St.

Thomas School, Indirapuram

Employability Skills
Class X

Chapter No. Chapter Name Page No.

Chapter 1 Communication Skills Page No. 2

Chapter 2 Self-Management Skills Page No. 11

Chapter 3 ICT Skills Page No. 15

Chapter 4 Entrepreneurial Skills Page No. 22

Chapter 5 Green Skills Page No. 25

 Communication Skills –II
Class X

Q1. What are different parts of communication?

Ans. Different parts of communication are:
a. Transmitting – The sender transmits the message through one medium to another.
b. Listening – The receiver listens or understands the message.
c. Feedback – The receiver conveys their understanding of the message to the sender in the
form of feedback to complete the communication cycle.

Q2. Explain the various elements of communication.

Ans. Various elements of communication are:
a. Sender- the person beginning the communication.
b. Message- The information sender wants to convey.
c. Channel – The mean by which the information is sent.
d. Receiver – The person whom the message is sent.
e. Feedback- The receiver’s acknowledgement and response to the message.

Q3. What are some common method of communication?

Ans. Some common method of communication are:
a. Face to Face - when two or more people see and interact with each other. It
helps to understand the message clearly and quickly.
b. Email - it is used to communicate with one or many individuals in
different locations quickly.
c. Notice/Posters - It is effective when same message has to be send to large
group of people.
d. Business Meetings - It is addressed to group of people in an organization.
e. Other method - Phone call, newsletter, social networks, blog, etc.

Q4. What are the different factors that contribute in choosing right method of
communication?
Ans. Factors are:
a. Target audience
b. Costs
 c. Urgency/priority
d. Kind/type of information

Q5. What is verbal communication? Briefly explain its types.

Ans. Verbal communication includes sounds, words, language and speech.
Its types are:
a. Interpersonal communication- It takes place between two individuals and is one-on-one
conversation.
b. Written communication- In this form of communication written words are used to share
ideas or information.
c. Small Group communication- It takes place when there are more than two people. Each
people can interact and converse.
d. Public Communication – It takes place communication takes place when one individual
addresses a large gathering.

Q6. Write soma advantages and disadvantages of verbal communication.

Ans. Advantages-
a. It is an easy mode of communication.
b. We can change our interaction as per person’s response.
c. It saves time.
d. Get feedback quickly.
e. Information is conveyed clearly.
f. It also helps to maintain privacy.

Disadvantages-
a. Verbal communication can be easily misunderstood due to factors like tone of voice and
physical gestures.
b. Verbal communication doesn't provide a permanent record unless it's recorded.
c. here's a possibility of missing out on important information if one is unattentive or is a
non-native speaker.

Q7. Write some points to master Verbal communication.

Ans.
Q8. What is Non-verbal communication? Explain its types.
Ans. Non-verbal communication is the form of communication through body language,
gestures using sign and hand movement, eye contacts, facial expression, etc.
Its types are:
a. Facial Expression – Our expressions can show different feelings, such as Happiness,
Sadness, Anger, Surprise, Fear, etc.
b. Posture – Postures show our confidence and feelings.
c. Gesture or Body Language – Gestures include body movements that express an idea or
meaning.
d. Touch – It plays very important role in communication. Touch can be welcoming,
threatening or persuasive depending on situation.
e. Space- Space is the physical distance between two people. The space between two
persons while communicating, generally depends on the intimacy or closeness between
them.
f. Eye Contact –Eye contact shows that we are paying attention to the person as opposed to
looking away, which can make the other person feel ignored.
g. Paralanguage – It is a type of nonverbal communication that uses non-lexical features of
speech to convey meaning or emotion.

Q9. What is Visual communication?

Ans. Visual communication is the use of symbols and imagery ( in the form of charts, graphs,
flowcharts, mind maps, images, road maps, signs, symbols, etc. ) to convey information and
ideas.

Q10. What is Feedback? Write its importance.

Ans. Feedback in communication is a response from the recipient of information. It can be
verbal or nonverbal, such as head nodding and body language.
A good feedback is always –
Specific, helpful, kind

Its importance –
a. It validates effective listening: The person providing the feedback knows they have
been understood.
b. It motivates: Feedback can motivate people to build better work relationships and
continue the good work that is being appreciated.
c. It is always there: Every time you speak to a person, we communicate feedback so it is
impossible not to provide one.
d. It boosts learning: Feedback is important to remain focused on goals, plan better and
develop improved products and services.
e. It improves performance: Feedback can help to form better decisions to improve and
increase performance.

Q11. What are the points for good feedback?

Ans.
 a. Specific: Avoid general comments. Try to include examples to clarify your statement.
Offering alternatives rather than just giving advice allows the receiver to decide what to
do with your feedback.
b. Timely: Being prompt is the key, since feedback loses its impact if delayed for too long.
c. Polite: While it is important to share feedback, the recipient should not feel offended by
the language of the feedback.
d. Offering continuing support: Feedback sharing should be a continuous process. After
offering feedback, let recipients know you are available for support.

