THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

COMPARE PRESENT PERFECT VS. PAST SIMPLE

Các thì đã học:
- Thì hiện tại đơn (The Present Simple Tense)
- Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn (The Present Continuous Tense)
- Thì quá khứ đơn (The Past Simple Tense)
- Thì hiện tại hoàn thành (The Present Perfect Tense)
- Thì tương lai đơn (The Future Simple Tense)
- Thì tương lai gần (The Near Future Tense)
A. The Present Perfect Tense (Thì Hiện tại hoàn thành)
1. Cách chia
Khẳng định (+) Phủ định (-) Nghi vấn (?)
S + have / has + P2. S + haven’t / hasn’t + P2.
have = ‘ve haven’t = have not Have / Has + S + P2?
has = ‘s hasn’t = has not
I/You/We/They + have + P2. I/You/We/They + haven’t + P2. Have + I/you/we/they + P2?
He/She/It + has + P2. He/She/It + hasn’t + P2. Has + he/she/it + P2?

2. P2 – Past Participle (Phân từ 2)

 Những động từ có quy tắc: chúng ta thêm đuôi -ed.
Example: pack → packed → packed
play → played → played
help → helped → helped
live → lived → lived
 Những động từ bất quy tắc:

Động từ bất quy tắc thường gặp: Bảng động từ bất quy tắc thường gặp.pdf

Base form (Vo) Past simple (V qkđ) Past participle (P2)

1 be was/ were been

2 do did done

3 have had had

4 break broke broken

 5 make made made

6 go went gone

7 see saw seen

8 know knew known

9 take took taken

10 buy bought bought

11 give gave given

12 tell told told

13 put put put

14 leave left left

15 eat ate eaten

16 read read read

 Sự khác nhau giữa been và gone:

Example: - James is on holiday. He has gone to Italy.
(James đang trong kỳ nghỉ. Anh ấy đang đi đến Italy.)
→ James đang đi và chưa về.)
- James is back home now. He has been to Italy.
(James đã trở về. Anh ấy đã đi đến Italy.)
→ James đã đi và về rồi.)
3. Cách dùng
 Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra ở quá khứ và còn tiếp tục ở hiện tại.
Example: Tom has learnt English for 10 years.
(Tom đã học tiếng Anh được 10 năm rồi và bây giờ vẫn tiếp tục học.)
learn – learnt/ learned – learnt/ learned
 Hành động xảy ra ở quá khứ, đã kết thúc nhưng không xác định thời điểm.
Example: I have done my homework.
(Tôi đã hoàn thành xong bài về nhà.)
 Kinh nghiệm, trải nghiệm đã từng làm.
Example: Jane’s visited the museum twice.
(Jane đã từng đi thăm bảo tàng 2 lần.)
4. Dấu hiệu nhận biết

for
khoảng …
(for 3 months, for years,...)

since
kể từ …
(since July, since yesterday, since I moved to New York,...)

recently/ lately gần đây

already
đã … rồi
My father has already paid the electricity bill.
(dùng trong câu khẳng định)
(Bố tôi đã trả hoá đơn tiền điện rồi.)

just
vừa mới
Are you hungry? - No, I have just had lunch.
(dùng trong câu khẳng định)
(Bạn có đói không? - Không, tôi vừa mới ăn trưa rồi.)

ever
đã từng
Have you ever ridden on a roller coaster?
(dùng trong câu nghi vấn)
(Bạn đã từng chơi tàu lượn siêu tốc bao giờ chưa?)

never
I have never seen such a boring movie.
chưa bao giờ
= I haven’t seen such a boring movie before.
(dùng trong câu khẳng định)
(Tôi chưa bao giờ xem một bộ phim nào chán như thế trước
đây.)

yet chưa
 She hasn’t sent her email yet.
(Cô ấy chưa gửi thư điện tử.) (dùng trong câu phủ định, nghi
Has it stopped raining yet? vấn)
(Trời đã ngừng mưa chưa thế?)

so far
Everything is going well. We haven't had any problems so
far. cho đến bây giờ
(Mọi thứ đều diễn ra tốt đẹp. Chúng tôi chưa có một vấn đề
nào cho đến bây giờ.)

for/ during/ in/ over + the last/ past + few/ several + days/
trong khoảng … ngày/ tháng/ năm
months/ years...

