Materials Lackland Air Foree Base recycles. How to count materials Recycling at home GRAMMAR: Jsing compound nouns VOCABULARY: Shopping for jewelry with only $75 to spend READING: Summarizing a paragraph orally VOCABULARY: A man-made material that’s easy to care for GRAMMAR Using could to politely ask permission DIALOGS: More ways of asking permission GRAMMAR: Modal review . READING: Writing summariesLea What's new in Lesson NEW VOCABULARY Nouns plastic Verbs ashtray polyester allow bracelet ring appreciate chain rock be made (up) of copper rubber could cotton silk do + did / done over diamond silver owe earrings stone pay ~ paid / paid back glass ‘wool put — put / put out gold throw — threw / thrown away iron Other throw — threw / thrown out jewelry away wake + woke / woken up leather fond (af) leave man-made material natural metal past necklace nylon NEW GRAMMAR STRUCTURES Could I leave early today? Yes, you can. No, you can't. Meet me at the train station. Ea "AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSEVocabula la’ag Materials Lackland Air Force Base recycles Lackland Air Force Base is a large military base in San "PLASTIC Antonio, Texas. The Lackland Recycling Center does an ¥ important job for people living and working on base. The thousands of people who work and live there use many different materials every day. After people use these materials, they throw them away or recycle them. ‘The base collects hundreds of pounds of differentmaterials that people throw out. The Recycling Center divides the recyclable materials by type, washes them, and then sells them to civilian companies. It collects materials like paper, glass, plastic, metal, rubber, rock, and stone. ‘The largest amount of material recycled by the Lackland Recycling Center is cardboard. Boxes are made of cardboard, which is a very heavy, strong paper, that is usually brown in color. Almost everything that Lackland AFB buys comes ina box. That is why more than half the material Lackland recycles is cardboard. ‘The Recycling Center sells most recycled materials to civilian companies outside the military. 'The materials these companies buy most often are recycled paper, glass and plastic bottles, empty metal cans, old rubber tires, and newspaper. These companies take the items and use them to make other things. For example, iron, which is a strong, hard metal, is used by factories to make machine parts. ‘The Lackland Recycling Center can’t sell some materials because civilian companies can’t use them. Ammunition, which is made of metal, is one of them. The Recycling Center cuts it into very small pieces. Then, this metal is used to make ammunition agaii Certainly, the Lackland Recycling Center does very important work for the people who live and work on the Air Force Base. It also makes sure the base doesn’t throw out material that someone may be able to use again BOOK 13 LESSON 2FEES Discuss these questions first, and then write the answers. 1. FEGRCSSEER Listen and select the topic. 1. What do people at Lackland AFB do with things after they've used them? Why does Lackland AFB have a recycling program? ‘Name five materials people recycle at Lackland AFB. How does the Recycling Center prepare bottles and cans for recycling? How do companies and factories use recycled iron? Lackland AFB recycles ammunition. What is ammunition made of? Can the US military sell metal from ammunition to civilian companies? Which material does Lackland AFB recycle the most? Does your city or town have a recycling program? Describe it. a. writing different materials b. wrapping things in paper c. materials for making paper a. wrapping up boxes b. washing different materials ©. recycling at home a. colors b. plastic c. materials ‘AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE300K 13 LESSON 2 Read each paragraph. Name the mater descri 1. People use this material to write on. It can be made from wood, but other materials can also be used to make it. Hundreds of years ago, it was made from the skins of animals. Today, factories sometimes make it from recycled newspapers and old clothes w Every day we use many things made of this material. It’s light and strong. It can be hard or soft. When you heat it, you can easily change its shape. ~ . This is a hard material that you can see through. It comes in many colors, but windows made of it usually have no color. Bottles are frequently clear, green, or brown. 4. Car tires are usually made of this material. A tire is a thick ring that fits around the edge of the wheel of a vehicle. 5. This is a metal people find in the ground. Factories heat it and put it together with other metals to make it stronger and harder. ‘They can use it to make strong parts for cars and buildings. 6. There are many different kinds of this material that you can find in the earth. All over the world, countries use it used to make coins. Pennies, nickels, dimes, and quarters are made of it. 3 . This is a hard material that covers parts of the earth. You can pick up a small piece of it on the ground next to a river or in a field, but you can also find large amounts of it in one place. The tops of some mountains are completely made up of this material. 8. There is another hard material that we can find in the ground. It is often used for buildings like houses and office buildings. Stairs on the outside of houses are also frequently made of this. Some pieces of this material are very beautiful and can be used in jewelry. 