Q12. What are different types of feedback?

Ans. Types of feedback-

a. Positive Feedback – Positive feedback is a communication method that recognizes and

reinforces an individual's positive actions, achievements, and strengths.
b. Negative Feedback – It is a way to identify areas for improvement by pointing out
errors, poor performance, or inadequacies. It can help the recipient learn and grow, and
can lead to significant improvements in the quality of communication.
c. No Feedback - It is also a feedback in itself which indicates disagreement of ideas.

Q13. What are 7 Cs of effective communication?

Ans.

Q14. What are barriers in communication? Discuss some barriers.

Ans. Communication barriers can be defined as obstacles that one may face when attempting to
effectively communicate with another person. These barriers can be anything that can
misrepresent and/or avert someone during the communication process

Barriers in communications are:

Q15. Suggest some methods to overcome the barriers in communication.

Ans.

A. Multiple choice questions

Read the questions carefully and circle the letter(s) (a), (b), (c) or (d) that best answer(s)
the question. (Note: There can be more than one correct choice)

i. Which of the following is NOT an element of communication within the communication

process cycle?
(a) Channel
(b) Receiver
(c) Sender
(d) Time

ii. You need to apply leave at work? Which method of communication will you use?
(a) e-mail
(b) Poster
(c) Newsletter
(d) Blog

iii. By which action cannot senders send their messages?

(a) Gestures
(b) Speaking
(c) Reading
(d) Writing

iv. Which of the following is an example of oral communication?

(a) Newspapers
(b) Letters
(c) Phone call
(d) e-mail

iv. What are the types of words we should use for verbal communication?
(a) Acronyms
(b) Simple
(c) Technical
(d) Jargons

v. Why do we use e-mails?

(a) To communicate with many people at the same time.
(b) To share documents and files.
(c) To talk to each other in real-time.
(d) To keep a record of communication.

vi. Which of these is a positive (good) facial expression?

(a) Frowning while concentrating
(b) Maintaining eye contact
(c) Smiling continuously
(d) Rolling up your eyes

vii. What does an upright (straight) body posture convey or show?

(a) Pride
(b) Professionalism
(c) Confidence
(d) Humility

vii. Which of these is NOT an appropriate non-verbal communication at work?

(a) Keeping hands in pockets while talking
(b) Talking at moderate speed
(c) Sitting straight
(d) Tilting head a bit to listen

viii. Which of the following statement is true about communication?

(a) 50% of our communication is non-verbal
(b) 20% communication is done using body movements, face, arms, etc.
(c) 5% communication is done using voice, tone, pauses, etc.
(d) 7% communication is done using words

ix. Which of these are examples of positive feedback?

(a) Excellent, your work has improved.
(b) I noticed your dedication towards the project.
(c) You are always doing it the wrong way.
(d) All of the above
x. Which of these are examples of negative feedback?
(a) I hate to tell you this but your drawing skills are poor.
(b) You can surely improve your drawing.
(c) This is a good drawing but you can do better.
(d) None of the above

xi. Which of the following are effective components of a good feedback?

(a) Detailed and time consuming
(b) Direct and honest
(c) Specific
(d) Opinion-based

xii. Which of these is NOT a common communication barrier?

(a) Linguistic barrier
(b) Interpersonal barrier
(c) Financial barrier
(d) Organisational barrier

xiii. Which of these are ways to overcome communication barriers?

(a) Respecting each other’s differences
(b) Using a translator
(c) Not communicating at all
(d) Using your own language for comfort

xiv. In which of the following, the underlined word is an adjective?

(a) Radha has a red dress.
(b) I can speak French.
(c) The Girl on the Train is a best-seller.
(d) Abdul can swim fast.

xv. Which of these sentences is capitalised correctly?

(a) Ravi and i are going to the movies.
(b) Salim is visiting India in july.
(c) The Tiger is a strong animal.
(d) She is arriving on Monday.

xvi. Which of these sentences are punctuated correctly?

(a) When is the party.
(b) I had bread omelette and a Banana for breakfast.
(c) I am so excited about my first foreign trip!
(d) This is Abdul’s notebook.

xvii. In which of these sentences can you find an adverb?

(a) Divya drinks milk every day. (adverb – everyday)
(b) Sanjay gifted me a new pen.
(c) I opened the door lock.
(d) Sita is 5-feet tall.

xviii. Identify the object, verb and subject in the sentence, ‘The car crashed into a tree.’
(a) Object: a tree; Verb: crashed; Subject: the car
(b) Object: The car; Verb: crashed; Subject: a tree
(c) Object: crashed; Verb: the tree; Subject: the car
(d) Object: crashed; Verb: the car; Subject: the tree

xix. Identify the indirect object in the sentence, ‘The band played music for the audience.’
(a) The band
(b) played
(c) music
(d) audience

xx. Which of these is an imperative sentence?

(a) Switch off the fan.
(b) Sheila has gone to the market.
(c) Where are my pen colours?
(d) Oh no! I missed my flight.

xxi. Which of these sentences is in active voice?

