Twyla Tharp

Twyla Tharp (/ˈtwaɪlə ˈθɑːrp/; born July 1, 1941) is an

American dancer, choreographer, and author who lives Twyla Tharp
and works in New York City. In 1965 she formed the
company Twyla Tharp Dance, which merged with
American Ballet Theatre in 1988. She regrouped the
company in 1991.[2] Her work often uses classical
music, jazz, and contemporary pop music.

From 1971 to 1988, Twyla Tharp Dance toured

extensively around the world, performing original
works. In 1973 Tharp choreographed Deuce Coupe to
the music of The Beach Boys for the Joffrey Ballet.
Deuce Coupe is considered the first "crossover ballet",
a mix of ballet and modern dance. Later she
choreographed Push Comes to Shove (1976), which
featured Mikhail Baryshnikov and is now thought to be
Tharp in 2004
the best example of crossover ballet.
Born July 1, 1941
On May 24, 2018, Tharp was awarded an honorary Portland, Indiana, U.S.[1]
Doctor of Arts degree by Harvard University.[3] Alma mater Pomona College
Barnard College
Occupation(s) Choreographer, dancer
Early life and education Years active 1960s–present

Tharp was born in 1941 on a farm in Portland, Indiana, Awards Drama Desk Award for
the daughter of William Tharp and Lecile (Confer) Outstanding Choreography,
Tharp.[1] She was named for Twila Thornburg, the "Pig 2003 Movin' Out
Princess" of the 89th Annual Muncie Fair. Primetime Emmy Award for
Outstanding Choreography
As a child, Tharp spent a few months each year living 1985 Baryshnikov by Tharp
with her Quaker grandparents on their farm in Indiana. with American Ballet Theatre
She would attend Quaker services three times a Tony Award for Best
week.[4] Choreography, 2003 Movin'
Out
Tharp's mother insisted she take lessons in dance, Website
[Link] ([Link]
various musical instruments, shorthand, German and
[Link])
French. In 1950, Tharp's family—younger sister
Twanette, twin brothers Stanley and Stanford, and her
parents—moved to Rialto, California.[5] William and Lecile operated Tharp Motors and Tharp Autos in
Rialto.[6] They opened a drive-in theater, where Tharp worked.[4] The drive-in was on the corner of
Acacia and Foothill, Rialto's major east–west artery and the path of Route 66.[7] She attended Pacific
High School in San Bernardino, studied at the Vera Lynn School of Dance, and studied ballet with
Beatrice Collenette.[8] A "devoted bookworm",[9] Tharp has said her schedule left little time for a social
life.[10] She attended Pomona College, but transferred to Barnard College after being caught making out
with her boyfriend and threatened with expulsion.[11] She graduated from Barnard with a degree in art
history in 1963.[12] In New York City, she studied with Richard Thomas, Martha Graham and Merce
Cunningham.[13] In 1963, Tharp joined the Paul Taylor Dance Company.

Career

Dances and ballets

In 1965, Tharp choreographed her first dance, Tank Dive,[14] and formed her own company, Twyla Tharp
Dance.[15] Her work often utilizes classical music, jazz, and contemporary pop music. From 1971 to
1988, Twyla Tharp Dance toured extensively around the world, performing original works.

In 1973, Tharp choreographed Deuce Coupe to the music of The Beach Boys for the Joffrey Ballet.
Deuce Coupe is considered the first crossover ballet. Later she choreographed Push Comes to Shove
(1976), which featured Mikhail Baryshnikov and is now thought to be the best example of crossover
ballet.