9. BONUS: This material is made from the skin of animals. We have to prepare the skin in certain ways to make it soft and also to make it last a long time. We use this material to make things like purses, wallets, shoes, and belts.Berea Read the sentences. Write T for true and F for false. _— 1. Ironis a metal used in cars. ___ 6. Good tires are made of metal. 2. Paper can be made of stone. ____7 You cannot recycle rubber. 3, Allmaterials are man-made. ____ 8. People can recycle old tires. 4, All stoves are made of plastic. ____ 9. Throw away means throw out. 5. You can find rocks in the ground. ___ 10. Money is made of glass. | EXERCISE E | Fill in the blank with a word from the box. You may use a word more than once. Roe ee we . Tables and chairs are usually ______ of wood. . Glass is a hard ___ that you ean see through. When people finish using a newspaper, they usually ____ it away. Drinks come in bottles which can be made of, or ‘A material that factories can use to make the bottoms of boots ii . We use metal coins for money, but the bills we use are made of Furniture can be made of many different kinds of material, for example, 4 , and . If a_____hiits your car window when you're driving, the window will break. "AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSERevi (TIETAgE How to count materials Lots of things are made of more than one kind of material. Look at your pen. It’s probably made of plastic and metal. It has ink inside it. Look around the classroom. Find things made of just one or mostly one material. Write them in the chart. The word window is an example. GLASS PAPER | PLASTIC | METAL | WOOD window “Most materials are noncount nouns. In order to count a material, place in front of it a measurement word, container, or form of the material that you can count. j se paper ia) ‘paper a pound of | plastic a piece of a'sheet of | ‘plastic MSs Read and underline phrases that allow you to count the pap. Jim: Can I borrow some paper from you? Anne: I don’t think I brought much paper. Let me check to see how many sheets of paper I have. I’m sorry, but I left my big notebook at home. I have only a few pieces of white paper with me. I also have several pieces of blue paper, but I doubt that you want that color. Jim: I don’t need much, just some for writing down new information. I can use any color since it’s for my own notes. If you don’t mind, you can just give me two sheets of blue paper. I'd really appreciate it. Anne: No problem, I'll use the blue ones. You can have these two pieces of white paper. I have to leave early today because I have an appointment. I certainly won't be using much paper during this class, Jim: ‘Thanks a lot. I guess I owe you a few sheets of paper now. I'll pay you back the next time we have class. BOOK 16 LESSON =a| Vocabulary | ABE) laa Recycling at home When people want to recycle paper, plastic, glass, and metal at home, they have to collect the materials they have used. They put the bottles, cans, and newspaper they want to recycle into plastic bins or cardboard boxes. Sometimes they write the name of the material on the outside of the bin or box. Then everyone in the family knows where to put their recycling. In some towns and cities, people have to deliver the materials they've collected to arecycling center. In other places, people can put out their recycling in front of their houses, and the city’s recycling truck will pick it up. Once a week, they carry out their bins and put them next to the street. On that day, a collection truck drives past to pick up and take away the recycling they've collected. Every week, people repeat these steps and do them over again. First, they collect recycling materials. ‘Then, they divide them by type. Finally, they put out their bins or boxes. Sometimes people forget to put their bins out. If the sound of the truck wakes them up and they're quick, they can still put out the things they need to throw away. But if they’re late, the truck driver won't see any bins, and he'll drive past and not stop. Then, they'll have to wait for the next recycling collection date. EEROSaEW Answer these questions with your clas 1. What things do people throw away that they can recycle? 2. How do people collect the things they want to recycle? 3. Where do people put out recycling for pick up by the city? 4, How often does city recycling collection usually take place? 5. . Ifa city does not pick up recycling, where can people take the things that they need to throw out? 6. In your home, what happens to the different materials you can recycle? im ‘AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSEinterview a classmate. Check (v) each YES answer. Sara) RECYCLING IN YOUR COUNTRY — WHO DOES IT: COUNTRY LOCATION| pecroune RECYCLING RECYCLING RECYGLING _NORECYCLING ae ‘ATHOME —INSCHOOLS = ATTHE—-ONMILITARY | MATERIAL ~~ WORKPLACE BASES CARDBOARD | PAPER | PLASTIC | METAL ROCK OR STONE | woop | oTHeR: —___ | 2 {siete Report what your partner said about recycling in his country. ¥ Who did you talk to, as , and h does his si country recycle’ I talked to Karl, He said country recycle? , — 2 every house in Germany must recycle all material v made of paper, glass, plastic, and metal. BOOK 13 L| EXERCISE D | Fill in the blanks with words from the box. ee . David needs to _____ some work he did for his boss yesterday. The boy____the chewing gum because he didn’t want it. Ted _____hiis wife in the morning because she sleeps so deeply. . Every morning, Susan___her eat because she doesn’t like to leave it in the house when she’s at work. . On Saturdays, Jim______old magazines. . Children like to__small stones and play with them. . Stan has_____hiis children late every morning this week because his alarm clock broke. . Last week, Julia played very loud music and____ the