(a) A movie is being watched by them.
(b) The car was repaired by Raju.
(c) He is reading a book.
(d) The thief was being chased by a policeman.

QB. Fill correct nouns and verbs from the given options to complete the sentence in table
given below.

Nouns Verbs
Girl, Ms Sen, Rahim, Children, Cat, Students Swimming, Driving, Writing, Teaching,
Eating, Playing

a. The girl is swimming .

b. The children are playing.
The students are writing . Rahim is driving the car.

Ms. Sen is teaching. The cat is eating.

Q. Put a X mark against the actions below which are examples of bad non-verbal
communication.
• Laughing during formal communication X
• Scratching head X
• Smiling when speaking to a friend
• Nodding when you agree with something
• Standing straight
• Yawning while listening X
• Sitting straight
• Maintaining eye contact while speaking
• Biting nails X
• Firm Handshake
• Clenching jaws X
• Looking away when someone is speaking to you X
• Intense stare X
 Unit 2 Self-Management Skills

Q1. Describe stress and stress management in your own words.

Ans. Stress can be defined as our emotional, mental, physical, and social reaction to any
perceived demands or threats.
Stress Management is about making a plan to cope effectively with daily pressure. Our ultimate
goal is o make a balance between life, work, relationship, relaxation and fun.

Q2. List your favorite stress management techniques and elaborate why you find it the
most effective.
Ans. Stress management techniques are:
a. Time management: Proper time management is one of the most effective stress-
relieving techniques.
b. Physical exercise and fresh air: A healthy lifestyle is essential for students. Stress is
generally lower in people who maintain a healthy routine. Doing yoga, meditation and
deep breathing exercises help in proper blood circulation and relaxes the body. Even
taking a walk or playing in the park will help you get a lot of fresh oxygen, which will
help you become more active.
c. Healthy diet: Having a healthy diet will also help you reduce stress. Eating a balanced
diet, such as Dal, Roti, vegetables and fruits will give you the strength to do your daily
work efficiently.
d. Positivity: Focussing on negative aspects of life will add more stress. Instead, learn to
look at the good things and stay positive. For example, instead of feeling upset over a
scoring less in a test, try to maintain a positive attitude and look at ways to improve the
next time.
e. Organising academic life; no delaying: By keeping class notes organised, finishing in
assignments on time, and keeping track of all deadlines, stress can be reduced to a great
extent.
f. Sleep: We should get a good night’s sleep for at least 7 hours so that your brain and body
gets recharged to function better the next day.
g. Holidays with family and friends: Going to a relative’s place, such as your
grandparents’ house or a new place during your summer vacations can help you break
from the normal routine and come back afresh.

Q3. Elaborate ABC of stress management.

Ans. A: Adversity or the stressful event
B: Beliefs or the way you respond to the event
C: Consequences or actions and outcomes of the event

Q4. Mention some skills required to succeed in life.

Ans. Skills required to succeed in life are:
 a. Self-awareness: Ask for honest feedback. Gather insights on your personality and work-
specific proficiencies. Think about your daily interactions and how you handled
situations well or could have handled them differently.
b. Responsibility: Taking responsibility for your tasks is very important. Taking ownership
is the step towards self-development.
c. Time Management: Prioritise the things you have to do. Remove waste and redundancy
from work. Make a time table and follow it diligently.
d. Adaptability: Stay current with best practices and read up on new information always.
Prepare yourself for new changes, so that you can transition seamlessly.

Q4. Explain three skills of Emotional Intelligence.

Ans. Three skills of Emotional Intelligence are:
a. Emotional awareness : the ability to identify and name one’s own emotions.
b. Harnessing emotions : the ability to harness and apply emotions to tasks like thinking
and problem solving.
c. Managing emotions : the ability to regulate one’s own emotions when necessary and
help others to do the same.

Q5. Write few steps to manage emotional intelligence.

Ans. Steps to measure emotional intelligence are:
a. Understand your emotions: Observe your behaviour and note the things you need to
work on. You can then work on the things you need to improve.
b. Rationalise: Do not take decisions abruptly; be rational in your thinking.
c. Practise: Do meditation and yoga to keep yourself calm.

Q6. What is time management and how can you manage your time?
Ans. Time management is the ability to plan and control how we spend the hours of our day
and do all that we want to do.
Steps to manage time are:
a. Organise – We should plan our day-to-day activity and also we should make a timetable
that we can follow.
b. Pritortise - We make a to-do list that has all our activities and we rank them in the order of
importance
c. Control - We have a control over our activities and time.
d. Track- We identify and note where we have spent our time. This will help us analyse if
we have used our time effectively or not. It also helps us to identify time-wasting
activities

Q7. How can tracking your time help you?

Ans. Tracking our time is to prepare note where we have spent our time. This will help us to
analyse whether we have used our time effectively or not. It also helps us to determine or
identify time wasting activities.