In 1988, Twyla Tharp Dance merged with American Ballet Theatre, since which time ABT has premiered
16 of Tharp's works. In 2010 it had 20 of her works in its repertory. Tharp has since choreographed
dances for Paris Opera Ballet, The Royal Ballet, New York City Ballet, Boston Ballet, Joffrey Ballet,
Pacific Northwest Ballet, Miami City Ballet, American Ballet Theatre, Hubbard Street Dance and Martha
Graham Dance Company. She also created the dance roadshow Cutting Up (1992) with Baryshnikov,
which went on to tour and appeared in 28 cities over two months.[16]

In 2000, Twyla Tharp Dance regrouped with entirely new dancers. This company also performed around
the world, and with it Tharp developed the material that became Movin' Out, an award-winning
Broadway musical featuring the songs of Billy Joel and starring many of the dancers in the company.[17]

In 2012, Tharp created the full-length ballet The Princess and the Goblin,[18] based on George
MacDonald's story The Princess and the Goblin. It is her first ballet to include children, and was co-
commissioned by Atlanta Ballet and Royal Winnipeg Ballet and performed by both companies.

Tharp was the first Artist in Residency (A.I.R.) at Pacific Northwest Ballet in Seattle. During this time
she created and premiered Waiting At The Station, a work with music by R&B artist Allen Toussaint and
sets and costumes by longtime collaborator Santo Loquasto.

A number of prominent fashion designers have designed costumes for Tharp, including Oscar de la
Renta, Calvin Klein, and Norma Kamali.[4]

Broadway
In 1980, Tharp's work first appeared on Broadway with Twyla Tharp Dance performing When We Were
Very Young, followed in 1981 by The Catherine Wheel, her collaboration with David Byrne at the Winter
Garden. Wheel was broadcast on PBS and its soundtrack released on LP. Her dance piece Fait Accompli
 was set to music by David Van Tieghem as released on the These
Things Happen LP (1984).

In 1985, her staging of Singin' in the Rain played at the Gershwin

for 367 performances.[19]

Tharp premiered her dance musical Movin' Out, set to the music
and lyrics of Billy Joel, in Chicago in 2001.[20] The show opened
on Broadway in 2002.[21] Movin' Out ran for 1,331 performances
on Broadway. A national tour opened in January 2004. It received
10 Tony nominations and Tharp won Best Choreographer.[22]

Tharp opened a new show, The Times They Are a-Changin', to the
music of Bob Dylan in 2005 at The Old Globe Theatre in San
Tharp in 1981 Diego. The Times They are A-Changin' set the records for the
highest-grossing show and highest ticket sales as of the date of
closing (March 2006).[23] It was also the first show to receive a
second extension before the first preview. After its run in California, the New York show ran for 35
previews and 28 performances.

In 2009, Tharp worked with the songs of Frank Sinatra to mount Come Fly with Me, which ran at the
Alliance Theater in Atlanta and was the best-selling four-week run as of the date of closing in 2009.[24]
Renamed Come Fly Away, the show opened on Broadway in 2010 at the Marquis Theatre and ran for 26
previews and 188 performances. Come Fly Away, was retooled and opened under the title Sinatra: Dance
with Me at The Wynn Las Vegas in 2011. Come Fly Away National Tour opened in Atlanta in August
2011.

Film and television

Tharp collaborated with film directors Miloš Forman on Hair (1978), Ragtime (1980) and Amadeus
(1983); Taylor Hackford on White Nights (1985); and James Brooks on I'll Do Anything (1994).

Television credits include choreographing Sue's Leg (1976) for the inaugural episode of the PBS program
Dance in America; co-producing and directing Making Television Dance (1977), which won the Chicago
International Film Festival Award; and directing The Catherine Wheel (1983) for BBC Television. Tharp
co-directed the award-winning television special "Baryshnikov by Tharp" in 1984.

Author
Tharp has written four books: an early autobiography, Push Comes to Shove (1992; Bantam Books); The
Creative Habit: Learn It and Use It for Life (2003, Simon & Schuster), translated into Spanish, Chinese,
Russian, Korean, Thai and Japanese; The Collaborative Habit (2009, Simon & Schuster), translated into
Thai, Chinese and Korean; and Keep It Moving (2019). She has said that The Creative Habit is about
cybernetics, especially in the several Greek-themed creative exercises, such as the Coin Drop; the Coin
Drop, as an exercise in extracting ordered meaning from chaos, is derived from the astrological muse
Urania, in that random coins falling onto a flat surface can be used to develop pattern analysis skills. The
astrological theme is an etymological underpinning of cybernetics' tradition of "guiding a boat" by
sighting stellar references according to ancient Greek navigation.