neighbors. . It's only 9 a.m., and Ray has already ________ today’s newspaper. =m ‘AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSEUsing nouns as modifiers baseball a glove a baseball glove Ss ‘The first noun in a compound noun Is always singular: baseball glove. J® plays baseball. He's a baseball player. He plays the game on a large field. Part of the field is in the shape of a diamond (©). Each corner of the baseball diamond has a base with a player who stands near it. dim plays on a baseball team with eight other players. A baseball game is between two teams with nine players on each team. Each team tries to hit a baseball. If a player hits it, he then tries to run around the four bases of the baseball diamond before the other team can return the ball or touch him with the it. Jim always wears a baseball cap when he plays baseball. When it’s his turn to hit the baseball, he uses a bat made of a piece of wood that’s about 3% feet long. Some players use baseball bats made of metal, but Jim likes wood. When his team is catching instead of hitting, he uses a large baseball glove made of leather to catch the ball. Baseball is Jim’s favorite sport. He’s a good player and enjoys it. & “You can use several nouns together to mean one thing, for example: a /eather baseball glove, a plastic salad fork. EEGEESLM Complete the sentences with noun + noun from the text. 1. Baseball teams play the game on a Jim likes to wear his ~~ He hits the ball with a 4. A baseball player uses a leather on his head when he plays. made of wood. ____ to catch the ball. 5. BONUS: What do we call the uniform the players wear? BOOK 1S LESSON2 oFEGRCSSIEN Write noun compounds and noun + noun. Turn to the page before this one. Read the four ~~~agraphs again. Number 1 is an example. i. 2. 3. 4, baseball 5. 6. 7. 8. Eee Fill in the blanks with noun + noun. a EEG Work with a partner. Write seven more. The store next door sells shoes. It’s a Cindy takes classes at night. She takes This lesson is about grammar. This is a The machine in the hall makes ice. It’s an Alordered soup. He needed a spoon to eat it. He asked for a Mark likes stores that give discounts. He likes Henry has an ache in his stomach. He has a This paper gives you the news. Read the There are more words than you need, and you may use some words more than once. Numbers 1 and 2 are examples. air stop 1, cookbook bus card , ae oa 2, library book credit room, 3. bath book i library oh plane — dining driver 5. movie account 6 bank laces shoe ticket 7 cook station 8 gas hall a "AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSEVocabula ta’ Shopping for jewelry with only $75 to spend | Lt Barnes: Good afternoon, ma’am. You have some beautiful bracelets in your store window. Could I see them? Clerk: You certainly may. Our bracelets are made of gold, silver, or copper. Lt Barnes: My mother’s very fond of gold. She likes to wear it a lot. Could you show me the gold bracelets? I plan to give her jewelry for her birthday, Clerk: Take a look at this one. It’s a chain with ten diamonds. It’s beautiful yn a woman’s wrist. We also have a matching necklace. If your mother likes to wear rings on her fingers, we have a ring to go with it as well. Lt Barnes: Diamonds are so expensive. Do you have anything else? I saw in the newspaper today that you're having a sale. Mother’s Day Sale! | ane eCS, , * Clerk: ‘That's right, we are having a sale. How much do you want to spend? Lt Barnes: Only about $75. Clerk: Well, then, allow me to offer a solution to your problem. The beautiful pair of gold earrings that you saw in the newspaper costs just $59. ‘Those earrings are only on sale this week because of Mother's Day. If your mother's fond of gold, she'll surely wear them often, They’re beautiful. I'll take them, Could you put the earrings in a box and tie it up with some gold string? I have a few days of leave, and 'm going away to visit my mother today. Clerk: Gertainly, sir. Td be happy to make a pretty package for you. BOOK 13LESSON2 7 zkaise See Fill in the blanks with words from the bo» glase diamond ave Oe bracelets necklaces gold) copper fond of eorring = chain rings Gold and silver are two metals which are harder than . Both silver and copper are less expensive than , Women wear around their necks. |. US hospitals put medical _______on patients’ wrists for identification. 1 2 3 4, 5. Aring with a glass stone is less expensive than one with a ___ 6. Some people have a hole in each ear into which they can put an 7. Agray metal that coins and jewelry can be made of is 8. Glass ___ in jewelry are man-made and not natural materials. 9. Windows are usually made of clear that lets in sunshine. 10. Most children are ___ playing games and collecting things. A ___ is made of metal rings. Each ring is connected to the ring in front of it and the one after it. 12, Aman and a woman often give each other matching ____ when they get married. Eee Match the phrase on the left with a word on the right. __ 1. the hardest natural material we can find in the earth —a._ ring ___ 2. a piece of jewelry a person wears around the wrist b. diamond _____ 3, ashiny gray metal that jewelry can be made of c. silver —— 4. a shiny yellow metal that is very expensive d. bracelet _— 5. acircle of gold, silver, or other metal for the finger e. gold Es ‘AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSERez i iatZi Summarizing a paragraph orally Write the topic of this paragraph. US Army soldiers wear a uniform for everyday work. In the year 2004, the Army made some important changes to it and gave soldiers a new combat uniform. To make the new uniform, they chose a material