Q8. Mention some tips to practice four steps of effective time management.
Ans.
a. Avoid delay or postponing any planned activity
b. Organise your room and school desk
c. Develop a ‘NO DISTURBANCE ZONE’, where you can sit and complete important
tasks
d. Use waiting time productively
e. Prepare a ‘To-do’ list
f. Prioritise
g. Replace useless activities with productive activities

Q8. Mention the qualities of self-motivated person.

Ans. Qualities of self-motivated person are:
a. They know what they want from life
b. They are focused
c. They know what is important
d. Ther are dedicated to fulfill their dreams

Q9. Defne self-motivation. Name two types of motivation.

Ans. Self-motivation is simply the force within you that drives you to do things. Self-
motivation is what pushes us to achieve our goals, feel happy and improve our quality of life. In
other words, it is our ability to do the things that need to be done without someone or something
influencing us.
Two types of motivation are:
a. Internal
b. External

Q10. What are the different steps to build self-motivation.

Ans. Different steps to build self-motivation are as follows:
a. Find out our strengths- Identify your likes and dislikes. Understand what makes you
happy.
b. Set and focus on our goal- Define the goals you want to achieve and focus all your
energy to achieve your goal.
c. Develop a plan to achieve our goals- Plan and set timelines to achieve your goals, Plan
a list of activities that you will do to achieve each goal.
d. Stay loyal to your goals - Work towards achieving your goal, even when you are facing
difficult time.
Q11. Elaborate the term ‘SMART’.
Ans.
a. Specific : A specific and clear goal answers six questions. Who is involved in the goal? What
do I want to do? Where do I start? When do I start and finish? Which means do I use? Why
am I doing this?
b. Measurable : A measurable goal answers the questions “How much?”, “How many?” and
“How do I know that I have achieved results?”
c. Achievable : Breaking down big goals into smaller parts will make the goal achievable.
d. Realistic : A realistic goal would be something that we want to achieve and can work
towards.
e. Time bound : A SMART goal should have a timeframe by when the goal needs to be
achieved. his encourages us to take actions to completely fulfill the goals.

Multiple Choice Questions:

Read the questions carefully and circle the letter(s) (a), (b), (c) or (d) that best answers the
question.

1. What makes you complete work or studies without others cheering you?
(a) Self-confidence
(b) Communication
(c) Self-motivation
(d) Self-esteem
2. Which of the following are types of motivation?
(a) Internal
(b) Intermediate
(c) External
(d) Extensive

3. Ravi works hard to get the best student award at the end of year. What type of
motivation is this?
(a) Internal
(b) External
(c) Both internal and external
(d) Not any specific type of motivation
 Ch 3 Information and Communication Technology Skills

Q1. Define ICT.

Ans. ICT stands for Information and Communication Technology. ICT refers to all the
methods, tools, concepts related to storing, recording and sending digital information.

Q2. Define Computer hardware and software. Give two examples each.
Ans. Hardware – These are physical components that we can see and touch. Ex – Mouse,
keyboard

Software – These are the programs that run inside the computers. It makes hardware parts
functional. ex – Ms Word, Ms Paint

Q3. Which is the most important software in the computer?

Ans. Operating System

Q4. Name some operating system used in:

a. Computer –Windows, Ubuntu, Linux, Unix, Mac OS
b. Mobile - Apple iOS and Google Android

Q5. Which program runs when computer is switched on?

Ans. BIOS – Basic Input/Output System

Q6. Explain different keys of a keyboard.

Ans. Different keys are:
a. Function keys - Keys labeled from F1 to F12 are function keys. functions. Their
functions differ from program to program.
b. Control Keys - Keys, such as Control (CTRL), SHIFT, SPACEBAR, ALT, CAPS
LOCK and TAB, are special control keys that perform special functions depending on
when and where they are used.
c. Enter key – It is used key to move the cursor to the beginning of a new line. In some
programs, it is used to send commands and to confirm a task on a computer.
d. Punctuation keys: Punctuation keys include keys for punctuation marks, such as colon
(:), semicolon (;), question mark (?), single quotation marks (‘ ’), and double quotation
marks (“ ”).
e. Navigation keys: Keys, such as the arrow keys, HOME, END, PAGE UP, and PAGE
DOWN are navigation keys. These are used to move up and down, right and left in a
document. The HOME and END keys move the cursor to the left/right end of a line of
text, respectively. The PAGE UP and PAGE DOWN keys are used to move one page
up and one page down, respectively.
f. Command keys: Keys, such as INSERT (INS), DELETE (DEL), and BACKSPACE
are command keys. When the INSERT key is turned ON, it helps you overwrite
 characters to the right of the cursor. The DELETE key and the BACKSPACE key are
used to remove typed text, characters and other objects on the right and left side of the
cursor.
g. Windows key: Pressing this key opens the Start menu

Q7. What is mouse? Explain different mouse actions.