Works chronology

Dances/ballets/theatre
Tank Dive 4/29/65
Stage Show 7/7/65
Stride 8/9/65
Cede Blue Lake 12/1/65
Unprocessed 12/1/65
Re-Moves 10/18/66
Twelve Foot Change 10/18/66
One, Two, Three 2/2/67
Jam 2/4/67
Disperse 4/27/67
Yancey Dance 7/1/67
Three Page Sonata 7/6/67
Forevermore 2/9/68
Generation 2/9/68
One Way 2/9/68
Excess, Idle, Surplus 4/25/68
Group Activities 1/13/69
After Suite 2/2/69
Medley 7/19/69
Dancing In The Streets 11/11/69
Sowing Of Seeds 6/7/70
The Willie Smith Series 7/10/70
Rose's Cross Country 8/1/70
Fugue, The 8/1/70
The One Hundreds 8/1/70
11-Minute Abstract, Repertory 1965-70 11/16/70
The History of Up and Down, I and II 1/22/71
Sunrise, Noon, Sundown 5/28/71
Mozart Sonata K.545 8/1/71
Eight Jelly Rolls 9/16/71
Torelli 11/2/71
Piano Rolls 11/7/71
The Bix Pieces 4/14/71
The Raggedy Dances 10/26/72
Deuce Coupe (ballet) 2/8/73
As Time Goes By 10/10/73
In the Beginnings 1/26/74
All About Eggs 2/1/74
The Fugue on London Weekend Television 4/22/74
Twyla Tharp and Eight Jelly Rolls 5/12/74
Bach Duet 9/5/74
Deuce Coupe II 2/1/75
Sue's Leg 2/21/75
The Double Cross 2/21/75
Ocean's Motion 6/22/75
Rags Suite Duet 9/10/75
Push Comes To Shove 1/9/76
Sue's Leg, Remembering the Thirties 3/24/76
Give and Take 3/25/76
Once More Frank 7/12/76
Country Dances 9/4/76
Happily Ever After 11/3/76
After All 11/15/76
Cacklin' Hen 2/14/77
Fifty Ways To Leave Your Lover 5/12/77
Mud 5/12/77
Simon Medley 5/12/77
The Hodge Podge 5/12/77
1903 2/2/79
Chapters and Verses 2/2/79
Baker's Dozen 2/15/79
Three Dances From The Film "Hair" 2/15/79
Three Fanfares 3/14/79
Brahms Paganini 2/8/80
Deuce Coupe III 2/8/80
Assorted Quartets 7/29/80
Third Suite 8/26/80
Short Stories 8/27/80
Uncle Edgar Dyed His Hair Red 2/28/81
The Catherine Wheel 9/22/81 (music by David Byrne)
Nine Sinatra Songs 10/15/82
Bad Smells 10/15/82
The Little Ballet 4/1/84
Telemann 11/4/83
Fait Accompli 11/8/83 (music by David Van Tieghem)
"The Golden Section" 11/8/83 (music by David Byrne) (also filmed for PBS)
Sinatra Suite 12/6/83
Bach Partita 12/9/83
Brahms/Handel (ballet), choreography by Tharp and Jerome Robbins 6/7/84
Sorrow Floats 7/5/84
Singin' in the Rain - Broadway 7/2/85
In The Upper Room 8/28/86 (music by Philip Glass)
Ballare 8/30/86
The Catherine Wheel III 2/2/87
Quartet 2/4/89
Bum's Rush 2/8/89
Rules of the Game 2/17/89
Everlast 2/21/89
Brief Fling 2/28/90
Grand Pas: Rhythm of the Saints 10/1/91 (music by Paul Simon)
Men's Piece 10/4/91
Octet 10/4/91
Sextet 1/30/92
Cutting Up: A Dance Roadshow 11/27/93
Bare Bones 11/27/93
Pergolesi 6/4/93
Demeter & Persephone 10/5/93
Waterbaby Bagatelles 4/30/94
"New Works" Twyla Tharp in Washington: Red, White & Blues" 9/13/94
How Near Heaven 3/3/95
Americans We 5/1/95
Jump Start 5/1/95
I Remember Clifford 8/9/95
Mr. Worldly Wise 12/9/95
The Elements 5/3/96
Sweet Fields 9/20/96
"66" 9/20/96
Heroes 9/20/96
Roy's Joys 8/18/97
Story Teller, The 10/29/97
Noir 1/30/98
Yemaya 3/13/98
Known By Heart Duet 8/6/98
Diabelli 10/22/98
Known By Heart 11/3/98
The Junk Duet 11/3/98
Grosse Sonate 7/1/98
Beethoven Seventh 1/22/00
The Brahms/Haydn Variations aka: Variations on a Theme by Haydn 3/21/00
Mozart Clarinet Quintet K. 581 7/6/00
Surfer At The River Styx 7/6/00
Westerly Round 6/23/01
Movin' Out - Chicago 6/25/02
Movin' Out - New York 10/24/02
Even The King 1/11/03
Movin' Out - US Tour 1/27/04
 The Times They Are A-Changin' - California 2/9/06
Catherine Wheel Suite 5/11/06
The Times They Are A-Changin' - New York 10/26/06
NIGHTSPOT 3/28/08
Rabbit and Rogue 6/3/08 (music by Danny Elfman)
Opus 111 9/25/08
Afternoon Ball 9/25/08
Come Fly With Me 9/23/09
Come Fly Away 3/25/10
Sinatra: Dance With Me - 12/11/10
Armenia 4/23/11
Come Fly Away Tour 8/3/11
Scarlatti 10/13/11
The Princess and The Goblin - Atlanta 2/10/12
The Princess and the Goblin - Winnipeg 10/17/12
Treefrog in Stonehenge 07/26/13
Waiting at the Station 09/27/13
Come Fly Away (Ballet) 09/28/13
Beethoven Opus 130 2016
Brel 2/13/2024
The Ballet Master 2/13/2024