B. Compare Present Perfect vs. Past Simple (So sánh thì Hiện tại hoàn thành với
thì Quá khứ đơn)
Past Simple Present Perfect
(Quá khứ đơn) (Hiện tại hoàn thành)
 Dùng với cụm trạng từ thời gian nói tới  Miêu tả hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ
thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ. nhưng không có thời điểm xác định xảy ra
 Miêu tả hành xảy ra và kết thúc trong hành động.
quá khứ.  Miêu tả hành bắt đầu trong quá khứ và còn
tiếp diễn đến hiện tại.
- I bought a new car last week. - I've bought a new car.
(Xác định rõ mua xe tuần trước.) (Không rõ mua xe khi nào)
- He lived in London for three years. - He has lived in London for three years.
(Hiện nay anh ấy không còn sống ở Luân (Hiện nay anh ấy vẫn còn sống ở Luân Đôn)
Đôn nữa)

EXERCISE
Exercise 1. Give the correct form of the verbs, using present perfect.
1. The bill isn’t right. They (make) have made a mistake. (+)
2. It’ll soon get warm in here. I (turn) have turned the heating on. (+)
3. Someone (ít) (take) has taken my bicycle. (+)
4. Have You ever (eat) eaten Sushi? (?)
5. She (not/ come) has not/ hasn’t come here for a long time. (-)
6. You (not/ do) haven’t/ have not done your project yet, I suppose. (-)
7. I (just/ see) ___________ Andrew and he says he ___________ (already/ do) ___________ about
half of the plan.
8. He (be) ___________ at his computer for seven hours.
9. My father (not/ play) ___________ any sport since last year.
10. I’d better have a shower. I (not/ have) ___________ one since Thursday.
11. How long (you/ know) ___________ each other?
12. (She/ eat) ___________ at the Royal Hotel yet?
13. Is this the second time he (lose) ___________ his job?
14. How many bottles _________ (the milkman/ leave)? He (leave) ___________ six.
15. She (write) ___________ three poems about her fatherland.

Exercise 2: Put the verbs in bracket into the past simple or the present perfect.
1. I haven’t played (not/play) tennis since I was at school but I was (be) very good at it back then.
since + mốc thời gian (since 2 p.m)
since + S + Vqkđ (since I was young.)
2. A: Have you chosen (choose) a dress for the party yet (chưa - ?)?
B: Yes, I bought (buy) one yesterday.
3. I think our teacher has forgotten (forget) about the test! He didn’t say (not/ say) anything about it
in the last season!
4. A: Have you sold (you/ sell) your house yet?
B: Yes, some people saw (see) it last month and bought (buy) it.
5. They have lost (lose) their cat. It ran (run) away last week.
6. Has Helen ever tried (try) sushi?
try (v): thử, cố gắng
7. Did you go (go) to the wedding last night?
8. I have never been (be) to Paris (before).
9. This year I have travelled (travel) to Athens 3 times so far.
10. Paul and Judith have been (be) married since 1998.
11. Have you finished (finish) your homework yet?
12. Last night aunt Betty came (come) by. She told (tell) us that this summer they are going to
Hawaii.
come by ~ visit: ghé qua thăm
13. I have visited (visit) many different countries so far. Last summer I went (go) to Italy and 3 years
ago I was (be) in Spain. I haven’t visited (not/ visit) Germany yet.
14. When (khi nào) did you come (come) to Greece?
15. I came (come) in 2007.
16. Did you watch (watch) the film E.T. yesterday?
17. They have already (đã…rồi) left (leave) the train station.
18. How long (Bao lâu) have you known (know) Jonathan?
- I have known Jonathan for (about) 3 years.
- I have known Jonathan since we were at primary school.
19. I met (meet) him in 2009, so I have known (know) him for 3 years.
20. What happened (happen) to Lucy last night? did happen
21. Did you read (read) “Harry Potter” when you were on holidays?

Exercise 3: Put the verbs in the brackets into the correct tenses: present simple, past simple,
present perfect.
1. I (just, receive) _________ a letter from my brother, Tim. He (be) _______ in Australia now. He
(be) _________ there for six months. Tim (be) _____ an engineer. He (work) ________ for a big firm
for 10 years and he (already, visit) __________ a lot of different places in Australia.
2. My father (be) __________ a policeman for 20 years. Although his work (be) ______ hard enough,
he always (try) _______ his best. He usually (go) ______ to work on time but yesterday he (come)
_______ to work late because his motorbike (break) ______ down.
3. Andrea de Silva, the Hollywood actress, (make) __________ over 25 films in her career. She
(start) __________ acting at the age of fourteen. She (travel) __________ to many parts of the world,
including Australia, South America and China. She (go) __________ to Argentina three years ago
when she (make) __________ the film “Good Times, Bad Times”. She (win) __________ three
Oscars. She (win) __________ her first Oscar in 1987 for her role as the scientist, Kay Brown, in
“Texas Flower”.

