UNITED INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

EXAMINATION ORIENTED BRIEFING

ENGINEERING MATEMATICS-I
BAS-103S

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 UNIT-I (MATRICES)

[Link] the inverse of matrix using elementary row operations

[ ]
2 3 4
A= 4 3 1 , (2020-21)
1 2 4

2. Find the rank of the following matrix by reducing it to normal form.

[ ]
1 3 4 2
2 −1 3 2
A= (2019-20)
3 −5 2 2
6 −3 8 6
3. Find non-singular matrix such that PAQ is normal form.

A=¿ [1 1 2¿ ][1 2 3¿ ]¿ ¿¿
¿ (2020-21)
4. Test the consistency of following system of linear equations and hence find solutions, if
exists
10y+3z=0, 3x + 3y+ 2z= 1, 2x- 3y-z = 5, x+2y=4 (2012-13)
(2018)
5. Solve the system of homogeneous equations:
x 1+ x2 + x 3 + x 4=0 , x 1 +3 x2 +2 x 3+ 4 x 4 =0 , 2 x 1 + x 3 − x 4=0 (2023-24)
6. Investigate, for what values of λ & µ the system of equations,
x+y+z=6
x +2 y +3 z = 10
x + 2y + λ z = μ have (i) No solution (ii) unique solution (iii) infinite solution.
(2015-16, 2018, 1920-21)
7. Show that the equations are consistent and solve them:
x +2y - z = 3
3x - y + 2z = 1
2x -2 y +3z = 2. x-y+z=-1 (2013-14)
8. Find the eigen values and corresponding eigen vector of the following matrices:

A=¿ [2 1 1¿] [2 3 2¿] ¿ ¿¿ [ ]

2 0 1
0 3 0
(a) ¿ (2021-22) (b)
1 0 2
.
(2020-21)

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 A=¿ [1 2 2¿] [0 2 1¿ ]¿ ¿¿
9. Determine eigen vectors for the matrix ¿
(2023-24)

10. Using Cayley- Hamilton theorem, find the inverse of the matrix:

[ ]
1 2 3
A= 2 4 5 . Also express the polynomial
3 5 6
B= A 8−11 A 7 −4 A 6 + A 5 + A 4 −11 A 3 −3 A 2 + 2 A+ I .
as a quadratic polynomial in A and hence find B. (2018-19)

[ ]
4 0 1
−1
11. Verify Cayley- Hamilton theorem for the matrix A= 0 1 2 and hence find A .
1 0 1
(2019-20)

*******

UNIT-II
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS-I
LEIBNITZ THEOREM: Ifu and v are two functions of x, then

dn n n n n n
n
(uv )  c u
0 n v  c u v
1 n 1 1  c u v
2 n 2 2  .......... c u v
r n r r  ......... cn uvn ,
dx
where suffixes of u and v denote differentiations w. r. t. x.
EULER’STHEOREM ON HOMOGENEOUS FUNCTIONS:

∂u ∂u
x +y =nu
If u is a homogeneous function of degree n in x and y, then ∂x ∂y
If u is a homogeneous function of degree n in x and y, then

∂2 u
2 ∂2 u 2
2∂ u
x + 2 xy +y =n( n−1 )u
∂x 2 ∂ x ∂ y ∂y 2

DEDUCTIONS FROM EULER’S THEOREM:

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If F (u)=V ( x, y), where V is a homogeneous function in x and y of degree n, then

∂u ∂u F ( u)
x +y =n
∂x ∂y F ' ( u)
Important Questions

1. If y=(sin-1x)2 prove that

(1−x 2 ) y n+2 −(2n+1)xy n+1−n 2 y n =0 and find
( y n ) x=0
(2006,2009,2011 ,2014)
logy
2. If x=sin ( a ) show that
(1−x 2 ) y n+2 −(2n+ 1)xy n+1−(n2 + a2 ) y n=0
(2010,2012)
m
3. If y=[ x+ √ ( 1+x ) ] find
2
( y n ) x=0 . (2013,2021-22)