Collaborative work
Brahms/Handel with Jerome Robbins 6/7/84

Filmography
Hair 3/12/78
Ragtime 1980
Amadeus 9/19/84
White Nights 12/6/85
I'll Do Anything 1994

Video
Scrapbook Tape 10/25/82
The Catherine Wheel 3/1/83
Baryshnikov by Tharp / Push Comes to Shove 10/5/84
Twyla Tharp: Oppositions 4/24/96

Television
The Bix Pieces (series of productions) 1973
Making Television Dance 10/4/77
 Dance Is A Man's Sport Too 1980
Confessions of a Cornermaker 10/13/81
Catherine Wheel, PBS 3/1/83
"The Golden Section" from Dance in America: Miami City Ballet 10/28/11

Books
Tharp, Twyla (December 1992), Push Comes to Shove, Bantam Books, ISBN 0553073060
Tharp, Twyla (September 29, 2003), The Creative Habit: Learn It and Use It for Life, Simon
& Schuster, ISBN 9780743235266
Tharp, Twyla (November 24, 2009), The Collaborative Habit: Learn It and Use It for Life,
Simon & Schuster, ISBN 9781416576518
Tharp, Twyla (October 29, 2019), Keep It Moving: Lessons for the Rest of Your Life, Simon
& Schuster, ISBN 9781982101305

Honors and awards

Tharp has received two Emmy Awards, 19 honorary doctorates, the Vietnam Veterans of America
President's Award, the 2004 National Medal of the Arts, and numerous grants, including a MacArthur
Fellowship.[25] She is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American
Philosophical Society,[26] and an Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters.

