CHEMISTRY ACTIVITY CLASS 10 (CHAPTER 1)
1. MAGNESIUM BURNED IN AIR
a) During the Burning Process -Bright White Flame, Formation of White Ash, Intense Heat.
b) Chemical Equation: 2Mg+O2→2MgO
c) Chemical Change, Formation of Magnesium Oxide, Exothermic Reaction, Evidence of Oxidation
2. LEAD NITRATE AND POTASSIUM IODIDE
a) Pb(NO3)2(aq)+2KI(aq)→PbI2(s)+2KNO3(aq)
b) Formation of a Yellow Precipitate i.e. PbI2, remaining soln. is colourless containing KNO3(water
soluble)
c) double displacement reaction, classic example of a precipitation reaction
3. ZINC GRANULES WITH HCl
a) zinc metal is converted to zinc chloride and hydrogen gas is evolved in the reaction, evolved
hydrogen gas is colourless and odourless, ZnCl2 is water soluble salt.
b) Zn ( s ) + HCl ( aq ) → ZnCl 2 ( aq ) + H 2 ( g )
4. ZINC GRANULES WITH SULPHURIC ACID
a) Since Zinc metal is much more reactive than Hydrogen, it is able to easily displace hydrogen from
H2SO4 and it forms a salt ZnSO4.
b) Zn + H2SO4 → ZnSO4+ H2, displacement reaction.
NOTE: When zinc reacts with dilute nitric acid, it typically forms zinc nitrate (Zn(NO₃)₂), hydrogen
gas (H₂), and water. However, in the case of dilute nitric acid, hydrogen gas is not produced
because nitric acid is a strong oxidizing agent and tends to oxidize the zinc.
5. CALCIUM OXIDE WITH WATER
a) Solid calcium oxide reacts vigorously with water to form calcium hydroxide, liberation of heat-
Exothermic combination reaction.
b) This process is called slaking of lime
c) Calcium hydroxide dissolves in water to form its solution called lime water
d) CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2 + Heat
6. Ferrous sulphate when heated
a) The water of crystallisation is present in ferrous sulphate crystals (FeSO4.7H2O)
b) it loses its water molecules and forms anhydrous ferrous sulphate (FeSO4), unstable at higher
temp.
c) changes the colour of the crystal from light green to white, thermal decomposition.
d) As heating continues, specifically, sulphur dioxide (SO₂) gas is released, pungent smell
e) sulphur trioxide (SO₃) gas may also be formed, on complete decomposition, the residue left
behind is reddish-brown solid. This solid is typically a mixture of iron (III) oxide (Fe₂O₃) and other
oxides or salts.
7. LEAD NITRATE WHEN HEATED
a) thermal decomposition, lead nitrate crystals are typically colourless or white. Upon heating they
turn into a yellowish-brown residue (PbO)
b) gases produced are nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), which is a brown gas, and oxygen (O₂).
c) 2Pb(NO3)2(s)→2PbO (s)+4NO2(g)+O2(g)
8. ELECTROLYSIS (ELECTRIC DECOMPOSITION) OF WATER
a) electrical energy used (endothermic reaction) to decompose water (H₂O) into its constituent
gases: hydrogen (H₂) and oxygen (O₂), redox reaction 2H2O (l)→2H2(g)+O2(g)
b) The volume of hydrogen gas produced is approximately twice that of oxygen gas, reflecting the
2:1 molar ratio of H₂ to O₂.
c) an electrolyte such as a small amount of sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is
added to enhance conductivity.
d) At the cathode (the negative electrode), hydrogen gas (H₂) is produced. Bubbles observed
e) At the anode (the positive electrode), oxygen gas (O₂) is produced. Bubbles observed
9. SILVER CHLORIDE IN SUNLIGHT (PHOTOLYSIS)
a) a white, light-sensitive compound, example of a photo-reduction process
b) undergoes a photochemical reaction where it decomposes into silver metal and chlorine gas ( cl2
is a by-product)
c) silver chloride gradually turns grey or black (silver metal on top of silver chloride), bubbling or
effervescence as chlorine gas escapes from the reaction mixture.
10. BARIUM HYDROXIDE WITH AMMONIUM CHLORIDE
a) double displacement, gas evolution reaction
b) Barium Chloride, Ammonia and Water are the products.
c) endothermic reaction
d) Ba(OH)2 + 2 NH4Cl → BaCl2 + 2NH3 + H2O
11. IRON NAIL IN COPPER SULPHATE SOLN.
a) iron can displace copper from its solution, more reactive than copper (displacement reaction)
b) iron nail gets coated with a brown layer of copper
c) The blue colour of the copper sulphate solution will fade as the copper(II) ions are reduced to
metallic copper, which will deposit on the surface of the iron
d) The solution will gradually turn green as iron(II) sulphate is formed.
e) CuSO4(aq)+Fe(s)→FeSO4(aq)+Cu(s)
12. SODIUM SULPHATE WITH BARIUM CHLORIDE
a) double displacement reaction
b) also known as a precipitation reaction because it produces an insoluble product, barium sulphate
(BaSO₄), precipitates out as a white solid.
c) Sodium sulphate (Na₂SO₄) and barium chloride (BaCl₂) are both dissolved in water, so they are in
aqueous solution, along with NaCl.
d) Na2SO4+BaCl2→BaSO4+2NaCl
13. COPPER POWDER WHEN HEATED
a) example of an oxidation reaction
b) 2Cu+O2→2CuO
c) Heating copper powder with oxygen will cause the powder to turn black as CuO forms.