4. If y=sin(msin−1 x ) show that

( x+ 1)2 y n+2 +(2 n+1)( x +1) y n+1 +(n2 + 4 ) y n =0 . And hence calculate yn
when x=0 (2018-19,2020-21)
1 1
−
m m
5. If y + y =2 x , Prove that
2
( x −1 ) y n+2 +(2 n+1 )xy n+1 +(n2 −m2 ) y n =0
(2011,15)

∂2 f ∂2 f 1
2 2 2 + =f ''(r )+ f ' (r )
6. If u=f ( r ) where r =x + y show that ∂ x 2
∂ y 2 r
(2006,2007,2010,2015

7. u −v −u v
If z=f (x , y ), x=e + e , y=e − e then show that

∂z ∂ z ∂x ∂z
− =x −y
∂u ∂ v ∂x ∂y
(2023-24)

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 ∂3 u 2 2 2
=(1+3 xyz+x y z )u
prove that ∂ x ∂ y ∂ z
xyz
8. Ifu=e
(2007,2009)
x y z
r = , s= , t= ,
9. If u=f (r , s , t ) and y z x prove that
∂ u ∂u ∂ u
x + y +z =0 .
∂x ∂ y ∂z (2018)

UNIT-III (DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS-II)

TAYYLOR’S THEOREM AND MACLAURIN’S THEOREM FOR A FUNCTION OF
TWO VARIABLES
TAYYLORS THEOREM FOR A FUNCTION OF TWO VARIABLES AT THE POINT
(a, b).

1
f ( x, y )=f (a, b)+[( x−a)f x (a ,b )+( y−b) f y (a, b)]+ [( x−a )2 f xx (a ,b )
2!
1
+2( x−a)( y−b)f xy (a , b)+( y−b)2 f yy ( a,b)]+ [( x−a)3 f xxx (a ,b )+3( x−a)2 ( y−b)f xxy ( a,b)
3!
2 3
+3( x−a )( yy−b) f xyy (a ,b )+( y−b ) f yyy (a, b)]+. .. . .. .
Cor: Putting a=0 , b=0 in above equation, we get

1 2
f ( x, y )=f (0,0)+[ xf x (0,0)+ yf y (0,0)]+ [ x f xx (0,0)
2!
1 3
+2 xyf xy (0,0)+ y 2 f yy (0,0)]+ [ x f xxx (0,0)+3 x2 yf xxy (0,0)
3!
+3 xy 2 f xyy (0,0)+ y 3 f yyy (0,0)]+.......
This is called Maclaurins Theorem for two variables.

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 ax
1. Expand e sin b y in powers of x and y as for as terms of the third degree.
(2011)

2. Express the function f ( x , y )=x 2 +3 y 2−9 x−9 y as a Taylors series

expansion about the point (1, 2). (2017, 2018)

Expand x in powers of ( x−1) and ( y−1 ) up to third degree terms and hence
y
3.
1 .02
evaluate (1.1) . (2021-22)
x
4. Expand y in powers of ( x−1) and ( y−1 ) up to third degree terms.
(2013-14)

JACOBIANS

Definition: If u and v are functions of two independent variables x and y , then the
determinant

∂u ∂u
| ¿|¿ ¿¿
∂x ∂y
¿ is called the Jacobian or functional determinant of u and v with respect
∂(u , v)
or J (u , v).
to x and y . It is written as ∂(x , y)
∂(x , y )
v v .
1. If x=e sec u , y =e tan u , then evaluate ∂(u , v ) (2020-21)
∂(u , v )
u=x ( 1 − y ) , v=xy , .
2. If find ∂(x , y ) (2019-20)
x2 x3 x x x x
y 1= , y 2= 1 3 , y 3= 1 2 ,
3. If x1 x2 x3 then show that
∂( y1 , y 2 , y 3 )
=4 .
∂( x 1 , x 2 , x3 )
(2019-20)

Jacobian of Implicit Functions:

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4. If u3 +v 3 +w 3=x + y + z , u 2 +v 2 +w 2=x 3 + y 3 + z 3 and
2 2 2
u+ v+ w=x + y + z , then show that
∂(u , v , w ) ( x− y )( y−z )( z−x )
= .
∂( x , y , z) (u−v )(v−w)( w−u ) (2019-20)(2020-21)