Ans. Mouse is an input device use to move, select and open items on your computer screen.
Different mouse actions are:
a. Roll Over or Hover-When we bring the mouse over a file in File Explorer, it will show
the details of that file.
b. Point and Click- The mouse allows you to select an item on the screen. When you click
a particular file, it gets selected.
c. Drag and Drop- It is use to move an item to a new location. Click on that item, hold the
mouse button and drag it to new location.
d. Double-click- Double-clicking means to quickly click the left mouse button twice. When
we double click on a file, it will open the file.

Q8. Define file and folder.

Ans. File – It contains the information. Every file has a filename and file name extension.
Folder – It is a location where group of files and sub-folders are stored.

Q9. Write basic tips to clean the computer device.

Ans. Basic Tips for Taking Care of Devices are -
(i) Keyboard: First we should not eat anything over a keyboard. Crumbs can damage the
internal parts of a keyboard. You can clean a keyboard with a soft brush to remove
crumbs and dust particles.

(ii) Screen: You can wipe the screen with a soft cloth to remove any finger marks.

(iii) Be careful with food and drinks: Avoid eating and keeping glasses of water or cups
of coffee near a computer. Any liquid spilt over an electronic device can spoil it
beyond repair.

(iv) Handle devices carefully: Handle and move your laptop carefully and avoid
dropping or banging it against a hard surface. Even a short fall can damage the screen
or the hard disk and make the device useless. Using a cover for your mobile and a
padded case for moving your laptop protects the device from damage.

(v) Keep the computer cool: If a computer, laptop or mobile device gets overheated, the
internal parts can be damaged. The CPU has an internal fan to keep it cool. We should
make sure the fan is functioning. We can also use an external fan. Avoid leaving a
device in the sun or in a closed car. We should be careful when using a laptop while
sitting in bed and make sure that the fan in not covered.
 (vi) Do not overcharge your battery: Sometimes we keep a device plugged in for
charging even after it is fully charged. If we leave the device plugged in for a long
time it can overheat the battery. This reduces the battery life. Always unplug the
device once it is charged 100%.

(vii) Always plug in devices carefully: Any device being connected to a laptop or
computer such as a USB drive or headphones, should be done gently. It should not be
forced into the port. If you find it difficult to plug in a device, change the direction and
try instead of trying to force it in.

(viii) Do not run too many programs at a time: When too many programs are running at
the same time, the computer can become slow and even crash. If a program/app is not
being used, it should be closed so that other programs can work smoothly.

Q10. Write some maintenance schedule for the computer.

Ans. Maintenance schedule are:
a) Daily Maintenance
i. Clean up your e-mail inbox
ii. Download e-mail attachments and save in proper folders

(b) Weekly Maintenance

i. Clean your keyboard. ii. Clean your monitor.
iii. Dust CPU and printer. iv. Backup your data to an external drive.

(c) Monthly Maintenance

i. Transfer photographs to computer and delete from drive.
ii. Organise photos into folders or albums.
iii. Clean up ‘Download’ folder.
iv. Uninstall unused programs and apps.
v. Run disk-cleaner software
vi. Run full system virus scan

(d) Yearly/Annual Maintenance

i. Clean up contacts list on social media accounts.
ii. Clean up e-mail contact list
iii. Update your operating system
iv. Check for expiry of anti-virus software and renew

Q11. What do you mean by Backup? Why is it important?

Ans. Backing up data means to save the information present on your computer on another
device, such as CD/DVD drives. or hard disk. Data can be recovered from here in case the
computer stops working completely. Computers can crash, humans can make mistakes and
natural disasters, such as floods can happen. So, it is important to keep the information safe —
so that their business can continue to function smoothly and their customers do not face
problems.

Q12 What are Spam?

Ans. We get mails from companies who are advertising a product or trying to attract you to
their website. Such mails are called SPAM.
We should never respond to SPAM and delete it on a regular basis.
It is possible to set filters in the settings to prevent SPAM from entering our mail box.

Q13. What are the reason for security break?

Ans. Security break is leakage of information stored in a computer.
Personal information can be lost or leaked in two ways:
a. We are not careful in giving out personal information over the Internet. For example, we
share our account details and password on unsecure sites.
b. A person gets unauthorised access to our computer. This can happen in the office if we leave
are computer without logging out.

Q14. Explain different threats to the computer.

Ans. Different threats to computer are:
(a) Theft: Theft means stealing of information or hardware. These maybe of three types:
i. Physical: Where a person may steal your desktop computer or laptop.
ii. Identity: Where a hacker steals our personal information and assumes your identity. Using
this false identity, the hacker can gain access to your account information or perform illegal
activity.
iii. Software Piracy: This is stealing of software and includes using or distributing unlicensed
and unauthorised copies of a computer program or software.