At the 1982 Barnard College commencement ceremonies, Tharp's alma mater awarded her its highest
honor, the Barnard Medal of Distinction.

She received the Tony Award for Best Choreography and the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding
Choreography for Movin' Out. She received a Drama Desk nomination for Outstanding Choreography for
Singin' in the Rain.

Tharp was named a Kennedy Center Honoree for 2008.[27] She was inducted into the Academy of
Achievement in 1993.[28]

From 2013 to 2014, the Smithsonian National Portrait Gallery featured Tharp in the critically acclaimed
"Dancing the Dream" exhibition as a pioneer of American modern dance.[29]

On May 24, 2018, she was awarded the Doctor of Arts degree by Harvard University.[3]

Awards by year
1965

Walter Gutman
1969

George Irwin
The Lepercq Foundation
1970
 Foundation for the Contemporary Performing Arts, 1970
Guggenheim Foundation Fellowship, John S. Guggenheim Memorial Foundation
The Emma A. Sheafer Trust, 1970–1981, 1985
1971

John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, 1971, 1974

National Endowment for the Arts Choreographers Fellowship, 1971, 1973
New York State Council on the Arts Annual Support, 1971–1986
1972

Brandeis University, Creative Arts Citation

1973

National Endowment for the Arts Annual Support, 1973–1986

1974

Creative Artists Public Service Program

Edward John Nobel Foundation
New York Public Library Dance Collection
The Place Trust, London
The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, 1974–1978, 1982, 1983, 1986
1975

Eight Jelly Rolls, 1st in Festival in Video and Modern Dance Video Certificate of Honor
Making Television Dance, Modern Dance Video Certificate of Merit
1976

Mademoiselle Magazine, Mademoiselle Magazine Award

Exxon Corporation, 1976, 1980, 1982–1984, 1986
1977

The Green Fund, 1977, 1980, 1981

National Endowment for the Arts Challenge Grant, 1977, 1985
The Shubert Foundation, 1977, 1978, 1980–1986
1978

Dance Film Association, 7th Annual Dance Video and Film Festival
Honorary Degree, California Institute of the Arts
Silver Satellite Award for Making Television Dance, American Women in Radio & Television
The Ford Foundation, 1978, 1980
The Ford Motor Company, 1978–1985
The Surdna Foundation, 1978, 1980, 1985
1979

Soho Arts Second Annual Awards, The SoHo Weekly News

Honorary Degree, Bucknell University
 The Scherman Foundation, 1979, 1980, 1982–1985
United Artists
The David Merrick Arts Foundation
Mobil Foundation, Inc., 1979, 1981–1986
1980

Honorary Degree, Bates College

Dance Educators of America Award for Making Television Dance
Screening and Red Ribbon Award for Making Television Dance
The Booth Ferris Foundation
Chase Manhattan Bank, 1980–1982
Con Ed, 1980–1985
Morgan Guarantee Trust, 1980–1981, 1983–1984, 1986
The Jerome Robbins Foundation, 1980, 1983
1981

Film Library Association American Film Festival

Honorary Degree, Bard College
Honorary Degree, Brown University
Dance Magazine Award, Dance Magazine
Dance Film Award for Making Television Dance, Chicago International Film Festival
Indiana Arts Award, Indiana Arts Commission
Citibank, 1981–1986
Doll Foundation, 1981–1986
Weil Foundation
Norman and Rosita Winston Foundation
Rockefeller Foundation
1982

Medal of Distinction, Barnard College

Chemical Bank, 1982–1986
National Corporate Fund for Dance, 1982–1985
Robert Sterling Clark Foundation
Ida and William Rosenthal Foundation, 1982, 1986
New York Telephone, 1982–1985
1983