5. If u3 +v + w=x + y 2 + z2 , u+ v 3 + w=x 2 + y+ z 2 and

u+ v+ w3 =x 2 + y 2 + z , then show that

∂(u , v , w ) 1−4( x y
=
∂( x , y , z ) 2−3(u 2
(2019-20)

3 3 3
6. If u . v , w are the roots of the equation ( x−a ) +( x−b ) +( x−c ) =0 , then find
∂(u , v, w )
.
∂(a ,b , c ) (2018-19)

3 3 3
7. If u. v , w are the roots of the equation ( λ−x ) +( λ− y ) +( λ−z ) =0 ,
∂(u , v , w )
.
cubic in λ , then find ∂( x , y , z)
(2021-22)

8. Find the Jacobian of the function

y 1 =( x 1 −x2 )( x 2 + x 3 ),
y 2 =( x 1 + x 2 )( x 2−x 3 ), y 3 =x 2 ( x 1 −x3 ), hence show that the functions are not

independent. Find the relation between them. Ans

y 1 + y 2−2 y 3 =0 .
(2022-23)

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9. Show that the functions: u=x+ y+ z , v=x 2 + y 2 +z 2 −2 xy−2 yz−2 zx and
3 3 3
w=x + y +z −3 xyz are functionally related. Find the relation between them. Ans

4 w=u (u2 +3 v ). (2018-19), (2014-15)

MAXIMA AND MINIMA

1. Find the extreme values of the function x 3 + y 3 −3 a . xy. (2012-13)

2. A rectangular box, open at the top, is to have a given capacity. Find the dimensions of the
box requiring least material for its construction.

x−3 y−5 z−7

= =
1 −2 1
3. Find the shortest distance between the lines and
x+1 y +1 z +1
= = .
7 −6 1

LAGRANGE’S METHOD OF UNDETERMINE MULTIPLIERS:

4. Find the volume of the largest rectangular parallelopiped that can be inscribed in the
ellipsoid

x2 y 2 z 2
2
+ 2 + 2 =1 .
a b c (2019-20)

5. Find the maximum or minimum distances of the point (1, 2, −1) from the sphere

x 2 + y 2 + z 2=24 . (2019, 2018, 2015)

6. Find the maximum or minimum distances of the point (3, 4, 12) from the sphere
x 2 + y 2 + z 2=1 . (2010)
7. Divide 24 into three parts such that continued product of first, square of second and
cube of third may be maximum. (2020-21)
8. A rectangular box which is open at the top having capacity 32 c.c. Determine, using
Lagrange’s method of multipliers, the dimensions of the box such that the least material is
required for construction of the box. (2021-22)
(2022-23)

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 UNIT -IV [Multiple Integral]

1. Evaluate the following integrals by changing the order of integration:

∞ ∞ e− y
∫0 ∫x dy dx 1 1

(b) ∫ ∫ sin y dydx

2
(a) y (2013, 2020-21)
0 x

(2015)
2 3−x

2. Evaluate∫ ∫ xy dydx , by changing the order of integration. (2011, 2018-

0 2
x
4
19)
∭ ( x+ y +z )dx dy dz
3. Evaluate R , where R :0≤x≤1 , 1≤ y≤2 , 2≤z≤3 .
(2016)

∬ ( x+ y)2 dxdy
4. Evaluate by changing the variables, R where R is the region bounded by
parallelogram x + y=0 , x + y=2 , 3 x−2 y=0 and3 x−2 y=3 .

(2007,14,

2020-21)
5. Show by double integration, the area between the parabolas y 2 =4 ax and x 2 =4 ay is
16 a 2
3

(2015)
∞ ∞

6. Evaluate ∫ ∫ e
2 2
−(x + y )
dx dy by changing to polar coordinates. Hence show that:
0 0
∞

∫ e− x2 dx= √2π .
0

(2018-19)
1 2−x

7. Evaluate the integral by changing the order of integration∫ ∫ xy dydx . (2019-20,

0 x
2

2021-22)

8. Evaluate ∬ ( x + y ) dxdy ,where R is the parallelogram in the xy − plane with vertices

2

( 1 , 0 ) , ( 3 , 1 ) , ( 2, 2 ) , ( 0 ,1 ) , using the transformation u=x+ y , v =x − 2 y .

