Reg. No.
Question Paper Code : 19195
B.E. / B.TECH. DEGREE EXAMINATION, NOVEMBER / DECEMBER 2022
Fifth Semester
B.E. – Electrical and Electronics Engineering
19EEC04 – BIO MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION
(Regulations: Mepco – R2019)
Duration: 3 Hours Max. : 100 Marks
Answer ALL Questions
PART A – (10 2 = 20 Marks)
BTL, CO
R, CO1 1. What are the main types of neurons?
U, CO1 2. During ventricular systole ___________. Justify your answer.
A) Oxygenated blood is pumped into the pulmonary artery and deoxygenated
blood is pumped into the artery
B) Oxygenated blood is pumped into the aorta and deoxygenated blood is
pumped into the pulmonary artery
C) Oxygenated blood is pumped into the pulmonary vein and deoxygenated
blood is pumped into the pulmonary artery
D) Oxygenated blood is pumped into the aorta and deoxygenated blood is
pumped into the pulmonary vein
R, CO2 3. Define total lung capacity of a human being.
U, CO2 4. What is the instrument that measures the amount of air inhaled and exhaled with
each breath? Justify your answer.
A) Sphygmomanometer B) Hygrometer
C) Stethoscope D) Spirometer
R,CO3 5. Differentiate between polarizable and non-polarizable electrodes.
U, CO3 6. The most prominent EEG wave pattern of an awake, relaxed adult whose eyes
are closed is __________. Justify your answer.
A) Delta B) Theta C) Alpha D) Beta
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A, CO4 7. In a diathermy machine, the maximum power given out is 500 W and the
maximum voltage possible is 4000 V. Thus, what is the highest resistance that a
heat wave diathermy machine can deal with?
U, CO4 8. Ventricular fibrillation is a serious cardiac emergency. Why?
A) Fibrillations cause the heart to stop pumping blood, leading to brain damage
B) Fibrillation cause abnormal rhythm by applying a lower energy shock to the
heart
C) Fibrillations cause the heart to pump more blood into aorta
D) Risks include injury to the heart muscle, abnormal heart rhythms, and blood
clots
U, CO5 9. Mention the applications of X-ray in the medical field.
U, CO5 10. Ultrasound is a reflection of__________. Justify your answer.
A) Soft tissues only B) Hard tissues only
C) Both Soft and Hard tissues D) Hard muscles only
PART B – (5 16 = 80 Marks)
U, CO1 11. a) i. Sketch the structure of a human cell and explain their functional
components. (8 Marks)
U, CO1 11. a) ii. Explain the generation of action potential and resting potential at
the cellular level with necessary sketches. Also, explain the
characteristics of resting potential with reference to Goldman’s
and Nernst equations. (8 Marks)
OR
U, CO1 11. b) Write in detail about the central nervous system and peripheral
nervous system with necessary sketches. (16 Marks)
U, CO2 12. a) i. What is blood pressure and how is it measured using a
sphygmomanometer? (8 Marks)
U, CO2 12. a) ii. With the help of a neat sketch, explain the origin of heart-sounds
that lead to the measurement of phonocardiogram. (8 Marks)
OR
U, CO2 12. b) i. What is cardiac output? Explain the measurement of cardiac
output by the indicator-dilution method with the necessary sketch. (8 Marks)
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U, CO2 12. b) ii. How is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the arterial blood
measured? Explain this with neat sketches. (8 Marks)
A, CO3 13. a) i. What is the method used for the measurement of conduction
velocity in motor nerves to indicate the location and type of nerve
lesion? Explicate with neat diagrams. (8 Marks)
A, CO3 13. a) ii. Apply the international standards available for electrode
placement system for recording the electrical activity of the brain. (8 Marks)
OR
A, CO3 13. b) How the physiological characteristics of the electrical activity of
heart wave pattern is generated? Also, explain the various lead
configurations, recording setup used for recording the electrical
activity of heart muscles. (16 Marks)
U, CO4 14. a) i. Distinguish between an internal and external pacemaker. Describe
the operation of a demand-type synchronous pacemaker using a
neat block diagram. (8 Marks)
U, CO4 14. a) ii. What is a ventilator, and when does the patient needs ventilator?
Explain the operation of a medical ventilator using a neat block
diagram. (8 Marks)
OR
U, CO4 14. b) i. Explain in detail about hemodialysis. (8 Marks)
U, CO4 14. b) ii. What is the need for a defibrillator? Explain the operation of a DC
defibrillator using a neat circuit diagram. (8 Marks)
U, CO5 15. a) Explain the principle of operation for computed tomography.
Also, list out their advantages, disadvantages and applications. (16 Marks)
OR
U, CO5 15. b) How is the magnetic resonance imaging system useful in the
medical field? Describe in detail the operation of this system with
relevant sketches. Also, mention their advantages. (16 Marks)
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