Audio-visual material must be seen in their relationship to teaching as a whole and to the

learning process as a whole, until teacher understands the relationship between audio-visual
material and teaching-learning process, he cannot be expected to make intelligent or fruitful
use of the techniques, which offer so much assistance in day today activities of teachers.
'Audio-visual aids, 'audio-visual materials', 'audio-visual media; 'communication technology',
educational or instructional media' and 'learning resources', 'educational technology' and
'instructional technology' are broadly meant the same.

 Definition
An audio-visual aid is an instructional device in which the message can be heard as well
as seen.
 Audio-visual aids are those sensory objects or images which initiate or stimulate and
reinforce learning.
-Burton
 Audio-visual aids are those aids which help in completing the triangular process of
learning, i.e. Motivation, classification and stimulation.
-Carter V Good

 Purposes

 To initiate and sustain attention, concentration and personal involvement of student in

learning.
 To provide a basis for more effective perceptual and conceptual learning.
 To bring remote events in to the class room.
 To increase the meaningfulness of abstract concepts.
 To gain practical skills.
 To save time and energy.
 To provide clear, accurate and vivid image during the process of learning.
 To stimulate thinking and motivate action.

BULLETIN BOARD
It will be used for both informational and educational purposes. It can motivate, supplement
and enrich learning, stimulates thought. It employs intrinsic motivation through the medium
of interest, curiosity and desire for knowledge. The successful use of this aid depends on the
interest it inspires, demands attention and promotes reflective thinking.

It is a simple device placed either indoor or outdoor, kept in a suitable place, it can provide a
suitable place for the display of all kinds of creative work of the students. It is the display
board which shows the visual learning material on a specific subject. It is in the form of
framed soft board / straw board / cork board. The recommended size is 1.5m X 2m. It is a soft
board, which will hold pins or tags are most suitable.
 Bulletin Board

Items generally used in bulletin board are:

 Photographs.
 Cutout illustrations.
 Publications.
 Drawings.
 Specimens.
 Posters.
 Newspapers.
 Pasting up of-Announcements, assignments, distinctions, achievements.

 Different types of bulletin boards:

1. Science bulletin boards:

 Science puzzle bulletin

 Science news bulletin
 Science cartoons bulletin

2. Classroom bulletin

 Principles in the use of the Bulletin Board :

 A board for posting notices should be kept separate from those for current events and
study.
 A suggested plan for placement of bulletin board is to have one near the educational
administrator's office, another near the library or study room for material in relation to
study, third board in conference hall or main wards, 4th one in classroom.
 The contents of the boards should be organized around a central theme of content and
materials should be dated to ensure that it does not remain or longer than desired.
 The appearance must be neat, orderly and attractive manner.
 The material should be changed frequently and systematically to encourage interest.
 Notices should be removed as soon as they have fulfilled their purpose.
 The contributions should be well-labelled.
 Student contributions should be encouraged and used.
 A bulletin board committee should be appointed, they are responsible to provide material,
and responsibility for editing the board should be placed on one person.
 All material should be organized in an attractive manner by dividing the board into
sections, each item placed under a suitable section.
 Crowding of display materials should be avoided.
 The pupil may be given responsibility for collection and display of appropriate material in
connection with certain specific lessons.
 The bulletin board should be kept a little above the eye level of the average individual.

 Basic characteristics of Bulletin Boards :

 They can be framed soft boards or straw boards or cork boards.

 Their size depends on the purpose.
 Dark blazer cloth works as a back drop.
 The height should be one meter above the ground.

 Purposes of bulletin boards : Bulletin boards are used for the following purposes,
 Communication of ideas
 Giving correct initial impression
 Broaden the sensory experience
 Intensify impressions
 Vitalize instructions
 Add variety to classroom activity
 Provide information
 Supplement and correlate instructions
 Save time
 Help students learn how to communicate ideas visually
 Facilitate class study of single copy material
 Encourage participation
 Provide a review

 Points to remember :

 The material in bulletin board should change periodically or else it may create disinterest
and the material loses its importance.
 Should be focused on the lesson topic or on current trends.
 It should be placed in classroom or in corridor or in a place where people's movement
more.
 On the top center should bear the topic.
 The height of the bulletin board should be one meter above the ground level.
 Display material to have good color balance, harmony and esthetic in nature.