that is easier to wash, dry, and keep looking nice. They also changed some of the things on the uniform, First, they moved the bottom pockets to the shoulder sleeves to make the them easier to reach. Then, they used zippers instead of buttons because zippers are easier to open with one hand. These three changes and some others, too, have served to lower the price of the uniform, make it better to wear, and easier to use. Soldiers know that a good uniform that fits right, feels good, and looks professional will help them do their jobs well. TOPIC} a BEGG Read the paragraph again and give an oral summary of it. THE SUMMARY ... V gives the main idea and the most important information does not show your opinion of the reading v_isvery short Use the space next to the photograph for your notes. BOOK 13 LESSON2Rei bula ia'ag A man-made material that’s easy to care for Adam: Emily: Adam: Emily: Adam: Emily: Honey, can you come here to take a look at this Smith Brothers’ advertisement? It's for a shirt with a matching silk tie. I really like the way they look together. Yes, it looks nice, but the shirt’s not 100% cotton. It’s a man-made material that’s 65% cotton, 30% polyester, and 5% nylon. I don’t think you'll like it. Oh, but I'm sure I will. This kind of material is really easy to care for. My friends at work have it. They say that you just wash it in cold water and hang it up to dry. You can wear it again in less than an hour. It’s perfect for trips and vacations. If that’s true, a wash-and- wear shirt would be good to have. Right now, you have only cotton and wool shirts. like them because they're made of natural materials. But this shirt might be a good choice for the summer. ‘The tie also matches nicely. Smith Brothers’ SUMMIGAR Smith Brothers’ finest summer shirt made of 65% cotton, 30% polyester, and 5% nylon material always looks perfect with or without the matching silk tie. Smith Brothers’ Fine Clothes for Men, Women, & Children {800.555.5555 | smithbrothers.buy I think I'll go to the store and buy it during their summer sale. I need to get a brown leather belt, too. Did you know that I have a little extra money? Tim paid me back the $75 he owed me. You remember he borrowed money from me last month. Well, I was able to throw away his IOU today. I'm sure you appreciate getting your money back. Do you mind if I come to the store with you? With the extra money, maybe we can get something for me, too. AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSEaay in the blanks with words from the box. Some words will be used more than once. nylon leather) |) polyester silk payback appreciate = owe wool cotton man-made 1. Many beautiful ties are made of 2. In cold climates, people wear sweaters made of _______ to keep warm, 3. Belts and shoes are usually made of 4. Polyester, nylon, plastic, and glass are_____ materials. 5. In stores, you can usually find shirts made of different materials, like ‘ ; ay ,and 6. Store clerks like to be helpful. Most customers _____ good service. 7. Jennifer wrote him an IOU note that said, “I____ you $30. I'l return the money next Wednesday.” 8, When I lend friends money, I like them to ______ the amount the next day. Let your classmates guess the item you are thinking of. ] “Toit made of a ~ YY ~(- natural or man-made (me teacher's") material? Siete! MAALY BOOKIaLESSON2SC‘“‘ 'm really cold. \ ? BOOK 13 LESSON2 — zmIF) log tag More ways of asking permission Read the dialog and underline the words that ask for, give, or deny permission. Mr, Wilson: Ms. Lopez: Mr. Wilson: Ms. Lopez: Mr. Wilson: Ms. Lopez: FEES Listen and fill in the blanks. Then, repeat after your teacher. Do you mind if I smoke? No, I don’t mind. But you can’t smoke inside this building. Is it okay if I smoke outside? Yes, it's okay, But you may only smoke 25 feet away from the building. Thanks. Where can I put out my cigarette? ‘There's a sign outside that says to put cigarettes out in the ashtrays. 1. Bob: Do you mind if I bring my friend to your party? Dan: 2, Student: Could I please drink my coffee in the classroom? ‘Teacher: 3. Tom: Jay: Sure. Il get it for you. 4, Lt Fisk: Is it okay if we take pictures of the graduation? Lt Cole: 5. Student: Teacher: Please, don’t. There’s too much noise outside. 6. Capt Jobs: _ Capt Wolf: No, you can’t. Captain Miles is going to sit there. ‘AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSEwith a partn BEQOSaEM Select one situation and role-play * Boss of a busy garage You have several customers who are in a hurry to get their cars back. Several of your mee! did not report for work this morning, anics * Furniture store manager Your store is having trouble making enough money. You think you might have to close your store in the next six months * Customer in restaurant You are eating alone at a table for two. Several customers just sat down at the table next to you. They want your extra chair, but earlier a friend said he might meet you for dessert. EERCGERON Write a situation for 2 other students to role-play. * Mechanic Ask the boss to allow you to leave three hours early today. You need to go to the airport to pick up a relative who doesn’t speak English. * Salesperson Ask the manager for more money. You've been working here for years and have many happy customers who come back year after year. You don't, know the store has money problems * Server Several customers have come in. They want to sit together: Their table needs one more chair, Ask the customer at the table next to them to let you take the extra chair.zn a Modal review ig I may stay late at the office tonight if I have too saith . much work to do. 50% possibility make They might not come with us if they arrive late. It could rain tonight. Look at those clouds! can ‘She can swim two miles, but she can’t do it quickly. Present ability | 1. able to | He is able to speak French. could —_| Sar couldn't come to the party yesterday. Pastability | je able to | He was able to run six miles yesterday. may May I borrow your pen? Permission | can Can we smoke in here? could | Could I use your phone? EEE Complete the sentences with could, might, or may. ‘Think of things that are 50% likely to happen or 50% possible to do. Number 1 is an example. 