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 (2019-20)
π
∞ dx
∫0 1+ x 4
∫ √ cot θ dθ
2
0
9. Use Beta and Gamma function to solve
(2018-19)

( )
1
1 x3
∫0 1−x 3
2 dx

10. Evaluate . (2017-18)

1
x m−1
β (m ,n )=a b m n
∫ m +n
dx
11. Show that 0 (ax +b ) . (2014-15)

ГmГn
12. Prove that β (m,n)= where Г is gamma function. (2018-19) (2017-
Гm+ n
18)

∞ x p−1 π
ГnГ (1− n)=cosecnπ , 0<n<1 ∫0 1+x
dx=
sin nπ
; 0< p<1
13. Assuming , show that ;
( 2021-22)

2 2 2
14. Apply Dirichlet’s integral to find the volume of an octant of the sphere x + y + z =25
(2018-19)

15. Evaluate ∭ x 2
dx dy dz throughout the volume bounded by planes x=0 , y=0 , z=0and
x y z
+ + =1.
a b c
(2016-17)

16. Evaluate∭ x 2
y z dxdy dz over the volume bounded by planes x=0 , y=0 , z=0and
x y z
+ + =1. (2016-17)
a b c

UNIT-V

(Vector Calculus)

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1) If u  x  y  z, v  x 2  y 2  z 2 , w  yz  zx  xy, prove that grad u, grad v and
grad w are coplanar vectors. [2010, 15]
2) Find a unit vector normal to the surface If x  y  3xyz  3 at the point (1, 2, -1).
3 3

[2014]
5
3) Find the directional derivative of   5x 2 y  5 y 2 z  z 2 x at the point P(1, 1, 1) in the
2
direction of the line
x 1 y3 z
  .
[2019]
2 2 1 → ˆ
ˆ ˆ

4) Find the directional derivative of in the direction of r where r  xi  yj  zk.

r
2 [2017]
→ ˆ
ˆ ˆ
5) If r  xi  yj  zk, show that [2014, 18]
(i) divr  3 (ii) curl r  0
→ →

6) Prove that div(curl V )  .(V )  0 . [2011, 16, 18]

→
7) Prove that curl (grad )    0 [2011, 18]
→

8) Find the total work done by a force F  (x2  y2 )iˆ  2xyˆj in moving a point from
(0, 0) to (a, b) along the rectangle bounded by the lines x=0, x=a, y=0 and y=b.
[2014]

9) Use divergence theorem to evaluate the surface integral

S (xdydz  ydzdx  zdx dy) where S is the portion of the plane x+2y+3z=6 which lies
in the first octant. [2021]
2 2ˆ 2 2 2 2
10)
Evaluate (y z i  z x ˆj  z y kˆ). nˆ dS, where S is the part of the sphere
S

x  y  z  1 above the xy-plane and bounded by this plane. [2014]

2 2 2

11) Verify divergence theorem for F  4xziˆ  y2 ˆj  yz kˆ taken over the cube bounded
by the Planes x  0, x  1,
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y  0, →
y  1, z  0, z  1.
[2020]

12) Verify Stoke’s theorem F  (x 2  y 2 )iˆ  taken round the rectangle bounded
for
2xyˆj
by the lines x=1, y=1,x=-1, y=-1
→ →

13) Evaluate C F. dr by Stoke’s theorem, where F  y2 iˆ  x2 ˆj (x  z) kˆ and C is the

boundary of the triangle with vertices at (0, 0,0), (1, 0,0) and (1,1,0).
[2012, 14]

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 2 2 2 2
[(2x  y ) dx (x  y ) dy] where C is the
14) Apply Green’s theorem to evaluate
C

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boundary of the area enclosed by the x-axis and the upper half of circle x 2  y 2  a 2
[2022]

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 THANK YOU

It always seems impossible until it's done. ...

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