(b) Virus: Viruses are computer programs that can damage the data and software programs or
steal the information stored on a computer. Major types of viruses are Worms and Trojan
Horse.
i. Worms: These are viruses that replicate themselves and spread to all files once they attack a
computer. This makes it very difficult to remove them.
ii. Trojan Horse: A Trojan Horse disguises itself i.e., it appears to be a useful software
program but once it reaches a computer it starts behaving like a virus and destroying data.
iii. Online Predator: Online predators are people who trap us into inappropriate relationships.
They may be older people posing to be our age, bullying us into doing illegal activities
online and sometimes face to face.
iv. Internet Scams: Sometimes we may receive very attractive offers saying we have won
a huge money in a lottery and that weu can claim the prize by depositing a certain amount
of money. When we deposit the money using credit card or online banking, we not
only lose the deposit money but our card /account information may be misused later.
Q15. Write some measures to protect our computer against theft and viruses.
Ans. To protect our data from theft and viruses we can take the following measures:
(a) Use passwords to login to your computer: Use passwords that are difficult to guess.
Passwords are difficult to hack if they are a mix of small (For example ‘a b c d’) and capital
letters (For example, ‘H J E R’), numbers (For example ‘8 7 6 5’) and special characters
(For example, ’% ^ # $’). This would prevent unauthorised people from using our computer.

(b) Install Anti-virus and Firewall: Anti-viruses and Firewall monitor the data coming in and
out of a computer and prevent and viruses from entering. Anti-viruses can also detect and
clean viruses that may have entered a computer.

(c) Encrypt Data: This is usually done by banks and companies in which important customer
information is stored. They can encrypt their entire hard disk using encrypting feature in
Windows (Bitlocker). This would force users to use a decryption password (or key) before
starting the computer thus preventing unauthorised usage.

(d) Secure sites: Give details of your credit card or bank account only on secure sites. See in
the address bar of the browser. If the site address starts with https://and a lock symbol, then it
is safe to give your credit card and bank details.

Q16. What is the significance of login and logout?

Ans. When we login to the computer with our login-ID and password, the computer knows that
we are an authorised person and allows us to work on the applications in the computer. Once
you finish working, we must log out or sign out so that no one else can see your work.

Q17. Write steps to create file in Ubuntu using Text Editor.

Ans. Steps:
i. To open a text editor, type ‘editor’ in the search dialog box.
ii. Double-click the text editor option. This will open a blank document.

Q18. Write steps to create folder in Ubuntu.

Ans. Steps:
i. Choose a location where the folder has to be created for example ‘Desktop’.
(b) Right-click and then choose the ‘New Folder’.
(c) Type the name of the folder.

Multiple choice questions:

1. Which of the following functions is not performed using a mouse?
(a) Turn on
(b) Hover
(c) Right click
(d) Drag and Drop
2. What is the term used when you press and hold the left mouse key and move the mouse
around?
(a) Highlighting
(b) Dragging
(c) Selecting
(d) Moving

3. Here are the steps that take place when starting a computer. Rearrange the steps in the
correct order.
(a) Desktop appears after login
(b) Login screen appears
(c) Power on Self-Test (POST) starts
(d) Operating system starts
(e) Welcome screen appears
c-----d----e-----b----a

4. Which one of the following shortcut keys is used to paste a file?

(a) Ctrl + c
(b) Ctrl + p
(c) Ctrl + v
(d) Ctrl + x

5. Which of the following is a valid file extension for Notepad file?

(a) .jpg
(b) .doc
(c) .text
(d) .txt

6. What keys do you use to copy something?

(a) Ctrl+x
(b) Ctrl+c
(c) Ctrl+z
(d) Ctrl+y

7. What happens if you leave a device plugged in even after it is charged 100%?
(a) It can break.
(b) It can stop functioning.
(c) It can over-heat.
(d) Data can get corrupt.
8. How can an anti-virus protect your device?
(a) It can protect it from over-heating.
(b) It can increase its performance.
(c) It can prevent data from getting corrupt.
(d) It can backup data.

9. Which option is not required to keep a device cool?

(a) Keep the device unplugged when in use.
(b) Do not cover a laptop with a blanket.
(c) Make sure computer’s CPU fan is working.
(d) Avoid leaving the device in the sun.

10. Which of the following is essential for maintaining keyboard?

(a) Turn the keyboard upside down and shake it to remove foreign material.
(b) Blow dust and other particles with help of a blower.
(c) Use a very dilute combination of soap and water applied with a non-abrasive cloth to
remove stains from the keycaps.
(d) All of the above.

11. What should you do to ensure secure online transactions?

(a) Lock your computer
(b) Give credit card or bank details only on safe websites
(c) Use anti-virus
(d) Do not use pirated software

2. Which of the following trap small children into inappropriate relations?

(a) Online predators
(b) Worms
(c) Trojan Horse
(d) Anti-Virus

3. What should a strong password consist of?

(a) Only letters
(b) Numbers and special characters
(c) Name of a person
(d) Letters, numbers and special characters
 Unit 4 Entrepreneurial Skills

Q1. List the ways in which an entrepreneur affects a society.

