❖ Ising Model
1. Consider a system of three spins 𝑠1 , 𝑠2 and
𝑠3 each of which can take values +1/2 or
−1/2. The energy of the system is
𝐸 = −2𝐽[𝑠1 𝑠2 − 𝑠2 𝑠3 ]
wher 𝐽 is a postive constant. Find the
average energy of the system?
𝐽(𝑒 −𝛽𝐽 − 𝑒 𝛽𝐽 )
(𝑎)
4 + 2𝑒𝛽𝐽 + 2𝑒 −𝛽𝐽
−𝐽(𝑒 −𝛽𝐽 − 𝑒 𝛽𝐽 )
(𝑏) The partition function of the system is given
4 + 2𝑒𝛽𝐽 + 2𝑒 −𝛽𝐽
by
𝐽(𝑒 𝛽𝐽 − 𝑒 −𝛽𝐽 ) (a) 𝑒 −𝛽𝐽 + 5𝑒 −3𝛽𝐽 (b) 𝑒 −𝛽𝐽 + 𝑒 𝛽𝐽
(𝑐)
2 + 𝑒𝛽𝐽 + 𝑒 −𝛽𝐽 (c) 2(3𝑒 −𝛽𝐽 + 𝑒 3𝛽𝐽 ) (d) None
−𝐽(𝑒 𝛽𝐽 − 𝑒 −𝛽𝐽 ) 4. A system consisting of three spins in a line,
(d) each having
2 + 𝑒𝛽𝐽 + 𝑒 −𝛽𝐽
1
𝑠=
2
2. Consider a system of three spins 𝑠1 , 𝑠2 and , is coupled by nearest neighbor
𝑠3 each of which can take values +1 or -1 . interactions
The energy of the system is
𝐸 = −𝐽[𝑠1 𝑠2 + 𝑠2 𝑠3 + 𝑠3 𝑠1 ]
where 𝐽 is +ve constant. The partition
function of the system is? Each spin has a magnetic moment pointing
(a) 3𝑒 −𝛽𝐽 + 5𝑒 −3𝛽𝐽 in the same direction as the spin, 𝜇 = 2𝜇s.
(b) 5𝑒 −𝛽𝐽 + 3𝑒 3𝛽𝐽 The system is placed in an external
magnetic field 𝐻 in the 𝑧 direction and is in
(c) 2(3𝑒 −𝛽𝐽 + 𝑒 3𝛽𝐽 )
thermal equilibrium at temperature 𝑇. The
(d) 2(3𝑒 −3𝛽𝐽 + 𝑒 𝛽𝐽 )
Hamiltonian for the system is approximated
by an Ising model, where the true spin-spin
3. Consider system of three ising spin S1, S2
interaction is replaced by a term of the form
and S3 taking values± 1 are arranged on
𝐽𝑆z (𝑖)𝑆𝑧 (𝑖 + 1) :
the circle as shown in fig
𝐻 = 𝐽𝑆z (1)𝑆z (2) + 𝐽𝑆𝑧 (2)𝑆z (3) − 2𝜇𝐻
∣ 𝑆z (1) + 𝑆𝑧 (2) + 𝑆𝑧 (3)],
where 𝐽 and 𝜇 are positive constants. (a) 𝑧 = 𝑒 −𝛽𝐽 + 2𝑒 𝛽𝐽 + 𝑒 −2𝛽𝐽
The magnetization 𝑀(𝑇, 𝐻), which is valid
when 𝑘𝑇 ≫ 𝜇𝐻 or 𝐽.Q. (b) 𝑧 = 4𝑒 −𝛽𝐽 + 𝑒 𝛽𝐽 + 𝑒 −2𝛽𝐽
(a) M= 2𝛽𝜇 2 𝐻 (b) M= 𝛽𝜇 2 𝐻 (c) 𝑧 = 1
(c) M= 4𝛽𝜇 2 𝐻 (d) M= 5𝛽𝜇 2 𝐻 (d) 𝑧 = 3𝑒 −𝛽𝐽 + 2𝑒 𝛽𝐽 + 𝑒 −2𝛽𝐽
8. Consider three ising spin on straight line
having spin
5. Consider a large number of N localized
𝑠1 = 1/2, 𝑠2 = 1, 𝑠3 = 3/2
particles in an external magnetic field 𝐇.
shown in fig
Each particle has spin 1/2. The number of
states accessible to the system is given by
𝑁!
𝑄=
𝑁↑ ! 𝑁↓ !
. Determine the value of the 𝑍 component of (a) 𝑧 = 1 + 𝑒 −𝛽𝐽 + 𝑒 𝛽𝐽
the total spin of the system 𝑀𝑠 , for which
the number of states is maximum. (b) 𝑧 = 1 + 2𝑒 −𝛽𝐽 + 𝑒 𝛽𝐽
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 𝑧 = 𝑒 9/4𝛽𝐽
(c)1/2 (d) 3/2
(d)𝑧 = 𝑒 −9/4𝛽𝐽
6. Consider three Ising spins at the vertices of
a triangle which interact with each other
with a ferromagnetic Ising interaction of
strength 𝐽. The Partition function of the ❖ Answer Key
system at temperature 𝑇 such that 𝐽 =
−𝑘𝐵 𝑇, is 1. d 2. c 3. c 4. c 5. a
6. b 7. c 8. d 9. 10.
1
(a) 2𝑒 3 + 6𝑒 −1 (b) 2𝑒 (3 + )
𝑒4
1
(c) 3𝑒 (1 + ) (d) 6𝑒 3 + 2𝑒 −1
𝑒4
7. Consider the ising model in which four ising
spin are situated on the square of side a
shown in fig
The spins 𝑆1 = 𝑆3 = 1 and 𝑆2 = 𝑆4 = 0. The
portion function of the system is given by