 Guidelines for preparing and using Bulletin Boards

 Thumbnail sketches: Make several and then select one
 Procurement of material on a given subject.
 Sorting out relevant material
 Decide on a theme: Words should catch attention of viewers.
 Use of attention-directing devices.
 Should be displayed in an aesthetic manner and the area should be well lighted.
 Should be kept a little above eye level.
 Place the bulletin board near the doorway
 The content of a bulletin board should be organized around a central theme.
 Title of the topic must be fixed at the top and the material placed should be appropriately
dated and revised from time to time.
 The material should be organized properly by dividing the board, overcrowding of
content must be avoided.
 The board must have a neat, ordered and attractive appearance.
 Give due thoughts to eye catching leads.
 Make special reference during course of study
 Students can be asked to collect display material
 The content on the board should be changed regularly.
 There should be a separate board for posting routine notices of the institution.
 A bulletin board committee is responsible for editing the board from time to time.
 Do not leave the board for long after the teaching purpose is over.
 Take down displays from the board, return the borrowed items and file useful material.

 Advantages of Bulletin Boards : Using a bulletin board as supplementary aid to

other teaching aids has a few advantages. Some of the main advantages are listed below-

1. Bulletin boards work as a good supplement to normal classroom teaching

2. Bulletin boards arouse student interest in specific subjects.
3. Bulletin board displays can be effectively used as follow-up of chalkboard work.
4. Bulletin boards add color and liveliness to the classroom as they have decorative value
along with the educational value.
5. Bulletin board display can be used to introduce a topic and as well to review it.

 Limitations of Bulletin Boards

1. Not effective for illiterate groups.

2. Takes a lot of time for preplanning and preparation.
3. Cannot be used for an all-inclusive teaching.
4. Has to be used as a supplementary aid to other teaching aids.
5. Collection of relevant materials for certain topics may sometimes be difficult.

MAGNETIC BOARD
These are ferromagnetic display boards on which moveable displays can be produce using
materials that are made of (or backed with) magnetic materials, or are fitted with small
magnets. They can be used in much the same way as feltboards and hook and loop boards.

Magnetic Board

 Use of Magnetic Board : A magnetic chalkboard can be used in the following ways:
1. To write with chalk sticks, glass marking pencils and crayons.
2. To display pictures, cut-outs and light objects with disc magnets or magnetic holders.

A magnetic chalkboard can combine the functions of chalkboard and flannel board both.
The visual learning materials can be displayed easily and quickly with magnetic holders
along with writing the key points on the magnetic chalkboard.

These days some plastic cut-outs with magnetic holders are available in the market. Also
small disc magnets can be bought from the market and fixed on visual display material
using adhesives like quickfix. A magnetic chalkboard provides the flexibility of
movement of visual materials. Even light three dimensional objects can be displayed on
the magnetic chalkboard using magnetic holders.

 Guidelines for preparing and using Magnetic Boards :

A magnetic chalkboard can work as combination of chalkboard and flannel board type
display board. Thus, a magnetic chalkboard add the dimension of visual presentation to the
usual functions of a chalkboard or blackboard. While using a magnetic chalkboard, the points
for using are as follows,
 The contents of the board should be organized around the central theme.
 Appearance must be neat and orderly.
 The material should be displayed in an attractive manner.
 Avoid overcrowding on the board.
 It should be clearly seen by the group members.
 The displayed pictures should be sufficiently large in size.
 Remove the picture as soon as their purpose is over.

 Advantages of Magnetic Board: A magnetic board is a versatile teaching aid as it

combines the advantages of both the blackboard and flannel board ,

 It gives an advantage of movement of visual material by sliding it along the surface of

magnetic board which is not possible on a flannel board.
 Magnetic chalkboard is light and can be made portable.
 It can be easily constructed in a school by purchasing an iron sheet and applying the
blackboard paint on it.
 Makes concepts easy to understand.
 Saves time during the presentation.
 Keeps students well motivated.

 Conclusion : A bulletin board & magnetic board are place where people can leave
public messages, for example, to advertise things, to buy or sell, announce events or
provide information . Dormitory corridors, well-trafficked hallways, lobbies and
freestanding kiosks often have cork boards attached to facilitate the posting of notices. At
some universities, lamp posts, bollards, trees and walls often become impromptu posting
sites in areas where official boards are sparse in number.
 Bibliography :
 Sharma SK, Communication and Educational Technology; ELSEVIER, New Delhi, 2nd
Edition(2016);Page: 322-25
 Vati J, Nursing Management & Administration; JAYPEE Brothers Medical Publishers
(P) Ltd, New Delhi, 2nd Edition(2023); Page : 139-41
 Neerja KP, Textbook of Nursing Education; JAYPEE Brothers Medical Publishers (P)
Ltd, New Delhi, 3rd Edition(2013); Page: 351-53
 Clemet I, TEXTBOOK ON Communication & Educational Technology; EMMESS
Medical Publishers, Bangalore, 3rd Edition (2016); Page: 122-23
 Sub: Nursing Education
A Class Presentation
On
Bulletin Board &
Magnetic Board

Submitted to, Submitted by,

Madam N Sinha Shreya Putatunda
Professor MSc Nursing Part I
CON,NBMCH CON,NBMCH