Tahsin Sifat
BSS, University of Dhaka
Founder, Tahsin Sifat’s Classroom
Use of Modifiers
modify = ক োন ো এ টি তথ্য কেয়ো
❑ স ল modifier - ই Parts of Speech এর টে কথ্ন হয়
Adjective অথ্বো Adverb.
❑ Adjective Noun এবং Pronoun সম্পন ে তথ্য কেয়। আর
Adverb অ যো য স ল Parts of Speech সম্পন ে তথ্য কেয়।
Use of Modifiers
1. Pre-modifier 2. Post-modifier
Rule - 01
Noun-adjective: এ োটি Noun পোশোপোটশ থ্ো নল কশনেরটি Noun হয়
এবং পূনবের Noun - গুনলো Adjective এর োজ নর। আর Noun যটে
Adjective এর োজ নর কস Plural হনব ো।
❑ He wrote a five-page/ pages report.
❑ I had a five-mile/ miles walk.
Rule - 01
এ থ্োয়, Noun এর পূনবের Noun বোন য Adjective টহনসনব োজ নর।
এন ই Noun-adjective বনল।
Rule - 02
Intensifier
very Adjective / Adverb -
too Adjective / Adverb to + v0
so Adjective / Adverb that clause
❑ It is ______ (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective)
dangerous for human health.
❑ Food adulteration is increasing _______ (use an intensifier to
pre-modify the adverb) alarmingly that we cannot stop it.
❑ Polluted water is ________ (pre-modify the adjective with an
intensifier) harmful to health.
❑ It plays a ______ (use an intensifier) important role in our life.
❑ Tahsin Sifat is smart _________ (post-modify the adjective with
an intensifier) to handle the situation.
❑ In our country, the number of qualified doctors is ________ (use
an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) few.
Rule - 03
Appositive Phrase হনে এ টি Noun Phrase যো আনের Noun এর তু
পটরচয় কেয়। মন রোখনব, Phrase & Clause এর মূল পোথ্ে য হনলো Clause
এ অবশযই এ টি Finite Verb থ্ো নব; ট ন্তু Phrase এ ক োন ো Finite Verb
থ্ো নব ো।
❑ Motor vehicles also pollute the air, _____ (use an appositive).
[JB-2019]
কয Noun এর পনর Appositive Phrase বসোনত বলো হনয়নে, ঐ Noun এর
পটরচয় Be Verb দ্বোরো েটিত Sentence এর মোিযনম কেয়োর কচষ্টো রনত হনব।
পরবতেীনত (Subject + Be Verb) বোে টেনলই Appositive Phrase খুব
সহনজই কপনয় যোনব।
❑ Step-01: Air is an important element of nature.
❑ Step-02: Air is an important element of nature.
Rule - 04
Possessive Adjective
my our your his her their its
Possessive Adjective + Noun
e.g. my book, my car, his computer, her purse etc.
Rule - 05
Adjective + ly = Adverb rapidly, carefully, slowly, smartly,
easily etc.
✓ She is a friendly girl.
✓ She is a lovely girl.
in a + (-ly যুক্ত Adjective) + manner / She behaves in a friendly way.
fashion / way
Verb ক When/ Where/ Why / How দ্বোরো প্রশ্ন নর উত্তনর যো পোনবো, তোই
Adverb.
Determiner
Determiner হনলো টবনশে িরনের Adjective.
He is the most creative student in our class.
adj
They are the most creative students in our class.
adj
Plural Count Noun Non-Count Noun
many*** much
few, a few little, a little
only a few only a little
number of amount of
these, those this, that
both, several
Plural Count Noun + Non-Count Noun
all*** some*** more most any
a lot of lots of a great deal of plenty of majority of
Singular Count Noun
each every another this that any
Article (a/ an/ the) - ক কতোমরো Determiner টহনসনব পরীক্ষোয়
প্রনয়োজন বযবহোর রনত পোনরো।
English Second Paper
Use of Modifiers (Part – 02)
Prepositional Phrase
Preposition কে তার পরবততী Noun / Pronoun সহ Prepositional
Phrase বলে৷ নালে Prepositional Phrase হলেও Function বা োলের দিে
কেলে এরা হয় Adjective Phrase অেবা Adverbial Phrase.