Exercise 4. Choose the correct option.

1. Jessica has (GONE/ BEEN) to the supermarket. I wonder when will she come back?
2. Have you ever (GONE/ BEEN) to Nanjing? No, never. What about you?
3. Dennis has (GONE/ BEEN) to France for the summer, so you can call again in September.
4. Mark has (GONE/ BEEN) to the supermarket. Now he’s taking a shower.
5. If I’d had time, I would have (GONE/ BEEN) to see Graham.
6. Joe has (GONE/ BEEN) to France five times, so he is very familiar with it.
7. I have (GONE/ BEEN) to Germany several times.
8. None of her family has/have (GONE/ BEEN) to college.
9. Since I have owned a bicycle, I have (GONE/ BEEN) to school by it every day.
10. This is only a guess, but I think Barbara might have (GONE/ BEEN) to Jan’s house.
11. I have (GONE/ BEEN) to every Metropolitan police station, from Islington in the north to Bow
Street in the west.
12. For many years now, more than half the engineering doctorates awarded in the United States
have (GONE/ BEEN) to foreign nationals.
13. I have (GONE/ BEEN) to 12 countries worldwide and spent a great deal of time in brothels,
slums, hospices, youth drop-in centers, in both public hospitals as well as rural clinics.
14. Peter has (GONE/ BEEN) to Canada and he’s staying there for three weeks.
15. He has (GONE/ BEEN) to the bank. He should be back soon.
16. Only a tiny percentage of students I have ever met have(GONE/ BEEN) to a seminar or a lecture.
17. Her children have (GONE/ BEEN) to Australia, and she missed them very much.
18. Has he ever (GONE/ BEEN) to London before?
19. A team of special investigators have (GONE/ BEEN) to the scene of the explosion.
20. They, together with my father, have (GONE/ BEEN) to Washington.

HOMEWORK
Put the verbs in the brackets into the correct tenses: present simple, past simple, present
perfect.
1. This is my house.
~ How long (you/live) have you lived here?
~ I (live) have lived here since 1970.
2. Lina (live) has lived in London for two years and then (go) has gone to Edinburgh.
3. (you/wear) Did you wear your hair long when you were at school?
~ Yes, my mother (insist) insisted on it.
insist on sth: khăng khăng, nhất quyết làm gì
4. But when I (leave) left school, I (cut) cut my hair and (wear) have worn it short ever since.
wear – wore – worn: mặc
5. Shakespeare (write) wrote a lot of plays.
play (n): vở kịch
6. My brother (write) has written several = many plays. He (just/finish) has just finished his second
strategy.
7. I (not/see) haven’t seen him for three years. I wonder where he is.
8. He (not/smoke) hasn’t smoked for two weeks. He’s trying to give it up.
9. (you/lock) Did you lock the door before you left the house?
10. I (read) read his books when I was at school. I (enjoy) enjoyed them very much.
11. I can’t go out because I (not/finish) haven’t finished my work.
12. Here are your shoes; I (clean) have cleaned them.
13. I (do) did this sort of work when I (be) was an apprentice.
14. Hello, can I speak to Bill? ~ I’m afraid, he isn’t in. He (just/go) has just gone out.
15. He (go) went out ten minutes ago.
16. The concert (begin) began at 2.30 and (last) has lasted for two hours. Everyone (enjoy) enjoyed
it very much.
17. The play (just/begin) has just begun. You are a little late.
18. (Mary/feed) __________ the cat? ~ Yes, she (feed) __________ it before lunch.
~ What (she/feed) ______________ him? ~ She (give) ______________ him some fish.
19. How long (you/know) __________ your new assistant? ~ I (know) _____________ him for two
years.
~ What (he/do) ______________ before he (come) ______________ here?
~ I think he (be) ______________ in prison.
20. I (not/see) __________ your aunt recently. ~ No, she (not/be) __________ out of her house since
she (buy) __________ her colour TV.
21. (the plumber/be) _________ here yet? ~ Yes, but he only (stay) _______ for an hour.
~ What (he/do) __________ in that time? ~ He (turn) __________ off the water and (empty)
__________ the tank.
22. Here is the news. The Home Office (announce) ___________ that the two prisoners who
(escape) ___________ from Dartmoor prison earlier this morning (give) __________ themselves up
to the local police.
23. I think that people (become) ______________ tired of the poor quality of television programmes,
though they (improve) ______________ lately.
24. Bill (get) _________ that new job, but he (complain) _________ about it ever since.
25. Harry (leave) __________ home rather suddenly and we (not/hear) __________ from him since.