Spirit of Achievement Award, Albert Einstein College of Medicine

Honorary Degree, Williams College
Indiana Arts Award, Indiana Arts Commission
The Thorne Foundation
Lila Wallace-Reader's Digest Fund, 1983–1984, 1986
C.L. Glazer Trust
The Klingenstein Fund
Warner Communications
1984

Mayor's Award of Honor for Arts and Culture, Edward I. Koch, New York City
Dance Masters of America 1984 Choreographer's Award
Arthur Andersen and Company, 1984–1986
Japan-U.S. Friendship Commission
Booth Ferris Foundation
Brooklyn Union and Gas
Merrill Lynch, 1984, 1986
New York Times Company Foundation, 1984–1986
1985

Emmy Awards for Baryshnikov by Tharp choreography and co-direction, Academy of

Television Arts and Sciences
Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement for Baryshnikov
by Tharp
Indiana Arts Award, Indiana Arts Commission
APA Trucking
The Charles Engelhard Foundation
Corporate Property Investors
Hausman Belding Foundation
Gerald D. Hines Interests
GFI/Knoll International
NBC, 1985–1986
Samuel I. Newhouse Foundation, 1985, 1986
Zayre Corporation
1986

University Medal of Excellence, Columbia University

Bankers Trust
Cadillac Fairview
MCA
Manufacturers Hanover Trust Company
Ridgewood Energy Corporation
1987

Honorary Degree, Indiana University

Honorary Degree, Pomona College
1988

Honorary Degree, Hamilton College

Honorary Degree, Skidmore College
1989

Honorary Degree, Marymount Manhattan College

Lions of the Performing Arts Award, New York Public Library
1990

Samuel M. Scripps Award, American Dance Festival

1991

Laurence Olivier Award for In the Upper Room, Laurence Olivier Foundation
Wexner Foundation Award, The Ohio State University Wexner Center for the Arts
1992

MacArthur Fellowship, John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation

Ruth Page Visiting Arts, Harvard University, 1992–1993
1993

Golden Plate Award, American Academy of Achievement[28]

Woman of Achievement, Barnard College
Inducted, American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1996

Arts Award, Dickinson College

Honorary Degree, Ball State University
Distinguished Artist Award, International Society For The Performing Arts
1997

American Honorary Member, American Academy of Arts and Letters

1998

Trust for Mutual Understanding

1999

MOCA Award to Distinguished Women In The Arts, Museum Of Contemporary Art

2000

The Doris Duke Awards for New Work

2001

Women's Project & Productions Exceptional Achievement Award

2002

New York Awards Lifetime Achievement

2003

Drama Desk Award Outstanding Choreography: Movin' Out

Tony Award Best Choreography: Movin' Out
Drama League Outstanding Achievement Award for Musical Theatre
TDF/Astaire Award Best Choreographer: Movin' Out
Indiana Living Legend, Indiana Historical Society
 Glamour Woman of the Year Award
Outstanding Contribution to the Arts Award North Carolina School of the Arts
Honorary Doctorate, North Carolina School of the Arts
2004

National Medal of Arts

Vietnam Veterans of America President's Award for Excellence in the Arts
Independent Reviewers of New England Award Best Choreography: Movin' Out. Broadway
in Boston
Goddard Space Flight Center's Center Director's Colloquium Citation for Enlightening,
Creative and Thought-Provoking Presentation
2005

Best Choreography: Movin' Out. Touring Broadway Awards

Jane Addams Medal for Distinguished Service presented by Rockford College
2006

Princess Grace Award – Outstanding Artistry

Critics Circle Dance Award Outstanding Choreography: Movin' Out. London
2007

Honorary Degree, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina

Honorary Degree, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ
Touring Broadway Award: Best Choreography for a touring show for Movin' Out
2008

The Jerome Robbins Prize

The Kennedy Center Honors
Woman of the Year Award, presented by Nevada State Ballet
2009

U.S. News & World Report: listed on "America's Best Leaders"