❑ Verb কে When/ Where/ Why / How দ্বারা প্রশ্ন েলর উত্তলর যদি
কোলনা Prepositional Phrase পাওয়া যায়, তাহলে তা Adverbial
Phrase. আর Prepositional Phrase যদি কোলনা Noun এর সালে বলস,
ঐ Noun সম্পলেত তেয কিয়, তাহলে কস Adjective Phrase.
❑ The fat cat sat on
onthe
themat.
mat .
❑ The cat on
onthe
themat
mat is fat.
Adverb
Adverb of Manner, Adverb of Place & Adverb of Time বালেয Verb &
Object এর পলর বসলব। যদি বালেয দতনদি-ই োলে তাহলে Sequence দি হলো:
Manner → Place → Time
Incorrect: He attends passionately classes every day at school.
Correct: He attends classes passionately at school every day.
Adverb of Frequency
always, often, never, usually, sometimes,
occasionally, rarely, seldom, frequently etc.
One verb sub + adverb + verb He never comes late.
(not be verb)
One verb (be verb) sub + verb + adverb He is always late.
More than one verb িুই Verb এর োলে He has never failed a test.
INFINITIVE
উলেশ্য প্রোলশ্ Infinitive বলস।
❑ He studies hard to pass the examination.
❑ The freedom fighters sacrificed their lives to liberate our
motherland.
INFINITIVE
Infinitive কে তার পরবততী Noun, Pronoun বা Adverb সহ
Infinitive Phrase বলে।
❑ He studies hard to to
pass thethe
pass examination.
examination.
GERUND
Gerund হলো Verb এর ing Form যা Sentence এ Subject দেিংবা
Object হয়।
❑ Swimming is beneficial to health.
❑ He enjoys swimming.
Adjective Clause / Relative Clause
কয Dependent Clause কোলনা Noun/ Pronoun এর সালে বলস
তালে modify েলর, কসই Dependent Clause কে Adjective
Clause / Relative Clause বলে। এরা সাধারণত Who /
Which / That ইতযাদি দিলয় শুরু হয়।
✓ Dhaka, which is the capital of Bangladesh, is an old city.
✓ Deforestation ,_____ (use a relative clause to post-modify
the noun), is one of the causes of global warming.
Ans: which means cutting down trees indiscriminately
Past Participle
Participle
Present Participle Perfect Participle
Participle, Adjective এর োে েলর। তাই Noun এর সালে
বলস। কয Noun এর সালে Participle বলস - তা যদি
Participle এর Verb এর োে েলর তাহলে বযবহৃত হলব
Present Participle। কয Noun এর সালে Participle বলস -
তা যদি Participle এর Verb এর োে না েলর বরিং ফোফে
ক াগ েলর তাহলে বযবহৃত হলব Past Participle।
❑ The ________ glass is useless.
a. breaking
b. broken
❑ The _____ girl looks beautiful.
a. smiled
b. smiling
❑ The book ____ in Sanskrit is too difficult for me to understand.
a. writing
b. written
❑ The man _______ rest under the tree is my grandfather.
a. taken
b. taking
Principal Clause এর Subject, DOER হলে বযবহৃত
হলব Present Participle । Principal Clause এর
Subject, RECEIVER হলে বযবহৃত হলব Past
Participle ।
❑______ along the beach, the men spotted the ship.
(a) Walking (b) Walked
❑______ by Tahsin Sifat, TSC English will be published in 2026.
(a) Writing (b) Written
DEMONSTRATIVE
This (এই)
That (ঐ)
These (এইগুলো)
Those (ঐগুলো)
DEMONSTRATIVE
This/ That - এরা Singular Noun এর পূলবত বলস;
These/ Those - এরা Plural Noun এর পূলবত বলস।