1. Ifyou don't study hard, you could fail the test / you might not pass the test. Ifyou run a red light, If you never exercise, If you drive too fast, If the weather is nice tomorrow, If I have any free time this weekend, If don't pass the test, 2. 3 4. 5. If we don’t have any homework tonight, 6. % 8. "AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE.I don’t know. Look at this thing It could be some I found. What is it? kind of machine. i ‘Answer the questions with / don’t know and a guess. Use may, might, or could in your answers. _ — 1. Do you think it'll » rain tomorrow? —~__ —~ “as Sara didn't ome y Se Tean’t find the to class today. key to the desk. Whore is she? _ _ Where is it? a 4. That man over 3, When's Harry's there looks famous. \ © birthday party? Who is he? — BOOK 13 LESSON 2 zmESS Ask your partner questions about ability. Check the answers. ‘Are you able to an you oH a L.run five miles every day? 2, lift 50 pounds? 8. stay awake all night? 4, stand on your head? 5. sing well? 6. read an American newspaper? 7. fly an airplane? Rewrite the questions in Exercise C in the past tense. With your classmates, ask and answer the questions you've written. Then, talk about the changes in what you can do now and what you could do then. Number 1 is an example. Ten yearsego, were you abie to run five miles _) _ everyday? No, I couldn't. Could you? L.were you able to / could you run five miles every day? Ten years ago, ‘AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSEMay I sit here? I couldn't hear the teacher. Can I borrow your pen, please? Could you fix my car yesterday? I may go. I don't know. I might not pass the test. ‘Are you able to run very fast? It could be an appliance. I can’t cook. Purpose Modal 1 2 may 3 a. 50% possibility | might could 4, can b. Present ability | 1°" tle to could c. Past ability be able to t. may d. Permission can | 9. could BOOK 13 LESSON 2 . Were you able to repair it? . It might be a machine. ._ Is it okay if I sit next to you? . I'm not able to prepare hot food. . I could fail the test. I wasn't able to hear her. . I might go. . Do you mind if I use it? . Can you run quickly? ntence with a purpose. Write a, b, c, or d ——— John can’t swim very well. Could I speak to you, sir? _____ May I borrow your car tonight? ‘Ann may be going on vacation in July. Fred wasn’t able to visit us last Saturday. Sara's able to name all the countries in the world. Before his accident, Mike could play soccer very well. We might have a new student in class tomorrow. Students, you can leave the room after you finish the test.ez d aime Writing summaries Read the two paragraphs below and write a short summary for each one. Paragraph 1 Steel is a metal that people use every day. It's a man-made material that is made of iron plus smaller amounts of one or more other metals. In factories where they make steel, workers heat iron and the other metals together to a very high temperature. When the metals cool, the workers can make the steel into thin pieces or thin sheets. Steel is a very good material because it is harder and stronger than iron, because factories can make it into different shapes, and because the metal keeps its shape better than iron. Also, different from iron, steel doesn't easily rust, which is what happens when water and air change iron, Steel is a metal used to. make vehicles and machines. It’s also in many things you can find in the home, like refrigerators, stoves, and washing machines, and even knives, forks, and spoons. Paragraph 2 Many stones that are used to make jewelry look like diamonds, but they're not natural diamonds. Some are glass, others are zircon (a natural stone that is not as hard as diamonds), and some are cubic zirconia (which is a man-made stone). These other stones don’t shine the way diamonds do, and that’s how professional jewelers can see the difference between them and diamonds. People who don’t have a lot of money to spend usually can’t buy real diamonds, but they may be able to buy the other stones. While it is true that zircon and cubic zirconia cost more than glass, they're certainly less expensive than diamonds. zw ‘AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSEWhat's your size? VOCABULARY: READING: GRAMMAR: VOCABULARY: GRAMMAR: READING: VOCABULARY: GRAMMAR: DIALOGS: BOOK 13 LESSONS Finding the right size . . . Measuring recruits for their first uniforms Using the title to predict contents A person who teaches is a teacher. . Coats on sale at 50% off Using modals in reported speech Reading faster for better comprehension . ‘That woman drives a hard bargain! Using separable phrasal verbs Asking a salesperson for help . 