VERB "TO BE" L1
The verb to be is the most important verb in the English
language. It is difficult to use because it is an irregular verb in
almost all of its forms.
The principal use of the simple present is to refer to an action
or event that takes place habitually, but with the verb "to be"
the simple present tense also refers to a present or general
state, whether temporary, permanent, or habitual.
VERB "TO BE" L1
I am happy. You are pretty. We are in the living room.
VERB "TO BE" L1
The verb to be in the simple present can be also used to refer to something true
at the present moment.
She is 20 years old. He is a student. They are nice.
VERB "TO BE" L1
NEGATIVE
To be is an irregular verb and, in the negative form, it has this structure:
VERB "TO BE" L1
NEGATIVE
I’m not thirsty. We aren’t happy. She isn’t awake.
VERB "TO BE" L1
NEGATIVE
You aren’t rich. It isn’t small. They aren’t at school.
VERB "TO BE" L1
INTERROGATIVE
The construction of the interrogative form is different if the verb is an auxiliary
verb (be, have, will, can, etc.), or a 'normal' verb.
If the verb is an auxiliary verb, the
interrogative is formed without the auxiliary
do/does/did.
VERB "TO BE" L1
INTERROGATIVE
Is he in the offiice? Are they in a meeting? Is it interesting?
VERB "TO BE" L1
INTERROGATIVE
Am I sad? Are you at the beach? Are we teenagers?
EXERCISE L1
PLEASE GO TO MOODLE AND
SOLVE THE EXERCISE "VERB
TO BE".
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES L1
It is an adjective that modifies a noun by identifying who has ownership
or possession, the list of the most common possessive adjectives are:
my
your
her This is my teddy bear.
his
its
our
their
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES L1
Our mom is young. Her flowers are pink. His car is blue.
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES L1
Your bag is brown. Their house is big. My skirt is red.
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES L1
Whose is used generally as a question word.
1. Whose bag is this?
It is my bag.
2. Whose car is that?
That is his car.
3. Whose TV is that?
That is my TV.
EXERCISE L1
PLEASE GO TO MOODLE AND
SOLVE THE EXERCISE
"POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES" AND
"POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS".
ARTICLES L1
Articles are words placed in front of nouns to indicate if the noun is referring to
something specific or general. There are two different types of articles,
definite and indefinite articles.
DEFINITE ARTICLE L1
The definite article, "the", is used when the noun we are referring to is
specific. We use ‘the’ before a noun when:
referring to something specific
there is only one of something (e.g. the cathedral)
the noun has been mentioned before
DEFINITE ARTICLE L1
The girl is walking. I’ve got the tickets for the show. She plays the piano.
(We point out a specific girl.) (We refer to a specific set of tickets.)
INDEFINITE ARTICLE L1
An indefinite article, "a or an", is used when the noun we are referring to is
unspecified We use "a/an" before a noun when:
referring to something in general
mentioning something for the first time
describing someone’s profession (eg. I am a teacher)
INDEFINITE ARTICLE L1
A man jumps high. (observation I bought a jacket for my trip An architect has a helmet.
but not for a specific person.) to Chicago. (Not a specific (Any architect)
jacket.)
NO ARTICLE L1
Remember, We use ‘no article’ in other situations
without grammatical rules. In this case, it’s
something you have to remember.
Check out some of the following situations for
knowing where you must leave out the article.
NO ARTICLE L1
When it comes to geographical places, such as countries or continents, we use ‘the’
in some cases, and no article in others. Unfortunately, there aren’t any rules to help
you here – you just have to get used to the ones that need ‘the’ or not.
Do NOT use ‘the’ before:
INDEFINITE ARTICLE L1
Use "the" before:
EXERCISE L1
PLEASE GO TO MOODLE AND
SOLVE THE EXERCISE
"ARTICLES".
PLURAL NOUNS L1
There are many plural noun rules, and because we use
nouns so frequently when writing, it’s important to know
all of them! The correct making up of plurals, usually
depends on what letter the singular noun ends in.
PLURAL NOUNS L1
To make regular nouns plural, add –s to the end.
cat – cats
house – houses
dog – dogs
PLURAL NOUNS L1
If the singular noun ends in –s, –ss, –sh, –ch, –x, or –z, add -es to
the end to make it plural.
bus – buses
truss – trusses
marsh – marshes
lunch – lunches
tax – taxes
blitz – blitzes
PLURAL NOUNS L1
In some cases, singular nouns ending in –s or –z require that you double the –s
or –z prior to adding the –es for pluralization.
class – classes
fez – fezzes
dress - dresses
PLURAL NOUNS L1
If the noun ends with –f or –fe, the f or –fe are often changed to –
ve before adding the –s to form the plural version.
wife – wives
wolf – wolves
Exceptions:
roof – roofs
belief – beliefs
chef – chefs
chief – chiefs
PLURAL NOUNS L1
If a singular noun ends in –y and the letter before the –y is a consonant, change
the ending to –ies to make the noun plural.
city – cities
puppy – puppies
party - parties
PLURAL NOUNS L1
If the singular noun ends in –y and the letter before the –y is a vowel, simply
add an –s to make it plural.
ray – rays
boy– boys
PLURAL NOUNS L1
If the singular noun ends in –o, add –es to make it plural.