Leadership at Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government
2010

The IAL Diamond Award for Achievement in the Arts, presented by Columbia University's
The Varsity Show
The Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Choreographer: Come Fly Away
Lifetime Achievement Award, presented by The American Academy of Hospitality Sciences
Suzi Bass Award for Best Choreography: "Come Fly With Me"
Rolex Dance Award
2011

The Vasterling Award, Presented by Nashville Ballet

Honorary Degree, The Juilliard School, New York, NY
TITAS Award for Contributions to the Arts
 Woman of Achievement Award, Meredith College
Spotlight Award, Presented by Hubbard Street Dance Chicago
2013

Lifetime Achievement Award, presented by Tribeca Film Festival

2014

62nd Capezio Dance Award

Honorary Degree, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA

Personal life
Until 1972 Tharp was married to painter Robert Huot,[30] by whom she has a son, Jesse Huot, who acts as
her business manager. She also has a grandson.[31][32]

See also
List of dancers

Citations
1. "Twyla Tharp" ([Link] Encyclopædia
Britannica. December 31, 2015. Retrieved December 23, 2016.
2. "Twyla Tharp" ([Link] [Link].
MacArthurFoundation. Retrieved May 1, 2024.
3. "Harvard awards seven honorary degrees" ([Link]
harvard-awards-seven-honorary-degrees/). May 24, 2018.
4. "Interview with Twyla Tharp" ([Link] Interviews
with Max Raskin. Retrieved December 22, 2022.
5. Hebert, James (January 29, 2006). "Twyla Tharp found a kindred spirit to inspire "The Times
They Are A-Changin'" at Old Globe" ([Link]
ws_lz1a29tharp.html). The San Diego Union-Tribune. Retrieved February 16, 2009.
6. "William Tharp, San Bernardino". The San Bernardino Sun. May 14, 1971.
7. Adams, John Anthony (2004). Rialto ([Link]
&q=tharp+drive-in&pg=PA85). Images Of America. Arcadia Publishing. p. 85. ISBN 0-7385-
2892-7. Retrieved July 23, 2008.
8. James Robert Parish, Twyla Tharp ([Link]
Beatrice+Collenette&pg=PA14) (Infobase Publishing 2009): 14-15. ISBN 9781438112114
9. "Tharp Is Back Where the Air Is Rarefied" ([Link]
[Link]), by Gia Kourlas, The New York Times, March 5, 2010 (March 7, 2010, p. AR1
NY ed.). Retrieved March 7, 2010.
10. "Twyla Tharp Biography and Interview" ([Link]
nterview). [Link]. American Academy of Achievement.
11. Tharp 1992, pp. 46–47.
12. "Twyla Tharp" ([Link]
[Link]). [Link]. Retrieved July 29, 2020.
13. Craine, Debra and Judith Mackrell. (2010). The Oxford Dictionary of Dance, p. 450 ([Link]
[Link]/books?id=42g8Hp-xA48C&pg=PA450).
14. Kourlas, Gia (April 4, 2015). "Twyla Tharp's 50 Years of Forward Movement" ([Link]
[Link]/2015/04/05/arts/dance/[Link]?ref=dan
ce&_r=0). The New York Times. Retrieved April 6, 2015.
15. "Twyla Tharp" ([Link] Britannica Academic.
Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
16. Sigel, Marcia B (2006). Howling Near Heaven: Twyla Tharp and the Reinvention of Modern
Dance ([Link] New
York: St. Martin's Press. p. 156. ISBN 9781429908771.
17. Pogrebin, Robin (December 12, 2002). "Movin' Out Beyond Missteps; How Twyla Tharp
Turned a Problem in Chicago Into a Hit on Broadway" ([Link] New York
Times. Retrieved August 19, 2022.
18. Seibert, Brian (February 12, 2012). "Toe Shoes That Carry a Princess to Victory" ([Link]