59 62 65 66NEW VOCABULARY Nouns percent (%) amount percentage bargain receipt centimeter /em sale cloth ass deal tay diecount waist distance dressing room Verbs fabric amount to fit bargain height decrease hip discount inch / in, fit > fit / fit item increase jeans measure length reduce measurement pair try on NEW GRAMMAR STRUCTURES Jack Smith drives a bus. He’s a bus driver. Jim is going to hang up his clothes. Jim is going to hang his clothes up. Jim is going to hang them up. What did Mr. Rogers tell you? He told me he might see me at 2 p.m. What's new in Lesson 3? Other for sale free irregular less medium much off on sale percent (%) sales special ‘Symbol sew — sewed / sewn LANGUAGE FUNCTION ‘Ask and respond to questions relating to the buying and selling of clothes and accessories in a role-play between a customer and a clothes store clerk. May I help you, sir? ‘Yes, I want to buy a pair of pants, but I don’t know my size. Let’s measure your waist and check the length. Then we'll know what size you wear, ‘AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE40% AND 60% OFF MEN’S CLOTHING 40% off regular prices for suits and jackets 60% off regular prices for shirts and pants* Fine Harry: Clerk: Smith Brothers Clothes for Men, Women, & Children 800.555.5555 | smithbrothers.buy I'm interested in buying a sports jacket. They're 40 percent off, right? Yes, they certainly are. Do you know your size, sir? Im sorry, but I don’t. I think I usually wear a medium jacket. Well, sir, if you don’t mind, Td like to measure you. Our jackets are very well made, and we have exact sizes ~ not just small, medium, and large. When I know your measurements, I'll be able to fit you better. Clothes that fit well always look best. A good fit usually feels better, too. I’m sure we'll be able to find that special jacket that looks great on you. What measurements do you need? I need to measure your sleeve length, around your chest, and the length from your shoulder to your waist. I'd also like to get a pants measurement You may want to buy some other items during our sale today, perhaps a pair of pants or a shirt. For the pants, I'll take your waist measurement and leg length. 00K TS LESSONS ss: | 800K 13Becca Read the sentences. Write T for true and F for false. 1. The customer knows his jacket size. 2. Medium is the size that the customer usually buys. ___ 8. The store only has jackets in sizes small, medium, and large. 4, The clerk wants to measure the customer’s waist for a jacket. 5. The clerk says that clothes look best if they fit well. 6. Fora pair of pants, the clerk needs two measurements. ____ 7. The customer wants to buy three items from this store. 8. The store is selling sports jackets at 40 percent off. Banos Fill in the blanks with words from the bo» i | special items waist measurements length pair . To find your pants size, _______ around your waist. . People often wear _____ shoes when they play sports. . John bought a____ of diamond earrings to give his wife on her birthday. . A leather belt around your ____________ looks nice with wool slacks. 1 2. 3 4, 5, Excuse me, ma’am. I like to buy a new suit, but I don't know my 6. This dress is too large. Do you have it ina____ size? 7. How many different _____ do you have in that big box you're carrying? 8. Ifboth the small and the large jackets don’t ____, maybe medium will. 9. When you buy pants, you sometimes need to know the ____ of your leg. 10. For a jacket, the sales clerk needs to take three different —__: sleeve length, around the chest, and the length from shoulder to waist. =m ‘AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSEFEES 00 pairs, use a tape measure to fill in the lengths in centimeters. In the US, body measurements for clothes are usually in inches. In other countries, measurements are often in centimeters. People use a tape measure to take clothes measurements. A tape measure is usually 60 inches long or about 152 centimeters. Look at the picture of the tape measure below. Its length is 6% inches or about 16% centimeters. Take a look at the 1 inch mark. Compare inches and centimeters. You'll see that 1 in. = 2.54 cm. Now look at Items 1 — 8 below. Use the tape measure to find out which centimeter amount compares most closely with the inch amount, rey Number 1 is an example. 1. 1 in. = about 2% cm 5. 1% in. = about cm 2 2in = about em 6. 2% in, = about em 3. 4 in. = about cm 7. 44 in. = about cm 4. 6 in. = about cm 8. 5% in. = about em THE TOPIC ... V is the subject of the paragraph. v_isa word or phrase. BOOK 13 LESSONS a kmet VBE) la’ Measuring recruits for their first uniforms When new recruits join the military, the first thing they get is a uniform. The uniform must fit well because a person in the military must always look professional. To select a new recruit’s uniform, the military carefully measures each person to find his or her correct size. USA Size (R 8 12 16 20 European Size | 86] 38 42 46 50 S-ML-XL Size | Small Medium Large | Extra Large Bust 38 4 45 49 Waist “a7 | 28 3 Ja | 39 Hips 38 4 [43] 45 | 49 Inseam 30 30 | 80 | 30 | G0 | 30 f Shoulders 16% | 17 18 | 18% | 19 20 [oe Sleeve 30% | 30% | 31 _| 31% | 92 | 32% | 788 | a3% | at Collar-Waist | 47% | 17% | 48 | 16% | 18% | 18% [49 | 19% [| ae Height: Regular 65 in.~68 in. Tall 68 in-71 in, WOMEN’S SIZES: To find out a woman’s size, the military takes three measurements. ‘They measure around the bust, waist, and hips. A bust measurement is around the widest part of a woman's back and chest. They take this measurement under the arms. For the hip measurement, they put the tape measure around the widest part of the body below the waist and above the top of the legs. Some sizes for women are 6, 8, 10, 12, or 14. A woman who is 67 inches tall and measures 38-28-38 probably fits in size 8 or 10. = AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE| a | 5 | Lae] u || Lele | a | Chest ca 36 38 40 24 44 46 48 Waist 30 | se | 84 | 36 | 36 | 40 | ae | 4 Hips 36 | 38 | 40 | 2 [4 | 46 | 4] 50 Inseam 30_| 2% | 29% | 30 | 30% | son [gon] 31 | ate Shoulders ime] 16 | 4a%] 12 | io% | 20 21 Sleeve 80 | 22 33 34 | eam] 35 [a Collar-Waist__| 19% | 19% | 198% | 20 | 20% | 20% | 20%] 21 | we Height: Regular 65 in.