Ans. Entrepreneur affects a society in the following ways:
a. Fulfil Customer Needs- Entrepreneurs find out what people want. Then, they use their
creativity to come up with a business idea that will meet that demand.
b. Use Local Materials- Entrepreneurs use the material and people available around them,
to make products at low cost.
c. Help Society- Entrepreneurs have a positive relationship with society. They make profits
through activities that benefit society. Some entrepreneurs work towards saving the
environment, some give money to build schools and hospitals
d. Create Jobs- With the growth of business, entrepreneur hire more people to work for
them.
e. Sharing of Wealth- As entrepreneurs grow their business, the people working for them
and in related businesses also grow. They have more money to live a better quality life.
f. Lower Price of Products- As more entrepreneurs sell the same product, the price of the
product goes down.

Q2. What is the difference between misconception and reality?

Ans. Misconception – A myth or misconception, is a false belief or opinion about something.
Reality – It means the things that are real and they actually exist. They are not imaginary.

Q3. Mention some qualities of an entrepreneur.

Ans. Qualities are as follows:
a. They are confident. They believe in themselves.
b. They try new ideas.
c. They are patient and know that success will come with time.
d. They are creative and come with different solutions for a problem.
e. They are responsible for their decisions.
f. They take decision after thinking.
g. They do not give up and stay positive.
h. They are hard working

Q4. Explain various functions of an entrepreneur.

Ans. Functions of entrepreneur are:
a. Making decision – An entrepreneur makes decisions everyday. This includes what to
produce or sell, how much and where to sell.
b. Managing the business- An entrepreneur plans the future of his or her business. He/she
arranges for raw material, hires people for work and tells everyone what to do. They also
check if the plan is
being followed.
 c. Divide income- Entrepreneur divides the business money to many groups. He/she spends
money to buy material, pays rent of the building and salaries to people.
d. Taking risk- Risk is the chance of something going wrong. An entrepreneur takes risks
against fires, lost items and theft.
e. Create a new method, idea or product- An entrepreneur is always trying new things.
He/she does this to increase their importance and income.

Q5. Write some myths or misconception about entrepreneurship.

Ans. Some myths or misconception about entrepreneurship are:
a. Every business idea needs to be unique or special.
b. A person needs a lot of money to start a business.
c. Only a person having a big business is an entrepreneur.
d. Entrepreneurs are born, not made.

QA. State whether the following statements are True or False

i. Entrepreneurs can create jobs in the market. True

ii. When many entrepreneurs sell mobile phones in a market, the prices of phones
increase. False
iii. Entrepreneurs identify a need in the market and build a product or service for it. True

QB. Here are some stories of some entrepreneurs. Tick the option for the quality they are
showing.
1. Ravi’s customer comes to his store and starts shouting at him. He does not get angry.
He listens to what his customer is saying. He is ____________.
(a) hardworking
(b) confident
(c) patient
(d) prying new ideas

2. Susheela decides to sell her company tyres in Sri Lanka. It does not sell and she has a
loss. She apologises to the people who work for her. She says she will plan better next time.
She _______________________.
(a) takes responsibility for your mistakes
(b) thinks before making a decision
(c) does not give up
(d) is creative

QC. Tick the correct option for the function that the entrepreneur is doing.
1. Ali has a diamond factory. He pays his employees on the 1st of every month.
(a) Creates a new product
(b) Manages the business
(c) Takes risk
2. Mary buys bulbs for her business from Noida. She learns that bulbs are cheaper in
Faridabad. So, she decides to start buying bulbs from there.
(a) Makes decisions
(b) Divides income
(c) Takes risk

3. Rehnuma has two people who work for her. Every day, she spends one hour with them
to learn about what they’ve done that day.
(a) Creates a new product
(b) Divides income
(c) Manages the business

QD. Write against the option, if the business idea is of self-employment or wage
employment.
(a) Cooking in a restaurant Wage-employment
(b) Owning a clothing business Self-employment
(c) Having a dosa selling stall Self-employment

QE. Match the columns

1. Surabhi opens 5 painting stores a. Enter
across India.

2. There are many coaching classes in b. Survive

Mumbai. Jacob owns one of them.
He is starting morning batches to
attract more students to his classes.

3. Salma has started her clothing line c. Grow

on the Internet.

Ans. 1-c 2-b 3-a

 Unit 5 Green Skills

Q1. Define Sustainable Development.

Ans. Sustainable development is the development that satisfies the needs of the present without
compromising the capacity of future generations, guaranteeing the balance between
economic
growth, care for the environment and social well-being.

Q2. Explain few problems related to Sustainable Development.

Ans. Problems related to Sustainable Development are:
(a) Food: The amount of rich, fertile land needed to grow crops, such as wheat, rice, etc., is
becoming less as we are using up more and more land for other purposes. Soil nutrients are
also getting depleted and lots of chemicals are spoiling the soil due to use of chemical
fertilisers.

(b) Water: We use fresh water from rivers and ponds for drinking and cleaning but dump
garbage into them. The rivers and ponds are getting polluted. This way after several years,
we will have no clean water for our use.

(c) Fuel: We are using a lot of wood from trees as fuels and for construction of homes and
furniture. As more and more trees are being cut, it is affecting the climate of the place.
Extreme weather conditions, such as floods, extreme cold or heat, are seen in many places,
which affect the people living there.