[Link]/2012/02/13/arts/dance/[Link]). The
New York Times. Retrieved March 3, 2012.
19. Rich, Frank (July 3, 1985). "THE STAGE: 'SINGIN' IN THE RAIN' OPENS" ([Link]
[Link]/1985/07/03/theater/[Link]). The New York Times.
ISSN 0362-4331 ([Link] Retrieved September 29,
2017.
20. Segal, Lewis (September 20, 2004). " 'Movin' Out' as fast as they can" ([Link]
om/archives/[Link]). Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-
3035 ([Link] Retrieved June 12, 2022.
21. "Billy Joel | American musician" ([Link]
5). Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved September 29, 2017.
22. "THEATER/THE TONY AWARDS; How Twyla Tharp Learned to Tell a Tale" ([Link]
[Link]/2003/06/01/theater/theater-the-tony-awards-how-twyla-tharp-learned-to-tell-a-tale.
html). The New York Times. June 1, 2003. ISSN 0362-4331 ([Link]
n/0362-4331). Retrieved September 29, 2017.
23. Marketing Statement from The Old Globe Theatre in San Diego
24. Marketing Statement from Alliance Theater
25. "Twyla Tharp" ([Link]
[Link]. Retrieved October 30, 2024.
26. "APS Member History" ([Link]
itle=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced).
[Link]. Retrieved March 1, 2021.
27. Gans, Andrew (September 9, 2008). "Streisand, Freeman, Tharp, Jones, Townshend and
Daltrey Are 2008 Kennedy Center Honorees" ([Link]
man-tharp-jones-townshend-and-daltrey-are-2008-kennedy-center-honorees-com-153101).
Playbill. Retrieved June 12, 2022.
28. "Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement" ([Link]
g/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#the-arts). [Link]. American Academy of
Achievement.
29. Macaulay, Alastair (March 6, 2014). "A Nation's Soul, Tapping and Twirling A Century of
American Wonders, in 'Dancing the Dream' " ([Link]
gn/[Link]). The New York Times.
Retrieved June 14, 2015.
30. Witchel, Alex (October 22, 2006). "To Dance Beneath the Diamond Skies" ([Link]
[Link]/2006/10/22/magazine/[Link]). The New York Times. Retrieved May 5, 2021.
31. Kourlas, Gia (February 3, 2012). "Tharp's New Tale, Woven In Dance" ([Link]
com/2012/02/05/arts/dance/[Link]?scp
 =18&sq=ballet&st=cse). The New York Times. Retrieved March 3, 2012.
32. "The ballet and the music of In The Upper Room: an interview with Jesse Huot" ([Link]
[Link]/post/the-ballet-and-the-music-of-in-the-upper-room-an-interview-with-jesse-huo
t). Birmingham Royal Ballet. Retrieved February 15, 2019.

General and cited sources

Siegel, Marcia B (2006). Howling Near Heaven. New York: St. Martin's Press.
Tharp, Twyla (1992). Push Comes to Shove: An Autobiography. New York: Bantam.
ISBN 978-0553073065.

External links
Official website ([Link]
Twyla Tharp ([Link] at the Internet Broadway
Database
Twyla Tharp ([Link] at IMDb
Archival footage of Twyla Tharp's Nine Sinatra Songs in 1993 at Jacob's Pillow ([Link]
[Link]/web/20120406065806/[Link]
reet-dance-chicago?ref=artist&refcar=%2Fartist%2Fs-t)
Twyla Tharp performing The One Hundreds in 2001 at Jacob's Pillow ([Link]
g/web/20120406065819/[Link]
&refcar=%2Fartist%2Fs-t)
Alvin Ailey performing a ballet by Twyla Tharp ([Link]
WuTEU)
Twyla Tharp Biography and Interview on American Academy of Achievement ([Link]
[Link]/achiever/twyla-tharp/#interview)
American Masters (S35 Ep3) Twyla Moves ([Link]
a-tharp-documentary/16724/)

Retrieved from "[Link]