~68 in. Tall 68 in.—1 in MEN'S SIZES: For shirts, the military measures the circumference of the neck for the shirt collar and the length of the arm for the sleeve. For the arm measurement, the recruit must hold his arm straight out at shoulder height. They will measure from the center of the back to the wrist. For pants, they first take a waist measurement, and then they measure the length of the inside of the leg down to the ankle—this is called the inseam. For example, a man 67 inches tall might wear shirt size 15% ~82 (neck-arm) and pants size 30-82 (waist-inseam). USA Size (Reg | 2 | European Siza La | x | 2 | Waist 34 | 40 | Hips 36 | 38 [40 | 42 [a4 | a6 | 46 | 50 Inseam 30 | 32 [32 | xe [ae | xe [x2 | x [ 22 ALTERATIONS: Uniforms don’t always fit exactly right. Pants are often too long or too short. A tailor can change or alter them. A tailor is a person who can sew an item of clothing to make it shorter or longer, looser or tighter. Alterations for the first uniform are free, that is, there is no charge. For other uniforms, the reeruit will have to pay both uniform and alteration costs. BOOK 13 LESSONSEco Fill in the blanks with words from the bo» measured fit ‘inches length size measurements Allen: Can you help me? I need to buy a shirt to go with my uniform. Clerk: Certainly, sir. What ______ do you wear? Allen: I don’t know. They _ me before, but I've forgotten what my at Clerk: Okay, then, we'll find out. First, I'm going to measure your neck, and then the __of your arms, Let's see, that’s 16 ____ for the neck and 32 for your arm length. Allen: I guess that means that a size 16 — 32 shirt should ___me quite well. Fill in the blanks with words from the b free pair waist hip items measure sew amount Clerk: Good afternoon. Are you looking for anything special today, ma’am? Sylvia: Yes, I need to buy several__of clothing. The first thing I need isanice__ of slacks. Clerk: Your size, please, ma'am. Sylvia: I'm sorry, I don’t remember it. Could you __ me? Clerk: Certainly, that’s no trouble at all. I'l need to get your____size and also your measurement. I'm not very tall. I usually ask a tailor to shorten my slacks. But if that’s expensive, I can ______ them at home. Will you add an extra to the sales price if your tailor shortens the slacks? Clerk: No, ma’am. If our tailor shortens or lengthens the pant legs, that'll be . We also don’t charge for changes to the waist. "AIERICAN LANGUAGE COURSERez ing Using the title to predict contents A title is often the first piece of information you get about a text. A title may tell you what will be in the text. Before good readers begin reading, they take time to imagine what the text will say, Use the titles below to make guesses or predictions about each text. Read a title. Circle information that might be in the paragraph. More than one answer is possible. 1. College: The Key to Your Future — /~ College: The Key to a, career fields Your Future! That ) b. dining hall food \\__ sounds interesting. c. college courses ~ d. classroom furniture Know Your Medicine a. the best way to ask a doctor for information b. how to study to be a doctor c. where to read sports magazines d. medical advice on the internet 3. Best Vacation Places a. hotels b. hospitals c. beaches d. basic training 1. Land and Climate in the State of Arizona How hot is it in the desert? How many colleges are there? Does it ever freeze at night? Do you need a better job? peop 2. Bicycle Racing a, What kind of shoes do racers wear? b. Who made the first bieycle? c. Which bicycles are the lightest and fastest? d, At what time does the bicycle shop open? BOOK 13 LESSONS a — _ zaA person who teaches is a teacher. \y ) A person who serves food in a A person who collects stamps restaurant is a server. is a stamp collector. ‘ ‘% Adding -er and -or to some verbs makes nouns that mean “someone who.” S— Lad al 5 An appliance which makes coffee A tool which opens cans is a coffee maker. is a can opener. f Ry ‘%° Adding -er to some verbs makes nouns that mean “something which.” Complete the sentences with words from the box. 1. Ken drives a truck. He’s a truck 2. Lora carries the mail. She's a mail Ate —_— dryer 3. This appliance washes dishes. It's a - . an 4, Use this to dry your hair. It’s a hair - visitors 5. Julie instruets children, She's an . oe 6. This tool sharpens pencils. Its apencil_______. sharpener 7. Please visit me often. I enjoy having beginner 8. You can freeze food with this. It’s a . 9. Al just began learning French. He's a 6 bia a za ‘AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE| EXERCISE B | Change the underlined verbs to nouns with -er or -or. ‘The Miller Family Mark Miller owns a company that builds houses. He’s a_____. On the weekends, he likes to play tennis. He’s a good tennis ___________. Sara, his wife, manages a small bank. She's been a bank ___ for a long time. Sara enjoys collecting coins, too, so she’s also a coin__. Their son, Carl, is still in school. He enjoys writing short stories for the school newspaper. He wants to be a____. Their daughter, Ann, likes to sing and play the piano. She’s a very good —__ and piano _ goes to the mountains and spends a weekend mountain climbing. They are good mountain ____. Every month they visit Mark’s parents. His parents like . Sometimes, the whole family having __. They wish they could see the family more often. Pick words and describe them for your partner to guess. In your description, use