Q3. Mentions few measures included in Sustainable development.

Ans. Sustainable development includes-
a. Reducing excessive use of resources and enhancing resource conservation.
b. Recycling and reuse of waste materials.
c. Scientific management of renewable resources, especially bio-resources.
d. Planting more trees.
e. Green grassy patches and trees to be interspersed between concrete buildings.
f. Using more environment friendly material or biodegradable material and
g. Use of technologies, which are environmentally friendly and based on efficient use of
resources.

Q4. How many Sustainable Development Goals are there? When and where it was
launched? By when it is targeted to be achieved?
Ans. There are 17 SDGs that were launched at the United Nations Sustainable Development
Summit in New York in September 2015. By 2030, it is targeted to be achieved.
Q5. What is the aim of SDGs?
Ans. The 17 SDGs have been made with the aim to take care of important issues facing
businesses, governments and society. Some of these issues are poverty, gender equality,
water use, energy, limate change and biodiversity.

Q6. Mention some practices done under Sustainable process.

Ans. Some practices, such as organic farming, vermi-composting and rainwater harvesting are
being used to help preserve the environment. Organic farming is where farmers do not use
chemical pesticides and fertilisers to increase their production. They use organic and
natural fertilisers, such as cow dung to help in growing crops. This helps in better quality
chemical free crops while at the same time maintaining the soil quality for future use.

Q7. Explain the initiative taken by Ministry of Railways in Varanasi and Raibarielly.
Ans. Ministry of Railways in Varanasi and Raibareilly have introduced clay pots ‘Kulhads’ to
replace plastic and paper cups and to bring back taste of tradition. Three major advantages
gained by using ‘Kulhads’ are to:
a. Reduce cutting of tree for making paper cups.
b. Job creation for potters, which contributes to economy.
c. Reduces plastic waste.

Q8. Write your role in achieving the following SDGs .

Ans.
a. Quality Education- Education is the most important factors for sustainable development.
We can –
o use the facilities present in our areas.
o take our friends to school.
o help friends study.
o stop friends from dropping out of school.

b. Clean Water and Sanitation- We must make efforts to make India free of open
defecation by building toilets and creating awareness towards sanitation. Industrial
pollution is polluting our water resources, which in near future will cause scarcity of
clean drinking and usable water. We must take measurable steps by promoting
awareness to keep water sources clean.

c. Affordable and clean Energy - Using solar power i.e., power generated using the sun
does not cause pollution as it does not require burning of non-renewable fuels, such as
coal. We are making efforts to increase the solar power generation so that our electricity
needs are met and at the same time we do not pollute the environment or use up natural
resources. Use of biogas is also an eco-friendly alternative to natural gas.

d. Decent work and economic growth - We can

i. study and find good jobs to take care of ourselves and our families.
 ii. work hard and contribute to society.
iii. learn and develop skills so that we get add value in our community.

e. Reduced Inequalities- To reduce inequalities we can

i. be helpful to one another.
ii. be friendly with everyone.
iii. include everyone while working or playing.
iv. help others by including everyone whether they are small or big, girl or boy,
belong to any class or caste.

f. Sustainable Cities- Creating sustainable cities :

i. Save energy by switching off lights and fans when not in use.
ii. Use natural light as much as possible.
iii. Use energy efficient lights (LED bulbs) and appliances.

g. Responsible Consumers and Producers- We can become responsible about our own
environment by:
i. reusing paper, glass, plastic, water, etc.
ii. taking cloth bags to market carrying fruits and vegetables.
iii. donate things we do not use such as clothes, books, furniture, food, etc.
iv. Buy and eat seasonal fruits and vegetables from local growers.
v. Repair leaking taps and pipes to avoid wasting water.
vi. Sort and treat garbage before disposing.

h. Protect life below water - Tons of plastic is found in the seas, which is killing marine
life. Protecting marine life, saving our oceans from pollution is necessary to preserve the
marine life.

i. Protect life on land - Cutting of trees is leading to soil erosion and making land dry and
unusable for cultivation. Planting more tree to replace the ones that we have cut is an
important step towards sustainable development.

Multiple Choice questions:

1. Which of the following sources of energy is from a renewable source?
(a) Solar energy
(b) Wood
(c) Coals
(d) Petrol

2. Choose the option which is not a sustainable development goal according to United
Nations.
(a) Clean Water and Sanitation
(b) Gender Equality
(c) Population
(d) Reduced Inequalities
3. How many sustainable development goals are given by the United Nations?
(a) 18
(b) 17
(c) 15
(d) 20

4. Choose the option which defines sustainable development.

(a) Taking care of future generations
(b) Taking care of only ourselves
(c) Taking care of ourselves and the future generations
(d) Well-being of all

5. Which organisation has made the Sustainable Development Goals.

(a) United Nations
(b) League of Nations
(c) UNICEF
(d) World Health Organisation

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