potato – potatoes
tomato – tomatoes
Plural noun exceptions
photo – photos
piano – pianos
halo – halos
gas – gases (gasses is also acceptable but less common)
PLURAL NOUNS L1
With the unique word volcano, you can apply the standard pluralization for
words that end in –o or not. It’s your choice! Both of the following are correct:
volcanoes
volcanos
If the singular noun ends in –us, the plural ending is frequently –i.
cactus – cacti
focus – foci
PLURAL NOUNS L1
If the singular noun ends in –is, the plural ending is –es.
analysis – analyses
ellipsis – ellipses
diagnosis - diagnoses
If the singular noun ends in –on, the plural ending is –a.
phenomenon – phenomena
criterion – criteria
PLURAL NOUNS L1
Some nouns don’t change at all when they’re pluralized.
sheep – sheep
series – series
species – species
deer – deer
IMPERATIVES L1
The imperative verb is an action a speaker or writer
wants someone else to do.
For this reason, they’re occasionally called “command
words” or “bossy verbs,” even though that may not be the
speaker’s or writer’s intent.
“Open the window” is an example of an imperative
sentence, with the imperative
verb being open.
IMPERATIVES L1
They have other functions. You can also use them to:
Give directions or instructions: Turn right on Seventh Street.
Make requests: Play “Free Bird”!
Give advice: Order the salmon.
Warn someone: Look behind you!
Affirmative imperative sentence: Walk the dog.
IMPERATIVES L1
Affirmative imperative sentences tell someone to do something.
Negative imperative sentences tell someone not to do something.
To form negative imperative sentences, put don’t or stop before the
verb.
While imperative verbs are often part of a sentence, they can
sometimes stand alone.
Push!
Stop!
Jump!
ADJECTIVES L1
Are words that describe the qualities or states of being of nouns:
Adjectives do not modify verbs or adverbs,or other adjectives.
Margot wore a beautiful hat to the pie-eating contest.
Furry dogs may overheat in the summertime.
My cake should have sixteen candles.
EXERCISE L1
PLEASE GO TO MOODLE AND
SOLVE THE EXERCISES
"ARTICLES", "PLURAL NOUNS"
AND "ADJECTIVES".
DETERMINERS L1
Determiners are used with nouns to clarify the noun.
The type of determiner used depends on the type of noun.
Singular Nouns - always needs a determiner.
Plural Nouns - the determiner is optional.
Uncountable Nouns - the determiner is also optional.
DETERMINERS L1
There are about 50 different determiners in the English language they include:
ARTICLES- a, an, the
DEMONSTRATIVES- this, that, these, those, which etc.
POSSESSIVE DETERMINERS - my, your, our, their, his, hers, whose, my friend's,
our friends', etc.
QUANTIFIERS- few, a few, many, much, each, every, some, any etc.
NUMBERS- one, two, three, twenty, forty
ORDINALS - first, second, 1st 2nd, 3rd, last, next, etc.
DETERMINERS L1
Few people arrived Three cars were First place was won in
to the ceremony. involved in the incident. NASCAR.
EXERCISE L1
PLEASE GO TO MOODLE AND
SOLVE THE EXERCISE
"DETERMINERS".
WHOSE L1
Whose shows possession ("Whose shoes are these?").
In this case, as for it’s and its, the apostrophe stands
for missing letters—not possession. Remember that
possessive adjectives like my, your, his, her, and its do
not have’s, and neither does whose.
WHOSE L1
Whose is a possessive adjective meaning “of or relating to whom or which.”
Grammatically speaking, we use the term possessive to refer to relationships
beyond simple ownership. As with other words of possession, it can also be used to
express association, agency, or the receiving of an action:
Whose book is this?
Whose car is that?
Whose teacher is this?
EXERCISE L1
PLEASE GO TO MOODLE
AND SOLVE THE EXERCISE
"WHOSE".
PREPOSITIONS OF TIME L1
There are three prepositions in English that are used with time: in, at, on.
Generally, in shows the “largest” time or place,
on shows dates and time,
and at usually shows the “smallest” time or
place.
PREPOSITIONS OF TIME L1
Let's look at the usage for in, at, on.
PREPOSITIONS OF TIME L1
PREPOSITIONS OF TIME L1
EXERCISE L1
PLEASE GO TO MOODLE AND
SOLVE THE EXERCISE
"PREPOSITIONS OF TIME".
PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE L1
To refer to a place, use the prepositions "in" (the point itself), "at" (the
general vicinity), "on" (the surface), and "inside" (something contained).
They will meet in the lunchroom.
She was waiting at the corner.
He left his phone on the bed.
Place the pen inside the drawer.
PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE L1
To refer to an object higher than a point, use the prepositions "over" and "above."
To refer to an object lower than a point, use the prepositions "below," "beneath,"
"under," and "underneath."
The bird flew over the house.
The plates were on the shelf above the cups.
Basements are dug below ground.
There is hard wood beneath the carpet.
The squirrel hid the nuts under a pile of leaves.
The cat is hiding underneath the box.
PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE L1
To refer to an object close to a point, use the prepositions "by," "near," "next
to," "between," "among," and "opposite."
The gas station is by the grocery store.
The park is near her house.
Park your bike next to the garage.
There is a deer between the two trees.
There is a purple flower among the weeds.
The garage is opposite the house.
EXERCISE L1
PLEASE GO TO MOODLE AND
SOLVE THE EXERCISE
"PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE".