words that are different from the noun your classmates will say. OO aiararte goes from one place to (another. Sometimes he uses a car. a Sometimes he flies on a plane to get He's a traveler. ere he wants to go. What is he? ne heater receiver traveler owner entertainer lighter recorder shopper planner educator hanger marker learner dancer reporter toaster fastener gardener swimmer operator shaver zipper cleaner follower lender timer stopper speaker reviewer borrower hairdryer _refrigerator renter mover guarantor caller reader rider catcher smoker seller sailor goalkeeper buyer BOOK 13 LESSONS zzRe VTETAYE Coats on sale at 50% off Sid: Clerk: Sid: Clerk: Sid: Clerk: Sid: Hil Your sign says you're having a sale and giving a discount of 50 percent. ‘That's right, Our year-end sale started today. We have some good deals at low prices. P'd be happy to fit you with a winter coat. What's your size, sir? I wear a 40. ‘Try on this coat. The fabric is 100% wool. It'll keep you wonderfully warm. ‘This coat just went on sale today at 50% off the regular price. It was $500, now it’s $250. I see, You've reduced the price by half because winter’s half over. Will your prices decrease more? Idoubt that we'll discount our coats much more. Our prices are already quite low. You know, you really should buy now because our state’s sales tax is going up soon. The percentage the state adds will increase from 6% to 7.5% on January Ist. This year you pay $30 in sales tax on a $500 coat. Next year, you'll pay $37.50. Everything's going to be more expensive. The price you're asking for this coat is $250 plus 6 percent tax. That amounts to $265. That's too expensive for me, but thanks for your help. | EXERCISE A | swer these questions with a partner. se wy ers What kind of sale is the store having? By how much is the store reducing its coat prices? What size does Sid wear? What is the price of the coat after the 50% discount? Does the clerk believe the store will reduce its prices more this year? What percentage of sales tax will Sid pay on the price of a coat this year? How much will the sales tax increase next year? Do you pay a sales tax in your country? If yes, what percentage do you pay, and what do you call the tax? ‘AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSEEESSER with a partner, fill in the blanks with words from the box 1. percent off sale deal on sale ‘The Coat Store is having a_______ this week on its winter coats. Every coat in the store is _____ at half price. At 50 ____off, acoat for sale at a price of $750 is $325 ________ the regular price. That's a very good = 2. tax amounts to items ~— increases. ongale amount. ‘The store adds state sales ______ to an item when someone buys a coat. That _______ the amount the store charges the customer by 6%. For example, for a $500 coat, the store’s cashier must add $30 to the sales price. ‘The final price that the customer has to pay _____ $530. When clothing goes _____ at lower prices, the state always gets a smaller of sales tax because the ______ the store sells cost less. increases decreases amount _salestax _ free In my opinion, one thing that never ____ is taxes. But I know that the state earns a large of money from the taxes it collects. This money helps to pay for our children’s schools, our city streets and sidewalks, our state's highways, our police, and many other things. These things are certainly not______ In fact, they cost a lot. I guess the best way to pay for them is to make everybody pay a_____. T hope ours doesn’t go up soon. When the state_____ taxes, it is hard on a person's wallet. BOOK 13 LESSONS =”cE nmar | Using modals in reported speech oe " i _—— Sir, are you going i ie fh) to fly today? - was cloudy, but he It’s cloudy, but eae the might still ly,_/ I may still fly. captain say? LtGray Capt Lane Lt Green Lt Gray I still fly. The captain said | | (that) | | he still fy. *% some modals change in reported speech. Some pronouns do, too. bene was/were able to 70 ‘AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSEThen, repeat after your instructor. Number 1 is an example. 1. Randall: “You might want to wait for better weather.” What did he tell you? He told us that we might want to wait for better weather. 2. Ms. Kap: “Your teacher may not come because he's sick.” What did she say? She said that our teacher might not come because he was sick. 3. Sgt Bag: “Private, you can go to the library when Ireturn.” What did he say? He said I could go to the library when he returned. 4. Jackie: “We couldn't take a break yesterday.” What did she tell you? She told me that they couldn’t take a break yesterday. 5. Mr. Dell: “The new secretary isn’t able to type fast.” What did he tell you? He told me the new secretary wasn’t able to type fast. 6. Lt Cort: “My men are able to do anything I ask them to do.” What did he say? He said his men were able to do anything he asked them to do. Complete the ser ‘Then, repeat after your instructor. 1. George: “We might go out tonight.” He told me that they ____ go out tonight. 2. Lt Lash: “Sergeant, you can leave early because you're finished.” She said I___ leave early because ____finished 3. Lt Pace: “I couldn't understand the second speaker at the meeting” He told us that he ____________ understand the second speaker. 4. Harve; T’'m not able to play because my foot hurts.” He said he _____________play because — 5. Pamela: “I can’t hear you because you don’t speak loudly.” She said she __— hear him because —_____ speak loudly. 6. Sgt Poe: “All the men are able to swim faster this month.” He told the lieutenant all the men _____ swim faster this month. 300K 13 LESSONS ae